SITE ANALYSIS

Before to begin construction, researcher must conduct a thorough site analysis. A thorough
examination of the site and its surroundings will aid in the justification of design proposal. A
thorough examination of the site and its environs aids in the efficient design of the project.

Objectives
1. Flood-resilient houses must be sited in such a way that they blend in with the surrounding
environment, topography, as well as to reduce visual impacts on natural environments.

2. To ensure that significant site considerations are taken into account when constructing
buildings. Constraints such as slope are avoided, and site disturbance is kept to a minimum.

3. To ensure Flood-resilient housest hat are not placed in such a way that they cast too much
light on neighboring structures buildings, as well as the negative effects on solar access to
living areas and private open space of adjoining buildings are minimised.

Controls

The goal of development siting and design is to preserve and enhance the natural
environment.

Characteristics of the landscape that contribute to a distinct sense of place

a sense of place in the streetscape and surrounding area, including:

(a) prominence of ridgelines, and

(b) landmarks,
(c) topography,
(d) perspectives, vistas, and outlooks,
(e) waterways,
(f) andthe environment

Distances from the major landmarks such as:

Shopping centres
Railway Station
Airport
Bus stand
Visit the site.
Dimensions of the site
Get the exact dimensions of the site.
 When disaster response and relocation are taken into account, resilient housing becomes
even more important. "Normally, only 10 to 20% of housing needs are met," according to
HPN, "often with temporary rather than more permanent housing." For instance, one year
after Cyclone Sidr, the number of dwellings built by aid agencies in Bangladesh (2007)
represented 7% of the need; after the 2009 earthquake in Padang, Indonesia, it was 14%; and
after the Pakistan floods (2010), it was 2.5 percent."

Characteristics of these resilient houses include:

Simple forms easily built locally with sustainable materials; and flexibility that allows
expansion and adaptation when needed.

The different types of data in site analysis:

Location of the Selected site

Neighbourhood context – the immediate vicinity of the site, including zoning and
building data, as well as other potential impacts on our project

Zoning and size – Dimensional considerations include things like boundaries, easements,
height restrictions, site area, and access, as well as any other plans.

Legal information – Ownership, covenants or restrictions, council-related information,

and future urban development plans are all things to consider.

Natural physical features – Trees, rocks, topography, rivers, ponds, and drainage
patterns are examples of actual site features.

Man made features – Existing structures, walls, surrounding vernacular, setbacks,

materials, landscaping, and scale are all factors to consider.

Circulation – Existing structures, walls, surrounding vernacular, setbacks, materials,

landscaping, and scale are all factors to consider.
Utilities – Electricity, gas, water, sewer, and telephone services, as well as distances,
depths, and materials, are all located on or near the site.

Climate –All climatic data, including rainfall, snowfall, wind directions, temperatures,
and sun path, is taken into account at various times of the year.

Sensory – This section covers the site's visual, audible, and tactile aspects, such as views,
noise, and so on. These should be considered in terms of time frames, and the condition can
be attributed to a positive or negative factor.

Human and cultural – the surrounding neighborhood's cultural, psychological,

behavioral, and sociological aspects Density, ethnic patterns in the population, employment,
income, values, and so on are all factors to consider.

The site's accessibility

It's also worth noting the main entrances and the main road that runs alongside the site. For
any type of project, having easy access to the site is critical. However, when comparing an
industrial project to a residential project, the significance changes.

Major Attractions/Landmarks
Analyzed the integrity of the major landmarks' existence in close proximity to the site after
spotting them. It's critical to understand what kind of impact these structures will have on our
site.

The site's orientation

Made a note of the site's orientation because the site orientation will assist people in correctly
orienting the structure during the design process.

Site Services
It's also crucial to examine services on the ground, but it’s important. The following are the
main site services:

1. Availability of Water
2. Lines of Electricity
3. Drainage Systems

Note: Amenity of residential building is covered in detail in Part F1 Residential

The creation of this DCP.

SITE SELECTION

Overview:

The process of developing a supportive housing project includes a lot of site searching and
selection in which housing units are being constructed with a few exceptions, it's impossible
to find what you're looking for until the site has been identified and site control has been
established, permanent funding and community support secured. It is critical to first develop
the project concept before beginning a site search, including defining the proposed supportive
housing's site and configuration requirements project
The most successful site selection process is when it is a methodical search for the site, best
meets established criteria, such as size, location, proximity to services, and price — all of
which are important considerations. This will assist in ensuring that the project meets the
needs of future tenants. However, in a lot of cases, It's possible that a thorough and thorough
site search won't be possible. Circumstances that may have an impact on a site

Among the things to look for are:

1. The community's inventory of available and appropriate sites is insufficient.

2. A sweltering real estate market, with for-profit developers vying for market share, sums
of money paid up front
3. A limited funding opportunity that doesn't allow for enough time to conduct a thorough
site inspection.
4. A site becomes available that is advantageous in terms of cost, political expediency,
and/or other factors, that make up for its flaws

Regardless of the difficult circumstances that may influence site selection and search,
The following are the primary components of the site selection process:

Developing Criteria for Site Selection:

• Dimensions
• Types of housing and their construction
• Geographical location
• Purchase or lease costs
• Zoning regulations
• Acceptance in the community

Developing Criteria for Site Selection

Prior to initiating the site search, or while reviewing an opportunity to acquire a site, it is
essential to carefully define the appropriate criteria for the proposed project by considering
the following:

Cabanatuan City Flood Scenario

Aduas Sur is notorious for having high water levels at all times.
Rain falls at a moderate rate. Property values in the area range from high-end to moderate-
income.
This area is prone to flooding and is an excellent example of a flood.
to take place scenario
Figure 1. Flood Map of Aduas Sur Cabanatuan City

Figure 2. Satellite View

Figure 3. Building Location Site

Scale of Flood Resilient Houses

The scale or size of the proposed project flood resilient houses is proportional to the
housing need. The organization's capacity to develop and/or manage the property was also
identified. The project is in keeping with the height and scale of the area and the density of
the buildings in the immediate vicinity. The number of units is also determined by the
project's level of community support. The maximum allowable development area (based on
zoning and floor area ratios), as well as the maximum allowable development area (based on
zoning and floor area ratios) are considered.

Housing Type and Construction Approach

Flood-Resilient Houses is the type of housing.

The construction method — will assist in guiding the process. Depending on the funding
source, the choice may be limited to one approach. Another important factor to consider is the
cost of construction, as well as the cost of rehabilitation.
Generally less expensive than new construction (unless there are unusual building conditions
or the building is historic). Standards for preservation are required. The number of new
construction projects available will be limited, neighborhoods with available (and affordable)
vacant land or dilapidated structures that can be renovated
A construction site is chosen based on the demand for the project. An existing site is selected,
analyzed, and the type of project to be proposed on that site is determined.
Researcher must also consider the structure's impact on the surrounding environment when
analyzing the site. If the proposed structure has any negative environmental consequences.

Location of Flood Resilient Houses

Location is critical in identifying an appropriate site for a supportive flood resilient

development, as it is in all real estate decisions, and each of the following factors must be
evaluated:

• Public transportation – People should have easy access to public transportation that
connects them to important destinations.

• Neighborhood amenities- Projects should be built in areas with key residential amenities
like affordable shopping (particularly supermarkets), public libraries, post offices, banks,
parks, open space, and recreational facilities. This usually entails locating housing in
established residential areas.

• Public schools and related programs — Projects serving families should be located in
public schools,close proximity to public education resources such as public schools, public or
private preschools, or Headstart programs.

• Safety — If at all possible, the location should not be in a high-crime area, as supportive
housing tenants are particularly vulnerable to victimization. Sites should also follow the
"defensible space" principles, which suggest that low-rise buildings and open site designs
avoid hidden spaces that are conducive to crime (e.g., screened-off playgrounds or
courtyards).

Zoning Considerations
Local zoning regulations can stymie efforts to gain local approval, so they must be carefully
considered when making site selection decisions. If at all possible, limit your site search to
these areas, as the process of applying for and receiving a zoning variance will add time and
uncertainty to your development plans.

Acceptance in the Community

The likelihood of community opposition to a proposed development should be taken into

account when selecting a location. There are significant issues that can arise when planning
the location of new projects, create issues with community acceptance that should be
considered when identifying potential candidates for development, there are several
neighborhoods/blocks to consider, including:

Organization of Outsiders

Neighborhood leaders, who prefer local sponsorship, may be hesitant to support the project.
It could be a fear of outside organizations that are unfamiliar to the neighborhood, or it could
be a lack of sponsorship. When faced with such challenges in a specific neighborhood, it may
be best to work with well-known, community-based partners.

Saturation/Fair Share

Some community is being asked to accept more supportive housing than it "deserves. "and/or
other housing-related services and programs They may be "saturated" with similar
information share plans for diverting new supportive housing and other housing programs, as
well as services away from communities that are defined as "impacted" by having an unequal
distribution of resources

Scale/Impact

A supportive housing project`s scale can have an undue impact on a community. This
impact must be considered when locating new projects in the neighborhood.

Contextual Design
— In terms of scale and impact, the design of supportive housing projects is important. The
goal of integrating the project into the environment should be communicated in the design.

Neighborhood Services That Are Available

The project may be vulnerable to community claims that tenants will be unable to pay their
rent. Obtaining needed assistance and posing a threat to the community

Zoning
Evaluation of parking is one of the most important aspects of a zoning analysis, zoning
requirements are sometimes used to thwart projects that would house the formerly homeless
or the disabled. The project will meet zoning requirements. When possible, a zoning variance
is required, and the project must proceed "as of right
MACRO SITE ANALYSIS

Aduas Sur is a barangay in the city of Cabanatuan, in the province of Nueva Ecija. Its
population as determined by the 2020 Census was 7,640. This represented 2.33% of the total
population of Cabanatuan

In order to design a sustainable structure, reseacher must first study the macro climate of the
area. It will provide people with a clear understanding of the sustainable factors to consider
when designing.

SWOT ANALYSIS MATRIX

SWOT analysis provides important information about both internal and external factors that
can affect an organization's performance. It can assist the organization's leadership in
improving performance, identifying new opportunities, managing competition, maximizing
the return on resources used, and minimizing various business and policymaking risks.

SWOT Analysis

A lot of information can be found in the data collected from 50 people in Aduas Sur who
were interviewed.
There are some interesting facts that can be categorized in each of the SWOT components.
SWOT is made up of several components.
There are two types of factors: internal (strengths and weaknesses) and external (threats and
opportunities) (opportunities and threats).Internal factors are influences that are entirely
derived from the research object, in this case Cabanatuan
Local communities can have both a positive (strength) and a negative (weakness) influence.
External factors are factors that originate outside the local community and influence
(weakness). Cabanatuan Community, on the other hand, is influenced by nature, the
environment, and other outsiders. According to the
The SWOT factors can be mapped one by one using observation and data from the
Cabanatuan. Table 1 shows the SWOT analysis of the Cabanatuan ommunity.

The SWOT analysis is helpful in determining the next step in accurately developing the
concept strategy. When conducting a SWOT analysis, each factor can be divided into four
categories using the crosstabs. To identify it, tabulate the table. These are: strength and
opportunity, threat and strength, and weakness and opportunity.
There is an opportunity, as well as a weakness and a threat. Each category will generate
unique plans based on a combination of factors a variety of circumstances and issues. The
positive and negative aspects should be combined in such a way that
that there are positive aspects to synergy that outweigh the negative aspects. The strategy for
the concept. Table 2 demonstrates this.

STRENGTH

-Community cultural cooperation and mutual assistance

-The society's patience and optimistic nature.
-It is simple to influence and nurture a community.
-Villagers and hamlet residents trust and obey the village/hamlet leader.
-The community's willingness to improve their lives (social and economic)
better in terms of economics
-Communities have a disaster organization or social group.
management.
-The ability to mitigate both physical and non-physical disasters has been built in.
their habitations

WEAKNESS

-Traditional beliefs are still held in some communities.

-People have lost faith in the government.
-People who refuse to adapt the importance of architecture
-People are slow to adapt to new situations, the setting (shelter).
-People who are unable or unwilling to follow the dissemination of information
disaster mitigation simulation
-People are subjected to the traumatic effects of natural disasters.
-Low educational attainment.
-Low-wage workers.

OPPORTUNITY

-The location is convenient to research and higher education institutions.

institutions.
-The private sector provides a great deal of assistance and counseling.
-There are numerous of architect from both within and outside the country who are willing to
help to provide architectural design that will help people

THREATS

-The annual eruption of Merapi is unavoidable.

-Shelters are insufficient.
-There is a lack of coordination between the central and local governments.
about the distribution of funds to the local government
-Land ownership documentation is time-consuming.
-There are issues with the compensation process.

INTERNAL
EXTERNAL

STRENGTH
WEAKNESS

SITE DEVELOPMENT CONCEPT

FUNCTIONAL PROGRAMMING

Overview: The decision-making process that clearly defines the functional programming can
be described as functional programming. Design problem and scope of work Design briefs are
another term for functional programs, facilities programs, architectural programs, space
programs, space need analysis, and the owner's statement of responsibility.

A functional program is generally created through the following activities:

1. Explaining philosophy, vision, and objectives.

Philosophy:
"Recognizing the need is the primary condition for design." - Charles Eames

Vision:
Encourage resilience through sustainability, opportunistic social engagement, environmental
stewardship, and flood resistance

Goal:
Flood-Resilient Houses promotes public realm interaction by providing a visual connection to
the community, which helps people feel less isolated. WFH, homeschooling, and delightful
in-home gatherings have all been accommodated. Our triumphant adaptation of our postwar
house for modern living has provided resilience.

2. Providing a description of the services that will be provided:

*Flood-Resilient Houses
Bamboo, a low-cost, highly sustainable and renewable building material that is widely
available worldwide, lightweight, durable, flexible, and easily cultivated and harvested, is
used to construct the proposed Flood-Resilient Housing. Its rapid growth and ease of handling
make it an excellent choice for attractive low-cost housing.

3. Identifying the operational characteristics of the services.

The goal of a resilience network is to make emergency operations easier and reduce fatalities.
Flood's challenges were taken into account when designing the home. The open spaces within
the home encourage expandability and horizontal integration among family members,
resulting in a balanced environment.

4. Determining which activities, workloads, throughputs, and other metrics may have an
impact on space.
- Convient and Comfortable House

5. Determined the number of people and/or staff needed to provide the services

6. Established connections between spaces or groups of spaces

7. Detailed list of space requirements

Ground Floor
-Living Area
Second Floor
-Bathroom
-Kitchen
-Dining Area
-Bed Area
-

In addition, the following activities may be included in a functional program:

8. Establishing a timeline for the project's completion.

9. Prepared financial information and budgets in advance (see page.

10. Evaluated the site (see page.

ARCHITECTURAL PROGRAMMING

CLUSTER AND ADJACENCY ANALYSIS

CLUSTER OF FLOOD-RESILIENT HOUSE

RESIDENTIAL 1 (R-1) Spaces

Bed
Area

Living Dining
Area Area

Ground Floor Kitchen

Second Floor

LEGEND:

Adjacent

Not Adjacent
ADJACENCY ANALYSIS OF FLOOD RESILIENT HOUSE

Living Area
Bathroom
Kitchen
Dining Area
Bed Area

LEGEND:

Adjacent

Not Adjacent

SITING SCHEMATIC DEVELOPMENT

LEGAL BASIS FOR DESIGN

Zoning Regulation

*Residential zoning 
Residential zoning classifications apply not only to single-family homes, but to all types of
dwellings that people call home.
Depending on the types of residences that are expected to be developed in the zone, the
regulations and requirements can vary significantly.

*Single-Family. R-1, single-family residential zoning district.

Single-family zoning is a legal classification that limits the types of residential housing that
can be built on a given piece of land. Only single-family detached homes are permitted under
these restrictions, prohibiting the construction of multifamily residential housing such as
duplexes or condominiums, which are common in more densely built areas.

Maximum Building Envelope

Architectural Character

Many lives and properties were ruined by flooding during the recent typhoons that hit the
Philippines. Researcher do due diligence when securing a property in a flood-prone area in
Cabanatuan City before considering flood-resilient design.

A building's character and style are determined by its functional, associated, and personal
aspects.

A building's architectural character is divided into three categories:

1. Functional Character

*Every structure serves a specific purpose and is designed with a specific function in mind.
The interior layout is in sync with the building's exterior facade, which explains the structure's
purpose.

*The structure's purpose and function are determined in large part by its external appearance.

The project premise was to design a flood-resilient house with an efficient and concise
personality, one that would foster an intense familial life in which each of its members,
children and adults, would have their own defined space.

Residents' safety is guaranteed.

Animals, intruders, wind, rain, and other climatic factors are examples of external agencies.

Confidentiality and safety

are one of the most important aspects of constructing a structure. As a result, a structure must
be free of external disturbances.

Symbolic function
A building's material manifestation of the ideas and expectations of its engineer, as well as the
customer and thus the users, is often seen as having a social and cultural significance in
society. It also includes the concept of civilisation, which means that the structure and its
activities should not cause any inconvenience to others.

Social function
A building should be designed to meet the needs of its occupants and provide enough space
and location for them to work and live optimally, without jeopardizing their health,
communication, or quality of life.

Economic function
A structure necessitates some investments that add value to the raw materials. Maintenance
and management are exploitation costs that must be offset against rental or sale revenue. As a
result, it is established that a property or a building investment has a value, which is
determined by its economic function.
2. Associated Character

*Some buildings' personalities are expressed through elements linked to specific influences.
These types of influences can often be traced back thousands of years in history and culture.

*Cultural factors play a significant role in determining a structure's Associated Character....

*We recognize a structure based on its characteristics, which we associate with a specific
structural style.

3. Personal Character

Characters in architecture are comparable to personal characteristics. Personal characteristics

such as grace, dignity, and vitality can be expressed as an integral part of a structure if it is
designed in the right spirit

Chapter Rules 7 & 8 of the National Building Code of the Philippines

1. Allowable Maximum Total Gross Floor Area (TGFA) Based on the Allowed
Percentage of Site Occupancy (PSO) of the Total Lot Area (TLA)

*Character of Use/ Occupancy

Residential GROUP A-l (without firewalls)

*Type of Building Structure

Residential 1 (R-1)

*Allowable Maximum Total Gross Floor Area (TGFA)* by Type/ Location of Lot
Corner Lot (see Fig. VIII.10. of Rule VIII)

2. Building Height Limit (BHL) by Type of Use or Occupancy

*Character of Use or Occupancy

Residential

*Type of Building/ Structure

Residential 1 (R-1)

*Number of allowable storeys/floors above established grade

3
*Meters above highest grade
10.00

3. Classification and general requirements of all buildings by use or occupancy

Specific Uses or of Reference Uses or Character Minimum Required Parking

Occupancy (refer to of Occupancies Slot, Parking Area and
Section 701 of this Rule) or Type of Loading Space
Buildings/Structures Requirements

1. GROUP A There are two types of Units with a large

1.1. Division A-1
families: single-family and
multi-family. Single-
detached(R-1), single-
attached(R-1)or duplex (R-2)
dwelling units
2) or rowhouse (R-3)], all of
which are privately owned,
or lots with dwelling units in
residential
subdivisions/developments,
regardless of the number of
hectares/dwelling units.
measurement range
32.00 sq. ft. to 72.00 sq. ft.
meters
and/or with a habitation unit
with a total floor area of
between 18.00 and 22.00 sq.
a minimum of one meter
For every six people, there
will be one pooled off-street
cum onsite parking slot.
(6) vacant lots or lots with a
house
units;
Units with a large
measurement range
50.00 sq. ft. to 96.00 sq. ft.
meters
and/or with a habitation unit
with a total floor area of
30.00 to 42.00 sq. ft.
a minimum of one meter
(1) off-street cum onsite
parking slot pooled for each
a total of four (4) lots or lots
with a total of four (4) lots
residing units;
Z

Note:
* The parking slot requirements must be a part of the overall
plan.
buildings/structures, as well as any parking spaces available
outside the facility
Only buffer parking will be quantified for the
building/structure.

4. Reference Table of Floor to Lot Area Ratio (FLAR) Designations/Rights

*Type of Use or Occupancy
Residential

*Type of Building/Structure
Residential 1 (R-1)

*FLAR Designation/Rights
1.50 (at a 3-storey or 10.00 m BHL)

5. Conversion Table of Gross Floor Area (GFA) to Total Gross Floor Area (TGFA)

*Type of Building/Structure based on Use/Occupancy Excluded Floor Areas (non-GFA)

as a Percentage(%) of the TGFA Multiplier to Convert the GFA to TGFA
Residential 1 (R-1)

*Excluded Floor Areas (non-GFA) as a Percentage (%) of the TGFA

33%

*Multiplier to Convert the GFA to TGFA

1.50

5. Reference Table of Angles/Slopes* To Satisfy Natural Light and Ventilation

Requirements Along RROW and Front Yards

*Type of Use or Occupancy

Residential 1 (R-1)

*Width of Road Rightof-Way (RROW)

8.00 meters

Angle or Slope of Angular Plane for Buildings/Structures Without Projections**

*Angle from Centerline of RROW (Degrees)

46.5

*Ratio (Slope)
9 m:8.5m (1.06)

Angle or Slope of Angular Plane for Buildings/Structures With Projections*

*Angle from Centerline of RROW (Degree)

50.0

*Ratio (Slope)
7.5 m:6.25m
(1.20)

RULE VIII - LIGHT AND VENTILATION

1. Reference Table of Maximum Allowable PSO, Maximum Allowable ISA, the MACA,
the Minimum USA and the TOSL by Type of Land Use Zoning per Lot

*Building/ Structure Use or Occupancy (or Land Use)a

Residential

% of Total Lot Area (TLA)

*Duly-Approved Zoning b
Basic Residential 2 (R- 2)/Medium Density Housing [single family dwelling unit with a
Building Height Limit (BHL) of 10.00 meters]

*Maximum Allowable PSO c,d

55 e

*Maximum Allowable ISAc (Paved Open Spaces)

30

*Minimum USA (Unpaved Open Spaces)

15

*TOSL d (ISA + USA)

45

Lot type

2. Minimum Setbacks for Residential Buildings/Structures

*Yard (Residential 1 (R-1)

Front- 4.50
Side- 2.00
Rear- 2.00

3. Suggested Minimum Lot Sizes, Lot Dimensions and Types by Use or Occupancy

*Use or Occupancy (preferably based on DulyApproved Local Zoning Ordinance)

Residential 1 (R-1)
Lot Location/Type

*Corner Lot or Through Lot (See Rule VIIIFigures VIII.4.& VIII.5.)

365.00 sq. meters
17.00 meters (w) x 21.50 meters (d)

FEASIBILITY OF THE STUDY

Rather than focusing on safety, a flood resilience design emphasizes building functionality.
The designs of Flood-resilient house that can withstand flooding are referred to as resilience
design for flooding hazards, and maintain the design targets for minimum flooding depth.

Bamboo, which is a member of the grass family, has been given many names, including
"Poor man's wood" (low-class material, because people tend to choose brick, concrete and
steel as structural and construction materials for modern buildings)
Bamboo is a sustainable building material because it releases oxygen into the air, which is
something that industrial materials like steel, plastic, and concrete cannot do.

Bamboo's Uses

Baskets for children aged 6 to 9 months

Bamboo Boards or Laminations for 2-3 years

Construction time: 3-6 years

Construction time: 3-6 years

Table 1. Bamboo's Uses at Different Ages

Bamboo rods are hollow, round, segmented, and jointed. Bamboo culms are made up of 50%
parenchyma, 40% fiber, and 10% conducting tissue, indicating that bamboo has a very strong
fiber as a construction material.

*Bamboo has a compressive strength that is at least twice that of concrete.

*Bamboo's tensile strength (28KN/sq.in) is comparable to steel's (23KN/sq.in).
*Bamboo fibre has a higher shear stress than wood and a wider span than wood.
*Bamboo can be curved without breaking or causing damage.
*Bamboo's high elasticity makes it ideal for use as a building material in earthquake-prone
areas.
*Bamboo has an isotropic property, meaning it has cellulose fibre in the longitudinal
direction, which makes it strong and stiff, but lignin in the transverse direction, which makes
it soft and brittle.
*Bamboo has a high fire resistance and can withstand temperatures up to 400°C.

Aside from its beneficial properties, bamboo is susceptible to termites and fungal attacks. As
a result, it is preserved with borax boric acid solution using a variety of methods, including
immersion, gravitational or vertical soak diffusion, and injection with a compressor machine.
Furthermore, borax acid has the ability to extend the life of bamboo. Other than that,

*When bamboo loses water, it shrinks by 10-16 percent in cross–section and has a wall
thickness of 15-17 percent, which is higher than wood. When used as a building material,
precautions are taken to prevent water loss.
*Because of the friction between the culms during wind, they are prone to catching fire
quickly (in the forest).
*Jointing- despite the fact that there are numerous jointing techniques available, their
structural efficiency is low.
*Bamboo structures that have not been treated are unlikely to last more than 5 years.

PROTECTION OF BAMBOO

*Bamboo protector and rejuvenator

Bamboo Protector and Rejuvenator is a product designed specifically for the treatment of
bamboo products. It will protect the bamboo and help it retain its natural color by replacing
the natural oils that have been lost due to weathering.
This formulated oil performs far better than ordinary oils or varnishes. Wood oils don't
penetrate the waxy surface of bamboo very well, leaving it tacky and vulnerable to moisture
and the sun. Varnishes usually peel off when exposed to moisture and sunlight, owing to the
waxy bamboo surface's poor bonding. Bamboo Rejuvenator and Protector will give the
Flood-resilient houses the best possible protection.

Social Cause

According to industry experts, the entire bamboo industry has failed to live up to the social
urban image. Modern bamboo construction and aesthetic architectural design, based on global
innovations and best practices, can address this. The use of prefabricated components,
increased construction speed, and the availability of finance and insurance facilities will all
help to increase social acceptance of bamboo buildings (Manjunath, 2015).

Bamboo's cost-effectiveness

In combination with other materials, being one of the less expensive materials plays an
important role in providing shelter to earthquake-affected people. This is particularly true in
urban areas near bamboo-growing areas. By simply substituting bricks, cement, steel, and
timber, you can save up to 40% on construction costs (Sabnani 2012).

Bamboo processing uses a lot of energy.

According to studies, processing bamboo takes 1/8th the energy of concrete and 1/3rd the
energy of wood to produce a building material with the same capacity. In comparison to steel,
bamboo processing requires only 1/50 of the energy.

Material Combinations and Construction Technologies That Can Help Bamboo

Constructions Overcome Issues

1. Material Vulnerability

Bamboo preservation treatments help to reduce the material`s drawbacks, such as insect
attacks and moisture absorption. To protect the foundation bamboos from ground moisture,
they must be placed at least 1' above the stone masonry.

2. Roof Vulnerability

A bamboo frame with clay tiles as a covering material produces an excellent result. Heat
transfer to the interior is reduced with a suspended ceiling with air cushioning. The addition
of thatch layers thickens the section and allows for a good temperature difference. The thermo
syphon effect, combined with passive solar design principles, will allow hot air to be
displaced and cold air to enter.

3. Wall Vulnerability

Extreme climatic conditions have the greatest impact on bamboo external walls. This problem
can be solved with the use of wall sections. There are a variety of approaches, for example.
Spaced horizontal canes or bamboo laths to hold mud, sometimes combined with broken tiles,
that fills the interior, Reinforced Bamboo fame covered with mud masonry reduces issues of
heat transfer from outside to inside, and offers climatic comfort.
A double layer of horizontal bamboo or small-diameter horizontal canes serves as a
supporting surface for the daub, which is applied on both sides of the hollow interior walls.
Post-disaster, composite precast wall panels can be manufactured to speed up the construction
process. Split bamboo grids/chicken mesh plastered with cement mortar are used as shear
walls to transmit wind loads and provide overall structural stability.

4. Structural System

Use of round bamboo as columns, rafters and trusses as main load bearing elements, along
with proper ground anchorage, is the best structural system.
USES OF BAMBOO IN BUILDING FLOOD-RESILIENT HOUSES

Bamboo is used in the construction of buildings in a variety of ways.

Except for the fireplace and chimneys, the organic form of bamboo has been used in almost
every part of the house construction. The various applications of bamboo in construction are
listed below.

The foundation, floors, doors, windows, plaster, walls, and roof are made of tightly packed
bamboo cane rows that can be propped open for additional ventilation.

"The house can keep people warm in the most extreme conditions and help them control
activities in the future," the architects said. "It can also contribute to ecological development
and economic stability."

1. BAMBOO IN FOUNDATION

Bamboo in Direct Contact with the Ground

Bamboo is either placed on the surface or buried in this type. Large–diameter and thick-
walled sections of bamboo with closely spaced nodes provide strength and stability, or
smaller sections can be tied together if such bamboos are not available.
Furthermore, preservative treatment is advised because it can decay in 6 to 2 years.

Preformed Concrete Footings or Bamboo on Rock

The bamboo is used for bearings in this foundation after the largest and stiffest section of
bamboo is placed out of ground contact on either rock or preformed concrete footings.

2. FLOORING

The floor is raised above the ground, forming a stilt-style structure with a covered storage
area beneath it. By paving the earth floor with crude bamboo boards made by opening and
flattening whole culms, the surface of the earth floor can be stabilized. Bamboo is used in a
variety of ways, including:

Mats made of bamboo

Thin strips of bamboo, measuring 5-6mm or 10-15mm in length and 0.6-1.2mm in thickness,
are woven into mats of various sizes, depending on the availability of hot-press plates and the
needs of the users. After the mats have dried to a moisture content of 6-10%, enough glue is
applied to ensure sufficient bonding between the overlapped areas.

3. WALLS

Bamboo is widely used in walls and partitions, where posts and beams serve as structural
frameworks for carrying the building's own weight as well as moving loads.

An infill between framing members not only completes the wall, but also protects it from rain,
wind, and animals, as well as providing privacy and overall structure stability in the face of
horizontal forces.

4. DOORS AND WINDOWS

Bamboo frames can be used in place of appropriate-functioning timber frames. Reed boards
are reeds that have been pressed flat at high temperatures and are commonly used in flooring,
walls, ceilings, roofing, partitions, doors, and windows.
Hinging bamboo mat shutters fixed to the bamboo frame – to the wall or a panel of bamboo
board fixed to the frame – to the wall can be used for doors. Small bamboo frames can be
hinged to the top of the wall for windows.

5. BAMBOO ROOFING

A building`s roof is arguably its most important feature. against weather extremes such as
rain, sun, and wind wind, as well as to create clear, usable space beneath it the significant
forces generated by the wind and the roof Bamboo is an excellent roofing material in this
regard. A roof's bamboo structure can include "cut" bamboo. It's also used as a roof covering
and for other purposes.

Truss made of bamboo

The bamboo structure of a roof comprises purlins, rafters & trusses because it is strong,
resilient & light–weighted.

The most basic forms are bamboo purlins and beams supported by perimeter posts. The first
layer of halved culms is laid edge-to-edge, from the ridge to the eaves, with the convex side
down. To cover the joints, the second layer, on the opposite side, is laid convex side up.

Bamboo corrugated sheets have been used as a roof covering, with bamboos being dipped in
resin, dried, and heated under pressure in a platen to improve the properties of bamboo, such
as strong, dependable, and lightweight sheets ( assuring good insulation properties).

A layer of bitumen is sandwiched between two bamboo mats to form a semi-rigid panel,
which is fixed at 200-250mm intervals, and then finished with a bituminous or rubberized
weatherproof coating.

6. BAMBOO PLASTER

On bamboo roofs, a cement plaster with or without organic fiber is applied to create a strong
roof covering. Bamboo culm trusses with diameters of 40mm to 100mm are also used
(usually king post trusses).

BAMBOO CONSTRUCTION DETAILS

The longevity of a bamboo structure is dependent on the strength of the joints. The details of
bamboo construction that make it strong are as follows:
BAMBOO INTERLOCKING Design idea from Shoei Yoh in 1989 (MODERN
CONNECTION)

A steel tube was inserted into the bamboo and bolted to the cane to create flood-resilient
housing. The steel tube is strong enough to withstand the tightened bolts' pressure. There are
also two bolts in the vertical direction. A steel bar is welded into the tube and then screwed to
the knot for the knot connection. The connection is also suitable for heavier loads due to the
numerous bolts. The end result is a highly technical but oddly overstyled connection.

Bamboo Building Techniques for Organic Shaped Structures

By curving the bamboo, organic shape buildings usually use arch, spline, or another curvature
shape. Bamboo bending can be done in two ways, according to Dulkenberg:

Method of hot bending

Method of cold bending

However, the researcher used a technique known as cold bending

Method of Cold Bending

It can be done by slashing the bamboo rods or splitting the bamboo into planks and tying
them into a bundle. Bamboo can be curved smoothly or segmentally, and its strength can be
increased or decreased, depending on the method of bending.

The bamboo split method is flexible and easy to construct which can be used to create a
smooth curve even spline shape. However, there is a disadvantage to this method: it can
weaken bamboo and cause structural deformation and deflection

In addition to these methods, the advantage of natural curve bamboo should be taken, which
is dependent on species, soil condition, and environment. The series of continuous curve
shapes is created by joining natural curve bamboo in a row. You can use this method to make
arches or spline roof ridges.

Smaller bamboo or other materials, such as resins, are usually inserted into the culm for
joinery. Curved shapes, particularly arches, can be created by bending and bundling smaller
bamboos in addition to natural curved bamboo.
Note: Bamboo is a wonder grass that can be used to replace other expensive building
materials and provide homes at very low costs, but not at the expense of safety, as it is strong
enough to withstand Seismic Jerks, Hurricanes, and other natural disasters. By using
appropriate construction technology, it is possible to increase the durability of bamboo
structures by protecting them. It can be thought of as a material that can partially replace key
building materials, which account for a significant portion of the overall cost. A material
technology that could make architectural design more functional, durable, safe, green, climate
responsive, affordable, and socially acceptable Measures must be taken to refine bamboo to
the point where it can be classified as a structurally safe and durable material for construction,
attracting bankers, financiers, and other funding sources.

ASSEMBLY OPTION 1 (PESO) OPTION 2 (PESO)

SITE WORK 50,000

FOUNDATION 50,000
FRAMING 20,0000
EXTERIOR WALL 30,000
ROOFING 10,000
LABOR 50,000
TOTAL DIRECT
CONSTRUCTION 150,000
COST.
Table 2. Construction Costs

Note: Site preparation includes things like excavation and concrete pouring.
and so forth. All roof structures and roof framing are included in roof framing.
Sheathing and painting are examples of related activities. Kitchen walls, for example, are a
specialty cabinets, and so on Mechanical is concerned with the toilet, the bathroom, and the
water supply, sewage, and so on… Wiring, lighting, and other electrical subassemblies are all
part of the electrical subassemb. The adoption of resilience design would result in a cost
increase, foundation, framing, roofing, and other ratios

y
Option 1 (Peso)
Option 2 (Peso)
∆Cost