1 A tank holding 60 kg of water is heated by a 3 kW electric immersion heater.

If the specific
heat capacity of water is 4200 J/(kg ºC), estimate the time for the temperature to rise from 10
ºC to 60 ºC.
2 A piece of aluminium of mass 0.5 kg is heated to 100 ºC and then placed in 0.4 kg of water
at 10 ºC. If the resulting temperature of the mixture is 30 ºC, what is the specific heat capacity
of aluminium if that of water is 4200 J/(kg ºC)?
3 How much heat is needed to raise the temperature by 10 ºC of 5 kg of a substance of
specific heat capacity 300 J/(kg ºC)? What is the thermal capacity of the substance?
4. A domestic hot water tank contains 200 kg of water at 20°C. How much energy must be
supplied to heat this water to 70°C? (Specific heat capacity of water = 4200J/(kg°C).)
5. The specific heat capacity of steel is 420J/(kg°C).
a How much energy is required to heat 1kg of steel by 20°C?
b How much energy is required to heat 5kg of steel by 20°C?
6. A beaker contains 1 kg of water at 20°C. A student heats a 1 kg block of aluminium to
100°C and then drops it in to the water. After a short while, the water and the block both
reach a temperature of 38°C.
7. When 26 400 J of energy is supplied to a 2.0 kg block of aluminium, its temperature rises
from 20 °C to 35 °C. The block is well insulated so that there is no energy loss to the
surroundings. Determine the specific heat capacity of aluminium.
8. Calculate the energy which must be supplied to raise the temperature of 5.0 kg of water
from 20 °C to 100 °C.
9 Which requires more energy, heating a 2.0 kg block of lead by 30 K, or heating a 4.0 kg
block of copper by 5.0 K?
10 A well-insulated 1.2kg block of iron is heated using a 50W heater for 4.0min. The
temperature of the block rises from 22°C to 45°C. Find the experimental value for the
specific heat capacity of iron.
11. The specific latent heat of vaporisation of water is 2.26 MJ kg-1. Calculate the energy
needed to change 2.0 g of water into steam at 100 °C.
12. The specific latent heat of fusion of water is 330 kJ kg-1. Calculate the energy needed to
change 2.0 g of ice into water at 0 °C.

13 How much heat is needed to change 20 g of ice at 0 ºC to steam at 100 ºC?

14. An aluminium can of mass 100 g contains 200 g of water. Both, initially at 15 ºC, are
placed in a freezer at -5.0 ºC. Calculate the quantity of heat that has to be removed from the
water and the can for their temperatures to fall to -5.0 ºC.
15. a How much heat will change 10 g of ice at 0 ºC to water at 0 ºC?
b What quantity of heat must be removed from 20 g of water at 0 ºC to change it to ice at
0ºC?
16 a How much heat is needed to change 5 g of ice at 0 ºC to water at 50 ºC?
b If a freezer cools 200 g of water from 20 ºC to its freezing point in 10 minutes, how much
heat is removed per minute from the water?
17 How long will it take a 50 W heater to melt 100 g of ice at 0 ºC?
18 Some small aluminium rivets of total mass 170 g and at 100 ºC are emptied into a hole in
a large block of ice at 0 ºC.
a What will be the final temperature of the rivets?
b How much ice will melt?
19 a How much heat is needed to change 4 g of water at 100 ºC to steam at 100 ºC?
b Find the heat given out when 10 g of steam at 100 ºC condenses and cools to water at 50
ºC.
20 A 3 kW electric kettle is left on for 2 minutes after the water starts to boil. What mass of
water is boiled off in this time?
21 A cooking pot contains 0.80 kg of water at 100°C. How much energy must be supplied to
boil all of the water so that the pot is dry? The specific latent heat of vaporisation of water is
330kJ/kg.
22. a A 500 W kettle contains 300 g of water at 20 °C. Calculate the minimum time it would
take to raise the temperature of the water to boiling point.
b The kettle is allowed to boil for 2 minutes. Calculate the mass of water that remains in the
kettle.
(Specific heat capacity of water = 4.18 × 103J kg-1°C-1,
specific latent heat of vaporisation of water = 2.26 × 106J kg-1.)