JAYA MULTIPLE CAMPUS

TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY

A project report on
"Online ticketing system"

Department of Humanities and Social Science

(Bachelor of Computer Application)

Submitted By: - Submitted to:

Rekha Dahal (4th Semester) Subash Bista
Kriston Dhungel (4th Semester)
 JAYA MULTIPLE CAMPUS
Tribhuvan University
Faculties of Humanities and Social Sciences

“ONLINE TICKETING SYSTEM”

A PROJECT REPORT
Submitted to
Department of Computer Application
Jaya Multiple Campus

In partial fulfillment of the requirements for Bachelor’s Degree in

Computer Application
Submitted by
Rekha Dahal
Kriston Dhungel
 JAYA MULTIPLE CAMPUS
TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY
SUPERVISOR’S RECOMMENDATION

I hereby recommend that this project prepared under my supervision by KRISTON

DHUNGEL AND REKHA DAHAL entitled “ONLINE TICKETING
SYSTEM” in partial fulfillment of the requirements for bachelor degree in
Computer Application be processed for the evaluation.

…………………………………
Subash Bista
Jaya Multiple Campus
 JAYA MULTIPLE CAMPUS
TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY

LETTER OF APPROVAL

This is to certify that this project prepared by KRISTON DHUNGEL AND

REKHA DAHAL entitles “ONLINE TICKETING SYSTEM” in partial
fulfillment of the requirements for bachelor degree in Computer Application has
been well studied. In our opinion it is satisfactory in the scope and quality as a
project for the required degree.

………………………………… …………………………………..
[Subash Bista] Mr.HOD
JAYA MULTIPLE CAMPUS JAYA MULTIPLE CAMPUS

………………………………… …………………………………..
[ ] [ ]
IOST, Tribhuvan University JAYA MULTIPLE CAMPUS
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We would like to express our gratitude towards our supervisor Mr. Subash Bista who guided and
provided continuous support to us throughout the whole project. He not only supported us but
also encouraged us to do project in right way as well as solved our queries. Along with our
supervisor, we are also thankful to other teachers who helped us to complete the project. We are
grateful to the Principal of our college and the members of Bachelor of Computer Application
(BCA) for providing environment where we were able to finish the project without any hustle.
They encourage us to finish the project making the use of things we have been and studying as
well as the things that we know. We were able to finish this project with the support of our
facilitators who guide us throughout the path.
Finally, we are thankful to our teachers, college and management for providing such
environment where we were able to do project peacefully. In addition to those, many thanks to
our friends who supported and gave suggestions as well as corrected us throughout the process.

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 ABSTRACT:-

Online Ticket Reservation System is a Web based application that works within a centralized
network. This project presents an overview on the software program “Online Ticket Reservation
System” as should be used in a transportation system. OTRS (Online Ticket Reservation
System) is built for managing and computerizing the traditional database and ticket booking. It
maintains all customer details, details, reservation details in order to achieve the design.
Structured Systems Analysis and Design Methodology (SSADM) was adopted. In addition, PHP
Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP) language was used for the front-end of the software while the
back end was designed using MySQL. The software achieved is capable of improving the
customer hand and relationship management in operations. It is recommended that despite the
present functionality of the designed software, an additional functionality such as the use of E-
mail to send tickets and notifications to the customer and an online payment using credit
cards/debit cards should be implemented into the system.

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 Table of Contents
1. Introduction:-.................................................................................................................. 1
2. Background of Study:-...................................................................................................2
3. Problem statement:-......................................................................................................3
3.1 Single Platform Multiple Booking Types.................................................................3
3.2 Slot Management: Close Bookings..........................................................................3
3.3 Booking Cancellation Option for Customers...........................................................4
3.4 Streamline Online Booking Process.........................................................................4
4. Objective:-..................................................................................................................... 5
5. Literature review:-.........................................................................................................6
6. Online Transport Booking System:-...............................................................................7
7. Methodology:-............................................................................................................... 8
7.1 Source of data...........................................................................................................8
7.2 Choice of Methodology............................................................................................8
7.3 SDLC Waterfall model.............................................................................................8
7.4 Feasibility Analysis..................................................................................................9
7.5 System Design:-.......................................................................................................9
7.6 Flowchart:-.............................................................................................................11
7.7 Data Flow Diagram (DFD):-..................................................................................12
8. Input and Output Design: - 8.1 Home Page Design...................................................15
8.2 Information Page....................................................................................................16
8.3 Booking Page.........................................................................................................16
8.4 Services Page.........................................................................................................17
8.5 Contact Page..........................................................................................................17
8.6 Login Page.............................................................................................................18
8.7 Admin Homepage..................................................................................................19
8.8 Admin Booking Page.............................................................................................20
9. Summary:-................................................................................................................... 21
10. Conclusion:-..........................................................................................................21
11. Referances:-...........................................................................................................22
1. Introduction:-

An online ticket system catalogues all the interactions that take place between your
customers and support team. Ticket system software assigns a number to every customer
interaction and logs it as a ticket in your database, helping your team track, monitor, and
resolve issues. Online ticketing system that seamlessly organizes customer interactions
for your business, creating transparency across the chat team and beyond. Ticketing and
payment system is an easy-to-use self-service system which enables the customer buy
ticket online and pays for the ticket through Credit/Debit Card.

In 1957, a meeting of IBM’s salesperson and a former director of American Airlines

initiated the development of an automated reservation tool. It was based on SAGE, a
ground-control environment developed for the US Air Force. Expertise in military
equipment allowed IBM to reuse some of its groundworks for American Airlines and
start creating a Semi-automated business Research Environment or simply SABRE.

SABRE became the first computerized booking system and it quickly boosted
American’s position in the market. Development was finished in 1964 when SABRE
could process over 7,000 bookings per hour with nearly zero error rate. SABRE operated
on two IBM mainframes connected with thousands of terminals allowing American
Airlines operators to check the inventory and book in seconds. Additionally, for the first
time, a reservation system could store passenger information in its memory.

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2. Background of Study:-

The prevalent view in various global circles is that man is presently living in an age
growth of information gathering, processing and dissemination, popularly called the
information age. For this reason, managers and other users' information especially in
transport industries are demanding more kinds of information to support management
and operations.

They must therefore respond to the increasing requirement for information and data
management. Electronic tickets, or e-tickets, gives evidence that their holders have the
permission to enter a place of entertainment, use a means of transportation, or have
access to some Internet services.

The design of this online system will be beneficial to the company. Currently, staff at
the ticket counter is using an internal system to sell tickets at the counter and customers
who are unable to buy ticket online at this moment would have to go to the counter to a
buy ticket. Sometimes, customers’ needs to queue up a long queue to buy ticket and ask
for information and this brings a lot of inconveniences to customers. However, Online
Ticket Reservation System enables the customer to buy ticket, make payment, and ask
for information online easily.

Furthermore, staff can sell ticket using Ticket Reservation System after checking the
ticket availability for the customer and print the ticket to the customer.

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3. Problem statement:-

The online booking Industry constantly exploring new opportunities to evolve. With the
evolution of online booking engines, it becomes crucial to standardize the online booking
process. So, if you want to start an online booking business, you need to understand what
challenges you can face in building a stable yet powerful online booking system.

3.1 Single Platform Multiple Booking Types

If you are willing to sell multiple types of products or services on your store then, you
definitely require an option to select the booking type as per your business requirement.
Let’s understand it with an instance.
Suppose you offer Salon appointment booking service online and Make-up kits on
rent. So, you may get stuck in creating a single system that offers appointment bookings
& rental bookings at the same time.
Now, it seems to be a challenge to develop an online booking system that offers multiple
types of bookings on a single platform.

3.2 Slot Management: Close Bookings

What if you are planning a vacation & want to prevent bookings on specific days? If this
is the case, you definitely require a system that lets you close certain dates to avoid
bookings on those dates.
Let’s understand this with a live example: - Suppose you run an online hotel booking
business. You want to close bookings for some of your rooms as the rooms need to be
redesigned. So, this can only be achieved if your online booking system will have this
feature to restrict bookings on specific days.

Other Examples:-
You are going for a vacation & unable to provide salon service to your customers for 1
week. So, you can close bookings for 1 week.

There seems to be a defect in your booking product & it will take time to get recovered
in good condition. You can close bookings in this case as well.

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One Solution: - As the Close Booking seems to be a must-have feature for your online
booking system, booking app is the one to help you provide an option to overwrite slots
of some specific days when your service is unavailable.
3.3 Booking Cancellation Option for Customers

It’s always been challenging to manage online booking cancellations.

If you provide the booking cancellation option to customers, you will frequently receive
tons of booking cancellation requests from the customers that are too complex to
manage. On the other hand, if you will not provide the cancel booking option to your
customers, you will be flooded with bookings or probably start receiving spams.
This may also result in a large number of no-shows if the customers find no option to
cancel bookings.
Price per Booking: Time Slot Management
It’s quite complex to manually set up a different price for each booking slot. In order to
have a flexible price for each booking, your online booking system should be capable
enough to show a different slot price of the same booking product on different dates.
Let’s understand it with a simple example.

One Live example you might have observed: – You see a little variation in the price of
the movie tickets if you book the tickets on week-days and if you book them on
weekends. This means that the booking service provided to you is the same but the slot
price varies based on the slot you select.

3.4 Streamline Online Booking Process

Don’t let your buyers confused once they visit your website to schedule appointments
online.

This is ultimately a real-time interaction between you & your buyers who visit your
website to book the products or services. So, it’s always been challenging to identify the
bottlenecks that eventually leads to an obstacle for the online booking system. Just pick
them out & build up your system in such a way that users find it a cakewalk to book
products or services on your website.

Thus, streamline your booking process and provide a better booking experience for your
customers.

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 2. Objective:-

1. Develop a Ticketing System that will be able to solve the issues in the existing system
regarding to the following categories:
A. Accuracy
B. Usability
C. Efficiency
D. Effectiveness
E. Speed
F. User-friendliness

2. Provide a seat selector tool that will be used by both the passenger and the airline
authorized employee to manage booking information.

3. Provide the proposed project the capability to book different kind of passenger.

4. Provide a ticketless flight travel using the proposed project ticketing system feature

5. Build the proposed project with the capability to include special handling procedure to a
booking reference of a specific passenger.

6. Build the proposed project with the capability to make rebooking, and re-routing option.

7. Also the capability of the system to make re-issuance of tickets. Refunding and
processing of flown ticket will also be included.

8. An online plane ticketing platform for airlines only.

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3. Literature review:-

According to Kevin (2012) Web-based Ticketing System is a generic web portal

application that aids customers to reserve a seat in a certain company anytime and
anywhere and variety of buses that satisfy the customer’s requirements are provided. The
project, on the company’s side, serves as a marketing strategy and aids an efficient
processing and delivery of itinerary receipts.

The project used software like Adobe Photoshop CS4 for the creation of the images,
Adobe Dreamweaver CS4 and Notepad++ as a development tool, MySQL for the
database, Apache as the web server, mpdf for the creation of PDF and PayPal Sandbox
for the payment. For the main effects, it However, the softwares adopted in this project,
has in recent times been upgraded. Therefore, Adobe Dreamweaver CS6, Adobe
Photoshop CS6, MySQL v.5 are going to be used to implement this project.

A consultant with European Metropolitan Transport Authority (EMTA), Mohamed

Mezghani (2008) stated that EMTA has established a working group to work on the issue
of electronic ticketing. This group is mandated to generate knowledge, exchange/compile
information and learn from the experience of its members in the field of electronic
ticketing. In his framework, EMTA has launched a study on electronic ticketing in public
transport under the supervision of the working group and they designed certain concepts
such as the public transport pricing, public transport ticketing and electronic ticketing in
public transport.

On the contrary, his research which discussed certain concepts in relation to electronic
ticketing in public transport was a one-directional article which didn’t relate the idea
about customer reserving seats and for their journey at a date chosen by them.
Nevertheless, this project will be designed to encapsulate these areas mentioned as well
as display certain screenshots of the customers’ reservations system.

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4. Online Transport Booking System:-

Badariah, (2007) emphasized that the Online Transport Booking System which was
developed at Politeknik Kota Kuala Terengganu (PKKT) was to make sure that users
could make their online booking or reservations to their desired transport companies with
facilities provided by the new system. He pointed out that the methodology and
technology being used in this new transport system could be applied to other areas of
activities. The user who wants to use the transport must make an application to book the
transport before boarding. Similarly, after considering the type of system which Badariah
adopted, this project will be designed with the same aim of presenting the customers of
Imo Transport Company with the opportunity of making reservations at the comfort of
their homes or offices without being faced with the challenges of queuing at counters
before embarking on any journey. This project will also enlighten prospective customers
and users of the system on the need to patronize the system as it displays more
advantages over the old system by providing an easy to use Graphic User interface (GUI)
interaction, etc.

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5. Methodology:-

7.1 Source of data.

The data may be collected for either theoretical or practical research for example
management research may be strategically conceptualized along with operational
planning method and change management. Information which was used for this study
was carried out by interview & Research.

7.2 Choice of Methodology.

For any project to be completed, it has to go through stages called Development Life
Cycles.
System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is the process of understanding how an
Information System (IS) can support business needs, designing the system, building it
and delivering it to users. The SDLC composes of four phases: Planning, Analysis,
Design and Implementation.

7.3 SDLC Waterfall model

In order for this project to be developed, the methodology that will be used is the System
Structured Analysis and Design Methodology. The SSADM is classified as a Waterfall
Development. With Waterfall Development, analyst and users proceed sequentially from
one phase to the next and each phase can be mapped out and evaluated (Hevner, 2004).
Below, in figure a diagram on the waterfall methodology.

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 PLANNING
Planning P

Analysis

Design

Implementation

System

The waterfall development

Methodology (Wee, 2007)
7.4 Feasibility Analysis

The study of effect on the organization after the development of system is feasibility
analysis. The system may be positive as well as negative impact on organization. The
feasibility study can be carried out in four ways such as technical, economical,
operational and schedule.

7.4.1 Technical Feasibility

 While developing this project. the tools which were used are VS and  MS SQL Server
Management
 VS and MS SQL Server have free access to user, they were selected to use. As, we have
studied about this software in basic, they were easy to use.
 No need to generate code ourselves.

7.4.2 Economic Feasibility

 No cost is used in programming language like C#, VS, MS SQL Server.

 Took about 4 months to develop this project.
 Took few costs while printing and gold binding this project.

7.4.3 Operational Feasibility

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  Does not require manual work.
 This project saves the precious time of people as they don’t have to go to ticket counter
to buy.
 Requirement of computer knowledge.

7.4.4 Schedule Feasibility

 This project was completed within the scheduled period of time.

7.5 System Design:-

To design the system, waterfall model is used as this system is easy to use. First, the
requirements are collected, and then blueprint of project is made followed by code
implementation, testing and finally maintenance.

Planning Requirement Database Design and Testing and Documentation

Analysis Design Development Implementation

Start 1/5/2077 16/5/2011 1/6/2077 16/6/2077 17/7/2077 8/8/2077

Duratio 15 Days 15 Days 15 Days 30 Days 20 Days 45 Days

n

7.5.1 Planning

7.5.2 Gantt Chart.

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7.6 ER Diagram:-

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 7.7 Data Flow Diagram (DFD):-

A data flow diagram (DFD) is a graphical representation of the "flow" of data through an
information system, modeling its process aspects. A DFD shows what kind of
information will be input to and output from the system, where the data will come from
and go to, and where the data will be stored.
The development of DFD’S is done in several levels. Each process in lower level
diagrams can be broken down into a more detailed DFD in the next level. The Top-level
diagram is often called context diagram. It consist a single process bit, which plays vital
role in studying the current system. The process in the context level diagram is exploded
into other process at the first level DFD shows a data flow diagram about the system.

7.7.1 LEVEL 0

INQUIRY/BOOKING
USER

TICKETS/SERVICES/DETAILS Reservation
MAINTAIN/MASTER

ADMIN
GENERATE

: View of Online Ticket Reservation System.

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 7.7.2 LEVEL 1

Validate l Login details

ADMIN
1.
Login

2.
Generate reports
Maintain
Master Tables 3 .DATABASE

Update customer's details

: User view of Online Ticket Reservation System

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 7.7.3 Level 2

user
1.

View schedule

Booking/reservation

Print Print ticket.

2
3.
Ticket Reservation/cancellation
Verify details
< Make reservation and payments>

Response to queries Update information

4.

Database

: Admin view of Online Ticket Reservation System

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6. Input and Output Design: -

8.1 Home Page Design.

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8.2 Information Page.

8.3 Booking Page.

17
8.4 Services Page

8.5 Contact Page.

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8.6 Login Page.

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8.7 Admin Homepage.

8.8 Admin Booking Page.

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 7. Summary:-

In 1974, American airlines were the first to use an automated booking system, which was still
almost manual. Technology grew, and a computer reservation system was developed. In this
present era, online booking or reservation system has improved the operations of various sectors
of a nation’s economy deploying this system. Online Ticket Reservation System being a web
based system that ensures that the company would be able to transform most of the processes
carried out manually into automated, error-free and easy to use operations in the organization
especially in the area of transportation; also it would be able to generate report for the
management decision purpose. This system will be developed using a waterfall methodology for
research and design purposes, PHP as the programming language
because of its server-side processing capabilities that makes data process less on the client
personal computer, an implementation strategy as well as testing and maintenance strategies
suitable for efficient deployment of the system.

8. Conclusion:-

It can be observed that computer applications are very important in every field of human
endeavor. Here all the information about customer that made reservation can be gotten just by
clicking a button with this new system, some of the difficulties encountered with the manual
system are overcome. It will also reduce the workload of the staff, reduce the time used for
making reservation at the bus terminal and also increase efficiency. The application also has the
ability to update records in various files automatically thereby relieving the company’s staff the
stress of working from file security of data.

This project, as a whole, will give a new way in reservations and ticketing processes. The
automation and management of seats and reservations will be done online. However, this project
does not limit the walk-in passengers that is passengers who visit the company’s counter
because it also caters for them. This also lessens the use of papers like in the traditional way of
ticketing.

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9. References:-
Kevin O. C., (2012): Web-Based Bus Reservation and Ticketing System: College of
Computer Studies, Ateneo de Naga University, And Naga City, Philippines February 26,
2012

Wee K. L. (2007): Bus Reservation System: Faculty of Information and Communications

Technology, University technical Malaysia Melaka

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