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earm wó b*0awm t&[awm or®morÁK'¨ó/

ueef;a'oü xreftEG,f pwifjcif;
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f mG ;wdYk tpnftqufajymqd0k Mf uaom taMumif;pum;
rSm r[mNrdK0fNrdK0fuvmaomtaMumif;um;? r[mNrdKifNrdKU0frmS apBuD;&So d nf? zrm &Sef uwk ucsif
wd0k o
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onf aMumufveS w f ek v f w k í f rwdu k rf jzwf0efyJ jyefMuav\/ ¤FaemufrS yuHjynfu0kd f tkypf &kd aom
rif;uvnf? o®nKd ? o®jzLwdaYk c:í Munf½h aI [mapaomf? xdak pBuD;ud0k f jzwfrS Ekid rf nf[k a[maom
aMumifh yuH&iS Bf uD;ud0k v f mapí r[mNrdKifNrdK0fo0kd af &mufvQif? r[mNrdKifNrdK0fu0kd f tkypf 0kd ;f &aom
'g&umrif;BuD;? þapBuD;ud0k jf zwfvQif onfxufr[mZrÜK'Dyg wuRef;vHu k 0kd f tpd0k &f rnf[k yuH
a[majymavaomf? rif;vnf; xd0k af pBuD;ud0k , f al pí jzwfap\ yuH&iS Bf uD;vnf; jyefaví 'g,
umjrwfaomrif;BuD; ,ckrmS apBuD;ud0k jf zwfavNyD? oGm;íwdu k jf zwfaomf atmift[ H k qd0k af om
aMumifh yuHjynfut kd yk pf 0kd af omrif;vnf; rsm;pGm aomppfonfAv kd yf gwd0k o
f mG ;í wdu k jf zufav[k
apvGw\ f xd0k t f cg ppfo,fyv kd w f 0kd v
hf nf; vmíwdu k af vaomf? xd0k t f cg r[mNrdKifrif;vnf; xdak p
BuD;wdapaomf raMumufrvef rwHek f rvkw&f í dS wdu k af vaomf Ekid af v\/ r[mNrdKifüaeaomol
taygif;wd0k o hf nf jyufpí d xGuaf jy Muaomf? wcsK0f;rSm ueef;rSm 0ifvmí aevmonf/ ouú&mZf
9&m 55ckEpS w f iG f xrefuuf oGt H NrdK0ftEG,v f mí&Gmwnfonf/ ¤FaemufrS 9&m74ckEpS w f iG f ajrpdu
k f
MbKm;wnfonf/
xd0k tf aMumif;ywåu d 0kd af jyma[monfum;-
[JEkatmifbdk0fMqmpEÅ0&yk*¾dKvfax&fajyma[mayaomtaMumif;ywådudk0f? wynfhjzpf
aom eefpMqmapmwoD&dyk*¾dKvfax&frSwfrdaomtaMumif;udk0f urÜJo®dKifarmfuGef;pmESifh tpOf
tquf om;ajr;jrpfrw S af p&mum;/
uufo(HG om;)4a,muf/ (om;OD;um; vwm; nDeifa[G? nDeifvu kd ?f nDeifpif) vwm aom
eifum? eifbmwdk0f tdrfaxmifonf? om;(4)a,muf? vyef? nD ylxGwf? nD eifodkif? nD eifa[G?
yl,Gwf? r,m;rJ,Gef;? rJ,Gefom; a&Taemif? nDylxGeforD;2a,muf vxGefnD apmvk? a,musFm;
2a,muf eifb?HG nDxeG ;f v? eifoikd o f m;? eifa[G? eifa[Gom;(4)a,muf atmifabmf? nD cspfaxG;
nD uufo?HG nD xGe;f yk/ &Jausmf om;r&S?d tarGcx H eG &f ud0k ,f ol nf/ eifacG;onf eefwuforD; buF
awmiftNrdK0f;wd0k f tdraf xmifonf/
v,fcsHvw k u f saomf 0ef;[Jae;ud0k f vkw&f mwGif rd;k usKd0;f jypfonf/ ovHo k ud0k rf oS nfah erSp
í 0ef;[Jae;ud0k f Munfah &SmifaomaMumif; 0ef;[Jwu kd tf NrdK0f;tEG,[ f k wGio f nf/ atmifabmfom;
a,muFsm;(aomusFmom;) r,m;BuD;atmifjzL? r,m;i,fom; ae,Ge?f atmifjzLom; xGe;f atmif?
nD yefp?H nD MumxGe;f ? ae,Ge;f om? a&Tcikd ?f cspfaxG;om; atmifarG;? nD eifa&Sm?f nD bHBuD;pH -
 2
atmifarGom; aevHo k ?d ausmfyef? aevHo k m; a&T0if? eifa&Smof m; MumvH?k nD xGe;f ausmf? uufou HG kd
ynmac:onf/ ynmom; ausmfcikd ?f nD a&Ty?k ausmfEidk o f m; aomf xif? aomfxifom; aeyef? nD
omyef? nD uR,f0? a&Tyo k m; aexGe;f ? nD armify?k aexGe;f om; pH0if;? xGe;f ykom; ausmfi?kH xd0k o f l
om;tzonf aoqH;k í tarGcjH ywf\/ yHn k Kd 0fom; pHaxG;? pHjrm;? nD pHaumif;? nD aomfpeHk ?f pHjr
om; a&Twikd ?f xd0k yf nkH Kd 0fonf om;ajr;aoqH;k í tarGcH jywf\/ eifapGom;2a,muf vvdu k nf D
aomfxeG ;f ? vvdu k rf ,m; rJaexGe;f ? om;a,musFm; aexGe?f orD;(4)a,muf omap? rJa&Tabmf?
aywm? rJcHvdkuf/ eif;jzLom;r&Sd? vaumfrJMumpH? aomfxGef;r,m; vcJar;rJo®D2a,muf vrJ?
tGHcdkif? r,m; vnL? rJausmf om;3a,muf? &J ausmf nD barmif? nD eifom/ /
eifcif om;1a,muf a,musFm; nDycl /J orD;2a,muf irJref? nD rJatmifñeG ?f a,musFm
om; 5a,muf? vppf? nD pae? nD armifjzL? nD xGeaf tmif? nD cspfavmuf? paeom; aomfnKd 0f?
aomfnKd 0fom; aexif? aexifom;a,musFm; nDwBkH uD MumxGe?f nDxeG ;f ausmf? nDbeHk ;f BuD;xGe;f wuf?
nDarmiftif? a,musFm;om; vbH? nDaxG;abmf? axG;ausmfom; atmifyef? cspfavmufom;
a,musFm; wa,muf vwm? vwmr,m; rJa&TO?D OD;arJaygom? aygomom;2a,muf aygeifoikd ?f
nDbBkH uD;eifaumf/ ylco J m; vwm/ vwmom; eifoikd ?f eifoikd o f m; ausmfvm/ nDnKd 0fw?d nDuufo?HG
aMumfvmom; armifyk? nDjrxif? nD NzdK0fxif? nD NzdK0fausmf? armifykom; vGef;ausmf? nDvGef;pH?
nDveG ;f Mum? jrxifom; cspfaiG? nDcspfuR,f/ cspfaiGom; omyef? nD ausmfyef? NzdK0f;xifom; pHyef?
nD armifav? pHyefom;/ /
armifav;om; atmifom/ NzdK0fausmfom; a&TxGef? a&TxGefom; omrdk;? nD ndKwd? om;
ausmfyef? a&Tckd (nD) xGe;f a&T? xGe;f a&Tom; pHwyk ?f nDaeyH?k pHwyk o f m; ndK0foiG ?f nD axG; ausmf? nD
pH0g? nD axG;cdkif? nD atmifuH? aeyHk om;r&Sd/ tarGcHjywf\/ atmifjzL? xGef;jzL vnfac:\/
atmifjzLom; pHcikd ?f pHcikd o f m; armifxif? nD armifusif/
uufoo HG m; cspfO;D ? nD axG;aemif? orD;4a,muf? ayom? rJcu H ?J arJvpH? rJrad emif/

þxrefuufo0HG ef[oJ nf? r[mNrdKifuvmaom tNrdK0ftEG,t f aMumif;ud0k ?f om;ajr

jrpfwikd af tmif tpnfqufvufí ajymqdrk w S &f atmif eefpMqmapmwoD&yd *k Kd¾ vfx&fonf urÜJ
o®Kd if;pmudk a&;ul;rSwo
f í xcJo
Y nf/ &[ef;&Siv f l MuOf½rI w
S Mf uyg/

xrefeifvikd t f NrdK0ftEG,?f zd0k ;f zGm;om;ajr;jrpftpOftqufvufí ajymqd0k rf w S of m;

p&mum;-
rd;k aumif&iS rf if;BuD; ydik t
f yk pf 0kd ;f csKyfp&D ifí &Gmudpk m;onfumv? ueef;&Gmv,fvw k of m® ;
ud0k f pD&ifOwfcsKyfonf/ 9apmif;? awmif,moGm;ud0k f pD&iftyk cf sKwfonf? 9apmif aygif wqJ&Y pS f
apmifukd pD&iftyk cf sKyfonfumv? ypfteG f pm;onf/ vlqufz0kd pf nfbquf yg;rdik ?f nD yg;tGef yg;tGef
om; wm;cEkid ?f wm;cEkid o f m; wuGv J u kd ?f wuGv J ukd o
f m;? wuGaJ [mf? wuGJ a[mf om; qeifteG ?f
 3
qeifteG o f m; eifveG ?f eifveG o f m; eifuid rH ?f eifuid rH o
f m; eifapmif;? eifapmifom;? eifrJ eifro J m;
eifcef? eifcefom; eifausmf vlqufaygif; wqJw Y qufa&mufonf/umvrS rd;k aumif;NrdK0f;ysufí
atmufyud0k f [oFm0wDo0kd yf gav\/ BuHonf 4a,muf wa,mufu eifvikd ?f eifvikd o f m; eifpyf?
om;u rdeu f snfawmif? nD rdev f ouf? aygufabmf2 a,muf wnf;? rdeu f snfawmifom; rduu kd ?f
rduu kd o
f m; rlawGvoufoo HG nf? ylpeG f rdev
f ouf om; rdev f ouf om; rde;f aumfv? nD vtdik ?f nD
atmifpH? atmifpH om; rdefaomif? nD eifñGwf rdefaomifom; a&TOd? nD Ob? nD cspfwif? Ob
om;wden f Kd 0f? nD axG;ndK0f? cspfwifonf om;r&Sed ?f cspfaumifom; armifjzL? armifjzLom; atmifv?
atmifvg;om; atmif0? OD;jrwf ac:udak wmifí&aomomcspfaumif;onf aoNyHaomf ¤Ftouf
udck aH om {aomifu0kd f om; tarGcaH xmif;&onf/ {aomifr,m;BuD;om; atmifa&T nD armifyed ?f
nD ndK0ftif;? r,m;i,fom; armifuR,f? nD armifav;? a&Tatmifom; xGeaf v; r,m;i,fom;
yefuR,f? armifuR,f om; armif0 nD jrwfp0kd ?f armifyed o f m; aeEkid ?f nD atmifyef? armifavom;
ndK0f0ikd ?f wden f Kd 0f om; a&TjzL? rjrif nD a&Tned ?f nDxeG ;f yH?k a&TjyKom; jzLatmif? jzLatmifom;
armifp? nDa&Trif? a&Tndefom; ndK0fodkif? nD xGef;odkif? nD uR,f0? ndK0fodkifom; pHyef? pHyefom;
xGeyf kH om; atmifyiG ?f nDxeG yf iG ?f atmifyiG o f m; atmifp?H nD atmifñeG ?f nD jrwf&?JG xGeyf iG o f m;
xGe;f tif? nD omxGe?f nD atmifv?kH xGe;f ndK0fom; &JjzL? om; cspfausmf nD Mumatmif? eif,eG o f m;
a&Tabmf? a&Tabmfom; om;cspfyef? nD atmifzG,f? cspfyefom; xGefap? nD pHausm? nD pHrGef? nD
cspfuRif om; armif0g? atmifz, G o
f m; jrwfxeG ;f jrwfxeG ;f om; oufabmf? nD a&T,? nD cspfp?H nD
om0if om; armifay:avmuf? vaomfom; eifom? eifomom; vaumf? nD cspfv? cspfvom;
cspfaoG? nD bHkefBuDyJjzL? nD vaomf? vmaomfom; armifjzL? armifjzLom; abmatmif? nD
cspfatmif? abmatmifom; cspfaoG? cspfatmifom; jrwfxeG ?f jrwfxeG o f m; pHabmf nD a&Tpk nD
a&Tyef? vJ[wfom; omjzL? nD ndK0faemif? omjzLom; omayG? omayGom; omndK0f? ndK0faemifom;
aqmifnKd 0f? aqmifnKd 0fonf om;aoqH;k í tarGcjH ywf\/ ¤FomayG om; omndK0faygufabmfpk
tm;vH;k udk tarGc&H \/ voGeo f m; vausmf? nD aygrdp?H nD eifp?H nD jrwfausmf nDbBkH ud xGev f ?
vausmfom; aumfvD orD; vuJ? eif;pHom; aygcspf? aygcspfom; &Ja&T? nD pHa&T? &JaoG;om; pHayG?
nD a&Tu?l pHayG;om; jrwfxeG ?f jrwfxeG o f nf om;r&Sí d &JaoG; om; a&Tuu l 0kd f tarGcaH wmif;,l
&onf/ a&Tulom; armifyHk? nD armifa,? nD a&T0? armifyHkom; pHndK0f? armifa,;om; pHjrwf?
a&T0om xGew f uf? jrwfausmfom; aumfw?D nD &Jausmf? nD a&TjyK? nD armifpeHk ?f aumfwo d m; jrwf
aomf? nD omndK0f? nD pHaiG? jrwfaomfom; pHyiG ?hf nD bHBk udpOH ?d nD ausmfeuf? pHyiG ;f om; aexGe;f ?nD
MumaxG;? nD xGe;f om? nD atmifarG;? aexGeo f m; omarG; nD omñGe?f nD atmifñeG f atmifarG;
om; armifoef? nD a&Toef? nD jrwfoef? nD a&Trif/ ausmfeufom; &Jxif? nD armif0g? nD ndK0fyef?
nD yÍÆi;f armifwif? &Jxifom; aparmifpD nD om0dik ?f nD om0? &Jausmfom; pHv? pHvom; atmif
xGe?f nD pHwyk ?f atmifxeG o f m; ouR,f? pHwyk o f m; armifpo kH nf om;tarGcrH &Sí d tarGcjH ywf\/
a&TjzLom; a&Ty?k nD pHjzL? nD armifo?l nD xGeaf usmf? a&Ty?kH a&Tyo k m; a&TyiG ?f a&TyiG v f nf; om;r&Sí d
 4
tarGcjH ywf\/ armifov l nf; om;r&Sí d tarGcjH ywf\/ pHjyKom; atmify?k nD atmifarG;? atmif
ykonf om;aoqH;k ítarGcjH ywf\/ atmifarG;om; atmifreG ?f nD yefnKd 0f? nD Mumyef? atmifreG f
om; armif0if nD a&Tp? omarG;om; xGeyf iG ?f atmifñeG o f m; armifMum? xGe;f ausmfom; atmifa&T?
a&Tyo kH m; atmifajy;? nD pHausmf? Obom; oufy?kH oufyo kH m; a&TjcL? a&TjcLom; tify?k nD om
vG,f? nD xGefy? nD ivHk? tifykom; a&Tiif nD a&Tiifom; a&Tapmif? nD atmifa&T? armifajy nD
atmifxeG ;f ? atmifxeG ;f om; pHajyom; vG,o f m;ausmfxif ausmfxifom; a&Tacgif nD vJatmif
xGe;f yom; armifnrd ?f nD atmifausmf? nD atmifusm? nD a&Tatmif? ivHo k m; vGeaf usmf? vGeaf usmf
om; ausmf0? nD pHausmf/ aomfco H m; atmifayG;? atmifayG;om; a&Tp?H nD armifu, G ?f nD uR,fom?
a&TpHom; xGef;pH? armifuG,fom; jrwfjzL? nD a&TBuH? pHOdom ausmfndK0f? nD a&TcsL? nD a&T0? nD
omyG?J nD omvH?k ausmfnKd om; a&Tw0kd ?f nD omyef? nD yefv? a&Tw0kd o f m; aeaumif? omyefvnf
om;tbaoqHk;í tarGcHjywf\/ yefvom; atmifuRif? a&T0om; vuR,f nD armif0ef? nD
armifaomif;? vuR,fom; ndK0fyif armif0efom a&Tawmf? armifaomif;om; omtky?f omyGo J m;
yefMum? yefMumom; a&Tped ?f vlxu G Bf uD;om; aumif aemif? aumfaemifom; ndK0fxeG ;f ? nD yefaxG;?
ndK0fxeG ;f om; omuRif? nD MumndK0f? omuRif om; pHajzmf nD MumndK0fom; aexGe?f ndKvom; pH
4He?f pH4rH ,m;BuD;om; bkeH Bf uD;aexGe?f r,m;i,fom; xGe;f jr? nD a&Tjrwf? xGejf rom; pHñeG ?f nD
pHcwf? ndKvom; &Sipf , G ?f qifp, G f om; yefuR,f? nD aejrwf nD ndKpde?f nD aumfv? yefuR,fom;
nDvm? nD omajym? nD ae0ef? aejrwfom; ausmfp?H nD pHyiG ?f ndK0fped o f m; BuHwikd /f /

xref eifvikd f oifzJG tNrdK0ftEG,f tpltpnfqufvufí bd0k ;f bGm;om;ajr;jrpfw0kd w f ikd f

atmif rSwo f m;ajymqd0k pf &m urÜo
J Kd® if;pmudk eefpMqmapmwoD&yd *k Kd¾ vfx&fonf tpnftquf
ajymqd0k rf w
S of m;pdeaf omiSm pma&;í xm;cJo Y nfonf/

xref eifvikd f eifpyfwu kd pf k tNrdK0ftEG,bf 0kd b

f mG ;om;ajr;jrpfwikd af tmif tpnfqufvuf
íajymqdrk w S of m;p&mum; bifveG o f m;2a,muf om;ODu bifawm? nD bifpif? bif awmom;onf
wcsnfu0kd f Orifawmfvnf? Orifpyg;udk oHwrd u f spf,rl o d nfu0kd f Orifu ay; a,mf&rnf[í l awmif
aomf r&Ekid í f oku, kd wf ikd f a&mif&onf (0,forl &Sí d xref eifvikd f nDr&Sí d nD&ifjzpfap&ef[í l
0,faomaMumif? eifpyf[í l ,ckxufwikd af tmif trnfwiG o f nf)
eifpyfom2a,muf tBuD;eifteG ?f nD eifa,m? eifteG o f m; uufuu kd ?f nD bHBk uDred u
f u
kd ?f
nD eifveG f uufuu kd o f m; va&T ylt*d gF ? nD vrde?f nD aygatmifxeG ?f nD xGeaf usmf? nD aygvpH? v
a&Tyt
l *Fg? om;3a,muf t*FgnD a&Taemif? nD aomfxeG ;f / aygatmif,eG ?f nDayom? nD aepH? nD
vndK0f? nDayaxmif? 5a,muf? orD;4a,muf rJatmifjrK? nDrJtsnf? nDrJrsm; nDndKefrdef? a&T
aemifom;2a,muf !yfv? nD oufxif? orD;4a,muf pHvrG ?f nD rdv?kH nD v0g nD xGe;f pH? atmifxeG f
om;3a,muf? a&Tw?D nD vjzL? nD oufjzL? o®;D 2a,muf jrma&T? nD pHom? xGeaf usmfod® vcH? -
 5
eifveG o f m;3a,muf vaomf? nD eifom? nD voGe?f vydik f om; aygcspfarmif/ xrefvifBuDom
eifveG o f nf eifpyftNrdK0f eifveG o f m; vaomfEiS hf tdraf xmif usonf/
vifi,fom; vyJ? nD ayga&Tom/ / vydik o f m cspfazmif aygrsm;od? nD aumfrsm;? nD ayg
atmifausmf? nD a&Tw?kH nD aygatmifjrpf? nD ausmfa&? nD aumfom? r,m;BuD;om; aumfom? nD
xGeaf bmf? r,m;i,fom; ñGew f ?d vHak omf nD eifom? eifomom; vaumf? nD aygcspfv/ aygcspfv
om; cspfaxG;? nD vaomf? aywmo®;D jrm;pH? eifteG rf ,m;BuD; om; r&Sí d ? rdausmfukd om;yg,l&
onf/ oknKd 0ftbi,fom;um; xGeOf ;D ? nD pHjzL? nD vpH? eifa&Smf nD eifom? nD eifacG;? nD eifoyf?
wa,mufu eifacG;om; eifaumf om; eifacGg? eifac: om; ayusnfaxmif? yud0k u f 0kd qf 0kd of nf/
om;tJaumfvnf ylpifu0kd q f 0kd of nf/ tJaumfom; eif[eG ?f eif[eG o f m; aumfw?D nDaygufaumf?
nDiydik ?f nD omyH?k iydik o
f m; NzdK0fatmif? nD om tif? omyHo k m; cspfausmf? nD ndK0fom wa,muf
aom eifa&Smfonf? ppfoGm;&mwGifaocJYonf/ nD eifomom; eifaumf? eifaumfom; uufoGef?
uufoeG o f m; vwm;? nD eifvu kd ?f nD eifpif vwm;om; vyef? nD eifacG;? eifacG;om; eifa&Sm?f
vyefom; a&Taemif? a&Taemifom; eifteG ?f nD xGev f ? eifvu kd of m; eifom;? eifom;nD eifaumf?
eifaumfom; eifoikd f nD uufoeHG ?f nD axG;aemif? eifvikd o f m; ausmfvm? nD ndK0fw?d nD jzLxGe?f
eifpifom;aomusfm; nD vJwm;? aomusfmom; vausmf? nD pae? nD armifjzL? nD xGefatmif?
eifacG;om; eifvdkuf? eefvdkufom; aomfxGef? aomfxGefom; vausmf? nD barmif? eifomom;
xGecf kd nD pHvm? nD omndK0f? xGecf o kd m; aomfxeG ?f nD armif0 nD vuwf? nD eifom? vuwfom;
atmifom? pHoGJ pHyGJ? atmifom om; jrwfcdk? nD pHvmom; oma&;? nD omausmf nD xGefwuf?
oma&; om; cspfxif? xGew f uf om; omndK0f? om; pHveG ?f pHveG o f m; Mumacgif? eifvikd n f D eifpyf?
eifpyfom; eifteG ?f nD eifa,m? eifto HG m; uufuu kd ?f nD eifvrG ?f uufuu kd o
f m; va&T? nD vtdr?f
va&Tom; t*Fg? nD aomfxeG ?f nD a&Taemif? t*Fgom; aeausmf? aeausmfom; oHn k Kd 0f? nD arGv?
nD cspfyef;? nD atmif,eG ?f bHBk uD;aywm? nD aepH? nD vndK0f? nD y,faomif? aepHom; t*¾? v
ndK0fom; atmifjrwf? nD a&Tpif? nD y,faomif? nD aomifom? armifxuf? nD od0k x f if? nD omaum?
nD cspfvm? nD vGeaf usmf? nD &Siv f [du k ?f nD omarG;? nD aeuR,f? vGeaf usmfom; a&TyiG ?f nD atmif
yde?f a&TyiG of m;r&Síd nD atmifyed rf mS aevdu k \f / atmifyed f om; uufabmuf? nD aexGeo f m vl
xGuNf yHonf/ nDjrwfxeG f jrwfyiG o hf m; pH0if? nD a&T0if? omarG;om; oufxif? aeuR,fom; ndK0fy?kH
nD pH,? ndK0fyo kH m; atmif0ikd ?f a&Tpifom; jrwfc?kd jrwfco kd m; ndK0fyiG hf nD vndK0f xdak &Tpif\om;
ajr;wd0k o f nf aoqH;k í om;ajr;tarGcrH &Sd jywf\/ cspfvmom; pHvm? pHvmom; oufp?H oufpH
om;atmifom? nD ausmfxif? nD 0ifausmf? nD xGew f yf? vGeaf usmfom; ausmfc?kd ausmfco kd m; bxif?
bxifom; om0if;? a&Taemif om tkyv f ? nD oufxif? tkyv f om; eifred ?f nD axGv? nD aomfp?H
oufxifom; pHatmif? nD yefp?H nD voGe?f nD aeNrdK0f? nD armifuRuf? atmifpo H m; vmausmf?
vmausmfom; a&TveG ?f om; ausmfxeG ?f nD ausmfp?H ausmfpo H m; yefpH om;arGausmf? nD arG;ndK0f?
nD armifusH? nD bHBk uD;armifped ?f nD armifMum? nD ndKjrm;? nD rmC? arG;ausmf om; armifjym?-
 6
nD pHñGefom; omñGef? nD wdausmf? armifjymom; atmif0dkif? ayG;ndK0fom; a&T0if? a&T0ifom;/
/ armifusH om; armifvif? nD armifausmif? armifaMumifom; awmifyikd af rmvifonf om;tb
aoqHí k tarGcjH ywf\/ armifMumr,mi,fom; bkeaf bmif? ndK0fjrmom; a&Trikd ?f nD pHyikd ?f rmC
om; bHn k Kd 0f? nD pHaxG;? voGeo f m; armifyef? armifyefom; armifo?kH aeNrdK0fom; ndK0fo?l ndKol
om; armifuRufom; omfausmf? nD aeom? nD om0g?
awGvom; a&TxeG ?f aomfpo H m; cspfx?l nD yefatmif nD aeyHek ?f yefatmifrmS om;tarGcH
r&Síd cspfwo l m; atmifyiG u f 0kd f tarGcaH wmif;,l&onf/ atmifyiG o f m;/ / ñGew f od m; a&Tc?J nD
armifvJ? a&TcJom; aiGatmif? nD omat;? armifvJom; uR,ftdk0fY? uR,ftdkifYom; armifcdk a&T
aemifb0kd bf mG ;om;ajr;jrpftNrdK0ftEG,o f u kd pf o k nf/ vrdeo f m; atmifxeG ;f ? nD xGe;f ausmf nD
apmwd? atmifxeG ;f om; a&Tw?d nD vjzL? nD oufjzL? a&Two d m; iyH?k nD Ocdik ?f apmwdom; jrwfO?d
jrwfOod m; ausmfo?D nD eifvrG f eifvrG o f m; eif,Of nDvoGe?f vaomfom; aygcspfarmif? nD a&Tom?
nD ausmfjrm? nD ausmfv nD a&TwkHef? ausmfjrm;om; atmifausmf? nD nLpH nD pHykH? nD axG;jzL?
atmifausmfom; jrmawG? nD jrwfOD;? nD a&Tarmif? jrwfODom; pH#Hef? nD pHjzL? jrwfOdonf
om;tbaoqH;k í tarGcjH ywf\/
a&Tarmifom; pHjrwf nD wkypf ?H nD armif0? pHjrwfom; a&Tawmif? nD wkypf o H nf aoqH;k í
tarGcjH ywf\/ armif0g r,m;BuD;om; jrwfcikd f nD atmifrif? r,m;i,fom; a&Trif? nLpHom;
nLv? nD jrwfpH? nD jrwfrHk? nD omcdkif? nD omwd? nLvom; aeyl? nD oufpH nD uR,fvHk? nD
iaxG;? aeylom; omcd?k nD pHyef? uR,fvo kH m; a&Tausmf? oufpaH xG; nDtudk 2a,mufonf om;r&Sd
í tarGcjH ywf\/ jrwfpo H m; xGe;f pH? nD xGev f ? xGepf o H m; armifusH? armifusHom; om;tbaoqH;k
í tarGcjH ywf\/ xGev f om; a&Tay/ / jrwfyrkH ,m;i,fom; aepH nD aejzL? aepHom; aeuR,f
om; Mumpdef nD om0if; nD atmifuR,f? aejzLom; atmif pH? nD a&Twif? nD pHavmf nD armifarG;?
atmifpo H m; armifpif? nD ompif? a&Txifom; armif rif;? nD jrwfx;l ? pHavmifom; jrwfvl armif
arG;om; omrif;? omcdik o f nf om;tarGcrH &Sí d tarGcjH ywf\/ pHyo kH m; a&Tausmf? nD vJarmif?
a&Tausmfom; ausmfp?H vJarmifom; tHn k Kd 0f? pHyo kH nf om;ajr;jrpfupí aoqH;k í tarGcjH ywf\/
ausmfav;om; ausmfom? nD xGeaf omf? nD ñGew f ?d xGe;f abmf yefykH nD vaomf? ñGew f o
d m; aeyk?
nD ausmfcikd ?f nD a&Tc?J a&Two kH m; atmifjrpf? nD omyH?k omyHo k m; vJp?H nD atmify?kH nD a&Tjrwf? nD
ndK0fom? vJpo H m; vcdik ?f nD a&TyiG ;f ? a&TyiG ;f om; a&Tped ?f a&TjrwfnKd 0fom; vScikd ?f þom;tb3
a,mufonf om;r&Sí d tarGcjH ywf\/ atmifyrkH ,m;BuD;om; ausmfvm? nD xGejf zL r,m;i,fom;
atmifcspf? ausmfvmom; arGatmif armifb&if nD armif&eT ?f nD a&Txyk ?f arGatmifom; a&T,?
nD a&Ta,? armifb&ifom; atmifae? nD pHckd nD aecdk nD - - - xGejf zLonf om;aoqH;k í tarG
cHjywf\/ a&Twb kH ;kd bGm;om;ajr;jrpftNrdK0ftEG,o f ukd pf k eifomom; eifaumf? nD atmifpH nD eif
tGef eifaumfom; cspfa&T? nD vaomf? nD ayom? cspfa&Tom; &Jcdkif? nD atmifBuD;? vaomfom
jrwfo?l nD atmifo?l ayomom; omxGe?f ud0k f oDvm ac:NyH\/ &Jcikd o f m; aeuR,f? nD armiftif?
 7
nD atmifuR,f? nDausmfvm? aeuR,fom; atmifajy? atmifuR,fom; &Jacgif? nD a&Twuf? ausmf
vmom; a&T0g? nD xGe;f xif? nD &Jp?H armiftifom; oufcikd ?f xd0k o f ol m;tb aoqH;k í tarGcjH ywf
\/ atmifBuD;om; cspfv, G f om; pHo?l nD armifo?H armifarG; r,m;BuD;om; jrwfatmif omtrd
aoNyDonfaemuf r,m;i,faeNyHí ygvmaom om a&Tp? MumaxG;? r,m;i,fom; armifat;?
nD pHwyk f om;r&Sí d tarGcjH ywf\/ jrwfoo l m; atmify?k nD vlxu G f aumifausmf? atmifyo k m;
xGe;f cdik ?f nD &Jcikd ?f &Jcikd of m; omrd0k ;f nD---? vlxu G f aumifausmfonf om;r&Sí d tarGcjH ywf\
atmifoo l m; omEk0d ;f ? xd0k o f o l m;tbonf aoqH;k í tarGcjH ywf\ om; xGeo f maumfv?D nD
omatmif? eifteG o f m; oHn k Kd 0f? nD xGeOf ?d nD pHjzL? nD vpH? oH;k ndKom; ndK0fp?H nD pHy?JG nD tke;f ndK0f?
ndK0fpo H m; atmifv?kH nD bke;f BuD; atmifEidk ?f nD axG;ausmf? nD vGe;f armif atmifvo kH m;? a&TxeG f
nD aeausmf? axG;ausmf om; armifaxG;? tken f Kd 0fom a&Txif? pHyo JG m; yefa&T nD armifr0kd /f
xGe;f OD;om; pH0? nD ompHk nD ndrcf srf? nD armifu, G f pHjzLom; cspfo?l cspfoo l m ausmfy?JG
vpHom; yefatmif? nD bHBk uD; yefe?D nD bke;f BuD; yefi?kH nD yefwif nD pHv?kH yefatmifom; ae0g?
nD ndK0fv?kH nD ndK0foiG ?f nD armif,m? nD MumaxG;? ae0gom; atmifausmf? nD omyef? ndK0fvo kH m;
ompde?f ndK0foiG o f m armifvif? eifa,mom eifaumf? eifaumfom;rdeu f snf? nD ayusnf? nD eifu?H
nD eifv?J nD a&Ty?J rdeu f snfom; axG;ausmf? nD vem? nD cHoeG ?f nD voGe?f nD vJNzdK0f? axG;ausmf
om; eifaumf? eifaumfom; a&TxeG ?f a&TxeG o f m; pHxif? nD aomfv? nD vausmf? nD xGeaf tmif? pH
xifom zdk0fjzL? zdk0fjzLom; oufom? oufomom; atmifap? nD atmifv? nD armifausmf? nD
armifcikd ?f atmifpo H m/---/ aomfvom jrwftif? jrwftifom;pHav? vausmfom;omjrwf? nD
atmif,?l omjrwfom; atmifusm? nD aywl? atmifusmom; armifom;? nD omarmif? atmif,l
om; xGeaf tmif? xGeaf tmifom; jrwfav;? jrwfav;om; a&TxeG ;f ? nD armifnKd 0f? nD atmifom?
nD Mumacgif cHoeG o f m; irJ? nD apmfav;? irJom; atmifñeG ?Yf atmifñeG o Yf m; &Jausmf? &Jausmfom;
cspfatmif? nD atmifouf? cspfatmifom; ---/ atmifoufom; pH0g;? apmfav;om; omv?
nD OaxG;? voGeo f m;a&TjzL? a&TjzLom; vJNzdK0f? nD pHcikd ?f nD oufxeG ?f vJNzdK0fom; NrdK0faemif? nD
xGeyf ?kH NrdK0faemifom; a&TieHk ?f nD axG;v? nD iaemuf? a&Tio kH m; ausmf0if? nD &Jcikd ?f iaemufom;
iNzdK0f? a&Tyef? ---/ axG;vom; vaomf? vaomfom; v[,f? nD ausmfveHk ?f xd0k n f t D udk 2a,muf
onf om;tarGcrH &Sí d tarGcjH ywf\ pHcikd o f m; a&Tausmf? a&Tausmfom; a&T0g? nD Mumav;? nD
Mumatmif? oufxeG o f m; omyk? omykom;atmifusH? xGeyf o kH m; zkeH x f if? nD aeyk? nD omap? om
apom; aemifv? nD armiftif? aemifvom; Mumyef? nD atmifom? iNzdK0fom; aomfp?kH aomfpo kH m;
tvdu k ?f tvdu k o f m; xGeaf jy;? nD ausmfwyk ?f nD omausmf/
ayusnfom; barmif? nD aygcspfO?D nD pae? nD aygeifaumf? aygcspfOo D m; atmifnKd 0f?
nD &Jw?d nD ausmfxeG ;f ? ausmfxeG o f m; aomfxif? nD vGwaf tmif? nD atmifouf? atmifoufom;
aumifusm? aumifMumom;/
eifuo H m; pae? paeom; &Jw?d nD axG;jzL? nD&NJ zdK0f? &Jwo d m; ñGeo f ?l ñGeof o l m; xGe;f armif?
 8
xGeaf rmifom; xGeaf p? xGeaf pom; usDausmf? BuDausmfom pHoikd ?f nD od0k af usmf? nD ia&mf? axG;jzL
om; oufp?H oufpo H m; ig;pH? nD ndK0fp?H ig;pHom; armifyef? nD armif0? armifyefonf om;tb
aoqH;k í tarGcjH ywf\/ MumiHo k m; iwky?f xdo k ol m;tbaoqH;k í tarGcjH ywf\ armif0om;
Ä
armif0om; armifo?D nD armifpeG ?f nD armife?D nD omuG,?f ndK0fpo H m; MumiH?k armifned ?f nD om
xGe?f nD armifom? nD armifcikd ?f armifned o f m; jrwfcikd ?f nD a&Tarmif?nD aexGe;f (rsufrjrif) omxGef
om; pHyed ?f nD atmifaxG;? armifomom; armifi0kd ?f armifcikd o f m; pHat;? nD pHatmif? &JNzdK0fom;
ay:xGe;f ? om; atmifae? atmifaeom; Mumcdik f a&Tyo J m aumfaxG;? nD atmifausmf? aumfaxG
om; oufnKd 0f? oufaemifom; jzLxG? atmifausmfom; yefausmf? nD eifom? nD voGe?f voGeo f m;
vausmf? nD eifp?H nD xGe;f v? vausmfom; aumfv?D aumfvo D m; pHwif? nD jrwfp?H nD xGe;f ndK0f?
nD wd0k ;f v? jrwfpo H m; yefv? yefvom; pHnKd ? nD armifacsm? nD armifoeG ?f pHnKd 0fom; aeacgif?
nD pHned ?f wd0k ;f vom; armifyef nD cspfarmif? armifyefom; xGe0f g? cspfarmifom; ae0if;? nD a&T
acgif? ayga&Tom; omÄÄ a&Tom? a&Tomom; xGe;f v? xGe;f vom; jrwfnKd 0f? nD a&Ty?kH nD omvGe?f
uufoeHG o f m;pHñeG ?f nD pkjrwf? pHñeG o
f m;a&Ti?kH nD buR,f? nD vyef;? Ojrwfom; ausmf,eG ?f axG;om
om; yefausmf? nD a&Tausmf? nD yefaxG;/

xref; eifvikd f vlBuHav;a,mufw0kd o

f nfum; xref eifvikd f bd0k b
f mG ;om;ajrjrpftNrdK0f
tEG,f wcsufwnfjzpfaomtaMumif;ud0k f eefpMqm apmwoD&yd *k Kd¾ vfx&fonf urÜo J rdik ;f pmpDuek ;f
í tpnftqufvuf rSwo f &atmif xcJonfwnf/

eifpyftNrdK0ftEG,\ f bd0k b f mG ;om;ajr;jrpfjzpfaomtaMumif; pmxkywåu d 0kd f ajymqdMk uonf

taMumif;pum;t&um? bifveG o f m;2a,muf? om;OD bifawm nD bifpif? bifawmom;onf
xcsnfu0kd f Orif;awmfonf xdOk rif\ pyg;ud0k f oHwrd u f spfom ,lrnfonf xdpk yg; wdru f spfq0kd o
f nf
um; wajyom&S\ d xdpk yg; wjynf,rl nfonfu0kd f Orifu a&mf&rnf[í l awmif;aomf? iwfrw G &f mS ;
yg;aom umvjzpfaomaMumif &Smír&Ekid f xd0k o f 0kd rYf &Ekid af om rdru
d ,
kd uf 0kd af &mif;aomfvnf; 0,f
ol r&Sad omí w0rf;aygufz;G aom nD&ifuo J 0kd jf zpfap[lí 0,faomaMumif (eifpyf)[lí ,ckxuf
wdik f ajymqdak omaMumifh eifpyf[t k rnfwiG af vonf/ eifpyf om;2a,muf tBuD;eifteG f nD eif
a,m om; 4a,muf jrwfausmf nD ykjzL? nD iv? nD aeabmf? orD;3 a,muf v0ef? nD pHvikd ?f nD
jrm;atmif? jrwfausmfom; xGe;f ndK0f? nD yHn k Kd 0f? xGe;f ndKom; yefnKd 0f? nD atmifvef? yefnKd 0fom;
atmifMum? nD Mumatmif? atmifMumom; xGe;f rd0k ?f atmifyefom oJv? nD xGe;f v? oJvom;
a&Ty?kd nDatmify?kd nDjrwfy?kd xGev f om; ygvD? yHn k Kd 0fu0kd f arwmac:\ yHn k Kd 0fom; a&Tv?kH nD pHv?kH
nD omavmf? nD omayg ?H pHvo kH m; aeuR,f? aeuR,fom; atmifNrdK? nD ndKatmif? nD armifv?kH
nD uR,fv?kH a&Tvo kH m; ndK0fyiG ?hf nDa&TyiG ?f nDpyH iG ?f nDausmfyiG ?f nDausmfacgif? pHyiG ;f om; atmifrif;?
ausmfyiG ;f om; Mumacgif? ausmfacgifom a&TaMumif? armifv?kH uR,fv?kH nD bud0k 2f a,mufonf
Ä armif0om; ESpfcgxyfonf/
ÄÄ om; om ESpfcgxyfonf/
 9
r&Sdí tarGcHjywf\ ykjzLom; eifuH? nD ausmfxGef? eifuHom; vlxGufyefatmif? nD arG;pH? nD
aomfxif? yefatmifom; armifavmuf? nD xGeo f m? xGeo f mom; omaemif? armufavmufonf
om ndK0f{? nD yefarGU? arG;pHom; armifpikd ?f aomfxifom; bHBk uD;a&Tay;? nD oma&? nD xGeo f , G ?f
nD xGeaf umif? xGeaf umifom; omae? ausmfxeG o f m; omjzL? nD ndK0fjrm;? om;jrKom;Ä omEkid ?f
a&omOjrpf? nD omcdik ?f Ojrpfom; vlxu G f atmifzeHk ?f yÍÆi;f aeyk? nD OjzL? nD armif&? armifaeom;
oH;k ndK0f? omcdik o
f nf om;r&Sí d tarGcjH ywf\? atmifzkH OjzL nDtud0k 2f a,mufonf om;tarGcH
r&Sí d tarGcjH ywf\? aeaomfom; ausmfvif? nD a&Tausmf? ausmfvifom; vwsnf? nD armifxeG ?f
nDa&TMum? vwsnfom; u&? nD pHtikd ?f nDbausmf? u&om; Mum0dik ;f ? nD jrwfMum/ atmifxeG ;f om;
r,m;Budom vGeo f m? nD xGet f if? r,mi,fom; a&Twif? a&Tausmfom; xGeaf cgif? nD ausmfacgif?
xGeaf cgifom; a&Ty? ausmfacgifom; a&Tped ?f eifa,mom; aumfv? aumfvom; rdeu f snf? rdeu f snf
om; ylarmf? nD vusnf? nD ylawmuf? nD eifu?H nD aygwdu k ?f nD eifv?J nD a&Ty?J nD ylaxG? ydeu f snf
ylay:omo®?d varmf? nD rJouf[?kH nD rsnfom? rJpx H mG ; om;7a,muf? om;OD; &Siaf xG;? nD ylref?
nD ay:aemf? nD a&TjrK? nD vrJ? nD pHom? nD aygpif? &Siaf xG; o®;D 2a,muf? pHeo f eG ?f nD pHa,m? &Sif
axG;ajr; a&TxeG ;f ESrpHom; a&TxeG ;f om; pHxif? nD xGe;f atmif? ylaemfom; &Siv f u kd ?f a&TjzLom;
vjzL? nD pHcikd ?f o®;D bHak tmif? nD {um? vrJaygcHom irJ? nD apmfav? o®;D pHom? omxGef cspfO;D ?
jrm;oD? aygcifom; jrKaemif? nD xGef;yHk? xGef;yHko®D; vpif? nD csrf;om? nD omyHk? o®D; 3 a,muf
a,musFm;2a,mufum; aomfv? nD vausmf? ayusnf ylawmufo;D® vawmufonf eHarmfrmS tdrf
axmifMuavonf/ a,musFmwa,muf barmifukd ay;ygqdak omaMumifh ay;vdu k \f barmifom;
paeom; cspfO?d nD aygeifaumf? nD od0k af usmf? nD aygrdv? nD vausmf aygeifu?H eifuo H ;D® vcdu k ?f
nD rJum? nD a&TOd? rJpifom; barmif? o®D; cspfOD;? nD rsm;od? paeo®D; eifaumf? nD jrm;atmif?
jrm;atmifonf tarGcrH &Sí d orufaumfNzdK0fu0kd f tdraf xmifwufaponf/ eifvo J ;D® ay:aomfO?D
r,m;BuD; r,m;i,f om; oknKd 0fonf nD rJa&Tcikd rf mS rmaw*ufÄÄ eefwuf? rJro d mom;ESihf tdrf
axmifavonf/ om;a,musmF;5a,muf aumfw?d nD wdausmf? nD atmifp?H nD atmify?kH nD eifv?J
eifvo J nf om;tarGcrH &Sí d vatmifu0kd , f í
l tarGcaH ponf/ orD;2a,muf voG?H nD oifred ?f
om;a,musFm;wa,muf oHkpH? nDroifwdefonf a,mom;ESifh tdrfaxmifusav\/ a&TrJom;
ylaxG;? ylaxG;om; aumfaxG;? nD atmifausmf? o®;D vawmuf? nD vcdu k ?f aumfaxG;om;2a,muf?
yñÆi;f oufnKd 0f? nD omaemif? omaemifom;2a,muf? cspfom? nD jzLxGm;? atmifausmfoD® axG;
atmif? nD a,musFm; yefausmf/

eifpyftNrdK0ftEG,f a&S;tpltpnf; bd0k b f mG ;om;ajr;jrpfwikd af tmif tpnftqufvufí

rSwo
f ajymqd0k pf ed af omiSm- eefpMqm apmwoD&yd *k Kd¾ vfax&fonf urÜo J rdik pf ma&;í xcJo
Y nfu0kd f
&[ef;&Siv f wl 0kd f Munf½h rI w
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