Scribes of Divine Revelation

Secretaries of Muhammad “Rasool Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam”

 As Muhammad “Rasool Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam” was un-lettered

therefore, he had some people who helped him preserve the Quran.
 They devoted much of their time to note down the verses revealed to the Holy Prophet
“Rasool Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam”.
 Allah (Subhanahu wa-ta’ala) appreciates their services in these words; “…..it is written
by the hands of honourable, pious and just.”
 The Quran which we have today is due to their efforts.
 In total, they are more than 40 but the famous are as following.
 They wrote ahadith also.
 They compiled the Quran in the time of Abu Bakr (radi Allahu anho)
 They compiled the Quran in the time of Uthman (radi Allahu anho)
 The compilation stops any changes in the Quran.
 The compilation at one place makes it easy to read and carry.

Detail

As Muhammad “Rasool Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam” was un-

lettered therefore, he had some people who helped him preserve the Quran. They devoted
much of their time to note down the verses revealed to the Holy Prophet “Rasool Allah
Khatam-un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam”. Allah (Subhanahu wa-ta’ala)
appreciates their services in these words; “…..it is written by the hands of honourable,
pious and just.” In total, they are more than 40 but the famous are as following. The
Quran which we have today is due to their efforts.

Abu Bakr (radi Allahu anho)

 He wrote the Qur’an in the life of Holy Prophet “Rasool Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin
SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam”
 He made its collection and compilation possible after the demise of Muhammad
“Rasool Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam”.
 After the battle of Yamamah he entrusted the task to Zaid (radi Allahu anho) bin
Thabit to compile the Qur’an.
  When Zaid (radi Allahu anho) along with his committee of more than 20 people
completed the task, he handed it over to Abu Bakr (radi Allahu anho).
 The caliph later, on his death bed handed it over to Umar (radi Allahu anho) who
gave in the safe custody of Hafsah (radi Allahu anha).

Detail

Abu Bakr (radi Allahu anho) was among the earliest to accept Islam. He also motivated
Uthman (radi Allahu anho) and many others to accept it. During the migration to Yathrib,
he risked his life and accompanied Muhammad “Rasool Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu
Alaihi Wasallam”. He served Islam through his wealth by freeing the slaves and donating
for the battles.
He not only wrote the Quran in the life of Holy Prophet “Rasool Allah Khatam-un-
Nabiyyin SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam” but also made its collection and compilation
possible after the demise of Muhammad “Rasool Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu
Alaihi Wasallam”. It was in the first year after the Holy Prophet “Rasool Allah Khatam-
un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam” had passed away that the need to compile the
Quranic documents in a single, easy to use set became apparent. Umar (radi Allahu anho)
made the proposal of the compilation of Quran to the first Caliph, Abu Bakr (radi
Allahu anho), shortly after the Battle of Yamamah in which several hundred Muslims
were martyred, seventy amongst those were the ones who had learnt all of the Quran by
heart. Abu Bakr (radi Allahu anho) was reluctant in the beginning to do so but later
on he approved of the proposal and entrusted the task to Zaid (radi Allahu anho) bin
Thabit, who was not merely a scribe entrusted by the Holy Prophet “Rasool Allah Khatam-
un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam” to write down the Quranic revelations but he
was also a young man who had learnt the Quran by heart and witnessed the Holy Prophet’s
“Rasool Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam” final recitation of the
Quran. Certain rules were laid down including one which stipulated that no written
text would be acceptable unless two people of integrity would testify that it was
indicated by the Holy Prophet “Rasool Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu Alaihi
Wasallam” himself as a part of the Quran. This task was so difficult that Zaid (radi
Allahu anho) said, “Had Abu Bakr ordered me to move a mountain from its place it would
have been easier for me to do than to compile the Quran.” When Zaid (radi Allahu anho)
along with his committee of more than 20 people completed the task, he handed it over
to Abu Bakr (radi Allahu anho) who later on his death bed handed it over to Umar (radi
Allahu anho).
As the news of the Holy Prophet’s “Rasool Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu Alaihi
Wasallam” demise spread, a number of difficulties arose but Abu Bakr (radi Allahu anho)
managed to crush them such as refusal to pay Zakaat, apostasy movement and even false
claimants to prophet-hood. He made remarkable conquests in the Roman and Persian Empire
and saved a newly born Islamic state from foreign threats.

Umar (Radiy Allaho Anho)

 He wrote the Qur’an in the life of Muhammad “Rasool Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin

SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam”
 Shortly after the Battle of Yamamah in which several hundred Muslims were
martyred; seventy amongst them were the ones who had learned all or most of the
Qur’an by heart.
 He made the proposal of the compilation of Qur’an to the first caliph, Abu Bakr
(radi Allahu anho).
 Abu Bakr (radi Allahu anho) later, on his death bed handed the notes of Qur’an
over to Umar (radi Allahu anho) to keep them in the safe custody.
 Umar (radi Allahu anho) later on gave the Qur’an in the safe custody of his
daughter Hafsah (radi Allahu anha), thus this copy was known as “Mus’haf-e-
Hafsah.”
 During his Caliphate he ordered the soldiers to teach Qur’an to the converts.

Detail

Umar (radi Allahu anho) was born in a respectable Quraish family. He was proficient in
the branch of knowledge, reading and writing, as well as in the art of speaking. He
was a bitter enemy of Islam but converted after he heard the 10Surah Taha from his
sister. His conversion to Islam influenced the citizens of Makkah and raised the morale
of the small community of Muslims.
He not only wrote the Quran in the life of Muhammad “Rasool Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin
SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam” but he made the proposal of the compilation of Quran to
the first Caliph, Abu Bakr (radi Allahu anho), shortly after the Battle of Yamamah in
which several hundred Muslims were martyred; seventy amongst them were the ones who
had learned all or most of the Quran by heart. Abu Bakr (radi Allahu anho) was reluctant
in the beginning to do so but later on he approved the proposal and entrusted the task
to Zaid bin Thabit (radi Allahu anho) the task to compile the Quran at one place. Abu
Bakr (radi Allahu anho) later, on his death bed handed the notes of Quran over to Umar
(radi Allahu anho) to keep them in the safe custody. Umar (radi Allahu anho) later on
gave the Quran in the safe custody of his daughter Hafsah (radi Allahu anha), thus
this copy was known as “Mus’haf-e-Hafsah.” During his Caliphate he ordered the soldiers
to teach Quran to the converts.
He became second Caliph of Islam and the most notable feature of his Caliphate was the
vast expansion of Islam. Apart from Arabia, Egypt, Iraq, Palestine and Iran also came
under the protection of the Islamic government.
Once when Umar (radi Allahu anho) went to the mosque to lead a Prayers (salat), a slave
named Feroze, who had a grudge against him on a personal matter, attacked him with a
dagger and stabbed him several times, martyring him.

Uthman (Radi Allahu Anho)

 He wrote the Qur’an in the life of Muhammad “Rasool Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin

SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam”
 During his reign as Anas and Huzaifah (radi Allahu anhuma) told him that people
in Syria and Arminiya are quarreling over the different dialects of the Qur’an.
 One group wrongs the accent of another group, and the other wrongs the former
one. Therefore, Uthman (radi Allahu anho) borrowed the original manuscript of
the Qur’an, from Hafsah (radi Allahu anha)
 He instructed Zaid bin Thabit (radi Allahu anho) and three others to write down
five to seven more copies
 He sent one copy to each of the main centers in the Muslim States to serve as
reference to scholars and students of the Qur’an.
 Uthman (radi Allahu anho) also ordered that all documents which were at variance
with these copies be burnt down to avoid any doubt and conflict.

Detail

Uthman bin Affan (radi Allahu anho) was born seven years after the Holy Prophet “Rasool
Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam”. He belonged to the Umayyad branch
of the Quraish tribe. He learned to read and write at an early age, and as a young man
became a successful merchant. It was Abu Bakr (radi Allahu anho) who brought him to
the fold of Islam. He married with two daughters of the Holy Prophet “Rasool Allah
Khatam-un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam”, Ruqayya and Umm-e-Kulthoom (radi Allahu
anhuma). In Tabook expedition he whole heartedly donated, 1000 gold dinars, 300 loaded
camels and 70 horses. During the reign of Uthman (radi Allahu anho), the need to have
reference copies of the Quran became apparent as Anas and Huzaifah (radi Allahu anhuma)
told him that people in Syria and Arminiya are quarreling over the different dialects
of the Quran. One group wrongs the accent of another group, and the other wrongs the
former one. Therefore, Uthman (radi Allahu anho) borrowed the original manuscript of
the Quran, from Hafsah (radi Allahu anha) and instructed Zaid bin Thabit (radi Allahu
anho) and three others to write down five more copies and sent one copy to each of the
main centers in the Muslim States to serve as reference to scholars and students of
the Quran. Uthman (radi Allahu anho) also ordered that all documents which were at
variance with these copies be burnt down. This was to make sure that those pieces of
writing materials on which parts of the Quran were written and to which the writer
might have added a word of explanation, as was the habit of some of them, were burnt,
so that they would not be confused later as having a fuller text. Uthman's (radi Allahu
anho) realm extended in the west to Morocco, in the east to Afghanistan, and in the
north to Armenia and Azerbaijan. He was martyred by rebels when he did not hand over
the seat to them, he breathed his last in 35 A.H. /656 A.D.

Ali (Radi Allahu Anho)

 He had his own copy of the Qur’an which he wrote after the dictation of Holy
Prophet “Rasool Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam”.
 It was Ali (radi Allahu anho) who wrote the terms of the Treaty of Hudaibiya.
 Letters sent out by the Holy Prophet “Rasool Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu
Alaihi Wasallam” to different kings and Emperors were also written by him.

Detail

Ali bin Abi Talib (radi Allahu anho) was the first cousin of the Holy Prophet “Rasool
Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam”. He was one of the scribes of the
Divine Revelation. It was Ali (radi Allahu anho) who wrote the terms of the Treaty of
Hudaibiya. Letters sent out by the Holy Prophet “Rasool Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin
SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam” to different kings and Emperors were also written by him.
He had his own copy of the Quran which he wrote after the dictation of Holy Prophet
“Rasool Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam”.
Apart from the expedition of Tabuk, Ali (radi Allahu anho) fought in all the early
battles of Islam with great distinction. In the Battle of Badr he killed Waleed and
Shaiba and also killed Amr bin Abd Wud in the Battle of Trench. Particularly he is the
conqueror of Khyber expedition.
He became the fourth Caliph of Islam but martyrdom of Uthman (radi Allahu anho) became
a cause of civil strife on a large scale during his rule, such as Battle of Jamel,
Battle of Siffin etc. He nevertheless tried to maintain peace and unity amongst the
Muslims.
On one morning when Ali (radi Allahu anho) was absorbed in Prayers (salat), Ibn-e-
Muljim stabbed him with a poisoned sword. He passed away on the 20th of Ramadan, 40
A.H.

Zaid bin Thabit (radi Allahu anho)

 He was the principal scribe of the Holy Prophet “Rasool Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin
SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam”.
 He learnt Hebrew language and became an official interpreter and translator for
the Holy Prophet “Rasool Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam”.
 His deep knowledge of the Holy Qur’an made him a great companion of the Holy
Prophet “Rasool Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam” despite the
fact that he was much younger.
 After the Battle of Yamama, he was chosen as the Head of the Committee which was
given the task of compiling the Holy Qur’an at one place.
 During the period of the third Caliph, it was Zaid bin Thabit (radi Allahu anho)
who was given the task of preparing a standard version of the Qur’an
 He completed this task quite diligently in five to seven copies through the help
of Mus’haf-e-Hafsah (the notes which he had prepared in the time of 1st caliph).

Detail

He belonged to the Khazraj tribe of Madinah and had accepted Islam at the age of 11
before the Muslims had migrated from Makkah. Among the people to whom Muslims are to
be grateful for the written preservation of the Holy Book of Islam is Zaid bin Thabit
(radi Allahu anho), who was the principal scribe of the Holy Prophet “Rasool Allah
Khatam-un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam”. On the directions of the Holy Prophet
“Rasool Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam”, he learnt Hebrew language
and became an official interpreter and translator for him. His deep knowledge of the
Holy Quran made him a great companion of the Holy Prophet “Rasool Allah Khatam-un-
Nabiyyin SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam” despite the fact that he was much younger. He
actively took part in the Battle of Khandaq and in the Tabuk Expedition.
He was the first Ansar to swear allegiance to Abu Bakr (radi Allahu anho) as the
Caliph. He participated in the Battle of Yamama and fought the war against Musailma,
the liar. After the Battle of Yamama, he was chosen as the Head of the Committee which
was given the task of compiling the Holy Quran at one place. The job was hard but he
did commendably well. He said, “Had Abu Bakr ordered me to move a mountain from its
place it would have been easier for me than to compile the Quran.” The text of Holy
Quran was collected by him, was then preserved and kept by the Caliphs, Abu Bakr and
Umar (radi Allahu anhuma). It was later on entrusted to Hafsah (radi Allahu anha).
During the Caliphate of Umar (radi Allahu anho), he was the Qazi of the city of Madinah
and he was quite often appointed as a deputy to look after the affairs of the state
whenever the Caliph went to perform Hajj or Umrah or visited any other place.
During the period of the third Caliph, it was Zaid bin Thabit (radi Allahu anho) who
was given the task of preparing a standard version of the Quran which he completed
quite diligently through the help of Mus’haf-e-Hafsa. It is this standard copy (known
to be Uthmani Script) prepared by Zaid bin Thabit (radi Allahu anho) which is recited
as such till this time in the entire Muslim world.

Abdullah bin Masud (radi Allahu anho)

 Muhammad “Rasool Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam” said about

him, “Whoever likes to recite the Qur’an as fresh (i.e., accurately) as it was
revealed, let him recite it the way it is recited by the son of Umm-e-Abd.”
 He had knowledge of the Holy Qur’an, both in the form of recitation and content.
 He did not hand over his own copy of the Qur’an to Uthman (radi Allahu anho) for
burning.
 He is reported to be the authority on some 800 traditions.

Detail

Muhammad “Rasool Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam” said about him,
“Whoever likes to recite the Quran as fresh (i.e., accurately) as it was revealed, let
him recite it the way it is recited by the son of Umm-e-Abd.” He had knowledge of the
Holy Quran, both in the form of recitation and content.
He was severely beaten by the Quraish on open and loud recitation of the Surah Al-
Rahman in Makkah but he did not care for the tortures which the Quraish inflicted upon
him.
He hardly ever missed an opportunity of accompanying the Holy Prophet “Rasool Allah
Khatam-un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam” to learn every possible thing he could
from him, to the extent that some people mistakenly thought that he was the member of
the Holy Prophet’s “Rasool Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam” family.
He migrated twice to Abyssinia and then to Madinah. He took part in the Battle of Badr
and killed Abu Jahal. He is reported to be the authority on some 800 traditions.
He was sent to Kufa as an administrator by Umar (radi Allahu anho) who always held him
in high esteem because of his knowledge, nobility, sobriety and commitment to the cause
of Islam.

Hafsah (radi Allahu anha)

 The Holy Prophet “Rasool Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam”

had instructed her in religion and other related topics. As a result she became
a teacher, guide and an authority on complicated matters.
 She was also the custodian of the original copy of Holy Qur’an compiled by Zaid
bin Thabit (radi Allahu anho) under the order of Caliph, Abu Bakr (radi Allahu
anho).
 She kept the copy in her safe custody and did not let it spoil. This copy
subsequently became the authentic version of the holy Qur’an and was called
“Mus’haf-e-Hafsah’’.
 When Uthman (radi Allahu anho) wanted to finalize and uniform the Qur’an he asked
for the copy of Hafsah (radi Allahu anha) which she handed it over to him.

Detail

She was the daughter of the second Caliph, Umar bin Khattab (radi Allahu anho). The
Holy Prophet “Rasool Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam” expressed
his desire to marry Hafsah (radi Allahu anha) with a view of strengthening his ties
with Umar (radi Allahu anho) and his tribe. Hafsah (radi Allahu anha) possessed
knowledge of religious matters with intensity. She spent much of her time in reading
and writing. The Holy Prophet “Rasool Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu Alaihi
Wasallam” had instructed her in religion and other related topics. As a result she
became a teacher, guide and an authority on complicated matters. At least sixty
traditions have been quoted by her, which she heard from the Holy Prophet “Rasool Allah
Khatam-un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam” and her father. She was also the
custodian of the original copy of Holy Quran compiled by Zaid bin Thabit (radi Allahu
anho) under the order of Caliph, Abu Bakr (radi Allahu anho). She kept the copy in her
safe custody and did not let it spoil. This copy subsequently became the authentic
version of the holy Quran and was called “Mus’haf-e-Hafsah’’. When Uthman (radi Allahu
anho) wanted to finalize and uniform the Quran he asked for the copy of Hafsah (radi
Allahu anha) which she handed it over to him. She passed away in the month of Shaban
45 A.H. Before her demise, she called her brother Abdullah bin Umar (radi Allahu
anhuma) to distribute her property to the poor and the needy.

Muawiyah son of abu Sufyan (radi Allahu anhuma)

 He was also a great mathematician and an excellent calligraphist.

 After the conquest of Makkah, Muawiyah (radi Allahu anho) served as secretary to
the Holy Prophet “Rasool Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam”
and was the writer of the Revelations.

Detail

Muawiyah (radi Allahu anho) was the son of Abu Sufyan Bin Harb (radi Allahu anho) from
the family of Banu Umayya which was the second most powerful family in Makkah. He was
inclined to Islam after the Treaty of Hudaibiyah and declared his faith at the time of
conquest of Makkah along with his family. He was also a great mathematician and an
excellent calligraphist. After the conquest of Makkah, Muawiyah (radi Allahu anho)
served as secretary to the Holy Prophet “Rasool Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu
Alaihi Wasallam” and was the writer of the Revelations. He was also the brother-in-law
of Muhammad “Rasool Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam” as his sister
Umm-e-Habiba (radi Allahu anha) was married to the Holy Prophet “Rasool Allah Khatam-
un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam”.
During the Caliphate of Abu Bakr and Umar (radi Allahu anhuma), Muawiyah (radi Allahu
anho) served in the army and fought under the command of Khalid Bin Waleed Abu Ubaida
Bin Al Jarrah and Yazeed son of Sufyan (radi Allahu anhum).
After the passing away of Yazeed son of Sufyan (radi Allahu anho), Umar (radi Allahu
anho) appointed Muawiyah (radi Allahu anho) as the Governor of Syria. He was loved and
respected by the people of Syria where he served as the governor till the time Uthman
(radi Allahu anho).
When Ali (radi Allahu anho) became the caliph, Muawiyah (radi Allahu anho) demanded
qisas (retribution) for Uthman’s blood before he would accept the Caliphate of Ali
(radi Allahu anho). This demand led to the battle of Siffin and eventually Islamic
state was divided into two halves; one under Ali (radi Allahu anho) and other under
Muawiyah (radi Allahu anho). After the martyrdom Ali (radi Allahu anho), His son Hasan
(radi Allahu anho) became the caliph but due to the disagreement between him and
Muawiyah (radi Allahu anhuma), Hasan (radi Allahu anho) withdrew from the caliphate in
favour of Muhawiyah (radi Allahu anho) thus Muhawiya (radi Allahu anho) became the
leader of Muslim state.

Ubayy bin Kab (radi Allahu anho)

 He had complete knowledge of the Tawrat (the Old Testament) and knew about the
glad tidings of the coming of the Holy Prophet “Rasool Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin
SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam”.
 It is important to note that the task to write the Qur’an was bestowed upon him
by Allah (Subhanahu wa-ta’ala).
 He was one of the twenty five people who knew the Qur’an completely by heart.
 He was part of the consultative group to which the caliph Abu Bakr (radi Allahu
anho) referred many problems.

Detail

Ubayy bin Kab (radi Allahu anho) belonged to the Khazraj tribe. He had complete
knowledge of the Tawrat (the Old Testament) and knew about the glad tidings of the
coming of the Holy Prophet “Rasool Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu Alaihi
Wasallam”. When after the pledges of Aqaba Musab bin Umair (radi Allahu anho) entered
Madinah and invited the people he responded to it. During the second allegiance ceremony
at Aqabah, Ubayy bin Kab (radi Allahu anho) was one of the seventy people of Madinah
who paid allegiance to the holy Prophet “Rasool Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu
Alaihi Wasallam”. When the Holy Prophet “Rasool Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu
Alaihi Wasallam” entered Madinah, Ubayy bin Kab (radi Allahu anho) was the first person
among the Helpers [Ansār] of Madinah to record the Divine Revelation, and, hence,
become one of the most famous scribes of the Glorious Qur’an. It is important to note
that this honorable position and status was bestowed upon him by Allah. The Holy
Prophet “Rasool Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam” received orders
from Allah (Subhanahu wa-ta’ala) to recite the Qur’an for Ubayy (radi Allahu anho) and
teach him how to recite it in a correct manner. He was one of the twenty five people
who knew the Quran completely by heart.
He participated in the battle of Badr and other following battles. He was part of the
consultative group to which the caliph Abu Bakr (radi Allahu anho) referred many
problems. It included Umar, Uthman, Ali, Abd-al-Rahman bin Awf, Muadh bin Jabal, Ubayy
bin Kab and Zayd bin Thabit (radi Allahu anhum). Umar (radi Allahu anho) later consulted
the same group when he was caliph, specifically for legal judgments. Ubayy (radi Allahu
anho) died during the caliphate of Uthman (radi Allahu anho).

Expected questions

1. Describe the work carried out by the Scribes of the Holy Prophet “Rasool Allah
Khatam-un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam” in writing down the revelations.

2. Why was the task the Scribes performed significant?

3. What was the part played by Zaid bin Thabit (radi Allahu anho) in compiling the
revelations?
4. Discuss the significance in early Islam of the Holy Prophet’s “Rasool Allah
Khatam-un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam” secretaries, known as the scribe
of the revelation,

5. Discuss the significance in early Islam the Mus’haf of Hafsah.

6. Discuss the significance in early Islam the Battle of Yamamah.

7. Briefly explain the importance of scribes of the Holy Prophet “Rasool Allah
Khatam-un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam”

8. Outline the work they carried out in writing down the revelations.

9. Describe the part played by Zaid bin Thabit (radi Allahu anho) in preserving the
revelations after the Holy Prophet’s “Rasool Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu
Alaihi Wasallam” demise.

10. Discuss the significance in early Islam Zaid bin Thabit (radi Allahu anho).