HANDOUT 4 TO READING THE IMAGE IN
ARTS
III.
INTRODUCTION:
kahit saan tayo tumingin ay nakakakita tayo ng
image or pictures sa mga billboard , print, poster at
ginagamitan ito ng ibat ibang medium or material
like oil pastel, film, watercolor, murals,
photographs, syempre hindi mawawala jan yung
ibat ibang techniques, process and technical
approaches to image making. Syempre yung pag
iinti natin ng visual work
kahit saan ka tumingin ay nakakakita ka ng ibat
ibang image or picture na hinahatid sa various
media.
Like mga image na nakikita natin sa mga billboard,
painting, drawing, illustration, print.
Understanding art reading representation the a
world, conveying complex of ideas in the form of
art and how the viewer see the art. Being expose to
different kind of art form can give
Semiotic approach dito mapapakita yung paggamit
ng ibat ibang materials, and idea
According to Guillermo there are 3 kind of images
produced in society
I. TRADITIONAL ART
They function to preserve the value and
belief system of the community in the
context of everyday life and Itong type na
art na kung saan hindi nag uundergo sa
photography para lalo mo maintindihan
kailangan mo muna malamna kung pano
inieexpress ng mga indigenous people ang
kailang art dahil gumagamit sila ng mga
symbols na related sa religion or rituals nila.
II. Image of print and tv media “ everyday life “
Sa image of everyday art makikita mo ito sa
ibat ibang media platform dahil nakikita ito
sa mga print at tv media katuad ng cartoon,
illustration, comics or ads. Ito yung art na
pinapakita kung pano o ano ung ginagawa at
kung ano yung priniromote nila gamit ang
media platform dahil ginagamit ng yung
platform ngayon para maexpress ng iba
yung life nila.
The contemporary art
Mga modern art na kung saan makikita mo
sa mga portray,sculture, drawing,
illustration, caartoon at pinapahiwatig din ito
sa iba;t iband media like acrylic, watercolor
at lahat na ito ay ginagamitan ng ibat ibang
techniques. Sa emglish language yung
contemporary arts at modern art ay
synonyms or makatulad pero sa arts
magkaiba ito kasi ginagamitan ito ng ibat
obang mediums. Sa contemporary art dit
inieexpress yung rality,feeling, values of
unique organization, sector.
Bawat visual art form ay meron sariling
technical standard of excellence sa pag
gamit ng sariling medium nito at mga
properties and techniques.
Pwede natin
Fact art has to do with analyzing the visible
work as a text conveying the complex of
METHOD OF EVALUATION AND
CRITICISM ABOUT THE SIMPLE
HISTORY OF THE ARTWORK
Ito yung mga kailagna mo ng tandan para
malan mo yung simple history or about dun
sa art
Title of the work “what’s the relation of the
name to the work?”
Name of artists
sino yung artist? Sino yung mga kaibigan
niya, anong generation siya naka belong?
Meron ba siyang mga records,diaries na
about sa art niya?
Medium and techniques
Dito kailangan malaman mo kung 2d or 3d
ba yung work
Is the medium academic or conventional, or
does it involve artistic choice to a greater
degree,as in mixed media or multimedia?
 For material and techniques are also convey
of meaning and not superficial or incidental
aspect.
DIMENSIONS OR MEASUREMENT
Two dimension are measured in length and
width: 3 dimension length, width and
volume.
DATE OF WORK:
What year was it complited? What year?
Because the work is view in the time of the
artist either early,middle or late period ng
carrier? What were the predominant issues,
concerns, and trends of the period? Does it
belong to a particular trend, school, or
environment? What does it contribute to art
history?:
PROVENANCE:
Dito naman naka indicate yung current
owner nung art piece or collector nun art,
meron mga art na ang may ari ay yung mga
museum,gallery, or private collector.
Understanding a work may involve a great
deal of research.
BASIC PREMISE 2 RELATED IN STUDY
OF ART.
HINDI KO GETS YAN
FOUR PLANE OF ANALYSIS
THE BASIC SEMIOTIC PLANE
The work of art is the iconic or pictorial
sign. A sign that consist of signifier “ its
material/physical aspect” and signified “
non- material aspect as concept and value.
The basic semiotic plane covers the
elements and the general technical and physical
aspects of the work with their semantic meaning
conveying potential. It includes
(1) visual elements
“ These refer to line, value, color,
texture, shape, composition in space,
movement and how they are used.”
(2) choice of medium and technique
“ the medium”
(3) format of the work and,
“ the format of the work participate in
its meaning “
(4) other physical properties and marks.
Notations, fragment, textural
The iconic or the image itself
Still part of semiotic approach
CONTEXTUAL PLANE
Here one proceeds from the basic semiotic
aniconic planes and the knowledge and
insights one has gained from these into the
social and historical contexts of the work art
EVALUATIVE PLANE
The evaluative plane has to do with
analyzing the values of a word.
. It is semiotic analysis involving the basic
semiotic plane , the iconic plane and the
contextual plane that shows how meaning is
produced through the inter-relationship of
the signifiers (material features) and
signified (concepts, values) in the unique
pictorial sign that is the work of art. At all
points, meaning is anchored in material
form
.
Thus, after the critic/viewer has gone
through the four planes – the semiotic, the
iconic, the contextual and the evaluative – it is
possible
to determine the semantic focus and parameters
of the work and from these project its horizons
of meaning, its boundaries and limitations, its
semantic implications and ideological
orientations, its conservative or transformative
tendencies with respect to human life and
society. The critic/viewer thus arrives at a more
focused understanding of the work of art which,
while it has a semantic core, has parameters that
are fluid and continually being expanded and
elaborated on in the ever-continuing dialogic
experience of art.
 BASIC PLAN IN VISUAL ARTS
Basic Plan in visual arts is commonly
used as a guide on envisioning the composition
and the pattern of an artwork.
PYRAMIDAL
The Pyramid Composition is one of the
most essential compositions in art and
pictures.
Here it follows a upright triangle shape
Pyramid compositions are regularly found in
nature mountain and pine tree
SYMMETRICAL
Symmetrical Plan is the most solid in a
visual experience and normally conveys an
experience of harmonious or aesthetically
beautiful proportionality. Symmetry is
possibly maximum acquainted as an artistic
concept than a math idea. Symmetry in art is
when the elements of a painting or drawing
balance every different out
TYPE OF SYMMETRY
There are three main types of symmetry
in visual arts:
Reflection” bilateral” symmetry is
mirroring a detail around a primary axis.
Reflective symmetry is when a shape
or pattern is reflected in a line of
symmetry or a mirror line.
Rotational” radial” Symmetry is the
rotation of elements around a common
center. Like mirrored image symmetry it
may arise at any perspective or frequency
so long as there’s a commonplace center
around which to rotate.
Translational Symmetry may be used to
create patterns, such as within the case of
tiled website backgrounds and repeating
layout elements. Translational Symmetry
may be used to create patterns, such as
within the case of tiled website
backgrounds and repeating layout
elements.
Vertical or Portrait Orientation is the
opposite of horizontal or landscape
orientation. Portraits are conventionally
vertical in their orientation. . It is often
used to emphasize the height of the art or
subject.
RADIAL
Radial balance is any type of balance
primarily based on a circle with its layout
extending from the middle.
TYPE OF RADIAL
Symmetrical radial
Classic radial design is symmetrical, with
elements situated equally around the
middle. Think of something like a clock
face: there's a valuable point where the
hands of the clock meet, digits encircling
this crucial point, and an equal range of
digits on either aspect of the center. This
same kind of radial layout is used in visual
art.
Asymmetrical radial
The symmetrical radial design makes for
regular, balanced visual material that can
be very pleasing to the eye. But artists
don't always want things to be balanced so
exactly. You could nevertheless use a
radial layout whilst organizing visual
material in an extra dynamic or dramatic,
asymmetrically balanced

HANDOUT 5 ITO
Principle of design
A. BALANCE
The types of balance
 Symmetrical balance
: the bilateral symmetry and radial
symmetry
 Asymmetrical balance “informal balance “
:Informal balance and good balance
:THE BILATERAL BALANCE
:RADIAL BALANCE
:Crystallographic balance “ mosaic balance”
B. EMPHASIS “ deals with the part of a design
that are
Emphasis mahalaga ito dahil tinutulungan
nito and mga viewer na makita ang
mahalagang parte nung visual design. At
Three stage of emphasis related to the weight of a
particular object within a composition:
● Dominant is the object with the most visual
weight.
● Sub-dominant is the object or element
of secondary emphasis.
● Subordinate is the object with the least
visual weight, which is usually the
background.
B. UNITY- –is created by using harmonious
similarity and repetition, continuance,
proximity, and alignment. It is the visual
linking of various elements of the work.
This allows the disparate elements and
principles to create a unified whole that can
be greater than the sum of its parts.
Unity describes the way in which the
different elements of a composition interact
with one another. It also refers to how well
the elements of a design work together.
Unity refers to how well the elements of
design work together.
3 thoery the most well known concept of this theory
 Closure is the idea that the brain tends to
fill in missing information when it perceives
an object is missing some of its pieces.
 Continuance is the idea that once you begin
looking in one direction, you will continue
to do so until something more significant
catches your attention.
 Similarity, Proximity and Alignment is
the idea that elements of similar size, shape
and color tend to be grouped together by the
brain.
D VARIETY
Variety is achieved when the art elements are
combined in various ways to increase visual
interest.
Variety referes to the difference in the works.
MOVEMENT
Movement is controlling the elements in a
composition so that the eye is led to move from one
to the next and the information is properly
communicated to your audience. The movement
create a story of the work this can be either an
actual motion or arrangement of part of the image.
The movement also use as a guideline for the
viewer
CONTRAST
This create space and difference between element in
the design. Contrast refers to the use of conflicting
element or color while still remaining harmonions
and unified when the artwork is viewed as a whole.
PATTERN
pattern ito yung mga design na paulit ulit na
Patterns are nothing more than a repetition of
multiple design elements working together. A
pattern can also set the stage for other design
element like contrast or emphasis
RHYTHM
The space between repeating element can cause a
sense of rhythm to form, similar to the way the
space
In visual art rhythm isa achieved by the regular or
harmonious recurrence of line, form, and colors
TYPE OF RHYTHM
Random rhythm “ paulit ulit na element na walng
sinusundan na patern. Repeating elements with no
specific regular interval creates random rhythms.
Yung motif niya ay inuulit mo lang hindi malinaw
na pagkakasunod
Regular rhythm “ dito sinusunod niya paulit ulit
yung na order, dito mas madaling makilala ng mga
viewer yung rhythm.
Alternative rhythm
Here you can more than 2 element in a design like
black and white
Progressive rhythm
Ito yung rhythm na magagawanatin kapag
pabagobago yung characteristic nung motif habnag
iniuulit.
Flowing rhythm ito yung paulit ulit na element
kasunod nung mga bend, kurba, at pag alon. ito
yung ginagamitan na mga bend curve
PRINCIPLE OF RHYTHM
Rhythm of repetition
Dito pwede itong magawa sa ibat ibang paraan
pwede sa kulay shape
Rhythm of gradation
Gradation of size and direction produce linear
perspective. Rhythm created by a gradual change in
size or color. Gradation of size and direction
produce linear perspective. Gradation of color from
warm to cool and tone from dark to light produce
aerial perspective.
Rhythm of radiation Rhythm created by identical
objects coming from a central axis. Tall Grasses
“radiate” from the center of the vase on this
bathroom vanity.
Rhythm By Opposition
Rhythm created by lines at right angles or
contrasting colors, contrasting black and white tiles
and the lines intersecting at right angles.
rhythm By Transition
Rhythm created by curved lines that carry your eye
across a straight surface. Windows treatments that
gently swag down, create a soft rhythm by
transition.
SCALE AND PROPORTION
Scale relates to the size of a design in relation to
the height and width of the area in which it is
placed.
Proportion is the visual size and weight of elements
in a composition and how they relate to each other
The purpose of the proportion principle is to create
a sense that has order between the elements used
and to have a visual construction; and it can occur
in two ways: Harmonious when the elements are in
proportion or Unbalanced when the disproportion is
forced.
Proportion is determined by a comparison of the
sizes of different parts of an object or of an
arrangement.
A comparison of size is made between the
 Height, width and depth of one element to
that of another
 Size of one area to the size of another area
 Size of one element to the size of another
element
 Amount of space between two or more
elements
The use of proportion is essential for creating
accurate images. Understanding and using
correct proportion in life drawing and portraits
allows an artist to create well-balanced, realistic
representations of the human form.
SPACE It refers to the distance between or within
the area around and within forms, shapes, colors
and lines. There are two types of space: positive
space and negative space.
As a designer, you use positive space to display the
most important elements of your design. On the
other hand, negative space which is sometimes
called “white space” is the space around objects.
POSITIVE SPACE: Positive space is the area or
part of the composition that an object or subject
occupies. It is usually the main focus of the
painting

NEGATICE SPACE can be tricky for designers

since it seems empty, but it’s actually helping to
create emphasis.
Negative space is the empty or open space that
surrounds the object. It helps identify the picture,
gives it some breathing space to prevent the
painting from being too crowded, and has a
significant effect on how the art piece is viewed.

HARMONY
Harmony is essential to beauty. There is harmony if
the various parts of the design will give an
appearance of belonging together. In other words,
there must be unity.
Harmony is the combination of similar and related
elements like line, shape, color, texture, value, and
form representing as a whole.