Hazard vulnerability of India

A Presentation
¾ India is vulnerable to natural and man–
man–
on Institutional and Legislative Framework made disasters.
in
INDIA
¾ About 60% of the land mass is prone to
for earthquakes.
Disaster Management
ACDR 2006 SEOUL
¾ Over 40 million hectares (about 8%) is
by
prone to floods.
Rajiv Kumar
Director (Disaster Management) ¾ 68% of the area is susceptible to Drought.
Ministry of Home Affairs, Govt. of India
1

Hazard vulnerability of India Hazard Vulnerability in India

Earthquakes
¾ 8000 KM coast line is prone to cyclones/high
wind velocity.

¾ Coastal States/UTs are vulnerable to Tsunamis.

¾ Hilly terrain is prone to landslides/avalanches/

cloudbursts

¾ Man-
Man-made disasters – fire, terrorist activities
using conventional weapons or nuclear,
biological and chemical materials; industrial
accidents etc. 3 4

Hazard Vulnerability in India Hazard Vulnerability in India

Floods Cyclones/High Wind Velocities

5 6

1
 Major Natural Institutional Mechanism
Earthquake J&K 8 Oct
05, Death 1318 lives
lost
Disasters in at the National Level
the country : ¾ In the event of a disaster of a severe nature, National
1990 - 2005 Crisis Management Committee under Cabinet
Major Cyclones - Four
Secretary gives policy directions and guidelines to the
Earthquakes (M 6+) - Five
Earthquake, Gujarat
Jan 2001, 13805 lives lost
1991 OCT 20 Uttarkashi M6.6
Crisis Management Group where national/
1993 Sept 30 Latur M6.3 international efforts are required.
1997 May 22 Jabalpur M6.0
1999 March 29 Chamoli M6.8 ¾ Crisis Management Group in MHA reviews the
2001 Jan 26 Bhuj M6.9
Tsunami – 26 Dec 2004
situation in Inter-
Inter-Ministerial meeting to coordinate
2005 – Earthquake in J&K 8th various emergency support functions for the affected
Oct 2005
States.
Floods - Every Year
Droughts - Every 2-3 year
¾ Union Cabinet may set up a Cabinet Committee/Task
Force/GoM
Force/GoM for effective coordination of relief
Tsunami Dec 26 2004,
more than 10000 lives lost
7 measures in the wake of calamities of severe nature.8

Institutional Mechanism
Institutional Setup
CABINET COMMITTEE ON NATURAL CALAMITIES
at the State Level Chairman: Prime Minister

NATIONAL CRISIS
¾ A State level Crisis Management Committee under the WARNING
(Nodal agencies) MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE
Secretaries of all
line Ministries
Chairmanship of Chief Secretary is responsible for Head: CABINET SECRETARY
formulating policies and guidelines for management
of natural disasters in the States. Disaster Ministry of Home Affairs
Surveillance IDS OPS
N D M Division Room
MHA Control Home Secretary/Secretary (BM)
(24 X 7)
¾ This committee comprises of concerned functionaries Room ( 24X7) Joint Secretary

in various State Departments and representatives of Directors-Response, Logistics, AFFECTED

Central Organizations located in the State. Preparedness & Mitigation SITE
State Control STATE CRISIS MANAGEMENT
„ Relief and Rescue
Operations
Room (S-EOC) GROUP
¾ State Relief Commissioner is the Nodal Officer for „ Establish
Department of Relief Head: CHIEF SECRETARY
coordinating the activities for relief operations in the & Disaster
Communication Network
„ Drinking Water „
event of natural disasters. Management
District Control Room
Restoration of Power
Supply „ Prevention of
Outbreak of Epidemics
9 (D-EOC) 10

Disaster Management Framework

Institutional Mechanism
Central Relief
at the District Level Commissioner National EOC Emergency Support
Functions
¾ District level is the focal point in a disaster situation Relief Commissioner State EOC
[Ministries/ Deptts./
Agencies]
from which disaster management related activities
are coordinated and implemented. ESF 1
District
Magistrate/Collecto Dist EOC ESF1
ESF1
r ESF1
ESF1
¾ A district level committee exists under the District ESF1
ESF1
Collector / Deputy Commissioner. DM Cell ESF16

¾ District Collector is the key functionary for directing,

DISASTER
supervising and monitoring all Disaster Incident Management Team
Management operations.
11 Incident Managers 12

2
 Role of Central and State
Governments
¾ Central and State Governments are jointly
responsible for undertaking mitigation,
preparedness, response, relief and rehabilitation
measures.
¾ Central Government supplements the efforts of
State Government by providing financial and
logistic support in case of a major calamity.
¾ Involvement of local bodies, NGOs, Self help
groups etc in relief and response.
Disaster Management
the National Roadmap
¾ A National Roadmap for Disaster Management
drawn up covering:
ƒ institutional mechanisms
ƒ mitigation/ prevention measures
ƒ legal/policy framework
ƒ preparedness and response
ƒ early warning systems
ƒ human resource development
ƒ capacity building
¾ States have been advised to draw up similar
roadmaps
15
Salient features of the National Policy on
Disaster Management
¾ Strengthen the role of Panchayati Raj institutions
and urban local bodies in disaster management.
¾ Involve non-
non-governmental organizations, private
sector, institutions and community in disaster
management.
¾ Review and update regularly the Indian Codes and
Standards relevant to multi-
multi-hazard resistant
designs and construction of buildings and
structures. 17
Approach to Disaster Management
¾ Orissa super cyclone 1999 and Bhuj earthquake 2001
underscored the need for change in orientation from a relief-
relief-
centric approach to a holistic multi-
multi-dimensional and multi-
multi-
sectoral approach.
¾ Tsunami 2004 accelerated the process.
¾ The new approach encompasses prevention, mitigation,
preparedness, response, relief and rehabilitation.
¾ It proceeds from the conviction that development cannot be
sustainable unless disaster mitigation is built in, in the
development process.
¾ Objective is that hazards may be prevented from turning into
disasters by taking mitigation and preparedness measures.
Salient features of the National Policy on
Disaster Management
¾ Adoption of a holistic and pro-
pro-active approach towards
prevention, mitigation and preparedness.
¾ Delineate the role and responsibilities of the Central
Government and the State Governments to establish
appropriate legal and institutional framework.
¾ Ensure that disaster reduction elements are dovetailed
with development process.
¾ Enact a modern and unified legislation to establish
appropriate legal, institutional, financial and
administrative framework for disaster management at
the national level. 16
Salient features of the National Policy on
Disaster Management
¾ Review and enforce all development control regulations
and zoning regulations through the State Governments.
¾ Promote disaster mitigation technologies.
¾ Revise state relief codes/manuals so as to convert them
into disaster management codes/manuals.
¾ Strengthen Civil Defence organization to supplement local
response and relief effort.
¾ Encourage the State Governments to formulate State Policy on
Disaster Management which should be in consonance with the
National Policy on Disaster Management. 18
3
 Salient features of the National Policy on
Disaster Management
¾ Develop appropriate standard operating procedures.
¾ Build the capacity of the community on a sustained
basis through training of village volunteers.
¾ Build the capacity of the local authorities, engineers,
architects, planners and others responsible for
enforcing safe designs and construction standards.
¾ Promote awareness generation for mitigation and
preparedness in the community.
¾ Include Disaster Risk Management as an integral part
of the school and university curricula.
19
Moving towards a legislative framework
¾ The Working Group endorsed the recommendation
of the HPC made in October 2001 for enacting the
Disaster Management Act.
¾ The Tsunami Disaster in December 2004,
accelerated the process of legislation.
¾ It was felt that the response to disasters could be
improved if appropriate preparedness and capacity
building measures are put in place.
21
Salient features of the DM Act - NDMA
¾ Setting up of a National Disaster Management Authority
(NDMA) under the Prime Minister with such other
members, not exceeding nine, as may be nominated by
Prime Minister.
¾ One of the Members may be designated as the Vice-
Vice-
Chairperson of NDMA by the Prime Minister.
¾ The National Authority shall have the responsibility for
laying down the policies, plans and guidelines for
disaster management.
¾ The Authority may constitute an Advisory Committee
consisting of experts in the field of disaster management.
23
Moving towards a legislative framework
¾ A High Powered Committee (HPC) on Disaster Management
was constituted in August 1999, which submitted its report in
October 2001, recommending a Model National Calamity
Management Act and a Model State Disaster Management Act.
¾ After the Bhuj earthquake in January 2001, a National
Committee on Disaster Management was constituted in
February 2001 under the chairmanship of Prime Minister, which
set up a Working Group to assist it.
¾ The Working Group consisted of the Vice Chairman of the
National Committee and the High Power Committee.
¾ The Working Group presented its report to the Prime Minister in
June 2003
20
The Disaster Management Act, 2005
¾ The Disaster Management Act, 2005 was
enacted on 26th December, 2005
¾ The proposed legislation is relatable to entry 23
(Social security and social insurance) in the
Concurrent List of the Constitution.
¾ This will have the advantage that it will permit
the States also to have their own legislation on
disaster management.(4 states now have Acts)
22
Salient features of the DM Act - NDMA
¾ The Authority shall be assisted by a National Executive
Committee of Secretaries to be Central Government.
¾ The National Executive Committee shall prepare a
National Disaster Management Plan in consultation with
the State Governments to be approved by the National
Authority.
¾ The National Plan shall include measures for prevention
and mitigation of disasters, integration of mitigation
measures in the development plans, preparedness and
capacity building to effectively respond to disasters.
¾ The National Authority shall recommend guidelines for
the minimum standards of relief to be provided to
persons affected by disaster.
24
4
 National Disaster Management Salient features of the DM Act - SDMA
Authority ¾ Setting up of State Disaster Management Authority
(SDMA) by the State Government under the Chief
Prime Minister – Chairperson Minister with eight other members to be nominated by
the Chief Minister and the Chairperson of the State
Vice Chairperson Executive Committee.
8 Members
¾ One of the members my be designated as the Vice- Vice-
Chairperson of the State Authority by the Chief Minister.

¾ The State Authority may constitute an Advisory

Advisory Committee National Executive Committee of experts, as when it considers necessary.
Committee
of ¾ The State Authority shall be responsible for laying down
Of the policies and plans for disaster management in the
Experts Secretaries State.
25 26

Salient features of the DM Act - SDMA State/ District Disaster Management

Authority
¾ The State Authority shall recommend guidelines State Disaster Management
Authority
for providing minimum standards of relief to Chief Minister – Chairperson
Vice Chairperson
persons affected by disaster in the State 8 Members

provided that such standards shall not be less Chief Secretary

than the minimum standards laid in down in the

guidelines by the National Authority. District Disaster Management Authority

Advisory committee District Magistrate – Chairperson

Additional District Magistrate – Vice Chairperson State Executive committee
Chief Medical Office – Member
of Secretaries
of experts Superintendent of Police – Member
¾ The State Authority will be assisted by the State Three district level officers - Member

Executive Committee.
Local Authorities
President – Zilla Parieshed
¾ 17 States have SDMA’
SDMA’s in place and functioning. Chairperson – Municipality
and heads of other local authorities

27 28

DM Act – Local Authority

Salient features of the DM Act - DDMA
¾ The Local Authority shall ensure training of
¾ The State Government shall establish a District its officers and employees and maintenance
Disaster Management Authority (DDMA) in each
district. of resources so as to be readily available for
use in the event of a disaster.
¾ The District Authority will be headed by District
Magistrate and shall consist of such members,
not exceeding seven, as may be prescribed by ¾ It shall also ensure that all construction
the State Government. projects under it conform to the standards
and specifications laid down.
¾ The District Authority shall act as the district
planning, coordinating and implementing body
for disaster management. ¾ It shall carry out relief, rehabilitation and
reconstruction activities in the affected area
29
within its jurisdiction. 30

5
 DM Act – Resources (Human)
¾ The Central Government shall constitute the National
Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM)
¾ NIDM shall plan and promote training and research in
disaster management, documentation and development
of national level information base relating to disaster
management policies, prevention mechanism and
mitigation measures.
¾ Development of HRD plan for DM.
¾ Development of training modules and training of different
stake holders (administrators/policy makers/planners/
Govt. officials etc.) in DM.
¾ Providing assistance to National & State Governments in
strengthening their DM systems and capabilities,
preparation of DM plans & strategies for hazard risk
reduction.
DM Act – NDRF
¾ A National Disaster Response Force shall be
constituted for specialist response.
¾ The general superintendence and direction of
the Force shall be vested in and exercised by
the National Authority.
¾ Command and supervision of the Force shall
vest in an officer to be appointed by the Central
Government as the Director General of the
NDRF.

31 32

DM Act – Resources (Financial) DM Act, 2005 – Role of Central Government

¾ The Central Government shall constitute a National
Disaster Response Fund which will consist of an amount ¾ The Central Government shall be responsible for
which may be provided by the Central Government and coordination of actions by Ministries/Departments
any grants that may be made by any person or institution of the Central Government, National Authority,
for disaster management. State Authorities, governmental and non- non-
governmental organizations.
¾ The Central Government may constitute a National
Disaster Mitigation Fund for mitigation projects.
¾ The Central Government shall ensure integration of
¾ The State Government shall establish Disaster Response measures for prevention and mitigation of disasters.
Fund and Disaster Mitigation Fund at State and District
level. ¾ The Central Government shall ensure appropriate
allocation of funds for disaster management.
¾ Every Ministry/Department of Central and State
Governments shall make provision in its annual budget for
funds to carry out the activities set out in its disaster
management plan. 33 34

DM Act – Role of State Government

¾ It shall provide assistance to the
Ministries/Departments of the Central Government as
may be necessary.

Thank You
¾ The State Government shall take action for integration
of measures for prevention and mitigation of disasters
in their development plans; and provide rehabilitation
and reconstruction assistance to the affected people.
¾ These measures shall also include emergency
communication; transporting personnel and relief
goods; evacuation, rescue of affected population, live-
live- Website: http://www.ndmindia.nic.in
stock, temporary shelters or other immediate relief.
¾ Every Department of the State Governments shall
prepare a Disaster Management Plan in respect of
roles and responsibilities assigned to it and review
and update it annually. 35 36