CAUSE EFFECT :

Activity 1

1. Terminology : Fungsi Bahasa

cause-and-effect is noting a relationship between actions or events such that one or more are the result of
the other or others.
Cause Effect is recording the relationship between actions or events in such a way that one or more is the
result of the other or the other. Cause and effect are commonly used in everyday conversation and in a text.
Usually also applied when making an essay. The use of cause and effect explains why an action or event
occurs.

Aims : Language Function

Collins Dictionary, you use cause and effect to talk about the way in which one thing is caused by another.
You can use cause and effect to talk about how one thing is caused by another. So, the purpose of writing
causal sentences is to explain how one thing is caused by another
.

2. Connetor : Language Feature

To connect cause and effect, we need to use sentence connectors or sentence connectors in the form of
words or phrases. Quoted from English Grammar, there are several liaisons, namely :

 because of,  because,

 due to,  since,
 as a result of,  therefore
 owing to,  as, dan
 as a consequence of,  for.
 thanks to.

Connector diikuti oleh: NOUN PHRASE Connector yang diikuti oleh : VERB PHRASE

3. Structure :
When expressing cause and effect, we need to pay attention to the structure. The structure is influenced by
the connector. Quoting Really Learn English, the causal sentence structure in English is:
 Signal word/phrase + Cause, + Effect
 Effect + Signal word/phrase + Cause

Notes :
Signal words is connector
 Signal words/connector followed by noun / noun phrase,
The connectir is due to, because of, owing to, as a consequence of, as a result of, thanks to.
 Signal words/connector followed by subject + verb or verb phrases is because, since, as, dan for.

Example followed by nounphrase :

 Due to the hot weather, we stayed at home all day.
Due to: connector/signal phrase
The hot weather: cause (the hot weather merupakan noun phrase).
We stay at home all day: effect

Example followed by verb phrase :

 We stayed at home all day because the weather was hot.
We stayed at home all day: effect
Because: connector/signal word
The weather was hot: cause (was merupakan auxiliary verb)
Another Examples :
Here are some examples related to cause effect :
A. Using signal words followed by noun/noun phrase:
Find the connector,effect, and phrase (verb phrase or noun phrase) of the following sentences, then write
your answer on to the box given below!

1. I didn’t go to school due to the heavy rain. (................................................................................)

2. Karina got a reward because of her hard work. (..........................................................................)
3. Father couldn’t come home early owing to a sudden meeting. (.................................................................)
4. Tina was punished by her teacher as a consequence of her lateness. (.........................................................)
5. As a result of this pandemic, students are required to study at home. (.............................................................)

No Connector Effect Noun Phrase

1

B. Using signal words followed by subject + verb/verb phrases:

1. I couldn’t sleep because my brother watched football matches all night. (...................................................)
2. I don’t go to the library since it is Sunday. (...................................................)
3. As Tio took the wrong bus, he will come home late. (...................................................)
4. Bobby had diarrhea for he ate a lot of spicy food. (...................................................)
5. For the time is over, the football atthletes must end their play. (...................................................)

No Connector Effect Noun Phrase

1