12 Aug 2022 PRACTICE TEST 22 – ESC 20

A. LISTENING (50 points)

Part 1. You are going to hear a talk which gives information about the congestion charging
scheme. While you listen, complete the notes below using NO MORE THAN THREE
WORDS AND/OR a number for each answer.
When it applies
Monday-Friday, from 7 a.m until (1) _______ p.m.
How much it costs
standard: £8
payment after 10 p.m.: (2) £ _______
after midnight: (3) __________
How to pay
by telephone
by (4) _________
on the Internet
at one of (5) _________ Pay Points in the zone
Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Part 2: You will hear an interview with Kip Keino, a Kenyan Olympic athlete. For each of
the following questions, choose the option which fits best to what you hear.
1. African runners ____________
A. have won all the middle distance competitions recently.
B. have learned a lot from successful British runners.
C. have dominated some running events over the last 25 years.
D. beat the British world record holders in Athens.

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 2. The farm ____________
A. brings in substantial profits.
B. acts as an orphanage.
C. is in the town of Eldoret.
D. has stopped him from running for a living.
3. Kip seems to be __________
A. nervous B. pessimistic C. grateful D. compassionate
4. The children ________
A. are encouraged to leave the farm when they finish school.
B. often have a difficult time at the farm.
C. are expected to get a good job.
D. are free to do as they like after high school.
5. The farm is __________
A. developing a new project.
B. going to be transformed into a school.
C. going to be totally funded by donors in the future.
D. funded mainly by the church.
Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Part 3. You will hear a dialogue between two friends. As you listen, indicate whether the
following statements are true or not by writing
T for a statement which is true;
F for a statement which is false
? if there is insufficient information
____ 1. Now some people still take a risk when the police officer is away on Newland Street.
____ 2. The police officer there doesn’t get any pay for the work.
____ 3. Officer Springirth is a real man and he is a volunteer there.

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____ 4. Officer Springirth helps the police to reduce the crime rate in Chase Village.
____ 5 . The police department will put more mannequins on other roads.
Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Part 4. You will hear a radio programme about the history of roller skating. For questions 1-
10, complete the sentences using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS.
History of roller skating
The country where the first roller skates were probably made was (1) __________
In 1760, John Merlin went to a ball in London playing a (2) _________________ whilst on
roller skates.
Unfortunately, John Merlin injured himself when he broke a (3) ______________ at the ball.
In Germany, roller skating was used in a ballet called (4) __________________
James Plimpton’s invention helped roller skaters to control the (5) ___________ of their skates.
The first team sport to be played on roller skates was (6) _________________
In Detroit in 1937, the first (7) __________________________ in the sport took place.
The use of plastics meant that both the (8) ______________ and _____________ of roller
skates improved.
The musical “Starlight Express” was seen by as many as (9) _______________ in London.
The speaker says that modern roller skates are now (10) ______ and ______ than ever before.
Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

B. LEXICO-GRAMMAR (50 points)

Part 1. Choose the best option A, B, C, or D to complete the following sentences and write
your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes.
1. A __________ in a jewel makes it less valuable.

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 A. fragment B. facet C. flaw D. fault
2. You need to __________ experience before you can be considered for promotion.
A. collect B. earn C. win D. gain
3. These shoes are a bit too tight for __________.
A. ease B. comfort C. wearing D. relief
4. Having spotted the burglar behind the curtain, I was scared __________.
A. frozen B. stiff C. still D. hard
5. I think he’s an idiot. __________, he’s not very intelligent.
A. Having my say B. Say so C. That is to say D. To say nothing
6. Miriam left her husband after a __________ row.
A. blazing B. burning C. hot D. heavy
7. I don’t like the building. Now as __________ the neighborhood, I do have concerns.
A. about B. to C. regards D. well
8. Thanks for having me! I’ve had __________ with you guys.
A. so fun B. such fun C. good time D. so good time
9. I didn’t __________ to see Allen when I was in New York.
A. take B. time C. meet D. get
10. Don’t be anxious. Tim will arrive in __________ time.
A. right B. proper C. exact D. due
11. My father __ when he found out that I’d damaged the car.
A. hit the roof B. saw pink elephants
C. made my blood boil D. brought the house down
12. My grandfather was never __________ apologize to anyone.
A. had to B. known for C. heard to D. believed in
13. Your husband was a bit out of control at the party, to __________ mildly.
A. take it B. put it C. say D. tell
14. __________of the financial crisis, all they could do was hold on and hope that things would
improve.

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 A. On the top B. In the end C. At the bottom D. At the height
15. When I got my case back, it had been damaged __________repair.
A. further B. beyond C. above D. over
16. Last night, Harry had a __________ party with his male friends before getting married.
A. hen B. giraffe C. crocodile D. stag
17. The country's wealth comes chiefly from its many __________.
A. herds of cattle B. packs of cattle C. crowds of cattle D. schools of cattle
18. We did our best to fix the broken computer, but our efforts bore no __________.
A. success B. luck C. fruit D. end
19. He who __________ is a fool for five minutes, but he who does not remains a fool forever.
A. asks B. prays C. learns D. hopes
20. There are a lot of computer programmers nowadays, but really good ones are few and far
___.
A. amongst B. apart C. away D. between
Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
11. 12. 13. 14. 15.
16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
Part 2. In most lines of the following text there is an incorrect item. Read the numbered
lines 0-10 and then write the correct form of the word in the spaces provided for your
answers. Some lines are correct. Indicate these lines with a tick (√). The first one has been
done for you.
The latest, most comfortable credit card is the Europersonal Loan card, 0. convenient
with who you can increase your spending power by up to $20,000. This 1. ................
can be lent at low interest rates and with a minimum of complicated 2. ................
red-tape. Major purchases can be done with the freedom this card 3. ................
provides. In addition, the card can be used to act with unexpected 4. ................

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 emergencies. The bank requires some form of proof that the customer 5. ................
will be able to repay some money borrowed. A previous bank or building 6. ................
society statement will serve this reason. Provided the loan is repaid 7. ................
within three months, the interest rate will be only 2%. Moreover, in the 8. ................
event of this time limit expiring, the rate will increase at 3,5%. The 9. ................
Europersonal Loan card is a secure, easy way to srtetch your budget. 10. ..............
Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Part 3. Fill in each gap in the following sentences with suitable particle(s).
1. The deal is more than we have bargained ______.

2. My teacher says that I need to brush ______ my English.

3. We won't rule ______ the possibility of getting help from Shevy.

4. Margaret and Mary broke ______ after an intense quarrel.

5. He takes ______ his grandfather, with the same broad forehead.

6. I did not hold ______ any details but revealed everything to the principal.

7. Let us lay ______ our differences and solve the problem first.

8. After answering all the questions, you should go ______ them to check for careless

mistakes.
9. One of the most fundamental rules of the game is never take your eye ______ the ball.

10. "It all boils ______ you. Are you willing to give the relationship another shot?" asked Todd.

Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Part 4. Write the correct form of the words given in capital. Write your answers in the spaces
provided below.

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 DO STATISTICS TELL THE WHOLE STORY?

Once (1)______ regarded as reflecting the level of crime in CONFIDENCE

society, criminal statistics are now interpreted with caution. Such statistics
are based only on (2) ____offences which have been reported and NOTIFY
recorded. But not all of these are reported by the public, so there are (3) ACCURATE
____ in what is actually recorded. It has been suggested that routinely
compiled statistics seriously under-record some types of crime such as (4) VANDAL
_____, petty theft and domestic violence.
The (5)____ of a court case, and whether a conviction is actually COME
recorded or not, also depends on a complex mix of ingredients. And
changes in police (6)_____ or even simple human (7)_____ can PROCEED
sometimes means no record is made of a crime. ERR
Some would argue, therefore, that the criminal statistics we have
are less a picture of the (8)________ of crime than an indication of what INCIDENT
the authorities actually find it (9)________ to police, and also a reflection MANAGE
of the kinds of offences that tend to end up in court and result in
convictions. Nevertheless, after a period of criticism and (10) ________, CERTAIN
the use of criminal statistics has been regaining broad acceptance.
Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

C. READING (60 points)

Part 1. Read the following passage and decide which answer (A, B, C, or D) best fits each
gap. Write your answers in corresponding numbered boxes.

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 Many separate fires (1) ______ in the humus of the forest floor. Smoke sometimes (2)
______ the sun, which was often visible only at midday. On September 30, flames came within
three miles of the town of Green Bay, (3) ______ 1,200 cords of wood stored at a charcoal kiln.
The settlements in the area were becoming increasingly (4) ______ from both the outside
world and one another as railroad and telegraph lines burned. The fires seemed to wax and
wane, (5) ______ on the wind and chance. On September 30 the Marinette and Peshtigo Eagle
reported hopefully that “the fires have nearly (6) ______ now in this vincinity”.
But the paper was wrong, and the fires were growing. By October 4, the smoke was so
thick on Green Bay that ships had to use their foghorns and (7) ______ by compass. On October
7, the paper, reduced to looking for any scrap of good news, noted that at least the smoke had
greatly reduced the mosquito population and that “a certain establishment down on the bay
shore that has been (8) ______ to the respectable citizens” had burned.
The paper’s editor, (9) ______ by the burning of the telegraph line, could not know it, but
a large, deep low-pressure area was moving in from the west. The winds circling it would turn
the smoldering forest of northestern Winconsin into (10) ______ on earth.
1. A. extinguished B. engulfed C. spread D. smoldered
2. A. obscured B. burnt C. illuminated D. exposed
3. A. damaging B. consuming C. avoiding D. licking
4. A. frightened B. lonely C. isolated D. inundated
5. A. depending B. independent C. waiting D. from
6. A. increased B. died out C. flared D. diminished
7. A. steer B. drive C. guess D. navigate
8. A. frequented B. obnoxious C. open D. ignorant
9. A. cut-off B. burnt C. dismissed D. chased
10. A. peace B. heaven C. hell D. paradise
Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

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Part 2. Read the following text and fill in the blank with ONE suitable word. Write your
answers in corresponding numbered boxes.
THE TROUBLE WITH SCHOOL

In the first few years at school all appears to (1) _______ very well. There is much
concern, (2) _______ the part of the teachers, with high educational standards, and the children,
even (3) _______ who are far from being privileged in other ways, seem eager and happy.
However, by the time the children (4) _______ adolescence, the promise of the early years
frequently remains unfulfilled. Many leave school (5) _______ having mastered those basic
skills which society demands, let (6) _______ having developed the ability to exercise any sort
of creative intelligence.
There is no denying that, in spite of the enlightened concern of our primary schools with
happiness, schooling (7) _______ or other turns into a distinctly unhappy experience for many
of our children. Large numbers of them emerge from it well aware that they are ill-equipped life
in our society. So then they either regard (8) _______ as stupid for failing or else, quite
understandably, they regard the activities at which they have failed as stupid. In any event they
want no (9) _______ of them. How can we justify a long (10) _______ of compulsory
education which ends like that?
Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Part 3. Read the following passage and choose the correct answer to each of the following
questions. Write your answers in corresponding numbered boxes.
The Alaska pipeline starts at the frozen edge of the Arctic Ocean. It stretches southward
across the largest and northernmost state in the United States, ending at a remote ice-free

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seaport village nearly 800 miles from where it begins. It is massive in size and extremely
complicated to operate.
The steel pipe crosses windswept plains and endless miles of delicate tundra that tops the
frozen ground. It weaves through crooked canyons, climbs sheer mountains, plunges over rocky
crags, makes its way through thick forests, and passes over or under hundreds of rivers and
streams. The pipe is 4 feet in diameter, and up to 2 million barrels (or 84 million gallons) of crude
oil can be pumped through it daily.
Resting on H-shaped steel racks called "bents," long sections of the pipeline follow a
zigzag course high above the frozen earth. Other long sections drop out of sight beneath spongy
or rocky ground and return to the surface later on. The pattern of the pipeline's up-and-down
route is determined by the often harsh demands of the arctic and subarctic climate, the tortuous
lay of the land, and the varied compositions of soil, rock, or permafrost (permanently frozen
ground). A little more than half of the pipeline is elevated above the ground. The remainder is
buried anywhere from 3 to 12 feet, depending largely upon the type of terrain and the properties
of the soil.
One of the largest in the world, the pipeline cost approximately $8 billion and is by far the
biggest and most expensive construction project ever undertaken by private industry. In fact, no
single business could raise that much money, so eight major oil companies formed a consortium
in order to share the costs. Each company controlled oil rights to particular shares of land in the
oil fields and paid into the pipeline-construction fund according to the size of its holdings. Today,
despite enormous problems of climate, supply shortages, equipment breakdowns, labor
disagreements, treacherous terrain, a certain amount of mismanagement, and even theft, the
Alaska pipeline has been completed and is operating.

1. The passage primarily discusses the pipeline's _______.

      A. operating costs      B. employees      C. consumers      D. construction
2. The word "it" in bold refers to _______.
      A. pipeline B. ocean      C. state      D. village

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3. According to the passage, 84 million gallons of oil can travel through the pipeline each ____.
     A. day     B. week     C. month D. year
4. The phrase "Resting on" in bold is closest in meaning to _______.
     A. consisting of     B. supported by  C. passing under D. protected with
5. The author mentions all of the following as important in determining the pipeline's route
EXCEPT the________.
     A. lay of the land itself     B. climate     C. local vegetation     D. kind of
soil and rock
6. The word "undertaken" in bold is closest in meaning to _______.
     A. removed     B. selected  C. transported     D. attempted
7. How many companies shared the costs of constructing the pipeline?
     A. Three     B. Four     C. Eight     D. Twelve
8. The word "particular" in bold is closest in meaning to _______.
     A. peculiar     B. specific     C. exceptional     D. equal
9. Which of the following determined what percentage of the construction costs each member
of the consortium would pay?
     A. How much oil field land each company owned.
     B. How long each company had owned land in the oil fields.
     C. How many people worked for each company.
     D. How many oil wells were located on the company's land.
10. Which word in the passage does the author provide as a term for an earth covering that
always remains frozen?
     A. plain     B. tundra C. permafrost     D. terrain

Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

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Part 4. Read the passage and choose the most suitable headings for sections A, B, C and D
from the list of headings below.
List of Headings
i. Amazonia as unable to sustain complex societies
ii. The role of recent technology in ecological research in Amazonia
iii. The hostility of the indigenous population to North America influences
iv. Recent evidence
v. Early research among the Indian Amazons
vi. The influence of prehistoric inhabitants on Amazonian natural history.
vii. The great difficulty of changing local attitudes and practices.

1. Section A: _________
2. Section B__________
3. Section C: _________
4. Section D: _________

Secret of the Forest

A. In 1942 Allan R Holmberg, a doctoral student in anthropology from Yale University,
USA ventured deep into the jungle of Bolivian Amazonia and searched out an isolated
band of Sirino Indians. The Siriono, Holmberg later wrote, led a “strikingly backward”
existence. Their villages were little more than clusters of thatched huts. Life itself was a
perpetual and punishing search for food: some families grew manioc and other starchy
crops in small garden plots cleared from the forest, while other members of the tribe
scoured the country for small game and promising fish holes. When local resources
became depleted, the tribe moved on. As for technology, Holmberg noted, the Sirino
“may be classified among the most handicapped peoples of the world”. Other than bows,
arrowa and crude digging sticks, the only tools the Sirino seemed to possess were “ two
machetes worn to the size of pocket knives".

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B. Although the lives of the Sirino have changed in the intervening decades, the image of
them as Stone Age relics has endured. In deed, in many respects the Sirino epitomize the
popular conception of life in Amazonia. To casual observers, as well as to influential
natural scientists and regional planners, the luxuriant forests of Amazonia seem ageless,
unconquerable, a habitat totally hostile to human civilization. The apparent simplicity of
Indian ways of life has been judged an evolutionary adaptation to forest ecology, living
proof that Amazonia could not- and cannot- sustain a more complex society.
Archaeological traces of far more elaborate cultures have been dismissed as the ruins of
invaders from outside the region, abandoned to decay in the uncompromising tropical
environment.
C. The popular conception of Amazonia and its native residents would be enormously
consequential if it were true. But the human history of Amazonia in the past 11,000 years
betrays that view as myth. Evidence gathered in recent years from anthropology and
archeology indicates that the region has supported a series of indigenous cultures for
eleven thousand years; an extensive network of complex societies- some with populations
perhaps as large as 100,000- thrived there for more than 1,000 years before the arrival of
Europeans. (Indeed, some contemporary tribes, including the Sirino, still live among the
earthworks of earlier cultures). Far from being evolutionarily retarded, prehistoric
Amazonian people developed technologies and cultures that were advanced for their
time. If the lives of Indians today seem “primitive”, the appearance is not the result of
some environmental adaptation or ecological barrier; rather it is a comparatively recent
adaptation to centuries of economic and political pressure. Investigators who argue
otherwise have unwittingly projected the present onto the past.
D. The evidence for a revised view of Amazonia will take many people by surprise.
Ecologists have assumed that tropical ecosystems were shaped entirely by natural forces
and they have focused their research on habitats they believe have escaped human
influences. But as the University of Florida ecologists, Peter Feinsinger, has noted, an
approach that leaves people out of the equation is no longer tenable. The archeological

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 evidence shows that the natural history of Amazonia is to a surprising extent tied to the
activities of its prehistoric inhabitants.
E. The realization comes none too soon. In June 1992 political and environmental leaders
from across the world met in Rio de Janeiro to discuss how developing countries can
advance their economies without destroying their natural resources. The challenge is
especially difficult in Amazonia. Because the tropical forest has been depicted as
ecologically unfit for large-scale human occupation, some environmentalists have
opposed development of any kind. Ironically, some major casualty of that extreme
position has been the environment itself. While policy makers struggle to define and
implement appropriate legislation, development of the most destructive kind has
continued space over vas areas.
F. The other major casualty of the “naturalism” of environmental scientists has been the
indigenous Amazonians, whose habits of hunting, fishing and slash-and-burn cultivation
often have been represented as harmful to the habitat. In the clash between
environmentalists and developers, the Indians, whose presence is in fact crucial to the
survival of the forest, have suffered the most. The new understanding of the pre-history
of Amazonia, however, points toward a middle ground. Archeology makes clear that with
judicious management selected parts of the region could support more people than
anyone thought before. The long buried past, it seems, offers hope for the future.

Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in the passage?
YES if the statement agrees with the view of the writer
NO if the statement contradicts the view of the writer
NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer think about this.

5. The reason for the simplicity of the Indian way of life is that Amazonia has always been
unable to support a more complex society.
6. There is a crucial popular misconception about the human history of Amazonia.

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 7. There are lessons to be learned from similar ecosystems in other parts of the world.
8. Most ecologists were aware that the areas of Amazonia they were working in had been
shaped by human settlement
9. The indigenous Amazonian Indians are necessary to the well- being of the forest
10.It would be possible for certain parts of Amazonia to support a higher population
Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

D. WRITING (40 points)

Part 1. Rewrite the following sentences without changing their meaning, using the words
given. These words must not be changed in any way.
1. There is no way you are going to persuade me not to go on holiday with her. (TALK)
2. Because it was late, I had to walk home in the end. ENDED
3. They accused Jimmy of stealing the money. (PUT)
4. She can’t remember meeting you before. (RECOLLECTION)
5. A notorious mass-murder is on the run from prison. (LARGE)

Part 2. Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means exactly the same
as the sentence printed before it.
1. It was careless of you to leave without locking the door.
You ought ________________________________________________.

2. The organization is supported by the government for most of its income.

The organization depends ___________________________________.
3. The last political scandal of this kind took place fifty years ago.
There hasn’t ______________________________________________.
4. You’re so lazy, you don’t deserve to pass your exams next month.

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 You’re so lazy, it will serve ___________________________________.
5. Because of the lack of cooperation, he decided to leave the project unfinished.
He chose to _______________________________________________.

Part 3. Paragraph writing

Do you agree or disagree with the opinion that social media has negative impact on teenagers’
lives?
END OF THE TEST

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