全部药 给之前都要问

1. 有没有敏感 / allergic 什么药

2. 有没有 gastric / 胃痛底
3. 有没有带医生纸 / prescription (if Group B)

Cough 咳嗽

Generic Brand Dosage Notes

Drowsy

Bena

Sedilix Can give for nasal congest pt

Dextromethorphan Cough-en Rx Linctus - Adults and children over 12 dry cough
Hydrobromide/Phenylephrine years 10ml 3 times a day.
Hydrochloride/Triprolidine - Children 6 to 12 years Not to be used in children
Hydrochloride 5ml 3 times a day. below 2 years old.
- Children 2 to 5 years
2.5ml 3 times a day.

Cough-en Rx Linctus
15mg/5mg/1.25mg per 5ml

10 mL tds
10 mL 3 times daily
 喝 10mL
一天 3 次

Less drowsy

Dextromethorphan

Cloperastine Copastin
What to ask?
1. 谁要的 who need it? Age?
2. 有没有痰 kahak? Give acetylcysteine/fluifort
3. 多久了 how long?
4. 要爱睡觉的还是不要 drowsy or not drowsy one?
Cold/Antihistamine 伤风
https://www.slideshare.net/nasertadvi/histamine-and-antihistaminic
https://www.amboss.com/us/knowledge/Antihistamines/
Generic Brand Dosage Notes

First generation (Drowsy)

Chlorpheniramine 4mg Antamin, Upha chloramine

1 tab TDS If work, take 1 tab at night

Dexclorpheriramine 2mg Polarax

1 tab TDS
Diphenhydramine

Promethazine

Second generation (Less drowsy)

Cetirizine 10mg Zyrtec, Adezio, Cezti 10,

Cetyrol, Simtec
1 tab OD

Loratadine 10mg Clarityne, Apo-Loratadine,

Ezede, Tirlor
1 tab OD
Third generation (Not drowsy)

Levocetirizine 5mg Xyzal, Glencet

1 tab OD
Desloratadine 5mg Aerius, Avorius
1 tab OD
Fexofenadine 180mg Telfast
1 tab OD
Bilastine 20mg Bilaxten
1 tab OD Take 1 hour before meal
飞机师吃的
What to ask?
1. 谁要的 who need it? Age?
2. 多久了 how long? If quite long ady, give MONAST
3. 要爱睡觉的还是不要 drowsy or not drowsy one?
4. Runny nose? Blocked nose? Give pseudo (RECORD)

Brand name Active ingredient Dosage

a. Clarinase Repetab Loratadine 5mg + pseudo 120mg 1 tab BD

b. Clarinase 24 hour Extended Loratadine 10mg + pseudo 240mg 1 tab OD

Release

c. Allerpid Loratadine 5mg + pseudo 120mg 1 tab BD

d. Decondine Triprolidine HCl 2.5 mg; 1 tab TDS

Pseudoephedrine HCl 60 mg

e. Fedac Tripolidine HCl 2.5mg, 1 tab TDS

Pseudoephedrine HCl 60mg

f. Telfast-D Fenofenadine HCl 60 mg; 1 tab BD

Pseudoephedrine HCl 10 mg
g. Zyrtec-D Cetirizine HCl 5mg; pseudo HCl 120mg 1 tab BD

h. Panadeine PCM 500 mg, codeine phosphate 8 mg 1-2 tab 4-6 hrly

i. Decolgen FX PCM 650 mg, pseudoephedrine HCl 30 3 tab daily

mg, chlorpheniramine maleate 2 mg

j. Febricol-Rx PCM 500 mg, Phenylephrine HCl 5mg, 1-2 tablets every 4-6 hours
chlorpheniramine maleate 2 mg
Diarrhea 泻肚子(lao sai)

Generic Brand Dosage Notes

Charcoal Dyna For treatment of diarrhea and Take this first

food poisoning: from 500mg to
1g and repeated 3 to 4 times
daily.
Children are usually given half
of the adult dose.
2 tab. TDS/QID
After 2 hrs only take other
medicine, as it prevent their
absorption
It binds to the toxin and leave the
body in the feces 排毒素

2 tab. 3-4 times

daily

吃2粒
一天 3-4 次
Loperamide
1 tab. TDS 1 hrs after taking the charcoal

https://specialty.mims.com/ 1 tab. 3 times daily Stop diarrhea 止泻

diarrhea%20in%20adults%20-
%20infectious/treatment?
channel=gastroenterology
ORS - suitable for any age
吃1粒
一天 3 次
Adult: up to x12 daily
Children: up to x6 daily
Infants: up to 3x daily
To replace salt and fluid as
diarrhea excrete out a lot of
sodium along with the watery
 feces
补盐和水，因为 lao sai 的时
候，我们身体的盐和水会随着
我们的粪水排出去

What to ask?
1. 谁要的 who need it? Age?
2. 水水的 还是软软的 The stool is soft or watery?
3. 一天几次? How many times in a day?
4. 多久了 how long ady?
5. 有没有吃抗生素? Did you take any other medication such as antibiotics?
6. Abdominal cramps after consuming dairy products? (lactose intolerance)
7. Fever? Presence of blood in stool? Unintentional weight loss?
8. Any family members affected? (traveller diarrhea or food poisoning)

Constipation 便秘

Generic Brand Dosage Notes

Osmotic laxatives - Lactulose Lactul, Avelac

15ml up to 3 times 吸收水到大肠然后就不会那么
硬、困难排泄
daily
Stimulant laxatives 刺激性泻药- Dulcolax supp. - fast relief Adult: 10mg in the morning 不可以长期吃， 会导致肠胃懒
Bisacodyl Children: 5mg in the morning 惰，没有吃就不可以排泄了
 Dulcolax tab - overnight relief Adult: up to 10mg at night
children(4-10 years): 5mg at
night

Stimulant laxatives - Senna Senokot

Bulk -forming laxatives - fibre,

ispaghula husk

Probiotic 益生菌 Ease the passing of stools,

increase the frequency of
bowel movement
What to ask?
1. 谁要的 who need it? Age?
2. 大便有没有血 Appearance of stool? (pencil-like? Blood stained stool? Weight loss?)
3. Frequency of defecation
4. Is the patient under any medication? (if patient takes laxatives frequently, then patient may experience laxative induced
constipation)
5. Lower abdominal pain and swelling (to rule out IBS)

Counselling:
Simple changes to your diet and lifestyle can improve constipation
- 多吃 fibre (wholegrains, fruits and vegetables)
- 喝多一点水 (2L per day)
- 多做运动， 帮助消化

Vomit 呕吐
Generic Brand Dosage Notes

Gastritis 胃痛 / 胃风

Generic Brand Dosage Notes

Famotidine Sunpepcin H2 antihistamine

胃酸
Domperidone Motidone 胃风

Simethicone 祛风

Omeprazole Ometac 胃痛/补胃

Biotase 消化

Ganaton

Meteospasmyl 胃风严重的话
Hypertension 高血压

Generic Brand Dosage Notes

Olmesartan Azoren 20 mg/5 mg film- Do not chew, crush or break it

medoxomil/amlodipine coated tablets:
Take the medication at a fixed
Source: NPRA Azoren 40 mg/5 mg film- time each day
Azoren-BM.pdf coated tablets:
https://
Azoren 40 mg/10 mg film- www.doctoroncall.com.my/
coated tablets: medicine/en/azoren-tablet-40-
10mg-fc-tablet?
1 tab. OD vid=37556522746039

1 tab. 1 time daily

吃1粒
一天 1 次
Amlodipine Amlodipine 10 mg

Amlibon Tablet 5mg, 10mg 1 tab. OD

(Amlodipine) Novartis 1 tab. 1 time daily
Corporation (M) Sdn. Bhd.
16Apr2015 Eng.pdf
吃1粒
一天 1 次
 Amlodipine 5 mg
1 tab. OD
1 tab. 1 time daily

吃1粒
一天 1 次

Max. 10 mg daily

Blood pressure monitoring:

What to ask?
1. Any sign and symptoms of High blood pressure (headache,dizzy, fatigue, blurry vision)
2. Monitor at home? (to see the trend)
3. Last follow up
4. Take medication regularly?
5. Lifestyle (diet? exercise?)
6. Herbal products? supplement?
Counselling point:
1. Encourage DASH diet
 2. Physical activity (can recommend some exercise videos that suitable for patient)
3. Avoid heavy alcohol consumption and smoking cessation
4. Counsel side effects of antihypertensive drugs
http://www.myhealth.gov.my/en/dietary-management-for-hypertension/

Blood thinning 清血

Generic Brand Dosage Notes

Aspirin

Clopidogrel
1 tab. OD Prevent heart attack or stroke
by preventing blood clots
https://www.mims.com/ 1 tab. 1 time daily
malaysia/drug/info/
clopidogrel?mtype=generic 吃1粒
一天 1 次

What to ask?
1. Sign and symptoms of bleeding/bruising
2. Heart disease? Blood vessel disease such as DVT?
3. Prior stroke?
4. Smoker?
5. Taking other medications? (ie other NSAIDs combined with aspirin will increase risk of bleeding and decrease effect of
aspirin)
 6. Other underlying diseases (diabetes? Stomach ulcer history?)
Counselling points
1. Avoid taking together with Vitamin K (interactions, decrease the effect of anticoagulant and antiplatelet)
2. Management of bruising (Cold and Hot treatment, tell patient when to refer to doctor)
3. Avoid green leafy vege (maintain diet, eat same amount of vege everyday)
4. Avoid cranberry, alcohol, grapefruit juice
Hypercholesterolemia 胆固醇

Generic Brand Dosage Notes

Statin

Simvastatin Simvastatin 20 mg Preferred taking at night

晚上吃
Pharmaniaga Simvastatin
[simvastatin]- Pharmaniaga 14- 1 tab. ON
Jun-20.pdf 1 tab. 1 time daily

吃1粒
一天 1 次
Atorvastatin
1 tab. ON Preferred taking at night
晚上吃
Lipitor Tablet 10,20,40,80mg 1 tab. 1 time daily
(Atorvastatin) Pfizer (Malaysia)
Sdn. Bhd. 30Oct2014 Eng.pdf 吃1粒
一天 1 次

● Lipitor 10mg, 20mg,

40mg, 80mg
Ezetimibe/Simvastatin
1 tab. ON Preferred taking at night
晚上吃
1_D4_RiMUP_VYTORIN_Englis 1 tab. 1 time daily
h_clean_resubmission.pdf
吃1粒
一天 1 次

Ezetimibe/Atorvastatin
1 tab. ON Can take at anytime due to the
longer half life
atozet.pdf 1 tab. 1 time daily

吃1粒
一天 1 次

Rosuvastatin ● Crestor 5mg, 10mg,

20mg, 40mg
1 tab. ON Can take it at any time of the
day with or without food.
https:// 1 tab. 1 time daily
www.medicines.org.uk/emc/ 很少引发严重的副作用如肌肉
files/pil.7559.pdf 吃1粒 问题、肝脏问题、过敏性反应

一天 1 次
Supplement:
Gene Bran Dosa Note
ric d ge s

Triom
ega
2 Lowe
ring
fish ca trigly
oils cerid
1,200 p. e
mg
●
OD levels

O 2 1 https:
//
● c t www.
E a i seve
p m n-
● . e seas.
6 com/
d en_M
a Y/
Vit E il home
4 mg y /
α-TE produ
吃 ct-
finder
2 /
粒 pulse
-hs-
一 triom
ega-
天 fish-
1 oil.ht
m
次 https:
//
www.
mims
.com/
mala
ysia/
drug/
info/
seve
n
%20s
eas
%20p
ulse
%20h
igh
%20s
trengt
h
%20t
riome
ga
%20c
once
ntrate
d
%20fi
 sh
%20o
il
%20
with
%20v
itami
n
%20e

Lipid profile testing:

What to ask?
1.
Counselling point:
1.
http://www.myhealth.gov.my/en/dietary-for-hypercholesterolemia/

Diabetes 糖尿

Generic Brand Dosage Notes

Linagliptin/metformin
hydrochloride
https://www.mims.com/
malaysia/drug/info/trajenta
%20duo/dosage
Max: 5 mg linagliptin / 2000
mg of metformin hydrochloride
Biguanide - metformin
Sulphonylurea – glimepiride,
gliclazide
Trajenta Duo 2.5 mg/500 mg: Take with food helps to
minimise the chances of
Trajenta Duo 2.5 mg/850 mg: stomach discomfort
Trajenta Duo 2.5 mg/1000 mg: https://
www.doctoroncall.com.my/
1 tab. BD medicine/en/drugs/trajenta-
duo-2-5-850mg-tablet
1 tab. 2 times daily
吃1粒
一天 2 次
Side effect: 恶心、反胃、腹泻
● Glucophage 500, 850,
1000mg
● Glucophage XR 500,
750mg
Take just before or with the
first main meal of the day
(usually breakfast)
Side effect: hypoglycaemia,
weight gain
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor – Side effect: flatulence,
acarbose diarrhea

https:// Notes: Take Acarbose with

www.medicines.org.uk/emc/ your meal. Chew the tablets
files/pil.‌9999.pdf with your first mouthful of food.

SGLT-2 inhibitor – Side effect: urinary tract

empagliflozin, dapagliflozin infection

https://
www.medicines.org.uk/emc/
files/pil.7703.pdf

https://
www.medicines.org.uk/emc/
files/pil.7607.pdf

Supplement:
Gene Bran Dosa Note
ric d ge s

Bitter
gourd
Glucose testing: (Source: DM Type ll CPG 2020)
Fasting: not more than 6
Random: not more than 8
HbA1c: not more than 6.5%
What to ask?
1. 有没有一直小便 尤其是晚上的时候 urinate frequently especially at night?
2. 有没有觉得一直会口渴 feeling thirst as always?
3. 一直觉得会饿 feeling hungry as always?
4. 体重有没有下降 weight loss?
5. 眼睛会不会蒙 blur vision?
6. 伤口痊愈得很慢 wound heal very slow?
Counselling point:
1. 吃多一点蔬菜（高纤维） 比如苦瓜 花椰菜 包菜 茄子 黄瓜 carrot 羊角豆
2. 水果可以吃 可是适量就好 它是不怎么会影响的 因为低 GI
3. 糙米代替白饭
4. 谷粮 麦片
5. 少吃碳水的食物 比如白面包 马铃薯 番薯 饼干
6. 尽量不喝甜的
7. 不吃红肉和加工食品
8. 控制体重
http://www.myhealth.gov.my/en/diet-untuk-diabetes-mellitus/
Gout 痛风 / 尿酸

Generic Brand Dosage Notes

1. Colchicine Goutnor 2 tabs during first attack after
food, 1 tab every 2-3 hours
until pain relieved
max : 10 tabs/day
Reducing inflammation due to
the crystallized uric acid
If diarrhea, stop the
medication until symptoms
resolve

2. a. Meloxicam

b. Indomethacin /
diclofenac / ketoprofen

3. Ural After giving these 3

combination regimen, ask
Avoral them to come back to check
after 1 week to see if the
treatment need to continue

4. Denzo
Enzdase
Uric acid testing:
Female: not more than 360
Male: not more than 420

What to ask?
1. 有没有吃太多 大鱼大肉 海鲜 内脏 红肉
2. 膝盖 关节 会不会痛
 3. Know what uric acid is?
4. Kidney 肾 ok?
5.
Counselling point: (Source: Gout CPG 2008)
https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/gout-diet/art-20048524
1. 尽量不吃 restrict:
a. 大鱼大肉 海鲜(eg.螃蟹, 虾 ) seafood and shellfish (eg. crabs, shrimps)
b. 内脏(eg.肝脏) organ meats (eg. liver, kidney)
c. 红肉(eg.牛肉, 猪肉, 培根) red meat (eg.beef, pork, bacon)
2. 戒酒
3. Exercise moderately to keep normal BMI 运动多一点 因为肥胖除了会对关节膝盖造成负担以外 还会痛风 / 尿酸
4. Drink more water
5. Eat more fruit and vegetable
Relief pain 止痛

Generic Brand Dosage Notes

Meloxicam (COX-2 inhibitor) Meloxicam 15 mg ✔Suitable for gastric pt.

https://www.mims.com/
1 tab. BD Longer-lasting effects
malaysia/drug/info/avegesic/ 1 tab. 2 times daily
dosage COX-2 inhibitor cannot be
吃1粒 taken for long term due to the
https://www.singlecare.com/ cardiovascular and kidney
blog/meloxicam-vs-celebrex/ 一天 2 次 impairment risk

Avegesic_Tablet_Meloxicam_AP
EX_PHARMACY_MARKETING_
SDN._BHD._28Oct2015_Eng.pdf

Celecoxib (COX-2 inhibitor) Celecoxib 200 mg For:

200 mg once daily or 100 mg ✔Arthritis of the spine
https://www.mims.com/ twice daily ✔Menstrual cramp pain
malaysia/drug/info/celebrex/ ✔General acute pain
dosage
1 tab. OD ✔Suitable for gastric pt.
https://www.mims.com/ 1 tab. 1 time daily
malaysia/drug/info/celecoxib Does not interfere with blood
吃1粒 clotting
Max: 400 mg daily
一天 1 次 Faster relief

Sometimes Dr. will give PPI if

patient have history of PUD,
 GERD and GI bleeding

Etoricoxib (COX-2 inhibitor)

arcoxia.pdf

Diclofenac (partially COX-2

inhibitor)

Mefenamic acid (non-selective ✔More anti-inflammatory

COX inhibitor)

Naproxen (non-selective COX ✔High GI risk

inhibitor) ✔More pain relieving

✔Suitable for patients with high

cardiovascular risk

https://
www.uspharmacist.com/
article/cardiovascular-risk-
associated-with-nsaids-and-
cox2-inhibitors

Indomethacin (non-selective ✔High GI risk

COX inhibitor)
Migraine 偏头痛

Generic Brand Dosage Notes

Pp naproxen

Ergotamine tartrate + caffeine Caffox

Joint / Muscle relaxant 松筋

Generic Brand Dosage Notes

Paracetamol + orphenadrine Anarex Orphenadrine citrate 35 mg, https://www.news-

citrate paracetamol 450 mg medical.net/drugs/
Norgesic.aspx
https://www.mims.com/
malaysia/drug/info/anarex
1 tab. TDS
1 tab. 3 times daily
Myoflex_Tablet_Orphenadrine_P
aracetamol_Prime_Pharmaceutic
al_SDN_BHD_9_NOV_2017_EN
Myoflex 吃1粒
G_1.pdf 一天 3 次
Horgesic

Suniton
Nerve 补筋

Generic Brand Dosage Notes

Mecobalamin
Dizzy 晕

Generic Brand Dosage Notes

Dimenhydrinate

Vertigo 耳水不平衡

Generic Brand Dosage Notes

Ear

Generic Brand Dosage Notes

Eye

Generic Brand Dosage Notes

Chloramphenicol
Dexamethasone
Neomycin

Supplement:
Gene Bran Dosa Note
ric d ge s

✔
Dry
eye
Iron deficiency / Anemia 贫血 } 补血

Generic Brand Dosage Notes

Ferrous Sulfate
1 tab. OD Controlled-Release Iron with
Vitamin C and B-Complex
https:// 1 tab. 1 time daily including folic acid
www.abbottlifeplus.com/p/
iberet-reg-folic-500-3 吃1粒 ✔ Better absorption for all day
long
https://www.mims.com/ 一天 1 次
malaysia/drug/info/iberet
%20folic-500?type=full

Ferrous gluconate
1 cap. OD Ferrous gluconate - better
absorption and has
https://sangobion.com.my/ 1 cap. 1 time daily comparable tolerability.
about-sangobion/
吃1粒 Vitamin C improves iron
https://www.mims.com/ absorption.
malaysia/drug/info/sangobion 一天 1 次
%20complete?type=full Folic acid and Vitamin B12 -
production of red blood cells
and for development of babies
during pregnancy.

Copper sulphate and

manganese sulphate - iron
production.

Sorbitol - anti-constipating
 agent.

Iron (III) hydroxide For treatment: ✔ 3rd generation

polymaltose complex
1-2 tab. OD
https:// 1-2 tab. 1 time daily
www.maltofer.com.au/
maltofer-iron-tablets/ 吃 1-2 粒
一天 1 次
https://
www.maltofer.com.au/ For prevention:
maltofer-iron-syrup/
1 tab. OD
https://www.mims.com/ 1 tab. 1 time daily
malaysia/drug/info/maltofer?
吃1粒
type=full
一天 1 次

For treatment:

10-20 mL OD
10-20 mL 1 time daily
吃 10-20 mL
一天 1 次

For prevention:

10 mL OD
 10 mL 1 time daily
吃 10 mL
一天 1 次

Zincofer ✔ bad palatability - rasa nak

muntah
Skin problems

Generic Brand Dosage Notes

If itchy, without red dot/rashes

If itchy, with red dot/rashes

Acne

Generic Brand Dosage Notes

Erythromycin Apply at the affected area Might be purging in the first

Tretinoin week of treatment.

If the condition still not

improving after 3 months, seek
for medical advice
Callus vs. Corn vs. Wart
Callus Corn Wart
40% salicylic acid 40% salicylic acid Plantar warts:
Salicylic acid
Fluorouracil
 https://specialty.mims.com/warts%20-
%20cutaneous/treatment?
channel=infectious-diseases

1. Thoroughly clean and dry the

affected area.
2. Apply the plaster by placing the
center of the foam ring directly on
the corn.
3. Replace the plaster after 2 days.
4. After 4 days, remove the now
softened corn in a warm salt or
soap bath.
5. Repeat if necessary.
Supplement

Generic Brand Dosage Notes

Elderberry
2 tab. OD Help (traditionally) prevent and
ease cold and flu symptoms
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ 2 tab. 1 time daily that are caused by viruses.
pmc/articles/PMC4848651/
吃2粒 Strengthen immune system
https://
www.vitahealth.com.my/ 一天 1 次 Might be useful to help in
elderberry-plus/ preventing COVID-19 infection
(no strong clinical evidence)

Ginkgo biloba
1 tab. OD Improve blood circulation
● Numbness of fingers
https://www.mims.com/ 1 tab. 1 time daily and toes
malaysia/drug/info/tebonin ● Cold hands and feet
%20forte?type=full 吃1粒 ● General fatigue
● Vertigo (Dizziness)
https:// 一天 1 次
my.thomsonhealth.com/ May help in cognitive function
activated-ginkgo/ eg improve memory,
dementia, and Alzheimer’s (no
strong clinical evidence)