ASNT Q&A Book HM Mass Spectrometer Testing Method May09

tions I
swers
Levels I, II and III
Mass Spectrometer
Testing Method
Supplement to
Recommended Practice
No. SNT-TC-lA
Book HM The American Society
for Nondestructive Testing, Inc.
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This publication contains suggested questions and answers in the Mass Spectrometer Testing Method for use in conjunction with
Recommended Practice No. SNT- TC-1 A for Personnel Qualification and Certification in Nondestructive Testing. Recommended Practice
No. SNT-TC-IA is available from ASNT.
Published by
The American Society for Nondestructive Testing, Inc.
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PO Box 28518
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Copyright© 1996 by The American Society for Nondestructive Testing, Inc. ASNT is not responsible for the authenticity or accuracy of
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ISBN-13: 978-0-931403-40-8
Printed in the United States of America.
first printing 03/96

second printing 02/97
third printing 1!10 I
fourth printing 12/05
fifth printing 01/08
sixth printing 05/09
Table of Contents
References 5
Reference Usage List 6
Level I 7
Questions 7
Answers 15
Level II 17
Questions 17
Answers 25
Level III 27
Questions 27
Answers 39
Sample Specification 41
Sample Specification Attachment 47
Sample Specification Questions 49
Sample Specification Answers 51
3
Recommended Training References
Mass Spectrometer Testing Method
A. Leak Detection Manual992249-0017. DuPont.
B. Operation and Maintenance Manual Type 24-120B, Leak Detector 992231-0017. DuPont.
C. Vapor Emission Detection Course No. C690. Martin-Marietta.
D. Nondestructive Testing- A Survey, NASA SP-5113. National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
E.* Metals Handbook, eighth edition, Nondestructive Inspection and Quality Control, Volume 11. Metals Park,
OH: American Society for Metals. 1976.
F.* Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Volume 03.03, Nondestructive Testing. "Standard Terminology for
Nondestructive Examinations," Standard ASTM E 1316. Philadelphia, PA: American Society for Testing and
Materials. Latest edition.
G,* Annual Book 9f ASTM Standards, Volume 03.03, Nondestructive Testing. "Standard Guide for Selection of a
Leak Testing Method," Standard ASTM E 432. Philadelphia, PA: American Society for Testing and
Materials. Latest edition.
H. Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 46th Ed. The Chemical Rubber Co. 1966.
I. Leakage Testing Handbook, revised edition. Prepared by General Electric and NASA under contracts
CR-952, NAS 7-396, and NASA CR 06139. NASA Report #N69-38843 is available from NTIS, Springfield,
VA, as report #IST-295. U.S. Department of Commerce, National Technical Information Service (NTIS).
1969.
J. Introduction to Helium Mass Spectrometer Leak Detection. Varian Associates, Inc. 1980.
K. Introduction lO Vacuum and Leak Detection. Vecco Instruments, Inc. 1980.
L.* McMaster, R. C., ed. Nondestructive Testing Handbook, second edition: Volume I, Leak Testing, Sections 1,
2, 3, 5, 6, 8, and 9. Columbus, OH: The American Society for Nondestructive Testing. 1982.
M. Mass Spectrometer Leak Test Station Operation and Maintenance Manual for Models MS-17A, AB, ABC and
AM. Veeco Instruments, Inc.
N. Guthrie, Andrew. Vacuum Technology. Second Printing, Aprill965. New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
0. Instruction Manual for Model 936-40 Porta-Test Leak Detector. Varian-Lexington Vacuum Division.
P. Arons, A. B. Development of Concepts of Physics. Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., Inc. 1965.

*Available from The American Society for Nondestructive Testing, Inc.
Each question found jn this book contains letter(s) and page number(s) in bold type immediately following the answers. For example,
35. The evacuation of the test object to the point at which its
volume can be exposed to a mass spectrometer leak detector
system is called the:
a. diffusion cycle
b. vacuum cycle
c. roughing cycle
d. pressurizing cycle
In this example, the letter "J" refers to Reference J in the list provided above and "29" is the specific page in Reference J where the
answer to the question can be found.
5
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Reference Usage List

Reference A: Total = 56 Reference 1: Total = 31
Level I (19) Level I (1)
Level II (15) Level II (9)
Level III (22) Level III (21)
Reference B: Total= 16 Reference J: Total= 61

Reference C: Total = 31 Reference K: Total = 70

ReferenceD: Total = 6 Reference L: Total = 192

Reference E: Total = 7 Reference M: Total = 47

Reference F: Total = 36 Reference N: Total= 63

Reference G: Total = 11 Reference 0: Total= 8

Reference H: Total = 12 Reference P: Total = 7

6
Level I Questions
1. A vapor is best defined as: 6. As the required sensitivity of a leak test increases, the
cost of the test:
a. water in a test system
b. a substance which, though present in the gaseous a. decreases
phase, exists as a liquid at room temperature b. remains constant
c. a substance in the gaseous state whose temperature c. increases
is above its critical temperature d. decreases exponentially
d. a substance in the liquid state whose temperature is G.4; L.l2
below its critical temperature
H; J.102; K.14; L.34, 62; M.14 7. Which of the following can be considered a major
class of mass spectrometer leak testing?
2. Gage pressure is:
a. static test
a. the harmonic pressure within a gage b. dynamic test
b. atmospheric pressure plus absolute pressure c. both a and b
c. the difference between absolute and atmospheric d. none of the above
pressure G; L.14, 44-50
d. a sum of the partial pressures of air at standard
temperature and pressure 8. Outgassing is defined as:
J.103; L.192; N.85
a. the removing of the free gas from a system
3. All leak testing methods are dependent upon: b. the spontaneous evolution of gas from a material in
a vacuum
a. barometric pressure c. the spontaneous conversion of a gas to a liquid
b. gas or liquid flow d. removing the vacuum
c. mass spectrometer analysis A.l-3; F; J.108; N.68
d. mean free paths of helium flow
L.S-6 9. Vacuum bake-out is defined as the:
4. A type of virtual leak caused by the slow release of a. heating of a system to remove water vapor
absorbed or entrapped tracer gas in a helium mass b. degassing of a vacuum system by heating
spectrometer vacuum system is a: c. use of a halide torch to boil off liquids in the
system
a. hang-up d. heating ofliquid nitrogen in the cold trap by
b. condenser condensable vapors
c. getter F; L.333; N.441
d. molecular leak
A.l-2; F 10. A material that is included in a vacuum system for
removing gas by absorption is called:
5. The sensitivity of a mass spectrometer leak detector
system is the mass flow rate of tracer gas: a. a getter
b. a collector
a. that gives a maximum measurable signal c. an orifice
b. that gives a minimum measurable signal d. a molecularizer
c. at standard temperature and pressure N.117-118
d. in a leak
A.l-4; F; L.445
7
Mass Spectrometer Testing Method, Levell
11. The diffusion pump and mechanical forepump in a 17. In vacuum systems, a mechanical pump is used in a
mass spectrometer leak detector system: series with the diffusion pump because the:
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a. use the same type of oil a. mechanical pump achieves a lower pressure
b. use different types of oil b. diffusion pump uses fractionating oil
c. operate using the same motor c. diffusion pump will not discharge against
d. use the same principal of operation atmospheric pressure
B.l-3; L.327-329, 539; M.14, 64 d_ mechanical pump handles condensable vapors
I. 7-4; L.538; M.14; N.lOO
12. The warm-up period for diffusion pumps:
18. When the high vacuum section of a helium mass
a. is instantaneous spectrometer is diffusion pumped, the leak detector's
b. takes 20-30 minutes forepump belt breaks while the instrument is in
c. is after the system is below 133 Pa (1 mm Hg) operation and unattended. Which of the following is
d. is not required true?
C.9; L.539; M.30, 35; 0.3-4
a. no damage will occur since the automatic
13 _ When calibrating a helium mass spectrometer protection system will be activated
instrument to determine the instrument sensitivity, b. the vacuum system will stay at low vacuum as long
which one of the following statements is not true? as the cold trap remains filled
c_ backstreaming of the diffusion pump oil vapors
a. the filament must be "ON" will occur, contaminating the system
b. the instrument must be connected to the system d_ the system will continue to function properly as
being tested long as the diffusion pump is operating
c. the standard leak valve must be connected to the C.9
test port of the instrument
d. the standard leak valve must be open 19. 300 psig is approximately equal to:
B.4-ll; M.35-36; N.476-477
a_ 101 kPa (I atmosphere of pressure)
14. The condition of the oil in the forepump of a vacuum b_ 40 kPa (300 mm Hg)
system is important because: c_ 2.1 MPa (21 atmospheres of pressure)
d. none of the above
a. the pump will not be lubricated properly C.97; L.l91·193; N.S
b. the limiting forepressure of the diffusion pump may
be exceeded 20. In the normal sequence of starting up a mass
c. the water introduced will rust the pump internals spectrometer leak detector unit with a mechanical
d_ all of the above forepump and diffusion pump, what is the start-up
B.6-11 sequence?
15. The helium mass spectrometer detector probe pressure a_ the diffusion pump is started first
test technique is: b_ the mechanical pump is started first
c_ both pumps are started simultaneously
a. a quantitative test d. the starting sequence is not important
b. a qualitative test B.4-5; J.26; L.539; M.34-35
c. a semiautomatic test
d. none of the above 21. Increasing the length of a tube connecting the mass
J.lO; L.385, 484 spectrometer leak detector to an evacuated test object
may:
16. When performing a tracer probe mass spectrometer
vacuum test, it is desirable to: a. cause a decrease in the system's response time
b. cause an increase in the system's response time
a_ pressure test the system first c. have no effect on the system's response time
b. have a slight draft blowing across the surface of the d_ none of the above
test object to distribute the tracer gas evenly A.2-12; J; K.137; L.80, 453,502
c. perform the test in a still air environment
d. rotate the vessel constantly during the test
C.28; L.452; N.487, item 6
8
Mass Spectrometer Testing Method, Level I
22. When vacuum testing large volumes with a mass 27. It is desirable for a system being helium mass
spectrometer leak detector, the response and cleanup spectrometer leak tested to have:
times depend on:
a. a long response time
a. the volnme of the system under test b. a short response time
b. the conductance of the connecting tubes c. a fluctuating time constant
c. the pumping speed of the mass spectrometer leak d. none of the above
detector unit A.3-12; E.269; L.48-49; N.478
d. all of the above
A.2-12; L.452-453, 461; N.479, 482 28. When performing a helium mass spectrometer
detector probe test, the scanning should be conducted
23. Operating the mass spectrometer tube at a pressure in a sequence from the:
greater than that recommended by the manufacturer is
undesirable because: a. highest to the lowest areas in the system
b. farthest to the nearest areas from the instrument
a. too many electrons will be produced c. most difficult to the easiest areas to test
b. the spectrometer filament may bum out d. lowest to the highest areas in the system
prematurely L.488
c. the diffusion pump cannot handle it without wear
d. the pressure relay switches will arc 29. When using the mass spectrometer leak detector probe
A.2-10; L.523; M.18 test technique, it is:
24. When connecting an auxiliary vacuum pump system a. difficult to detect small leaks that are close to large
to a test vessel, the plumbing lines should be kept as leaks ·
short as possible because the: b. impossible to segregate leaks
c. desirable to have a draft blowing across the test
a. outgassing effect will be reduced surface
b. conductance of the system is inversely proportional d. simple to accurately size detected leaks
to the length of the tubing A.3-10; L.479, 488
c. leak detector should be as close to the test system
as possible 30. A vessel designed to hold liquid nitrogen when
d. pumps will run smoother inserted into a vacuum system is called a:
A.2-12; C.12; L.324
a. belljar
25. The minimum leakage detectable in a helium mass b. cold cathode tube
spectrometer leak testing system changes when a c. cold trap
continuous parallel vacuum auxiliary pump is used d. condenser
according to the: A.3-10; J.29; K.56; L.330, 447, 529, 540; N.134-136;
0.133-135
a. position of the pump in the system
b. ratio of the throughput of the auxiliary pump to that 31. A vacuum pump using a vapor jet as the pumping
of the leak detector means is called a:
c. design of the cold trap
d. type of throttle valve used a. mechanical vacuum pump
C.28; L.450, 464 b. cold trap
c. diffusion pump
26. The accumulation technique of helium mass d. fission pump
spectrometer leak testing is: A.1-1; J.l01; K.52; L.328-329, 538-539
a. a semiquantitative test 32. The percentage of helium in air is approximately:

b. a static quantitative test
c. a qualitative test a. the same as nitrogen
d. both b and c b. 0.0004%
A.3-1; L.442, 481-483; N.484 C. 1%
d. 21%
A.1-1; K.115; L.67, 448,509
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33. The area to be leak tested must be free of: 39. Background signal in mass spectrometer leak detector
testing refers to:
a. oil
b. grease a. an output signal of the mass spectrometer leak
c. paint detector caused by aoy reason other thao leakage
d. all of the above b. noise level above 70 dB through the detector
C.34; L.455, 458, 462, 466, 487 c. signal created by the mechanical forepump
d. noise created by stressing the part in pressure
34. Tracer gas ions in a helium mass spectrometer leak testing
detector are separated from the remainder of the ion B.4-14; L.512, 534
beam by the:
40. Which of the following is the best definition of the
a. ion collector tern1 "torr"?
b. magnetic field
c. hot tungsten filament a. 133 Pa (1 mm Hg)
d. cold trap b. 1 atmosphere
E.264; L.509-511, 513, 517; M.13 c. 760mmHg
d. 101 kPa (14.7 psig)
35. The evacuation of the test object to the point at which F; L.8,192; N.S
its volume can be exposed to a mass spectrometer leak
detector system is called the: 41. When dynamic mass spectrometer vacuum testing:
a. diffusion cycle a. the system analyzes collected samples

b. vacuum cycle b. the system is in motion
c. roughing cycle c. the system is being continually pumped
d. pressurizing cycle d. none of the above
J.29 A.1-13; F; L.443, 446; N.26
36. The gage that is used to monitor the pressure in the 42. The cold cathode pressure gage can be damaged by:
high vacuum section of a mass spectrometer leak
detector is called a: a. ao extended time at pressure below 0.01 ~m
b. an extended time at pressure below 0.02 ~m
a. cold-cathode discharge gage c. a high output meter reading
b. Bourdon pressure-vacuum gage d. a low ionization current
c. Piraoi gage L.540-541; M.18
d. bulk pressure gage
A.l-4; J.27; L.531, 541; M.18 43. Increasing probing speed over the area being tested
will result in:
37. The mass spectrometer vacuum gage that is used to
monitor the pressure during the roughing cycle is a. an increase in response time
called a: b. an increase in test sensitivity
c. a decrease in test sensitivity
a. cold-cathode discharge gage d. a decrease in instrument sensitivity
b. thermal conductivity gage A.3-8; L.48, 470
c. Bourdon pressure meter
d. bulk pressure gage 44. The scale of a mass speCtrometer leak detector output
C.lO; L.531; M.20 meter reads in:
38. Which of the following factors would affect the a. SCFM

sensitivity of a mass spectrometer leak detector? b. micrometers (~m)
c. torr (J.Lm Hg)
a. use of a remote control system d. none of the above
b. the pumping speed of the mass spectrometer leak A.4-11; L.533
detector vacuum system
c. design of the roughing pump 45. The purpose of a mass spectrometer tube is to:
d. type of throttle valve used
L.533-534; N.480 a. measure tracer gas content in the test sample
b. aoalyze total gas content in the test sample
c. pump tracer gas ions
d. measure the internal pressure in the system
C.10; J.27; K.118; L.513; M.9
10
46. For a mass spectrometer leak detector, what is the 52. When the operating diffusion pump in a helium mass
function of the roughing pump? spectrometer is suddenly exposed to high pressure for
an extended period of time, the result can be:
a. to evacuate the system external to the mass
spectrometer leak detector a. cracking of the diffusion pump oil
b. to pressurize the system external to the mass b. backstrearning oil vapor contamination of the cold
spectrometer leak detector trap
c to evaluate the internal mass spectrometer leak c. backstreaming oil vapor contamination of the entire
detector high vacuum section high vacuum system, including the analyzer tube
d. none of the above d. any of the above
A.3-10; J.29; K.128; L.537; M.14 L.329, 544; M.14
47. The gas having the lowest molecular weight is: 53. The valve in a helium mass spectrometer that makes it
possible to manually connect the instrument to a
a. helium higher pressure vacuum system for the purpose of leak
b. hydrogen testing that system is usually called the:
c. nitrogen
d. oxygen a. block valve
B.4-12; H; J.21; L.75 b. throttle and/or test valve
c. accumulator valve
48. Helium has an atomic mass of: d. pump valve
J.30-31; L.384, 542-543; M.2
a. 2
h. 3 54. When leakage is indicated during a helium mass
c. 4 spectrometer test, the operator should:
d. 8
0.208; H; J.21; L.75 a. mark the approximate area where the signal was
received and continue testing
49. 760 torr are approximately equal to: b. immediately vent the system, repair the leak, retest
the repair, and continue with the test
a. 10 kPa (76 mm Hg) c. retest the same area to verify that the signal was
b. 101 kPa (760 mm Hg) really caused by leakage, pinpoint and mark the
c. 2 kPa (14.7 mm Hg) source of that leakage for repairs, temporarily seal
d. none of the above it if necessary, and continue testing
C.30; F; L.8, 192 d. peen it shut to eliminate the need for later repairs
and continue testing
50. When performing a detector probe helium mass J.121,126; L.470, 478-480
spectrometer test, the test object is:
55. When starting up a helium mass spectrometer, the
a. blanketed in helium circuit breaker repeatedly shuts off the test manifold
b. evacuated roughing pump. Which of the following could be the
c. pressurized cause?
d. immersed in water
C.34; G.3; L.446, 478 a. the pump was improperly shut down
b. the pump oil is too cool
51. When completely shutting down a helium mass c. the roughing pump belt is too tight
spectrometer, the cold trap should: d. any of the above
L.538; M.58
a. always be removed, warmed-up, cleaned. and
replaced if cryogenic liquid was used 56. \Vhen performing a helium mass spectrometer tracer
b. never be removed because of the possibility of probe test, the probing should be conducted in a
atmospheric contamination sequence from the:
c. be left in place to clean up as the diffusion pump
cools down a. highest to the lowest areas in the system
d. be inspected but not cleaned unless discoloration is b. farthest to the uearest areas from the instrument
noticed on the cold trap c. most difficult to the easiest areas to test
L.539; M.39 d. lowest to the highest areas in the system
J.121; K.l31; L.452, 470, 472
11
57. In a helium mass spectrometer, exposure of the 62. When adding cryogenic liquid to a cold trap, one
filameut to high pressure for extended periods of time should:
will:
a. use a funnel and pour the liquid in rapidly so less
a. increase the life of the filament will be lost by evaporation
b. do little or no barm to the filament b. just pour the liquid into the opening without using a
c. cause the filament to burn out funnel
d. increase the sensitivity of the filament c. use the funnel and pour in a small amount, wait a
M.18; 0.6-21 few minutes, and slowly pour in the rest
d. not worry about getting freeze bums from the
58. The section of a helium mass spectrometer that liquid since it evaporates very rapidly
"detects" extremely small quantities of helium gas, L; M.30-31
indicating leakage, is known in general terms as the:
63. A micrometer of mercury pressure is equal to which
a. spectrometer tube of the following?
b. amplifier element
c. ionizer element a. 101 kPa (760 mm Hg)
d. diffusion element b. 13 kPa (10-" torr)
J.26; L.509, 512; M.9 c. 0.01 Pa (10~ 3 torr)
d. 133 kPa (I 000 mm Hg)
59. The safest effective and economical cryogenic fluid F; L.192; N.8, 10
commonly used in cold traps is liquid:
64. An absolute pressure of 50 J.Lm Hg is the same as:
a. oxygen
b. argon a. 5 X 10~ 1 torr
c. nitrogen b. 5 x 10-4 mm Hg
d. hydrogen c. 5 X 10~2 torr
J.100; L.330, 540; M.18; N.134 d. 50 torr
A-A2; L.192
60. For a complete shutdown or if a power failure occurs
while operating a cold trapped helium mass 65. A pressure of 0.000025 mm Hg can also be written as:
spectrometer with a high vacuum system diffusion
pump, one of the first things the operator should do is a. 25 x 106 mm Hg
to: b. 2.5 x 105 mm Hg
C. 2.5 xltr5 mm Hg
a. look for some other source of electrical power d. 2.5 X 10~ 2 J.Lm Hg
b. disconnect the power cord to the machine so that L.192; M.91
when the power comes back on, the electronics will
not come on before the roughing pump
c. close the diffusion pump isolation (accumulator) (5x10~ 2 ) (5x 10 3)
66. The product of equals:
valve (I X 102) (2.5 X 10=4)
d. vent the system to atmosphere, remove the cold a. I X 104
trap, and clean it b. 5x 103
L.541; M.33, 39 c. I X 10~ 3
d. 2.5 X 104
61. When starting up a helium mass spectrometer from M.92-93
total shut down, the high vacuum system diffusion
pump takes about to begin pumping 67. A pressure of I mm Hg is the same as:
after it is turned on.
a. 13 mPa (100 J.Lm Hg)
a. 2 minutes b. 133 mPa (I 000 J.Lm Hg)
b. 20 minutes c. 0.13 J.LPa (I o~3 J.Lm Hg)
c. 60 minutes d. 13 Pa (I J.Lm Hg)
d. 1.5 hours F; L.l92; N.8, 10
L.539; M.30, 35
12
68. A bellows stem-sealed vacuum valve should always
be turned to the open position before removing the
stem assembly from the valve in order to:
a. be certain that pressure on either side of the valve

seat has been equalized
b. prevent cracking the bellows
c. ensure that the gasket is not stuck to the seat
d. determine whether the bellows is leaking
L.331
13
Level I Answers
l.b 24. b 47. b

2.c 25. b 48. c
3. b 26. b 49.b
4.a 27. b 50.c
5. b 28.d 51. a
6.c 29.a 52.d
7.c 30.c 53. b
8. b 31. c 54. c
9. b 32. b 55.d
IO.a 33.d 56. a
11. b 34. b 57.c
12. b 35.c 58. a
13. b 36.a 59.c
14. b 37. b 60.c
15. b 38. b 61. b
16.c 39.a 62.c
17.c 40.a 63.c
18.c 41. c 64.c
19.c 42.c 65.c
20. b 43.c 66.a
21. b 44.d 67. b
22.d 45.a 68.b
23. b 46.a
15
Level II Questions
1. A pressure of 101 kPa (I atmosphere) is defined as the 5. The principle of operation of the vacuum diffusion
pressure which supports a column of mercury: pump is:
a. 76 em high at 0 °C at sea level a. oil vapors colliding with gas molecules, forcing
b. 30 in. high at 32 op at sea level them in one specific direction
c. both a and b b. gas molecules being trapped in the diffusion oil
d. none of the above c. ionization of gas molecules
A.1-1; F; K.5; L.192, 276 d. to improve efficiency of the roughing pump by
injecting oil vapors
2. '\Vhen a liquid in a confined place no longer continues K.52-53; L.329, 537; N-78
to evaporate, the partial pressure of the space will
reach a condition of equilibrium equal to the 6. The spontaneous evolution of gas and vapor from
- - - - - - of the liquid. materials in a vacuum as pressure is reduced is called:
a. atmospheric pressure a. gasification

b. vapor pressure b. hydrofoiling
c. Avogadro's pressure c. outgassing
d. vacuum pressure d. reticulation
F; L.194 C.9; J.108; K.62; L.278, 546; N-68
3. For sensitive leak testing, the mass spectrometer 7. Outgassing during leak testing can be eliminated
should have the capability of yielding an quicker by:
unambiguous response to a helium partial pressure of:
a. cooling the material while pumping
a. 13 kPa (100 mm Hg) b. coating the material lightly with vacuum grease
b. 13 GPa (10 8 mm Hg) prior to pumping
c. 1.3 Pa (10-2 mm Hg) c. baking the material while pumping
d. 1.3 nPa (I0- 11 mm Hg) d. using large capacity vacuum pumps
K.122; L.534 A.1-3; F; L.336, 354; N .441
4. Vacuum roughing (mechanical) pumps are generally 8. Diffusion pump oils for high vacuum leak testing
able to evacuate a chamber from atmospheric pressure should:
to an absolute pressure of about:
a. have low vapor pressure
a. 1.3 kPa (10 mm Hg) b. be chemically and thermally stable
b. 1.3 Pa ( I0-2 mm Hg) c. have low viscosity and high molecular weight
c. 1.3 J.!Pa (I0-8 mm Hg) d. all of the above
d. 13 kPa (10 2 mm Hg) L.336; N.SS-89
L.537; N.55
9. For leak testing, helium is often used as a tracer gas
because:
a. it has a low mass and is inert

b. it has a high mass and is inert
c. it is inexpensive because of its natmal abundance in
the atmosphere
. J.21; K.114; L.68
17
Mass Spectrometer Testing Method, Level II
10. Neon is generally not used as a tracer gas for leak 16. Pressure is best defined as:
testing work because:
a. total force
a. it is not an inert gas b. temperature x volume
b. it is extremely difficult to tune a mass spectrometer c. volume x density
to be sensitive to it d. force per unit area
c. it does not diffuse through leaks A.1-2; K.4; L.59
d. it is very expensive
J.21; K.114, 115 17. The pressure of a gas relative to a vacuum and
independent of atmospheric pressure is:
11. In mass spectrometer leak testing, which of the
following gases is not used as a tracer gas? a. gage pressure
b. absolute pressure
a. helium c. partial pressure
b. argon d. vapor pressure
c. neon A.l-3; F; J.97; L.192, 275
C.3; J.21; K.115 18. Which of the following can contribute to the
inaccuracy of leakage measurement with a mass
12. Which term denotes the time it takes for a leak spectrometer leak detector?
detector to yield output equal to 63 percent of the
maximum signal (stable peak) obtained when helium a. variations in the pressure differential applied across
was previously applied indefinitely to the system the leak
inlet? b. non-linearity of the mass spectrometer leak detector
equipment
a. rise time c. impurity or stratification of the tracer gas
b. response time d. all of the above
c. time constant G; I; L.317-318, 456, 480, 493-495,498, 512
d. cycle time
C.2; F; J.llO; K.123; L.49-50, 445, 535; N.478 19. The passage of a gas by diffusion through a solid
material where there is no physical leak in the sense of
13. 1 J.lm Hg absolute pressure is equal to: an opening or defect is called:
a. 133 kPa (1 000 mm Hg) a. absorption

b. 101 kPa (760 mm Hg) b. adsorption
c. 133 Pa (1 mm Hg) c. capillary action
d. 133 mPa (0.001 rum Hg) d. permeation
C.2; F; L.192; N.8-10 E.260; L.73, 107
14. A torr is defined as: 20. -273 oc (0 degrees kelvin) is best defined as the
temperature at which:
a. 2 Pa (14.7 psia)
b. I flm ofHg a. nitrogen solidifies
c. 11760 of a standard atmosphere b. ideal gases become real gases
d. 101 Pa(760mmofHg) c. a gas exerts zero pressure
A.1·1; E.261; F; L.192, 317; N.8 d. gases liquefy
L.63,207
15. What are three essential parameters involved in the
dynamics of gases? 21. The primary function of a cold trap in a helium mass
spectrometer is to:
a. density, atomic weight, pressure
b. pressure, specific gravity, atomic weight a. increase the pumping speed of the instrument
c. volume, temperature, density diffusion pump
d. volume, temperature, pressure b. increase response time
A.1-4; K.1-4; L.62; N.19 c. remove condensable vapors fTom the system
d. all of the above
C.9; J.29; K.123; L.S28-529; M.14
18
22. A continuous measurement to detect the presence of 28. When performing a mass spectrometer leak detector
contaminants entering or leaving a system is called leak test of an ultra-high vacuum system:
leakage:
a. a preliminary hydrostatic test should be performed
a. measurement b. a preliminary hydrostatic test should not be
b. location performed
c. monitoring c. a pressure test should be used in instead of a
d. mobility vacuum test
C.2; E.262 d. none of the above
D.196; L.71
23. Which of the following is generally considered
absolutely leak-tight? 29. An output signal of the mass spectrometer leak
detector caused by any reason other than a real leak is
a. a thin-walled cryogenic vessel called:
b. a thick-walled normal sphere
c. a stainless steel normal sphere a. a Doppler signal
d. nothing is considered absolutely leak-tight b. a dipole signal
E.260; L.8·9 c. background
d. a virtual leak
24. The size of a leak in mass spectrometer leak detector A.2-6; J.98; L.512, 532, 534; N.477
testing is generally expressed in terms of:
30. A device that permits a known flow of tracer gas into
a. physical dimensions a leak detector to facilitate the standardization of the
b. leakage rate leak detector is a:
c. pressure differential
d. none of the above a. manifold
F; J.S; L.6; N.27-28 b. standard leak
c. Pirani gage
25. The leakage rate through a given leak is: d. diatron
A.2-6; F; L.103, 119; N.476
a. greatest at a zero differential pressure
b. smaller at a higher differential pressure 31. Which of the following would not cause an inaccuracy
c. larger at a higher differential pressure of a leak detector?
d. larger at a lower differentia1 pressure
B.l-3; L.82, 86-87, 89-94, 123-124; N.486-487 a. non-linearity of the mass spectrometer leak detector
b. impurity of the tracer gas
26. An increase in a test system's boundary differential c. low atmospheric pressure
pressure increases the flow of tracer gas through a d. none of the above
particular size leak; this in turn: L.317-318, 493, 498, 524, 528,543
a. increases the tracer gas flow rate into the leak 32. Most gases involved in outgassing of a test system
detector with no cryopumps are:
b. increases the response time of a leak detector
c. both a and b a. condensab1e
d. none of the above b. noncondensable
A.3-11; L.lll, 124,243 c. aerobic
d. poignant
27. Which of the following factors affect the sensitivity F
and response time of a vacuum test system?
33. When roughing down large vacuum test systems:
a. the speed at which the gas is removed by the pump
or combination of pumps a. the mass spectrometer leak detector diffusion pump
b. the volume under test should be used to assist the roughing pump(s)
c. the sensitivity of the leak detector used b. the mass spectrometer leak detector diffusion pump
d. all of the above should not be used to assist the roughing pump(s)
D.196; L.49, 461, 501; N.480 c. the piping connecting the mass spectrometer leak
detector to the system should be as long as possible
d. dry ice should be used in the cold trap(s)
K.131
19
Mass Spectrometer Testing Method, Levell/
34. The first step before roughing down a specimen to be 39. The test sensitivity when detector probe pressure
vacuum leak tested is to: testing at standard pressure, as compared to the test
sensitivity when tracer probe vacuum testing, is:
(
a. check your standard leak
b. fill the diffusion pump with liquid nitrogen a. increased by a ratio of at least I to 100
c. check and make sure the remote control switch is b. decreased by a ratio of at least I 00 to 1
on c. decreased by a ratio of 3 to 2
d. inspect the specimen for cleanliness and then check d. not affected
all fittings and connections for leaks B.4-7; I; L.479, 500
J.ll9; L.450, 455, 458, 466
40. Increasing the detector probe speed over the area
35. Gas sample analysis in the mass spectrometer leak being examined will result in:
detector is based upon the fact that:
a. a decrease in response time
a. only the tracer gas will be ionized b. an increase in test sensitivity
b. only the tracer gas ions will be sufficiently c. a decrease in test sensitivity
accelerated to overcome the magnetic field d. a decrease in instrument sensitivity
c. only the tracer gas ions will be sufficiently charged C.28; L.480
to generate a signal at the electron target
d. the tracer gas ions have a different radius of 41. Increasing the detector probe distance from the
curvature in the magnetic field than the other gas surface being examined will result in:
ions in the sample
A.l-4; F; J.26-27; K.lOl; L.517-518, 524-525, a. a decrease in response time
530-531; M.13 b. an increase in test sensitivity
c. a decrease in test sensitivity
36. The forepump in a helium mass spectrometer is used d. none of the above
to: B.1-5; L.480
a. evacuate the internal pressure of the system to less 42. The purpose of a mass spectrometer leak detector
than 1.3 jlPa (O.Dl jlm) diffusion pump is to:
b. evacuate the manifold pressure of the system to less
than 130 jlPa (I jlm) a. evacuate the internal high vacuum system to a very
c. rough down the internal high vacuum system and low pressure
back the diffusion pump or turbomolecular pump b. evacuate the internal manifold system to less than
d. pressurize the diatron cavity 0.13 jlPa (0.001 jlm)
B; J.29; L.537:538; M.14 c. preheat gases to increase the forepump efficiency
37. Which of the following conditions might affect the B.1-3; J.29; L.437, 537; M.14
leakage rate from a calibrated permeation type
standard leak? 43. The purpose of the mass spectrometer leak detector
analyzer tube is to:
a. pumping speed of the mass spectrometer leak
detector a. detect and measure the tracer gas content in the test
b. light intensity sample
c. ambient temperature b. measure the internal pressure of the system in
d. volume of the glass leak reservoir microns of mercury
J.43; L.l06-107, 125, 127 c. pump all the gases except the tracer gas from the
test sample
38. One function of a cold trap(s) in a large high vacuum d. control the filament protection system
chamber pump system is to: A.4-1; J.26; L.509, 517, 524; M.9; 0.4
a. cool the test sample for greater sensitivity 44. The leakage rates of tracer gas are measured in:
b. concentrate molecules of gas for better pump
operation a. jlm ofHg
c. cool the diffusion pump assembly b. std. cm 3/s
d. prevent backstreaming of diffusion pump oil and c. percentage of tracer gas tO air
remove condensable vapors d. parts per million
B.1-3; K.55; L.330, 539 A.l-1; E.260; L.6-7; N.476
20
45. The diffusion pump in an mass spectrometer leak 50. In the viscous mode, air will flow through a leak:
detector must not be vented to atmosphere while the
system is operating because the: a. at the same rate as helium
b. at a faster rate than helium
a. forepump will stall c. at a slower rate than helium
b. oil vapors may oxidize and backstream through the d. in accordance with Knudsen's Law
system 0.196; L.84, 121
c. water vapor in the atmosphere will emulsify the oil
in the diffusion pump 51. Ions in a mass spectrometer analyzer tube are:
d. diffusion pump will be automatically cut off from
the test system a. negatively charged
C.21; K.55; L.538; M.14 b. neutral
c. positively charged
46. When shutting down a mass spectrometer leak d. elastic
detector with a cold trap in the system, the trap should K.100; L.510, 521; M.lO
be:
52. A virtual leak is:
a. allowed to heat up to room temperature before
removal a. a leak that is small enough to be within the
b. removed as soon as the mass spectrometer leak acceptance standards and therefore does not have to
detector high vacuum section is vented to be repaired
atmosphere b. a leak that is so small as to be virtually impossible
c. siphoned empty without removal to detect
d. left untouched in the mass spectrometer leak c. a leak from an isolated pocket within a vacuum
detector system
C.21; K; L.510, 546; M.33, 39 d. outgassing vapors within a vacuum system
F; I; L.54, 354, 469
47. An output signal of the leak detector due to the
entrapment of the tracer gas in the vacuum test system 53. In a vacuum system, which of the following are areas
is called: where virtual leakage can exist?
a. degassing a. fillet welds completely around stiffeners

b. backstreaming b. fillet welds completely around internal attachments
c. background c. double gasket seals
d. all of the above d. all of the above
C.21; F; J.98; L.49-50 J.50-51; L.54, 354, 469
48. What single factor influences the response time 54. To measure pressure in a vacuum system in the range
significantly in mass spectrometer dynamic vacuum of I to 500 ~rn Hg, which type of gage should be
testing? used?
a. the volume of the system under test a. swing dial gage

b. the ambient temperature b. cold cathode gage
c. the model of the mass spectrometer leak detector c. ionization gage
used d. Pirani gage
d. none of the above I; L.346-347, 542; N.165
L.48-50, 452; N.479
55. When conducting a helium mass spectrometer test of a
49. In the molecular mode, helium will flow through a vacuum vessel in the pressure range of 13 mPa to
leak: 1.3 ~Pa (10-4 to w- 8 mm Hg), which type of gage
could be used to measure the pressure?
a. at the same rate as air
b. at a slower rate than air a. alphatron gage
c. at a faster rate than air b. thermionic ionization gage
d. in a turbulent flow pattern c. Pirani gage
0.208; L.85, 120 d. thermocouple gage
K.86; L.347, 350-352, 540-541; N.168-175
21
Mass Spectrometer Testing Method, Levell/
56. When monitoring a vacuum vessel during pumpdown 61. What type of helium mass spectrometer test is
from atmosphere to 2.6 kPa (20 mm Hg), which type performed to detect leaks by spraying helium on the
of gage could be used to measure the pressure? outside of an evacuated system while the system (
vacuum pumps are pumping on the system?
a. Pirani gage
b. cold cathode gage a. helium detector probe test
c. Bourdon and diaphragm dial gage b. helium tracer probe test
d. red head gage c. helium static leakage rate test
K.71; L.343; N.144 d. either a or c
G; J.10; L.441, 443, 449, 451
57. When manuaily throttling a helium mass spectrometer
into a vacuum system for leak testing, which of the 62. Which of the foil owing is a helium mass spectrometer
foiiowing factors affects the extent to which the vacuum testing technique?
instrument throttle valve may be opened?
a. helium hood test
a. the system volume b. helium detector probe test
b. the diameter of the mass spectrometer connecting c. helium tracer probe test
line d. either a or c
c. the length of the mass spectrometer probe line J.10, 119; K.l30; L.441, 443, 451
d. all of the above
A.4-7
63. When conducting a helium detector probe test of a
vessel using a helium mass spectrometer, which of the
58. In addition to the direct effect of helium mass foiiowing affects the test sensitivity attainable?
spectrometer sensitivity, which of the foiiowing can
affect the sensitivity attainable when performing a a. linear speed of the sampling probe
helium tracer probe test of a vacuum system? b. vessel vacuum system pump speed
c. volume of the vessel
a. volume of the system d. pressure level in the evacuated vessel
b. location and length and size of the connection A.3-10; L.479-480
between the instrument and the system
c. effective pump speed of the system
d. all of the above 64. Which of the following is a test performed by
I; J.ll9-120; L.443, 451-453, 501-502 pressurizing a vessel with a helium mixture to a
pressure, greater than atmospheric pressure and then
scanning the outside surface of that vessel with a
59. Helium standard leaks in the ranges of J0-6 through helium mass spectrometer to detect helium leakage:
10-10 std. cm3Js are known in general terms as:
a. helium hood test
a. reservoir standard leaks b. helium detector probe test
b. capillary standard leaks c. helium tracer probe test
c. permeation standard leaks d. helium static leakage rate test
d. adjustable standard leaks I; J.10, 123; L.478
I; J.42; K.141; L.105-107
65. To measure vacuum in the range from 133 mPa to
60. Helium standard leaks in the ranges of IQ- 1 to 130 ~-tPa (lo-3 to !0-" mm Hg) pressure, which one of
1o-5 std. cm3/s are known in general terms as: the following gages could be used?
a. needle standard leaks a. Pirani gage
b. capillary standard leaks b. cold cathode gage
c. permeation standard leaks c. Bourdon or diaphragm dial gage
d. adjustable standard leaks d. thermionic ionization gage
I; J.43; K.143; L.108, 120 L.194, 343, 348-349; 0.143
66. To measure vacuum in the range from atmosphere to

7 mPa (50 11m Hg) pressure, which of the following
gages could be used?
a. ionization gage
b. thermocouple gage
c. Bourdon gage
d. cold cathode gage
I; K.79; L
22
67. As the pressure in a space decreases, the length of the 69. What is part number 4 called?
mean free path of gas molecules in that space:
a. helium ions
a. becomes shorter b. filament
b. becomes longer c. target
c. oscillates d. magnet
d. stays the same K.119; L.509-510, 517, 525, 535; M.ll
I; K.29-30; L.67, 319; N.12, 505
70. What is part number I called?
Questions 68-70 refer to the Schematic Diagram
below, which shows the analyzer tube of a typical a. helium ions
(commercially available) helium mass spectrometer. b. filament
c. target
68. What is part number 2 called? d. magnet
J.27; K.119; L.509-510, 517, 525, 535; M.Il
a. helium ions
b. filament
c. repeller
d. magnet
K.119; L.509-510, 517,525, 535; M.ll
Schematic Diagram
2>---~
Electron Beam To Power Supply
Slit
Ion Focus Beam
Ion Beam
Electrometer Tube
Suppressor _ _.->
To Amplifier
23
Level II Answers
l.c 25.c 49.c

2. b 26.a 50. b
3.d 27.d 51. c
4.b 28. b 52. c
5.a 29.c 53.d
6.c 30.b 54.d
7.c 31. c 55.b
8.d 32. b 56.c
9.a 33.b 57. b
10.d 34.d 58.d
11. c 35.d 59.c
12. b 36.c 60.b
13. d 37.c 61. b
14.c 38.d 62.d
15. d 39.b 63.a
16.d 40.c 64.b
17. b 41. c 65. b
18. d 42.a 66. b
19. d 43.a 67.b
20.c 44. b 68.c
21. c 45.b 69.c
22.c 46.b 70.d
23. d 47.c
24. b 48.a
25
Level III Questions
1. The temperature of liquid nitrogen is -195 'C 6. Tuning the mass spectrometer to detect or react to a
(-320 °F). The conversion of this temperature to the specific gas is accomplished by:
kelvin scale would be approximately:
a. adjusting the magnetic force
a. 373.16 K b. mechanically adjusting the position of the image
b. 273.16 K plate slit
c. 78 K c. adjusting the accelerator voltage
d. 32K d. adjusting the ionizing current
K.3-4; L.208; N.14 C.15; K.101; L.522; M.S, 44 .
2. The torr is defined as approximately: 7. The Kinetic Molecular Theory of Matter states that:
a. 133 Pa (1 mm Hg) a. for every action there is an equal and opposite

b. 1 atmosphere reaction
c. 760mmHg b. molecules of matter are in motion, caused by heat
d. 101 kPa (14.7 psig) c. matter at rest tends to stay at rest and matter in
A.1-3; F; L.192, 317; N.8 motion tends to stay in motion
3. When considering gas flow under nonnal conditions, K.12; L.63; N.2; P.710
the mean free path is:
8. The temperature at which the vapor pressure of a
a. the minimum distance between any two molecules liquid is equal to the surrounding absolute pressure is
at any given time called its:
b. the maximum distance between any two molecules
at any given time a. boiling point
c. the average distance that a molecule travels before b. triple point
colliding with another molecule c. bubble point
d. none of the above d. evaporation temperature
A.2-1; J.107; K.29; L.67, 73, 319; N.ll K.20; L
4. Cold traps are used in high vacuum systems to: 9. Quantitative leakage rate measurements can be made
because the mass spectrometer measurements will be
a. prevent diffusion pump oil from vaporizing directly proportional to leakage if:
b. stop back migration of vapors and to trap
condensable vapors a. the cold trap is kept filled with liquid nitrogen
c. cryogenically pump vapor molecules out of the b. the instrument throughput is kept constant
vacuum system c. the mean free path of the ionized gas is greater than
d. all of the above the tube dimension
C.10; I; J,99-100; K.56; L.34, 330, 447; N.133 d. all of the above
C.19; K.123; L.215
5. High vacuum systems at operating pressure typically
use:
a. Bourdon and diaphragm gages

b. liquid level manometers
c. thermal conductivity gages
d. ionization gages
C.10; K.85-86; L.348-352, 531, 540; N.ll, 169-179
27
Mass Spectrometer Testing Method, Level III
10. Which term denotes the time it takes for a leak 16. Which of the following describes providing a natural
detector to yield output equal to 63 percent of the exit for gas molecules and isolating them so they may
maximum signal (stable peak) obtained when helium not re-enter a closed system?
was previously applied indefinitely to the system
inlet? a. theory of hyperventilation
b. concept of vacuum pumping
a. clean up time c. concept of neutralizing negative flow
b. rise time d. basic technique for differential pressurization
c. response time C.S; K.46; L.52, 325
d. cycle time
A.l-4; F; J.llO; K.l37; L.445, 533-34; N.478 17. The following are techniques ofleak testing with a
helium mass spectrometer. The technique for which a
11. Theoretically, according to Boyle's law, for a given helium mass spectrometer is not basically designed
mass of gas at a constant temperature, to double the and for which the test sensitivity is the least is a
pressure, the volume has to: helium:
a. become twice as great a. dynamic leakage rate test
b. become four times as great b. detector probe test
c. become half as great c. tracer probe test
d. remain constant d. static leakage rate test
K13-14; L.60, 65; 0.15; P.717 G.l-2; I; L.14, 446, 500
12. Charles' law requires temperature to be expressed in: 18. The flow characteristics of a leak are often expressed
in terms of:
a. degrees kelvin
b. degrees Fahrenheit a. pressure
c. degrees Centigrade b. conductance
d. any of the above c. cubic centimeters (cm3)
L.60; N.18; P.719 d. time
A.2-3; F; N.6, 46
13. 0.03 m 3 (1 ft 3) samples of argon and oxygen exert
pressures of 34 and 48 kPa (5 and 7 psi) respectively. 19. A helium mass spectrometer has an advertised
When mixed together in a 0.03 m 3 (I ft3 ) volume, the attainable sensitivity of 5 x w- 11 std. cm3/s. This
pressure will be: sensitivity is:
a. 48 kPa (7 psi) a. the smallest size leakage detectable with this
b. 62 kPa (9 psi) instrument for all types of helium tests
c. 83 kPa (12 psi) b. the smallest size leakage detectable with this
d. 241 kPa (35 psi) instrument for a helium hood test
K.9; L.61, 65-66; N.16 c. usually based on a meter deflection equal to the
smallest meter scale graduation and has meaning
14. The volume that a gas sample occupies at standard only as a relative number for determining that the
temperature and pressure is directly proportional to instrument is in peak condition
the number of gas molecules within that sample. This d. the maximum sensitivity attainable during a helium
is known as: vacuum test if the helium is accumulated by
partially closing the instrument diffusion pump
a. Brownian motion inlet valve
b. Dalton's law A.4-14; L.445, 484, 514
c. laminar distribution principle
d. Avogadro's principle 20. The most important factor in addition to the analyzer
K.l5; L.61-62; P.698 tube for determining the sensitivity of a mass
spectrometer is:
15. Pressures of 133 ~Pa (1 0_, mm Hg):
a. roughing pump capacity
a. have never been attained in vacuum systems b. pumping speed of the leak detector high vacuum
b. are uncommon even in very high vacuum systems system
c. are not uncommon in very high vacuum systems c. design of the cold trap (
d. are easily attained with mechanical vacuum pumps d. type of throttle valve used '
A.l-5; J.113; M; N.ll, 434 B.4-14; L.534
28
21. The minimum detectable leakage of an mass 26. At constant temperature, how is the volume occupied
spectrometer leak detector system changes when a by a fixed weight of an ideal gas related to its absolute
parallel auxiliary pump is used according to the: pressure?
a. position of the pump a. directly proportional

b. ratio of the throughput of the auxiliary pump to that b. inversely proportional
of the leak detector c. directly proportional to the square root of the
c. amount that the minimum detectable leak does not pressure
change d. related in direct proportion to the resultant density
d. compression factor of the tracer gas K.7; L.60; N.15; P.717
A.3-1; K.123; L.48, 464
27. When describing real gases, which of the following
22. If a tracer gas with a M/e = 4 is at a maximum meter statements is true?
reading at an accelerator voltage equal to 70 V; a
tracer gas with M/e = 2 would be maximized at an a. real gases are composed of molecules with no
accelerator voltage of: volume and thus no attraction for one another
b. VanDer Wall forces do not have to be considered
a. 70V at high pressures
b. 35V c. at standard temperature and pressure, real gases
c. 140 v behave approximately the same as· ideal gases
d. an amount that could not be detected d. real gases tend to become unstable when exposed
B.l-4; L.521 to ideal gases
L.62-65; P.721
23. While bell jar testing an item, a leakage rate of
1 x 1o-6 std. cm 3/s was measured. In order to 28. If a gas occupies a volume oflO ml (0.1 qt) at
determine the type of flow, the internal pressure of the 567 mm (22 in. Hg) absolute pressure and 60 oc
item was increased from 101 to 505 kPa (1 to (140 °P), what volume would the gas occupy at 0 °C
5 atmospheres), with a corresponding increase in the (32 °P) and an absolute pressure of 101 kPa
leakage rate to 2.5 X 1O-<i std. cm3/s. The flow (760mmHg)?
through the leak could be categorized as:
a. 4.5 ml (0.5 qt)
a. transdental b. 6.1 ml (0.6 qt)
b. viscous c. 8.0 ml (0.8 qt)
c. transitional d. 12.2 ml (1.3 qt)
d. vascular K.7, 9, 12; L.60, 62; N.20
A.2-2; F; K.141; L.78, 97
29. A type of virtual leak caused by the slow release of
24. At constant pressure, how is the volume occupied by a absorbed or entrapped tracer gas in a leak detector
fixed weight of an ideal gas related to its absolute vacuum system is known as:
temperature?
a. outgassing
a. directly proportional b. a hang-up
b. inversely proportional c. conductance
c. 5/9 °C- 32 d. laminar flow
d. inversely proportional to the square root of the A.1-3; F; L.62
temperature
K.9; L.60-61, 65; 0.18; P.719 30. Which of the following test methods would probably
be most effective in locating a leak in the I X l o-3
25. A leak exhibiting which of the following modes of gas std. cm3/s range?
flow would be most costly to detect?
a. mass spectrometer leak detector using helium
a. laminar flow b. mass spectrometer leak detector using argon
b. transitional flow c. bubble test
c. molecular flow d. radioactive tracer
d. turbulent flow A.1-2; G; I; L.14, 19
F;L.12, 19,97
29
31. The major difference between a mass spectrometer 36. What is the general formula for calculating the
leak detector and an analytical mass spectrometer is conductance of a vacuum system made up of various
that: parts joined in parallel?
a. the analytical unit is less reliable

b. the leak detector unit at any one time is tnned to
peak on only one gas b. eT = c, + e, + CJ + c4 +- - + en
c. the analytical unit does not require a vacuum
d. there are no differences c. er=C1 -C2 -C3 -C4 - --- -Cn
D.201; F; L.511, 514·515 d. ..1..= ..1..+ ..1..+ ..1..+ ..1..+- ---...1
er C1 e, c, e4 e,
32. Ions are formed in the mass spectrometer leak detector L.82, 323; N.34
by:
37. What is the general formula for calculating the
a. gasification of molecules conductance of a vacuum system made up of various
b. degeneration of the molecules parts joined in series?
c. electron bombardment of the gases
d. fission a. eT = XC/XCn-l + XCz!Xen_2 +- -- -XC n-l
F; I; J.26; K.99; L.510, 516; M.lO xe,-
b. eT = el + c, + c, +c.+- -- - + e,
33. The purpose of ion acceleration within a mass
spectrometer leak detector is to: c. eT = cl- c,- c,- c.- - - -- - en
d. ..1.. =...l..+...l..+...l..+...l..+----...1
a. separate the lighter and heavier ions in a magnetic eT c, c, c, c4 en
field
b. move the ions into the electron beam A.2·5; L.81, 322; N.33
c. operate the output meter
d. prevent the filament from burning out 38. Which of the following is not associated with vacuum
F; I; K.lOl; L.513, 516; M.13 testing of an object?
34. The ratio of the throughput of a gas to the difference a. test object is evacuated
in pressure of the gas between the two points of flow b. helium is applied externally
being considered is: c. helium is introduced internally
a. outgassing A.2·5; F; G; L.441
b. a hang-up
c. conductance 39. Which of the following is not associated with bell jar
d. fission testing of an object?
F; K.38; L.46, 79-80
a. the test object is evacuated
35. In mass spectrometer leak testing. pumping speed and b. the bell jar is evacuated
conductance for a vacuum system are: c. the test object is pressurized with helium
d. it is a pressure-vacuum test technique
a. different functions with the same units of A.3·1; F; I; L.442
measurement
b. directly proportional 40. Which of the following is not associated with mass
c. different terms for the same function spectrometer pressure testing?
d. reciprocal values
F; I; K.42; L.322-324; N.33 a. the test system is pressurized with helium
b. the helium is applied externally
c. the test object is sniffed with a detector probe
d. leaks can be located in a test object
A.3-8; F; I; K.l35; L.442, 478
30
41. What are normally accepted ratios of sensitivities For the remaining questions (#46-#73) refer to
achieved using either a vacuum or pressure helium Figures 1-4 on pages 34-38 as needed.
mass spectrometer test for the same object?
46. A 2 x w-7 std. cm3/s standard leak was calibrated at
a. they are equal 23.8 °C (75 °F). What would the leakage rate from
b. 10 to 1 vacuum more sensitive t1tis standard leak be at 29.4 °C (85 °F)? (Use
c. 100 to 1 vacuum more sensitive Figures 1, 2, 3, or 4 on pages 33-36 as needed.)
d. 2 to 1 vacuum more sensitive
A.3-10; G; L.479, 500 a. 1.52 X 10-7 std. cm3/s
b. 2.34 x w-7 std. cm 3/s
C. 2.26 X 10-7 std. cm 3/s
42. When applying age correction factors to a calibrated
helium permeation reservoir leak standard, what is the d. 1.97 X 10-7 std. cm 3/s
major factor controlling the validity of the correction? J.43; L.125, 127
a. the physical size of the standard leak 47. The general purpose or function of a cold trap
b. the surface area of the orifice of the mass (cryogenic pump) in a helium mass spectrometer or in
spectrometer leak detector a vacuum system being tested with this instrument is
c. the average storage temperature of the standard to:
leak since calibration
d. all of the above a. freeze (pump out) residual condensables such as oil
A.3-11; J.43; L.125-127 vapor and water vapor
b. reduce tbe effects from back streaming of diffusion
43. Which of the following factors affect(s) the response pump and/or mechanical pump oil vapor
or cleanup times of a vacuum test system? c. freeze (pump out) condensable vapors from minute
residue of certain penetrants, cleaning agents, etc.
a. volume of the object being tested within a vacuum test system
b. the total effective pump speed of the system d. all of the above
c. the amount of tracer gas used to pressurize the I; J.99; K.56; L.539, 544; N.133
system
d. both a and b above. 48. If three pieces of tubing are arranged as shown below.
A.4-11; L.49, 452-453; N.479 what is the total conductance of the system for air?
44. What is the major disadvantage of using an auxiliary 12.7 em 5.1 em 25cm
cold trap in an mass spectrometer leak detector (50 in.) (20 in.) (100 in.)
system?
a. liquid oxygen is used

I'< ~11<
b. continuous maintenance is required
c.
d.
cleanup time is decreased
response time is decreased
C.22; L.340
A= 51 mm (2 in.) Dia. t C = 38 mm (1.5 in.) Dia.
B = 19 mm (0.75 in.) Dia.
45. The introduction of oil vapors into the mass a. 0.96 1/s
spectrometer leak detector cold trap and analyzer tube b. 9.60 lis
due to improper shutdown of the diffusion pump is c. 16.40 1/s
known as: d. 22.35 1/s
A.2-12; L.81, 83, 322; N.33, 58
a. outgassing
b. back streaming
c. hang-up
d. dispersion
I; L.544; M.59
31
49. A manifold made up of three pieces of tubing is 52. If a leak detector has a sensitivity of 4 Xw- 10
arranged as shown in the following sketch. What is std. cm 3/div, what is the leakage rate from a leak that
the total conductance of the system for air? gives a reading of7.5 divisions on the 100 scale
multiplier range? (Assume zero background and
25cm 100% helium concentration.)
(100 in.) I
rr---'r----.
I'(
E,=25mm
(i in.) Dia.
~
r----.
a. 5.25 X 10-13 std. cm3/s
b. 4.00 X JO-ll std. cm3/s
C. 3.00 X J0- 7 std. cm 3/s
d. 5.25 X J0-7 std. cm 3/s
E 2 =38mm C.18; J.42; M.90; N.477-478
(1.5 in.) Dia.
53. A specification for a test requires that the mass
E3 -5imm spectrometer leak detector system be sensitive to
(2 in.) Dia.
leakage of 1 x w- 5 std. cm 3/s or greater. A vessel
pressurized to 10 MPa (I 500 psi) is to be tested.
What is the minimum percentage of helium which
must be introduced to the system to detect a 1 X 10-5
std. cm 3/s leakage rate?
a. 0.56 1/s a. 0.03%

b. 0.95 1/s b. 2.50%
c. 5.60 1/s c. 30.00%
d. 9.50 1/s d. 100.00%
A.2-5, 2-12; L.82-83, 322; N.34, 58 C.18
50. If a calibrated leak originally was found to be 54. The effective pump speed of the mass spectrometer
2 x 10-7 std. cm3/s, what would the present leakage leak detector system used to leak test an evacuated
rate be if the leak is two years old? (Assul]le that the 1 200 L (317 gal) volume vessel was calculated to be
leak has been maintained at a constant temperature.) 0.25 1/s. Calculate the response time for this system.
t ::::: response time, seconds
a. 1.53 X 10-7 std. cm3/s v = volume, liters
b. 1.91 X 10-7 std. cm3/s c ::::: conductance, liter/sec
C. 2.30 X 10-7 std. cm 3/s
d. 2.41 X 10- 7 std. cm 3/s a. 600s
A.2-5, 2-12; L.125-126 b. 1 200 s
C. 2 400 S
51. A 2 X 10- 7 std. cm 3/s calibrated leak is used to d. 4 800 s

calibrate a leak detector. The output with the A.2-7; L.SO, 463, 501; N.479
calibrated leak valved in was found to be 15 divisions
on the 100 multiplier; when the leak is valved out, the 55. Which of the following is a valid reason for choosing
output meter shows a background of 50 divisions on helium as a tracer gas?
the 10 multiplier. Calculate the leak detector's
sensitivity. (Divisions are smallest scale increments.) a. low molecular weight
b. inert
a. 2 x 10-4 std. cm3/div c. present only in trace quantities in the atmosphere
b. 2 x 10""" std. cm3/div d. all of the above
C. 2 X JO-B std. cm 3/div A.2-12; K.114-115; L.68-69, 75-76, 509
d. 2 X J0- 10 std. cm3/div
C.17; J.42; L.453; M.90, N.477-478 56. Under which of the following conditions would an
accumulation technique of helium mass spectrometer
leakage measurement be used?
a. in small systems, where the leak to be measured is

smaller than the maximum sensitivity of the mass
spectrometer leak detector in the dynamic mode
b. where areading of total leakage is desired
c. where the system pump speed is inadequate
d. all of the above
C.3; F;L.31, 456, 482
32
Mass Spectrometer Testing Method, Level Ill
57. Upon completion of a helium mass spectrometer 62. When conducting a helium detector probe test of a
detector probe test, it can be stated definitely that: vessel using a helium mass spectrometer, which of the
following variable factors directly affects the test
a. the total leakage rate of the test system is less than sensitivity attainable?
a certain amount
b. all leaks equal to or larger than the test sensitivity a. linear speed of the sniffer
were detected b. vessel vacuum system pump speed
c. at least ninety percent (90%) of all leaks equal to or c. size of standard leak
larger than the test sensitivity were detected d. pressure level in the evacuated vessel
d. to the best knowledge of the test personnel, all I; K.l35; L.479, 484-485
leaks within the test sensitivity were detected
A.3-10; K.135; L.385, 479, 484 63. A helium mass specttometer is a leak testing
instrument that can be used to perform:
58. Which of the following types of vacuum pumps is
contained within a helium mass spectrometer? a. vacuum testing
b. pressure-vacuum testing
a. cryogenic pump c. pressure testing
b. getter pump d. any of the above
c. ejector pump I; J.ll-12; K.130, 135, 138; L.441-505;
d. sublimation pump M.3; N.480-487; 0.5-1
B; J.30-31; L.536-540, 543; M.10
64. The type of helium standard leak used to determine
59. The type of standard leak used to calibrate a helium the scanning rate for the required test sensitivity for a
mass spectrometer instrument is known in general helium detector probe test is known in general terms
terms as: as:
a. a needle standard leak a. a needle standard leak

b. a permeation standard leak b. a permeation standard leak
c. a capillary standard leak c. a capillary standard leak
d. an adjustable standard d. an ideal standard leak
J.42; L.107, 125-127 I; J.43; K.144; L.88, 120, 488 item 8, 493
60. In a vacuum system, which of the following are areas 65. The helium mass spectrometer leak test performed by
where virtual leakage can exit? spraying helium on the outside of an evacuated system
while the system vacuum pumps are still pumping on
a. reinforcing pad plates welded solid both sides the system is called a helium:
b. solid fillet welds around external stiffeners
c. stitch fillet welds around internal support a. integrated leakage rate test
attachments b. detector probe test
d. single gasket seals c. tracer probe or dynamic leakage test
J.50; L.280, 354, 469 d. analyzer test
G; I; J.119-120; L.468-477
61. Material exposed to a vacuum system designed to
operate in the range of I 33 J.tPa (10-6 mm Hg) should: 66. What is the name of the valve in a helium mass
specttometer which makes it possible to manually
a. have a vapor pressure lower than the design connect the instrument to an evacuated system for the
pressure purpose of leak testing that system?
b. always be capable of being baked
c. have porous surfaces to prevent the possibility of a. vent valve
creating virtual leakage b. throttle valve
d. have a vapor pressure higher than the design c. accumulator valve
pressure d. pump valve
I; L.333-334, 336 K.127; L.541-543; M.488-490
33
67. Helium quartz or permeation standard leaks have 71. The basic principle of operation of a helium mass
leakage rates in the range of: spectrometer is the:
a. 10 to w-5 std. cm3/s a. ionization of helium molecules, the collection of

b. w-l to I0-5 std. cm3/s these ions on a magnet, and the amplification of
c. w-3 to w- 7 std. cm3/s these magnetic indications to a meter
d. 10-6 std. cm3/s and smaller b. amplification of the electric current created by the
I; J.34; K.141; L.107, 128 flow of helium molecules through a magnetic field
to a collector
68. A helium mass spectrometer can be used as a pressure c. ionization of gas molecules and their acceleration
testing detector probe because: through a magnetic field that deflects the ions
through baffles which stop all but the helium ions.
a. of the large pressure drop through the sniffer and/or The flow of the helium ions to a target creates an
manual instrument valve electrical current which is amplified to a meter.
b. helium is an inert gas d. flow of gas molecules through a diffuser where the
c. helium is lighter than air helium molecules are sorted and accelerated to a
d. of the filtering action of the sniffer target. The flow of helium molecules creates an
J.34, L.385, 478, 500 electrical current which is amplified to a meter.
B; I; J.26-28; K.99-102; L.42, 516-517, 509-527;
M.10-13; N.474.
69. Assuming the same test criteria, no restrictions on
compatibility of materials, and the best equipment,
with which one of the following pressure leak testing 72. In a vacuum test system, detected leakage in the range
methods in a production situation can the best leak of w-7 to w-9 std. cm3/s would likely be:
testing sensitivity be attained?
a. viscous flow
a. halogen diode detector probe test b. molecular flow
b. halogen flame test c. checked flow
c. ammonia reactive paint or sensitive tape test d. transition flow
d. helium mass spectrometer detector probe test I; K.141; L.78, 91, 97
G; I; L.14-15, 88
73. Which of the following relationships is representative
70. Leakage in the range of 10-2
to J0-4 std. cm3/s of Poiseuille's law for viscous flow rates of gases with
detected in a vacuum test system would most likely the same viscosity?
be:
a. Q 2 = CAP? (Q1)
a. viscous flow 2
b. transition flow b. Q = (M'2) (QI)
2
c. molecular flow PI
d. choked flow Q _ (P/- P/)(Q 1)
I; K.141; L.74, 91, 97 c. 2- (P/-Po2)
d. Q2 = 1.65 Ql
I; J.125-126; K.141, 144, L.78, 480, 495
34
Figure 1
I~~~
600
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Length of Tube (in.)
Conductance of Cylindrical Thbes for Air at 20 oc, 68 oF, (Molecular Flow)
This chart furnished by Du Pont & Co, scientific process Division, Monrovia, CA
35
100 0
90 10
80 20
70
60 ,. 30
40
50
40
v" 50
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Leakage Rate in Std. cmJ/Helium

Leakage Rate vs. Time for Permeation Leaks
This chart furnished by Du Pont & Co, scientific process Division, Monrovia, CA
Figure 3
100 100 000

I
. I
J ll
,--.
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=
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0.1 I 100
1 10 100 1000
Internal Pressure
(Outside of Part 1 Atmosphere)
Viscous Leakage Rate v. Internal Pressnre
This chart fnrnished by DuPont & Co., Scientific Process Division, Monrovia, CA
37
Figure 4
3.0 (
2.5
2.0 /
To Correct Calibrating Leak
1.9 Rate for Temperature,
1.8 Multiply by Correction Factor V"
1.7 /
1.6 /
1.5 /
1.4 ,/
.s"" 1.3 , /
(J
c<:S 1.2 /
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-50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 +10 +20 +30 +40 +50
Temperature Difference in °F
Temperature Correction Factor
This chart furnished by Du Pont & Co., Scientific Process Division, Monrovia, CA.
38
Level III Answers
l.c 26. b 51. d
2.a 27.c 52. c
3.c 28. b 53. a
4.b 29. b 54.d
5.d 30.c 55.d
6.c 31. b 56.d
7. b 32.c 57.d
8.a 33.a 58. a
9.b 34.c 59.b
IO.c 35.a 60.a
11. c 36. b 61. a
12.a 37.d 62.a
13.c 38.c 63.d
14.d 39.a 64.c
15.c 40. b 65. c
16. b 41. c 66. b
17. b 42.c 67.d
18. b 43.d 68.a
19.c 44. b 69.a
20. b 45. b 70.a
21. b 46. b 71. c
22. c 47.d 72. b
23. b 48.a 73.c
24.a 49.d
25.c 50. b
39
Sample Specification
1.0 Scope and Description: requirements of this sample specification and

the designated design drawings. Each type
1.1 This sample consists only of those excerpts segment has about the same volume.
applicable to the helium mass spectrometer 1.4 The toroidal shaped stainless steel vacuum
testing requirements of the sample vessel shell has approximate dimensions of
specification for a Fusion Test Reactor 106.3 in. (270 em) major radius and 45.3 in.
(FTR) vacuum vessel. (115 em) minor radius.
1.2 Centrally located in the test cell portion of
the experimental area of the FTR, the
vacuum vessel will have the general shape of
a toroidal shell with dimensions as shown on 2.0 Applicable Publications:
the drawings. The vessel will be constructed Materials and fabrication furnished under this
from stiffened vacuum vessel segments. sample specification shall comply with all Federal
Tiris segmental construction will provide the Laws and with the following Codes and Standards
capability for remote removal and to the extent referenced herein. Unless otherwise
substitution of vacuum vessel segments. noted, the documents with addenda, amendments
1.3 The vacuum vessel segments shall include and revisions in effect on the date of the purchase
but not be limited to the vacuum vessel shell, order will apply. Later editions may be used by
penetrations, stiffening rings, bellows, mutual consent in writing between the Contractor
heating/cooling duct work with insulation, and the Purchaser.
nozzles, and the vessel support connections.
Ten vacuum vessel segments shall be The various documents mentioned herein are as
furnished in accordance with the follows:
Short Name Date of Complete Identification of the Document and of

As Used Herein Issue the Sponsor Organization
2.1 ASME 1980 through American Society of Mechanical Engineers -

Sununer 1981 Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code
Addenda
]. Section Ill Nuclear Power Plant Components
Division 1
2. Section V Nondestrnctive Examination
3. Section IX Welding Qualifications
2.2 AWS 1981 American Welding Society
!. A5.4 Corrosion-Resisting Chromium and Chromium-Nickel

Steel Covered Welding Electrodes
2.3 ASTM Current through American Society for Testing and Materials
1981
!. Al93 Alloy Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting Material for High
Temperature Service
2. A240 Heat-Resisting Chromium and Chromium Nickel

Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip for Fusion-Welded
Unfired Pressure Vessels
41
Mass Spectrometer Testing Method, Sample Specification
3. A276 Stainless and Heat-Resisting Steel Bars and Shapes

(
4. A480 General Requirements for Delivery of Flat-Rolled
Stainless and Heat-Resisting Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip
5. A484 General Requirements for Stainless and Heat-Resisting

Wrought Steel Products
6. E498 Standard Methods of Testing for Leaks Using the Mass

Spectrometer Leak Detector or Residual Gas Analyzer in
the Tracer Probe Method
7. A666 Austenitic Stainless Steel Sheets, Strip, Plate, and Flat

bar for Structural Applications
2.4 ANSI American National Standards Institute
1. Bl.l 1977 American National Standard for Screw Threads
2. B18.2.1 1977 American National Standard for Square and Hex Bolts
3. N45.2.6 1978 Qualification of Inspection, Examination, and Testing

Personnel for Construction Phase of Nuclear Power
Plants
2.5 ASNT American Society for Nondestructive Testing, Inc.
1. SNT-TC-lA 1975 Recommended Practice for Persmmel Qualification and

Certification in Nondestructive Testing
2.6 NRC Nuclear Regulatory Commission
1. 10CFR21 6/1/77 Code of Federal Regulations. Title 10, Part 21.

Reporting of Defects and Nonconformances
2.7 Design specification TFR 1981 6/28/81 TFR Corporation
3.0 Responsibility and Performance: 4.0 Sequence:

3.1 The Contractor shall be responsible for the The Contractor's work on the vacuum vessel
Engineering of the subassembly, and of detail segments shall be performed in the following
part drawings, bills of material. tooling sequence:
drawings, fabrication, assembly, testing,
quality assurance and delivery of the vacuum 1. Prepare drawings and submit for Purchaser's
vessel segments, and those materials not approval.
furnished by the Purchaser, in compliance
with this Sample Specification and the design 2. Fabricate vacuum vessel segments.
drawings. Review and approval by the
Purchaser of the Contractor's drawings, 3. Clean vacuum vessel segments.
procedures, material test reports, fabrication
or quality assurance program shall in no way 4. Helium leak test vacuum vessel segments
relieve the contractor of this responsibility. without heating/cooling panels.
3 .2 Vacuum Performance: 5. Install and test heating/cooling panels.
I. Segments 6. Fit-up all segments to fonn the vacuum

vessel.
Each of the vacuum vessel segments shall
have a helium in-leakage rate of less than 7. Leak test bellows cover.
5.0 x 10-9 std. cm 3/s at a one atmosphere
pressure differential. This capability shall 8. Disassemble vessel into segments.
be demonstrated by the test described in
Section 8.0 of this sample specification. 9. Final clean segments.
42
10. Ship the finished segments to the F1R site. 4. The Contractor shall maintain a complete
detailed record of all tests, in a manner
II. Conduct final acceptance helium leakage rate satisfactory to the Purchaser and shall submit
. test at the F1R site. all copies of all such records in the same
manner as specified for drawings.
12. Provide technical assistance at the FTR site
during final assembly. 8.0 Leakage Rate Testing:
Helium hood leakage rate acceptance tests shall be
5.0 Surface Finish:
performed on each completed vacuum vessel
Interior surfaces, including welds, except the segment in accordance with ASME Section V,
bellows assembly to the end support ring weld Article 10 and ASTM E498.
which will be left in the as-welded condition, shall
be ground and polished to a simulated No.4 finish The preliminary acceptance test shall take place at
immediately before cleaning prior to the leak test. the Contractor's facility. The Purchaser's
representatives shall observe the test and shall be
6.0 Shop Cleaning: notified five working days in advance of the test.
All surfaces shall be cleaned to remove all oil, The preliminary test shall be performed on each
grease, dirt, loose mill scale, residue from protective segment after cleaning and before attaching the
covering and other foreign substances. heating/cooling system, with the segment piped and
configured as follows:
I. Prior to Dimensional Stability Heat
Treatment 1. All nozzles sealed with cover plates.
All interior surfaces shall be stripped of the 2. Test end covers to be installed on each end,
protective coating of paper. The wheat paste one of which shall contain a high vacuum
bonding the paper to the plate is water pump port.
soluble. Any residue shall be removed with
water. The surface shall then be dried by 3. A vertical axis turbomolecular pump (1MP)
wiping with clean lint-free cloths. and mechanical vacuum pump shown on the
data attachment sheets, to be supplied by the
2. Prior to leak testing and shipment Purchaser, shall be used to evacuate the
segment.
Prior to leak testing and prior to shipment all
interior surfaces shall be wiped or swabbed 4. A helium mass spectrometer leak detector
with acetone and then with alcohol and wiped supplied by the Contractor shall be connected
dry with clean lint-free cloths. to the TMP foreline. A system sensitivity of
5 X JQ- 10 std. cm 3/s shall be obtained.
7.0 General Requirements for Testing:
5. The segment, exclusive of the test end covers,
I. The Contractor shall provide all personnel, shall be enclosed with a polyethylene or
materials, equipment and instruments mylar film. The volume enclosed in the film
necessary to perform and record all tests, and shall be capable of being filled with helium
adequate notification and access to the gas.
Purchaser for witnessing those tests
designated by the Purchaser. 6. The Contractor shall ensure that helium fills
the interior of the bellows cover plate.
2. The Contractor shall furnish and install all
temporary blind flanges, blanking off plates With the components assembled as above, the
and gasketing required to seal the vacuum segment shall be evacuated using the TMP. The
vessel segments for leak testing purposes. All plastic bag of step (6) above shall then be filled
such blind flanges, blank off plates and with gaseous helium and the total helium leakage
gaskets shall be delivered to Purchaser at rate shall be determined. The total helium leakage
conclusion of testing. rate shall not exceed 5.0 x J0-9 std. cm 3/s ata
segment internal pressure of (I0-5 J.lm) or less.
3. The Contractor shall submit a complete
detailed testing procedure to the Purchaser for 9.0 Documentation:
review and approval. Purchaser's release of
proposed testing procedures shall in no way Prior to the final acceptance test, the Contractor
lessen the Contractor's complete shall provide the Purchaser with copies of all test
responsibility. results plus the test plan for the final acceptance
43
test. All reports shall be received at least two weeks 11.0 Leak Test of Subassemblies:
prior to the final acceptance test. The reports shall
describe the test set up, equipment used and the test All subassemblies furnished by the Purchaser will
results. Results shall include the individual weld be leak tested prior to delivery to the Contractor.
subassembly leak tested, bellows cover plate leak Record of these tests will be made available the
tested and the preliminary acceptance leakage rate Contractor. It will be the Contractor's option to
of each segment. retest these subassemblies.
10.0 Personnel:
12.0 Final Acceptance Test:
I. Nondestructive testing personnel shall be
qualified as required by SNT-TC-IA or ANSI When the segment is received at the job site,
N45.2.6 as applicable. Contractor test personnel shall conduct the leak test
on the segment as delivered with the Purchaser's
representatives observing. All test equipment used
in the original leak test, except for the mass
spectrometer, shall be used for the final acceptance
test.
Data of Vacuum Pumps Supplied by Purchaser:
Mechanical Pump Specifications:
Rotary Vane Direct Drive Dna! Stage Pump

Displacement cfm -1/s 26.8-12.7
Wtimate pressure- nPa/~m Hg (without gas ballast) 40/3 x 10--4
Oil capacity - qts/liters 3.5/3.31
Motor power - HP 1.5
Inlet connection - mm/in. (I.D.) 38/1.5
Exhaust connection- mm/in. (I.D.) 38/1.5
Sound level- dB (A) 59
Rotational speed - RPM 1725
Weight, complete - kg!lb 73.94/163
Turbomolecular Pump Specifications:
Pumping Speed for N 2 (air)- lis 560

Pumping Speed for H2- 1/s 500
Pumping Speed for He- 1/s 520
Inlet Flange Size- em/in. (O.D.) 2/8
Displacement of Backing Pump- cfm-lls 26.8-12.7
Wtimate Pressure- TPa/~m Hg 1.3/l0-10
Compression Ratio for N 2 1010:1
Compression Ratio for He 3 X 106:)
Compression Ratio for H 2 5 X 104:1
Rotational Speed - RPM 30000
Start Up Time -min. 8
Oil Fill ( approx.) - cc oil free
Cooling Water Consumption- gal.!lu. air cooled
Cooling Water Pressure- Pa/psig air cooled
Cooling Water Connections - mm/in. air cooled
Bakeout Temp. (pump throat)- "C 120
Allowable V erical Deviation, Angle- degrees 5
Weight (approx.)- kgllb 30/66
Vibration Velocity-mm/s 0.05
44
Mechanical Pump
100
....:E
u
~ 10
I
"0
OJ
OJ
c.
00
lOll
=
·~
c. 1
e
~= I
0
10-4 10-2 10-1 to" 103
Inlet Pressure - (J.lm of Hg)
Turbomolecular Pump
I'-.
'\
1'\
10-7 to-< 10-4 to-3 10-2 10-1
Inlet Pressure - (J.lm of Hg)
45
Sample Specification Attachment
Response or Clean-Up Time: Pressure Range f(m Hg) K K'

101 kPa to 133 Pa (760 to 1) 1.1 7.3
133 Pa to 13 Pa (1 to 0.1) 1.5 3.45
13 Pa to 1.3 Pa (0.1 to 0.01) 4.0 9.21
1.3 Pa to 133 kPa (0.01 to 0.001) 6.0 13.8
133 kPa to 1.3 kPa (0.001 to 0.00001) 8.0 36.84
Where:
T = Response or clean-up time For calculating !'iT for a pressure range that spans two or
V = Volume of evacuated system more of the pressure ranges shown, use a K' value that is
s. = S, =Net or effective system pump speed the sum of the K' values given for the two or more
pressure ranges being calculated. K values cannot be
Estimating Pump-Down Time: added.
Throughput:
T = 2.3K y_ log p 1 or !'iT= K' V
s p2 s
Q = P s. or P s,
where 1:1T is the pump down time between initial pressure
p1 and final pressure p 2 and Sis the average pump speed Where:
fTom pressure p' to pressure p 2• Reasonable values for the Q = 'Throughput
«K" or "K' " factor are: P = Absolute pressure
s. = s, =Effective system pump speed
47
Sample Specification Questions
The following questions, answers, and references are 4. Before any mass spectrometer leak testing proceeds,
based on the sample specification attachment., this sample specification requires that the procedure
or procedures involved must have been reviewed and:
1, Personnel who perform helium mass spectrometer
testing per this sample specification must be qualified a. "Approved" by the Contractor's Level !II reviewer
and certified in accordance with: b, "Approved as Revised/Released for Fabrication"
by the Engineers
a. the Contractor's program written in accordance c. "Approved" by the Purchaser
with the guidelines of SNT-TC-JA and/or the d. "Approved" by the NRC and Purchaser's Site
requirements of ANSI N452.6 Inspector
b, either SNT-TC-JA or ANSI N452.6 as preferred by Para. 7.3
the Contractor
c. the requirements of Regulatory Guide 10CFR21 5. Assuming a volume of 6.5 m 3 (230 ft3 ) for each vessel
d. the Contractor's requirements based on extensive segment leak tested in accordance with this sample
past experience specification, the shortest possible theoretical helium
Para. 2.4.3, 2.5.1, and 10.1 response time attainable at the specified test pressure
would be approximately:
2. Which of the following test parameters could be
omitted without affecting the results of a helium mass a. 0.5 s
spectrometer hood test performed in accordance with b. 8.6 s
this sample specification? c. 12.5 s
d. 4.4 minutes
a. allowable total helium leakage rate of Data Attachments
5 x 10·9 std. cm3/s
b. system sensitivjty requirement of 6. To perform the helium mass spectrometer leakage rate
5 x J0- 10 std. cm 3/s acceptance testing in accordance with this sample
c. internal test pressure requirement of 1 x l0-5 ~m specification, which of the following pumps could he
d. band/or c used?
Para. 8.0.1
a. oil diffusion pump
3. To comply with this sample specification, the system b. turbomoleeular pump
sensitivity calibration for the helium hood test must be c. titanium sublimation pump
performed: d, mercury diffusion pump
Para. 8.3
a. prior to performing the test
b. any time there is a change in the leak detector test 7. In accordance with this sample specification, the
setup system calibration sensitivity for the mass
c. after completing the test spectrometer helium leakage rate test shall be
d. at all of these times determined using a:
Para. 2.1.2
a. permeation type standard leak
b. porous plug type standard leak
c. variable type standard leak
d. capillary type standard leak
Para. 2.1.2
49
Mass Spectrometer Testing Method, Sample Specification Questions
8. In accordance with this sample specification, the size 12. Using the pump down relationship shown in the
of the helium standard leak to be used for calibrating sample specification attachment and assuming
the system for this helium leakage rate testing shall be insignificant leakage, approximately how long would
in the range of: it take to evacuate one 6.5 m 3 (230 ft3 ) vessel segment
to 1.3 mPa (I0-5 ~m Hg)?
a. J0-4 to 10_,; std. cm3/s
b. 10-4 to I0-7 std. cm3/s a. 138 minutes
c. 10_,; tow- 7 std. cm3/s
b. 167 minutes
d. 10_,; to I0- std. cm3/s
10 c. 189 minutes
Para. 2.1.2 d. 256 minutes
Data Attachments
9. For the leak testing performed in accordance with this
sample specification, good leak testing practice would 13. During the final stages of evacuation of a vessel
indicate that test gasketing should have a vapor segment for leak testing in accordance with the
pressure no greater than: sample specification, the respective effective pump
speeds of the system and helium mass spectrometer
a. 27 mPa (2 x 10·4 ~m Hg) are 400 lis and 10.0 lis. The system pump foreline
b. 1.3 mPa (1 x w-5 ~m Hg) pressure at the inlet to the helium mass spectrometer
c. 67 mPa (5 x 10-4 ~m Hg) is approximately 2. 7 Pa (2 x J0- 2 J.lm Hg). In order to
d. 67 nPa (5 x w- 10 ~m Hg) isolate the system mechanical pump and completely
Para. 8.0 back the system molecular pump with the helium
mass spectrometer, the evacuation would have to
10. When leak testing in accordance with this sample continue until the absolute pressure (vacuum) level in
specification, the type of absolute pressure (vacuum) the system was approximately: ·
gage that could be used to accurately measure the test
pressure for the final helium hood test would be which a. 107 mPa (8 x 102 ~m Hg)
one of the following? · b. 667 mPa (5 x J0-3 J.lm Hg)
c. 67 mPa (5 x 10-4 ~m Hg)
a. Pirani gage d. 1.3 mPa (1 X 10·5 ~m Hg)
b. swing dial gage Data Attachments
c. hot ionization gage
d. thermocouple gage
Para. 8.0
II. Using the pump down relationship shown in the

sample specification attachment and assuming
insignificant leakage, approximately how long would
it take to evacuate one 6.5 m 3 (230 ft 3) vessel segment
to 13 Pa (l0- 1 J.lm Hg)?
a. 72 minutes
b. 116 minutes
c. 145 minutes
d. 234 minutes
Data Attachments
50
Sample Specification Answers
l.a 6. b 11. b
2.d 7.a 12.a
3.d 8. d 13.c
4. c 9. b
5.c lO.c
51

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tions I

ASNT Mission Statement:

Printed in the United States of America.

first printing 03/96

Reference Usage List 6

C. Vapor Emission Detection Course No. C690. Martin-Marietta.

K. Introduction lO Vacuum and Leak Detection. Vecco Instruments, Inc. 1980.

P. Arons, A. B. Development of Concepts of Physics. Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., Inc. 1965.

Reference Usage List

Reference B: Total= 16 Reference J: Total= 61

Reference C: Total = 31 Reference K: Total = 70

ReferenceD: Total = 6 Reference L: Total = 192

Reference E: Total = 7 Reference M: Total = 47

Reference F: Total = 36 Reference N: Total= 63

Reference G: Total = 11 Reference 0: Total= 8

Reference H: Total = 12 Reference P: Total = 7

a. a semiquantitative test 32. The percentage of helium in air is approximately:

a. diffusion cycle a. the system analyzes collected samples

38. Which of the following factors would affect the a. SCFM

a. be certain that pressure on either side of the valve

l.b 24. b 47. b

a. atmospheric pressure a. gasification

a. it has a low mass and is inert

a. 133 kPa (1 000 mm Hg) a. absorption

a. degassing a. fillet welds completely around stiffeners

a. the volume of the system under test a. swing dial gage

66. To measure vacuum in the range from atmosphere to

Electron Beam To Power Supply

l.c 25.c 49.c

a. 133 Pa (1 mm Hg) a. for every action there is an equal and opposite

a. Bourdon and diaphragm gages

a. position of the pump a. directly proportional

a. the analytical unit is less reliable

a. liquid oxygen is used

a. 0.56 1/s a. 0.03%

51. A 2 X 10- 7 std. cm 3/s calibrated leak is used to d. 4 800 s

a. in small systems, where the leak to be measured is

a. a needle standard leak a. a needle standard leak

a. 10 to w-5 std. cm3/s a. ionization of helium molecules, the collection of

Leakage Rate in Std. cmJ/Helium

100 100 000

1.0 Scope and Description: requirements of this sample specification and

Short Name Date of Complete Identification of the Document and of

2.1 ASME 1980 through American Society of Mechanical Engineers -

3. Section IX Welding Qualifications

2.2 AWS 1981 American Welding Society

!. A5.4 Corrosion-Resisting Chromium and Chromium-Nickel

2. A240 Heat-Resisting Chromium and Chromium Nickel

3. A276 Stainless and Heat-Resisting Steel Bars and Shapes

5. A484 General Requirements for Stainless and Heat-Resisting

6. E498 Standard Methods of Testing for Leaks Using the Mass

7. A666 Austenitic Stainless Steel Sheets, Strip, Plate, and Flat

2.4 ANSI American National Standards Institute

1. Bl.l 1977 American National Standard for Screw Threads

3. N45.2.6 1978 Qualification of Inspection, Examination, and Testing

2.5 ASNT American Society for Nondestructive Testing, Inc.

1. SNT-TC-lA 1975 Recommended Practice for Persmmel Qualification and

2.6 NRC Nuclear Regulatory Commission

1. 10CFR21 6/1/77 Code of Federal Regulations. Title 10, Part 21.

ASNT Q&A Book HM Mass Spectrometer Testing Method May09

ASNT Q&A Book HM Mass Spectrometer Testing Method May09

ASNT Q&A Book HM Mass Spectrometer Testing Method May09