Appendix

A1. Sample characterization: Valdivia region

Prograde, quartz-apatite and carbonate mobilisates

VAL72 (39°45.872' S, 73°23.430' W, southern end of Playa Curiñanco). quartz-apatite
mobilisate, forming lenses within metabasites. Field evidence indicates mobilisate
formation prior to end of ductile deformation of metabasite. Assemblage: quartz (~95%),
apatite (~5%), feldspar (traces), white mica, chlorite.

VAL73 (39°43.205' S, 73°24.313' W, isolated cliff at Playa Curiñanco). Carbonate

mobilisates, very rich in apatite, some with foliation defined by amphibole, white mica and
chlorite. Mobilisates form foliation-parallel layer and schlieren in metabasites, crystallized
during early stages of metabasite deformation. Assemblage: calcite, barroisitic amphibole,
apatite (~3%), epidote, dolomite (?), chlorite, biotite, magnetite, white mica.

Main penetrative deformation

VAL1 (39°49.636' S, 73°24.262' W, Punta Juan Laforre, N' Niebla/Valdivia) Quartzitic
micaschist, with penetrative mylonitic deformation. Bent around a metabasitic boudin.
Slightly weathered. Assemblage: Quartz, white mica, albite, epidote, chlorite.

VAL18 (39°56.686' S, 73°17.008' W, Rio Futa). Quartzitic micaschist, showing

characteristic 130° stretching lineations. Assemblage: quartz, white mica, albite, apatite,
ilmenite, pyrite, hematite (secondary), biotite (rare).

VAL19 (39°53.374' S, 73°26.167' W, Village of Corral). Fine grained quartzitic micaschist,

showing E-W stretching lineations, possibly associated with early stages of duplex
formation (?). Slightly weathered, weathering particularly affects feldspar. Assemblage:
Quartz, white mica, albite, chlorite, biotite, apatite, garnet, zircon (detrital).

VAL20 (39°25.146' S, 72°43.218' W, Ruta 5, near Loncoche). Metabasic schist,

dominated by chlorite and epidote. Assemblage: epidote, chlorite, white mica, albite,
quartz, apatite (rare), quartz, titanite.

VAL23 (39°49.052' S, 72°54.998' W, close to Los Lagos, road to Valdivia). Quartz-albite

schist, with penetrative foliation and syn-to late tectonic albite. Assemblage: quartz, albite,
white mica, chlorite, garnet, tourmaline, hematite, apatite(?, rare)

Quartzitic mylonite, separating nappe-like structures

VAL11 (39°40.533' S, 73°21.337' W, Playa Pilolcura) Near-horizontal layer of quartzitic
mylonite, showing E-W stretching lineations, which are structurally later than the 130°
stretching lineations in underlying rocks. Mylonite separates a lower nappe of metabasites
+ quartzite which show development of 2. schistosity near the contact, from an upper
nappe made up of graphitic micaschists which partially also show an E-W stretching
lineation. Mylonite assemblage: Quartz, white mica, albite, apatite, garnet, zircon (detrital),
tourmaline.

Post-tectonic vein: epidote mobilisate

VAL8a (39°40.015' S, 73°21.206' W, near Punta Chungungo). Quartz-epidote mobilisate.
Discordant, post-tectonic vein within metabasite block, embedded in micaschist.
Assemblage: epidote, quartz, white mica, apatite, chlorite.

Semi-ductile extensional shear zones

VAL2 (39°49.636' S, 73°24.262' W; Punta Juan Laforre, N' Niebla/Valdivia; collected
approx. 2m away from VAL1) Quartz-rich extensional shear band, showing 130°
stretching lineations. Width: ~2 cm. Microscopic aspect indicates near-complete reworking

Glodny et al.: Background dataset 1

 of primary minerals and a more mafic lithology than in VAL1. Slightly weathered.
Assemblage: Quartz, white mica, albite, epidote, chlorite, garnet.

PCB 2 (39°43.110' S, 73°24.313' W, northern end of Curiñanco beach) Quartz-mica schist

in extensional shear zone. Surrounding quartzitic micaschists form the matrix to
metabasite boudins. Assemblage: Quartz, white mica, with minor albite, chlorite, ilmenite.

Tension gashes
VAL68 (39°50.788' S, 73°23.917' W, Niebla / Bahia de Corral). Tension gash, up to 5 cm
wide, mineralized with quartz and traces of white mica, in quartzitic micaschist.
Assemblage: quartz (>99.9%), white mica.

VAL70 (39°49.559' S, 73°24.274' W, 3 km N' Niebla). Tension gash, up to 15 cm wide,

mineralized mainly with quartz, in quartzitic micaschist. Belongs to brittle fracture system
which strikes perpendicular to the regional foliation. Assemblage: quartz (>99%), calcite,
white mica.

VAL71 (39°49.317' S, 73°24.483' W, Niebla / Bahia Corral). Tension gash system in

quartzitic micaschist. Direction of strike: 160°, near-perpendicular to the local foliation.
Assemblage: quartz (>99.9%), white mica, traces of chlorite.

Zircon fission track samples

VAL21 (39°48.380' S, 72°52.135' W, near Los Lagos). Quartz-albite schist, with

penetrative foliation and syn-to late tectonic albite. Multi-population detrital zircon.
VAL24 (39°48.415' S, 73°02.775' W, road between Los Lagos and Valdivia). Lithologically
heterogeneous albite schist. Multi-population detrital zircon.
VAL25 (39°48.232' S, 73°09.104' W, road between Los Lagos and Valdivia). Quartz-albite
schist, strongly weathered. Multi-population detrital zircon.

Glodny et al.: Background dataset 2