JADAVPUR UNIVERSITY

Faculty of Engineering & Technology

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
HYDRAULICS & FLUID MECHANICS LABORATORY

Name…SAUJATYA…MANDAL….Class…BMEIII……Section…A2…
………Roll……001811201060…………

EXPERIMENT: CHARACTERISTICS OF PIPE FLOW

OBSEVATION & RESULTS:

Internal diameter glass tube, D = 7mm;

Cross-sectional area of the pipe, A =…38.4845…mm2.
Distances between manometer tapings, L= 99cm; Temperature of water 300C
Density of water, ρ =…. 995.62kg/m3 ;
Kinematic viscosity of water ν (μ/ρ)= …8.0131*10-7…m2/s..

TABLE – 1: Calculation of Reynolds number

Amount of water Manometer
collected reading, hf
Ω
Flow rate, Q= T

(cm)
Avg. Velocity,

Appearance
of colored
V= (m/s)
hf = R−L

ρVD
jet
Time, T
Run no.

µ
Vol. Ω

(m3/s)

hf
L

𝑄
𝐴
(m3)
(ml)

Re=
i=
(s)

R
L

1 Straight line 15 20 1.3333E- 25.4 25.5 0.1

0.00002
06
0.001010 0.03464 302.655
2 Straight line 15 25 1.6667E- 25.4 25.6 0.2
0.000025
06
0.002020 0.04330 378.321
3 Straight line 15 36 25.3 25.6 0.3
0.000036 0.0000024 0.003030 0.06236 544.782
4 Straight line 15 50 3.3333E- 25.2 25.6 0.4
0.00005
06
0.004040 0.08661 756.642
5 Straight line 15 72 25.1 25.7 0.6
0.000072 0.0000048 0.006060 0.12472 1089.564
6 Wavy 15 88 5.8667E- 25.0 25.8 0.8
0.000088
06
0.008080 0.15244 1331.690
7 Wavy 15 96 24.9 25.9 1.0
0.000096 0.0000064 0.010101 0.16630 1452.752
8 Wavy 15 146 9.7333E- 24.6 26.0 1.4
0.000146
06
0.014141 0.25291 2209.395
9 Diffused 15 170 1.1333E- 24.5 26.1 1.6
0.00017
05
0.016161 0.29449 2572.583
 10 Diffused 15 250 1.6667E- 24.2 26.2 2.0
0.00025
05
0.020202 0.43307 3783.210
11 Diffused 15 290 1.9333E- 24.0 26.2 2.2
0.00029
05
0.022222 0.50236 4388.524
12 Diffused 15 315 23.9 26.4 2.5
0.000315 0.000021 0.025252 0.54567 4766.845
13 Diffused 15 350 2.3333E- 23.2 26.4 3.2
0.00035
05
0.032323 0.60630 5296.494
14 Diffused 15 410 2.7333E- 22.9 26.9 4.0
0.00041
05
0.040404 0.71024 6204.465

i= hf/l (laminar)
0
-1.6 -1.4 -1.2 -1 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0
-0.5

-1

y = 1.2908x - 1.0162
-1.5

-2

-2.5

-3

-3.5

Fig: log(i) (along y-axis) vs logV (along x-axis) for laminar region

i= hf/l (Turbulent)
0
-0.9 -0.8 -0.7 -0.6 -0.5 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0

-0.5

y = 0.9133x - 1.3213
-1

-1.5

-2

-2.5

Fig: log(i) (along y-axis) vs logV (along x-axis) for turbulent region

For i=kVn
In case of laminar region,
𝑛𝐿 = 1.291
In case of turbulent region,
𝑛 𝑇 = 0.913
Solving,
y = 1.2908x - 1.0162 --------- (i)
y = 0.9133x - 1.3213 ---------- (ii)

We get, 𝑥 = log 𝑉 = −0.8082

V=0.1555 m/s

Thus, 𝑅𝑒𝑐𝑟 = 1358.6

Flow rate, Q= (m3/s)

0.000006

0.000005
y = 0.0007x + 4E-07

0.000004

0.000003

0.000002

0.000001

0
0 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.004 0.005 0.006 0.007

Fig: i (along x-axis) vs Q(along y-axis) graph in laminar region

TABLE – 2: Calculation of coefficient of viscosity

Viscosity value Viscosity value
Noted i Noted Q (in from plot as from standard
from plot m3/s)from plot iγπD4
µ= table
128Q
0.003 0.0000025 0.00069068 0.0007978
 f= Re1/4 [for Turbulent
hf (m) [from Table 1]

f=Re [for Laminar

Re (from Table 1)
V (from Table 1)
Type of

f= L V2 [exp.]
D
L flow
Run No.

0.3164
D 2g

flow]
hf
D 2g
L V2

64

flow]
.
.
0.00 141.4 0.00865 0.1155729 0.2114
1 0.0346 302.65 Laminar
1 2 2 4 6
0.00 141.4 0.0433 0.1479333 0.1691
2 0.01351 378.32 Laminar
2 2 0 3 6
0.00 141.4 0.0623 0.1070119 0.1174
3 0.02803 544.78 Laminar
3 2 6 6 7
0.00 141.4 0.0739666 0.0845
4 0.0866 0.05407 756.64 Laminar
4 2 6 8
0.00 141.4 0.1247 0.0535059 1089.5 0.0587
5 0.11214 Laminar
6 2 2 8 6 3
0.00 141.4 0.1524 1331.6 0.0480 Transitio
6 0.16751 0.0477574 0.05237
8 2 4 9 5 n
141.4 0.1663 0.0501618 1452.7 0.0440 Transitio
7 0.01 0.19935 0.05124
2 0 6 5 5 n
0.01 141.4 0.2529 0.0303625 2209.3 0.0289 Transitio
8 0.46106 0.04614
4 2 1 6 9 6 n
0.01 141.4 0.2944 2572.5 Turbulen
9 0.62514 0.025594 0.04442
6 2 9 8 t
141.4 0.4330 0.0147933 3783.2 Turbulen
10 0.02 1.35196 0.04034
2 7 3 1 t
0.02 141.4 0.5023 0.0120932 4388.5 Turbulen
11 1.81919 0.03887
2 2 6 4 2 t
0.02 141.4 0.5456 0.0116475 4766.8 Turbulen
12 2.14637 0.03807
5 2 7 6 4 t
0.03 141.4 0.6063 0.0120761 5296.4 Turbulen
13 2.64984 0.03708
2 2 0 9 9 t
141.4 0.7102 6204.4 Turbulen
14 0.04 3.63623 0.0110004 0.03565
2 4 6 t
TABLE – 3: Calculation of friction factor (for Laminar and
Turbulent flow only)
 f (friction factor)=64/Re
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
-0.2

-0.4

-0.6

-0.8

-1

-1.2

-1.4

-1.6

Fig: logf (along y-axis) vs log(Re) (along x-axis) graph for laminar
region

f (friction factor)=0.3164/Re^0.25
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4

-0.5

-1

-1.5

-2

-2.5

Fig: logf ( along y-axis) vs log(Re) (along x-axis) graph for turbulent
region

Observation made by……SAUJATYA MANDAL……….

Class…BME III…………Section…A2…Roll…001811201060

Class Teacher……………………..Date…………………….