Introduction to Organic Halides

Organic Halides Introduction

Preparation
Introduction Physical Properties
Chemical Properties
Halogens ( F ,
G
,
Br
,
I)

Problem Solving
containing organic
compounds .

F ( special )
~
I -
× Cl

p
-

µ
Br

I
sp3
2
Sp
 I. Alkyl Halides II. Aryl halides

* Mono -
Halides * Di -
Halides * Tri -
Halides

Alkyl Halides
I. :
✗ % >
C1

Mono -
Halides : C -
X

T \→Br
sp3 É
R -

✗
✗ HALO ALKANES
③ Halides
-

3° R3C -
X

go zo 3° ( IUPAC)
RICH -

✗
✗
zo ( 2° Halides)
RCHz-
1°
✗

( 1° Halides)
 1° 10
1° Halides :
Cltzcl ; CHZCHZCI ; CHzCHzCaHzC1
Rcttz -
X 210
Cltzy 2°
steel ??
• "
*
Butyl chlorides
1°
:
C4HqC1 £0
3
@ Halide)
c-C -

c -

c -

Cl C - c -

c -
CI
a
£ a

Cltz 1° 20
* cltz
-
d -
< Hzcl ; c- c- C- c- Cl

ditz
a 1 a

neo
pentyl
-
C

isopenhl
2° Halides :
911-3
RZCH -
X cHz-%H a
-
Br (isopropyl bromide)

Cltz -

CHZ -4h -

Br
/
*
( chiral
( see -

Butyl ) ↳ Hz → Centre )
z°
3° Halides : CH}

Rzc -
X CH> ¥ -
I test .

butyl iodide
I 30
Gt3 Cltz
✗ I
•
Mezc -
I

Cttzctlz c I Test pentyl @ etzzc I

-

:
-
• -
>

1 3°
iodide
CHZ . I

IMP NOTE :

* cydoalkyl halides : ( 2° )
✗ ✗
cyclo hexyl
✗
Cl Cl Cl
zo zo
°
2.
Chloride
cydopwpyl cyclo pentyl
*
cyclo alkyl halides : ( 39
3° CH
}
3%11-3
✗
£
Cl Cl
IMP .
NOTE : Ally / ( ic) & Benzyl ( ie)
1° 20
Br Br
Cltz
cltz-CH-q.tt
• Cltz = CH - -

•
-

1° allylic [ Ally / bromide

] cH3
R [ 2° allylic]
13°
• CHz= CH -

✗
C -

Br [ 3° allylic]
I
R
10
Benzyl ( ic) : cHz-C1 Benzyl chloride
( 1° benzylic)
is p .
• CH -
CI
•
c- CIT
)Ñ7
20
( 3°
13°
2° Benzylic
benzylic)
( R
ph #
PhzfH Phyfe CI
-

•
-

CI •

Ph Ph
 ARYL HALIDES :

• . ✗ : F Cl Br I
, , ,
×

( Phenyl halides
'

hybrid
-

sp
-

Halo benzene obs :

lp over ✗ is in
4N) e' §
conjugation with T1 of
benzene
ring
tb
✗
Resonance
-

SFC
E-
art
Note : Hzc=cµ
vinyl halide
- -

i'
- -

← -

8- .
Resonance
• Disubstituted aryl halides :
✗ ( F, Cl Br )
I

LG
, ,
↳ Hit

M ,
-

(reverse
I
,
-
It

+ M, + I ,
+ H
( Deactivating hyperconjugation
( activating groups) groups)
eg.ca , ;CFz

-9 -
Ct
•
↳ Hq :
↳ Hq I
104 \NHz ↳ Hq -9
(+1-9) (-11-9) KHz
" Ct
C- I,
-11T)
•
↳ Hgf I gotta
-

NO , \co0H "

(-1-9)
; GHAT
(-1^9) CHO

C- M)
Note : G → * ?

↳ Hit !! Dihalide ( aryl )

⑨ P.M)
( -
I > )
+ M

- Cl Br I
↳ 1+4 ↳ H¢ C6H4
-

-
c,
3 ' 5
Br Br
etc . - . -

Di -
Halides : -

Gem vicinal
dihah.de/sALkylidenels
•
- di halides .

Alkytenecs )
(d) halide Eli halide

• Terminal

• Non -
Terminal /internal
Germinal ( Genn) Halides :
Atkylidene Halides
Terminal Type :

Cltzclz I CHzchclzjcltzcltz.CH Clz

1, I
methylidene chloride
Ethylidene
n -

propylidene
Craethylene) Chloride chloride
Note : "
yCHzCl i F£cñ \ Benzylidene
(Benzyl
, ,
chloride, chloride
↳
-
(Benzol chloride)
e-
it
ii. ,
, Psénzaldehyde
£
Benzol = CHI
Non - Terminal ( Internat) :

C. I

Cltz d cltz
CH3
¥-1
=
-
-

di ,
91 Cltz
c- c- c- c
( lsopropylidene chloride)
di
1sec butylidene
-
chloride)

Note : CqHg Bra draw all

→
possible
isomers !! !
( gem Internal)
 Vicinal Halides :
Alkylene Halides :
I
'
? I
'

c -
c ✗ -
atoms on
/

£
'
atoms
adjacent
carbon
×

CHZCHZ chloride
°

di El
:
Ethylene

• CH } CH -412 :
Propylene chloride
di El

{
c- c- c- a

di di
& c- c- c-a

di E,
}
Tri -
Halides :

mainly in
gem
-

type :
Rcxz ⇐ =/ F)

CHCIZ : chloroform
CHBVZ :
Bromoform
CHIZ :
Iodoform

Note : Draw all possible structures with

M F
- :
Czltsclz (open chain only)

Note : Phcltzcl →
Phctlclz →
Phcctz
Benzo -
Trichloride
g ,

c- CI

di
Per - Halo alkanes :

when all H -
atoms in alkanes are

replaced by halogens . Cn ✗
an -12

Cclq etc
; Czclg ; Czclg -
.
.

GHG →
CGCIG ( Per -
halo benzene)

• Freons : Cfzcfz ; Cfzclz

F F

.
Teflon : 1- § -

Ein
F ¥
.

Polythene :

{ its
that -
𝓚𝓲𝓷𝓮𝓶𝓪𝓽𝓲𝓬𝓼

𝓜𝓸𝓽𝓲𝓸𝓷
𝓘𝓷
2𝓓

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