SUPPORT MATERIAL IX 2020 21 Watermark

Join @Class_10_Matrrials on Telegram for more
STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL

SESSION : 2020-21
CLASS IX
MATHEMATICS
KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN
REGIONAL OFFICE AGRA

STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL
ADVISORS
Sh. C S Azad
Deputy Commissioner KVS RO Agra
Dr. M L Mishra Mrs. Indira Mudgal

Assistant Commissioner Assistant Commissioner
KVS Regional Office Agra KVS Regional Office Agra
COORDINATOR
Sh. S.K.Sharma
Principal
K.V.Lalitpur
1
Content Team :
SNO TEACHER NAME DESIGNATION Name of KV
1 Mrs. Versha Mohril TGT (MATHS) Noida sec 24
2 Mrs. Richa singh TGT (MATHS) Ghaziabad Shift 2
3 Mrs. Renu Yadav TGT (MATHS) Aligarh
4 Mrs. Pramita TGT (MATHS) OEF Hazratpur
5 Mr. A.K.Gupta TGT (MATHS) Jhansi-3
6 Mrs. Meenal Agrawal TGT (MATHS) No-1 Hindon
7 Mrs. Pooja Pratihasta TGT (MATHS) Greater Noida
8 Mr. B.N.Bhalla TGT (MATHS) Agra No-1
9 Mr. S.N. Khan TGT (MATHS) Lalitpur
10 Mr. K.K.Sharma TGT (MATHS) Etawah
11 Mr. Rajeev Tripathi TGT (MATHS) Baad Mathura
12 Mr. Ashok kumar Gupta TGT (MATHS) Talbehat
13 Mr. S K S Rai TGT (MATHS) Jhansi No-1
14 Mrs. Jyoti Sharma TGT (MATHS) DL Meerut
15 Mr. Ramanuj Yadav TGT (MATHS) Babina Cantt
16 Ms. ALKA MAHESHWARI TGT (MATHS) Agra Cantt No. 2
17 Mrs. JYOTI MEHTA TGT (MATHS) Hindan No. 2 AFS
2
Review Team:
SNO TEACHER NAME DESIGNATION Name of KV
1 Sh. Sunil Kumar TGT (MATHS) Gaziabad (KNN) (Sh-1)

2 Mr. V.K. Sharma TGT (MATHS) Bulandshahar (Sh-1)
3 Mrs ARCHANA AWASTHI TGT (MATHS) Agra No. 1 AFS
4 Mr K.P.Singh TGT (MATHS) Jhansi Cantt No. 1
5 Mr. Rajvir Singh TGT (MATHS) Hindan No. 1 AFS
6 Ms. MAHIMA UPADHYAY TGT (MATHS) Agra Cantt No. 2
7 Mr. Vivek Kumar Tyagi TGT (MATHS) Moradabad
8 Mr. Ram Prasad TGT (MATHS) MRN Mathura
9 Sh. B.P.S. Nagar TGT (MATHS) Meerut SL
10 Mrs Savitri Goel TGT (MATHS) Meerut DL
11 Sh. Neeraj Kumar Sharma TGT (MATHS) NoidaSector - 24 (Sh-2)
3
INDEX
NCERT CHAPTER NO TOPIC
PART- 1
1 NUMBER SYSTEMS
2 POLYNOMIALS
3 COORDINATE GEOMETRY
4 LINEAR EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLES
5 INTRODUCTION TO EUCLID GEOMETRY (DELETED)
6 LINES AND ANGLES
7 TRIANGLES
8 QUADRILATERALS
9 AREAS OF PARALLELOGRAMS & TRIANGLES (DELETED)
10 CIRCLES
11 CONSTRUCTIONS
12 HERON'S FORMULA
13 SURFACE AREAS & VOLUMES
14 STATISTICS
15 PROBABILITY
PART- 2
16 Model Question Paper 1 with marking Scheme
17 Model Question Paper 2 with marking Scheme
4
Revised MATHEMATICS (IX)

(CODE NO. 041)
Session 2020-21
The Syllabus in the subject of Mathematics has undergone changes from time to time in
accordance with growth of the subject and emerging needs of the society. The present
revised syllabus has been designed in accordance with National Curriculum Framework
2005 and as per guidelines given in the Focus Group on Teaching of Mathematics which is
to meet the emerging needs of all categories of students. For motivating the teacher to
relate the topics to real life problems and other subject areas, greater emphasis has been
laid on applications of various concepts.
The curriculum at Secondary stage primarily aims at enhancing the capacity of students to
employ Mathematics in solving day-to-day life problems and studying the subject as a
separate discipline. It is expected that students should acquire the ability to solve problems
using algebraic methods and apply the knowledge of simple trigonometry to solve problems
of height and distances. Carrying out experiments with numbers and forms of geometry,
framing hypothesis and verifying these with further observations form inherent part of
Mathematics learning at this stage. The proposed curriculum includes the study of number
system, algebra, geometry, trigonometry, mensuration, statistics, graphs and coordinate
geometry, etc.
The teaching of Mathematics should be imparted through activities which may involve the
use of concrete materials, models, patterns, charts, pictures, posters, games, puzzles and
experiments.
Objectives
The broad objectives of teaching of Mathematics at secondary stage are to help the learners to:
consolidate the Mathematical knowledge and skills acquired at the upper primary
stage; acquire knowledge and understanding, particularly by way of motivation and
visualization, of basic concepts, terms, principles and symbols and underlying
processes and skills;
develop mastery of basic algebraic skills;
develop drawing skills;
feel the flow of reason while proving a result or solving a problem;
apply the knowledge and skills acquired to solve problems and wherever possible,
by more than one method;
to develop ability to think, analyze and articulate logically;
to develop awareness of the need for national integration, protection of environment,
observance of small family norms, removal of social barriers, elimination of gender
biases;
to develop necessary skills to work with modern technological devices and mathematical
software's.
5
to develop interest in mathematics as a problem-solving tool in various fields for its

beautiful structures and patterns, etc.
to develop reverence and respect towards great Mathematicians for their
contributions to the field of Mathematics;
to develop interest in the subject by participating in related
competitions; to acquaint students with different aspects of
Mathematics used in daily life; to develop an interest in students to
study Mathematics as a discipline.
6
COURSE STRUCTURE CLASS –IX

Unit Unit Name Mark
s s
I NUMBER SYSTEMS 08
II ALGEBRA 17
III COORDINATE GEOMETRY 04
IV GEOMETRY 28
V MENSURATION 13
VI STATISTICS & PROBABILITY 10
Total 80
UNIT I: NUMBER SYSTEMS
1. REAL NUMBERS (10 Periods)

1. Review of representation of natural numbers, integers, rational numbers on the number line. Rational
numbers as recurring/ terminating decimals. Operations on real numbers.
2. Examples of non-recurring/non-terminating decimals. Existence of non-rational numbers (irrational
numbers) such as , and their representation on the number line.
3. Rationalization (with precise meaning) of real numbers of the type

and (and their combinations) where x and y are natural number and a and
b are integers.
4. Recall of laws of exponents with integral powers. Rational exponents with positive real bases (to be done
by particular cases, allowing learner to arrive at the general laws.)
UNIT II: ALGEBRA

1. POLYNOMIALS (15) Periods
Definition of a polynomial in one variable, with examples and counter examples.

Coefficients of a polynomial, terms of a polynomial and zero polynomial. Degree of a
polynomial. Constant, linear, quadratic and cubic polynomials. Monomials, binomials,
trinomials. Factors and multiples. Zeros of a polynomial. Factorization of ax2 + bx + c,
a ≠ 0 where a, b and c are real numbers, and of cubic polynomials using the Factor
Theorem.
Recall of algebraic expressions and identities. Verification of identities:
+
and their use in factorization of polynomials .
7
2. LINEAR EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLES (10) Periods

Recall of linear equations in one variable. Introduction to the equation in two
variables. Focus on linear equations of the type ax+by+c=0. Explain that a linear
equation in two variables has infinitely many solutions and justify their being written
as ordered pairs of real numbers, plotting them and showing that they lie on a line.
Graph of linear equations in two variables. Examples, problems from real life with
algebraic and graphical solutions being done simultaneously.
UNIT III: COORDINATE GEOMETRY
COORDINATE GEOMETRY (6) Periods
The Cartesian plane, coordinates of a point, names and terms associated with the
coordinate plane, notations, plotting points in the plane.
UNIT IV: GEOMETRY
1. LINES AND ANGLES (13) Periods
1. (Motivate) If a ray stands on a line, then the sum of the two adjacent angles so formed is 180O and the
converse.
2. (Prove) If two lines intersect, vertically opposite angles are equal.
3. (Motivate) Results on corresponding angles, alternate angles, interior angles when a transversal intersects
two parallel lines.
4. (Motivate) Lines which are parallel to a given line are parallel.
5. (Prove) The sum of the angles of a triangle is 180O.
6. (Motivate) If a side of a triangle is produced, the exterior angle so formed is equal to the sum of the two
interior opposite angles.
2. TRIANGLES (15) Periods
1. (Motivate) Two triangles are congruent if any two sides and the included angle of one triangle is equal to
any two sides and the included angle of the other triangle (SAS Congruence).
8
2. (Motivate) Two triangles are congruent if the three sides of one triangle are equal to three sides of the
other triangle (SSS Congruence).
3. (Motivate) Two right triangles are congruent if the hypotenuse and a side of one triangle are equal
(respectively) to the hypotenuse and a side of the other triangle. (RHS Congruence)
4. (Prove) The angles opposite to equal sides of a triangle are equal.
5. (Motivate) The sides opposite to equal angles of a triangle are equal.
4. QUADRILATERALS (10) Periods

1. (Prove) The diagonal divides a parallelogram into two congruent triangles.
2. (Motivate) In a parallelogram opposite sides are equal, and conversely.
3. (Motivate) In a parallelogram opposite angles are equal, and conversely.
4. (Motivate) A quadrilateral is a parallelogram if a pair of its opposite sides is parallel and equal.
5. (Motivate) In a parallelogram, the diagonals bisect each other and conversely.
6. (Motivate) In a triangle, the line segment joining the mid points of any two sides is parallel to the third side
and in half of it and (motivate) its converse.
5. CIRCLES (12) Periods
Through examples, arrive at definition of circle and related concepts-radius,

circumference, diameter, chord, arc, secant, sector, segment, subtended angle.
1. (Prove) Equal chords of a circle subtend equal angles at the center and (motivate) its converse.
2. (Motivate) The perpendicular from the center of a circle to a chord bisects the chord and conversely, the
line drawn through the center of a circle to bisect a chord is perpendicular to the chord.
3. (Motivate) Equal chords of a circle (or of congruent circles) are equidistant from the center (or their
respective centers) and conversely.
4. (Prove) The angle subtended by an arc at the center is double the angle subtended by it at any point on the
remaining part of the circle.
5. (Motivate) Angles in the same segment of a circle are equal.
6. (Motivate) The sum of either of the pair of the opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateral is 180° and its
converse.
6. CONSTRUCTIONS (5) Periods

1. Construction of bisectors of line segments and angles of measure 60o, 90o, 45o etc., equilateral triangles.
2. Construction of a triangle given its base, sum/difference of the other two sides and one base angle.
9
UNIT V: MENSURATION
1. AREAS (2) Periods
Area of a triangle using Heron's formula (without proof)
2. SURFACE AREAS AND VOLUMES (12) Periods

Surface areas and volumes of cubes, cuboids, spheres (including hemispheres) and
right circular cylinders/cones.
UNIT VI: STATISTICS & PROBABILITY

1. STATISTICS (6) Periods
Introduction to Statistics: Collection of data, presentation of data — tabular form,

ungrouped / grouped, bar graphs
2. PROBABILITY (9) Periods
History, Repeated experiments and observed frequency approach to probability.

Focus is on empirical probability. (A large amount of time to be devoted to groupand to
individual activities to motivate the concept; the experiments to be drawn from real -
life situations, and from examples used in the chapter on statistics).
1
0
MATHEMATICS
QUESTION PAPER DESIGN
CLASS – IX (2020-21)
Time: 3 Hrs. Max. Marks: 80
%
S. Total
Typology of Questions Weightage
No. Marks
(approx.)
Remembering: Exhibit memory of previously learned material by

recalling facts, terms, basic concepts, and answers.
1 43 54
Understanding: Demonstrate understanding of facts and ideas by
organizing, comparing, translating, interpreting, giving descriptions,
and stating main ideas
Applying: Solve problems to new situations by applying acquired 19 24

2
knowledge, facts, techniques and rules in a different way.
Analysing :
Examine and break information into parts by identifying motives or
causes. Make inferences and find evidence to support
generalizations
Evaluating:
18 22
3 Present and defend opinions by making judgments about
information, validity of ideas, or quality of work based on a set of
criteria.
Creating:
Compile information together in a different way by combining
elements in a new pattern or proposing alternative solutions
Total 80 100
INTERNAL ASSESSMENT 20 MARKS

Pen Paper Test and Multiple Assessment (5+5) 10 Marks
Portfolio 05 Marks
Lab Practical (Lab activities to be done from the prescribed books) 05 Marks
DECUCTED PORTION CLASS

IX
MATHEMATICS Code - 041
CHAPTER TOPICS REMOVED
UNIT I-NUMBER SYSTEMS

REAL NUMBERS Representation of terminating / non-terminating recurring
decimals on the number line through successive magnification.
Explaining that every real number is represented by a unique
point on the number line and conversely, viz. every point on the
number line represents a unique real number.
Definition of nth root of a real number.
UNIT II-ALGEBRA
POLYNOMIALS Motivate and State the Remainder Theorem with examples.

Statement and proof of the Factor Theorem.
x3+y3+z3-3xyz
LINEAR EQUATIONS IN
TWO VARIABLES
UNIT III-COORDINATE GEOMETRY
COORDINATE No deletion
GEOMETRY
UNIT IV-GEOMETRY
INTRODUCTION TO Delete the Chapter
EUCLID'S GEOMETRY
LINES AND ANGLES No deletion
TRIANGLES Proof of the theorem deleted- Two triangles are congruent if any
two angles and the included side of one triangle is equal to any
two angles and the included side of the other triangle (ASA
Congruence).
Topic Deleted-Triangle inequalities and relation between ‘angle
and facing side' inequalities in triangles
QUADRILATERALS No deletion
AREA Delete the Chapter
CIRCLES There is one and only one circle passing through three given
non-collinear points.
If a line segment joining two points subtends equal angle at two
other points lying on the same side of the line containing the
segment, the four points lie on a circle.
CONSTRUCTIONS
UNIT V-MENSURATION
AREAS aquadrilateral.
SURFACE AREAS AND No deletion

VOLUMES
UNIT VI-STATISTICS & PROBABILITY
STATISTICS Histograms (with varying base lengths),

Frequency polygons.
Mean, median and mode of ungrouped data.
PROBABILITY No deletion
Chapter – 1 NUMBER SYSTEMS

Introduction
1. Natural Numbers (N) : All counting numbers 1,2,3,.... are called natural
numbers.
2. Whole Numbers (W) : All natural numbers along with zero are called whole
numbers, i.e W = {0,1,2,3…….}
3. Integers (Z) : The collection of natural numbers, zero and their negatives are
known as integers .
It is denoted by Z, i.e. Z= {0 , ±1, ±2, ±3 , ……}
4. Rational Numbers : A number r is called a rational number, if it can be
written in the form p/q where p and q are integers and q ≠ 0.
5. Irrational numbers : A number s is called an irrational number, if it cannot
be written in the form p/q , where p and q are integers and q ≠ 0.
6. All the rational and irrational numbers make up the collection of real numbers.
Real numbers and their decimal expansion
1. The decimal expansion of a rational number is either terminating or non-

terminating recurring. Moreover,a number whose decimal expansion is
terminating or non-terminating recurring is rational.
2. The decimal expansion of an irrational number is non-terminating non-recurring.

Moreover,a number whose decimal expansion is non-terminating non-recurring
is irrational.
3. There is a unique real number corresponding to every point on the number line.
Also,corresponding to each real number, there is a unique point on the number
line.
Operations on real numbers
1. If we add, subtract , multiply or divide 2 rational numbers the result is always a

rational number.
2. If we add, subtract , multiply or divide 2 irrational numbers the result maybe a
rational or irrational number.
3. The sum or difference of a rational number and an irrational number is always an
irrational number.
4. The product or quotient of a non-zero rational number with an irrational
number is an irrational number.
5. For positive real numbers a and b, the following identities hold :
i. √𝑎𝑏 = √𝑎√𝑏
ii. √
𝑎= √𝑎
𝑏 √𝑏
iii. (√𝑎 + √𝑏)(√𝑎 − √𝑏) = a - b
iv. (𝑎 + √𝑏)(𝑎 − √𝑏) = a2 - b
v. (√𝑎 + √𝑏)2 = a + 2√𝑎𝑏 + b
Rationalisation of the denominator
√𝑎−𝑏
To rationalise the denominator of 1/( √𝑎 + 𝑏), we multiply this by ,
√𝑎−𝑏
where a and b are integers.
Laws of exponents for real numbers

Let a > 0 be a real number and p and q be rational numbers. Then
(i) ap. aq = ap + q
(ii) (ap)q = apq
(iii)ap/aq = ap-q
(iv) ap.bp = (ab)p
MCQ’s
Q1. Which of the following is irrational ?
A) √4/9
B) √12 /√3
C) √7
D) √81
Q2. Every rational number is :
A) Natural number
B) An Integer
C) A real number
D) A whole number
Q3.A number is an irrational if and only if decimal representation is :
A) Non-terminating
B) Non-terminating and repeating
C) Non-terminating and non-repeating
D) terminating
Q4. Which of the following is a rational number?
A) √4
B) 𝜋
C) 1+√3
D) 2√2
Q5. 𝜋 is a/an:
A) Natural number
B) Integer
C) Rational number
D) Irrational number
Q6.Between two rational numbers?
A) There is no rational number

B) There is exactly one rational number
C) There are infinitely many rational numbers
D) There are only rational numbers and no irrational numbers
Q7.Decimal representation of a rational number cannot be:
A) Terminating
B) Non-terminating
C) Non-terminating repeating
D) Non-terminating non-repeating
Q8.The product of any two irrational numbers is:
A) Always an irrational number

B) Always a rational number

C) Always an integer
D) Sometimes rational, sometimes irrational
Q9. 2√3+√3is equal to:
A) 2√6
B) 6
C) 4√6
D) 3√3
Q10. The rationalising factor of 7 − 2√3 is:
A) 7 + 2√3
B) 7 − 2√3
C) 5 − √3
D) 5 + √3
True or false
1. Every integer is a rational number.

2. Every rational number is an irrational number.
3. Every natural number is an integer.
4. Every integer is a natural number.
5. Every rational number is a real number.
6. Every real number is a rational number.
7. Every whole number is a natural number.
8. Every natural number is a whole number.
9. Every integer is a natural number.
10. Every rational number is a whole number.
Short answer type:
1. Find 2 irrational numbers between 1 and 2.

2. Express the following in the form of p/q, where p and q are integers and q ≠ 0
a. 0.3̅
b. 0. ̅17̅̅̅
̅̅̅̅̅
c. 0.123
̅̅̅̅
d. 0.26
3. Simplify each of the following expressions :-
a. (3 + √3)(3 − √3)
b. (√7 + √5)2
c. (2 + √2)(5 + √5)
4. Rationalise the denominator of the following :-
a. 1/√11
b. 1/(√7 − √3)
c. 1/(√5 + 2)
d. (4 + √3)/(4 - √3)
5. Simplify using laws of exponents :
a. (13 + 23 + 33 )1/2
b. 72/3 × 71/3
c. 51/3 ÷ 51/5
d. (27)2/3
6. If 𝑥 = 2 + √3; then find the value of 𝑥 + 1 𝑥.
7. If a = 2, b = 3, then find the values of the following :-
a. (𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏𝑎 )−1
b. (𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏 )−1
(√2−1)
8. If =𝑥 + 𝑦√2,then find the values of x and y.
(√2+1)
(√32+√48)
9. Find the value of
(√8+√12)
10. Prove that 𝑥 𝑎−𝑏 × 𝑥 𝑏−𝑐 × 𝑥 𝑐−𝑎 = 1.
Long Answers type

1
1. Rationalise the denominator of
(√5+√6−√11)
1
2. If 𝑥 = 9 − 4√5 find the value of 𝑥 2 + .
𝑥2
1 1 1 1 1
3. Show that : ( − + − + ) = 5
(3−√8) (√8−√7) (√7−√6) (√6−√5) (√5−2)
1 1
4. If 𝑥 = ,𝑦 = then find the value (𝑥 3 + 𝑦 3 ) .
(7 +4√3) (7 −4√3)
√3−√2 √3+√2
5. If 𝑥 = and 𝑦 = find the value of 𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2.
√3+√2 √3−√2
𝑥 𝑎 1/𝑎𝑏 𝑥 𝑏 1/𝑏𝑐 𝑥 𝑐 1/𝑐𝑎

6. Prove that : [ ] [ 𝑐] [ 𝑎] =1
𝑥𝑏 𝑥 𝑥
𝑥 −1 𝑥 −1 2𝑦 2
7. Prove that : + =
(𝑥 −1 +𝑦 −1 ) (𝑥 −1 −𝑦 −1 ) (𝑦 2 −𝑥 2 )
( 𝑝+𝑞+ 𝑝−𝑞)
8. If 𝑥 = (√𝑝+𝑞−√𝑝−𝑞), then show that 𝑞𝑥 2 − 2𝑝𝑥 + 𝑞 = 0.
√ √
𝑎(𝑏−𝑐)
𝑐
9. Prove that : 𝑥 𝑥𝑏
÷[ ] = 1
𝑥𝑏(𝑎−𝑐) 𝑥𝑎
81 −3/4 25 5
10. Prove that : ( ) × {( )−3/2 ÷ ( )−3 } = 1
16 9 2
Answer Key
Answers MCQs
1 : c , 2 : c , 3 : c , 4 : a , 5 : d , 6 : c , 7 : d , 8 : d , 9 : d , 10 : a
Answers True/ False

1 : T , 2 : F , 3 : T , 4 : F , 5 : T , 6 : F , 7 : F , 8 : T , 9 : F , 10 : F
Answers Short answer questions

1 : any two correct numbers
2:
a)1/3 , b) 17/99 , c) 41/333 , d)4/15
3:
a) 6
b) 12 + 2√35
c) 10 + 2√5 + 5√2 + √10
4:
a) √11/11
√7+√3
b)
4
c) √5 − 2
19+8√3
d)
13
5:
a) 6
b) 7
c) 52/15
d) 9
6:4
1 1
7: a) b)
17 31
8 : x = 3 ; y = -2
9: 2
Answers Long answer questions

6√5+5√6+√330
1:
60
2 : 322
4 : 2702
5 : 99
UNIT: ALGEBRA CHAPTER:2 TOPIC: POLYNOMIALS

LINK OF NCERT FOR CHAPTER DOWNLOAD:-
https://ncert.nic.in/ncerts/l/iemh102.pdf
Reference- CBSE/NCERT curriculum 2020-21
CONTENT OF LESSON
 Introduction
 Polynomials in One Variable
 Zeros of Polynomials
 Remainder Theorem(deleted for session 2020-21)
 Factor Theorem (deleted for session 2020-21)
 Factorization of Polynomials
 Algebraic Identities (except the identity x3+y3+z3 -3xyz)
Algebraic Expressions: An algebraic expression is an expression made up

of variables and constants along with mathematical operators.
Term: A term is a product of variables and constants. A term can be an algebraic

expression in itself.
Examples of a term – 3 which is just a constant.
– 2x, which is the product of constant ‘2’ and the variable ‘x’
– 4xy, which is the product of the constant ‘4’ and the variables ‘x’ and ‘y’.
– 5x2y, which is the product of 5, x, x and y.
The constant in each term is referred to as the coefficient.

Example of an algebraic expression is – 3 x2y+4xy+5x+6 – which is the sum of four terms
– 3 x2y, 4xy, 5x and 6
An algebraic expression can have any number of terms. The coefficient in each term can
be any real number. There can be any number of variables in an algebraic expression.
The exponent on the variables, however, must be rational numbers.
Polynomial
An algebraic expression can have exponents that are rational numbers. However,
a polynomial is an algebraic expression in which the exponent on any variable is a whole
number.
5x3+3x+1 is an example of a polynomial. It is an algebraic expression as well
2x+3√x is an algebraic expression, but not a polynomial. – Since the exponent on x is 1/2
which is not a whole number?
Degree of a Polynomial
For a polynomial in one variable –The highest exponent on the variable in a polynomial
is the degree of the polynomial.
Example: The degree of the polynomial x2+2x+3 is 2, as the highest power of x in the
given expression is x2.
TYPES OF POLYNOMIALS
Polynomials can be classified based on
a) Number of terms
b) Degree of the polynomial.
Types of polynomials based on the number of terms
x3+3x+1
a) Zero Polynomial- The constant polynomial whose coefficients are all equal to 0. Ex. p(x) = 0
b)Monomial – A polynomial with just one term. Example – 2x, 6 x2, 9xy
c) Binomial – A polynomial with two terms. Example – 4 x2+x, 5x+4
d) Trinomial – A polynomial with three terms. Example – x2+3x+4
Types of Polynomials based on Degree

The highest value of the power of the variable in the polynomial is the degree of the
polynomial.
Linear Polynomial
A polynomial whose degree is one is called a linear polynomial.
For example, 2x+1 is a linear polynomial.
Quadratic Polynomial
A polynomial of degree two is called a quadratic polynomial.
For example, 3 x2+8x+5 is a quadratic polynomial.
Cubic Polynomial
A polynomial of degree three is called a cubic polynomial.

For example, 2x3+5 x2+9x+15 is a cubic polynomial.
Other example:
 Polynomials are denoted by p(x), q(x) etc.

 In the above polynomial 2x2, 3y and 2 are the terms of the polynomial.
 2 and 3 are the coefficient of the x2 and y respectively.
 x and y are the variables.
 2 is the constant term which has no variable.
Polynomials in One Variable

If there is only one variable in the expression then this is called the polynomial in one
variable.
Example
 x3 + x – 4 is polynomial in variable x and is denoted by p(x).
 r2 + 2 is polynomial in variable r and is denoted by p(r).
Zeroes of a Polynomial
If p(x) is a polynomial then the number ‘a’ will be the zero of the polynomial with p(a) = 0.
We can find the zero of the polynomial by equating it to zero.
Example: 1
Given polynomial is p(x) = x - 4
To find the zero of the polynomial we will equate it to zero.
x-4=0
x=4
p(4) = x – 4 = 4 – 4 = 0
This shows that if we put 4 in place of x, we got the value of the polynomial as zero. So 4
is the zero of this polynomial. And also we are getting the value 4 by equating the
polynomial by 0.
So 4 is the zero of the polynomial or root of the polynomial.
The root of the polynomial is basically the x-intercept of the polynomial.
If the polynomial has one root, it will intersect the x-axis at one point only and if it has
two roots then it will intersect at two points and so on.
Example: 2
Find p (1) for the polynomial p (t) = t2 – t + 1
p (1) = (1)2 – 1 + 1
=1–1+1
=1
DIVISION ALGORITHM
We know the property of division which follows in the basic division, i.e.
Dividend = (Divisor × Quotient) + Remainder
This same follows the division of polynomial.
If p(x) and g(x) are two polynomials in which the degree of p(x) ≥ degree of g(x) and g(x) ≠
0 are given then we can get the q(x) and r(x) so that:
P(x) = g(x) q(x) + r(x),
where r(x) = 0 or degree of r(x) < degree of g(x).
It says that p(x) divided by g(x), gives q(x) as quotient and r(x) as remainder.
Let’s understand it with an example
Division of a Polynomial with a Monomial
We can see that ‘x’ is common in the above polynomial, so we can write it as
Hence 3x2 + x + 1 and x are the factors of 3x3 + x2 + x.
Steps of the Division of a Polynomial with a Non –Zero Polynomial
Divide x2 - 3x -10 by 2 + x
Step 1: Write the dividend and divisor in the descending order i.e. in the standard
form. x2 - 3x -10 and x + 2
Divide the first term of the dividend with the first term of the divisor.
x2/x = x this will be the first term of the quotient.
Step 2: Now multiply the divisor with this term of the quotient and subtract it from the
dividend.
Step 3: Now the remainder is our new dividend so we will repeat the process again by
dividing the dividend with the divisor.
Step 4: – (5x/x) = – 5
Step 5:
The remainder is zero.

Hence x2 - 3x – 10 = (x + 2)(x - 5) + 0
Dividend = (Divisor × Quotient) + Remainder
Remainder Theorem says that if p(x) is any polynomial of degree greater than or
equal to one and let ‘t’ be any real number and p (x) is divided by the linear polynomial x
– t, then the remainder is p(t).
As we know that
P(x) = g(x) q(x) + r(x)
If p(x) is divided by (x-t) then
If x = t
P (t) = (t - t).q (t) + r = 0
To find the remainder or to check the multiple of the polynomial we can use the
remainder theorem.
Example:
What is the remainder if a4 + a3 – 2a2 + a + 1 is divided by a – 1.
Solution:
P(x) = a4 + a3 – 2a2 + a + 1
To find the zero of the (a – 1) we need to equate it to zero.
a -1 = 0
a=1
p (1) = (1)4 + (1)3 – 2(1)2 + (1) + 1
=1+1–2+1+1
=2
So by using the remainder theorem, we can easily find the remainder after the division of
polynomial.
Factor Theorem
Factor theorem says that if p(y) is a polynomial with degree n≥1 and t is a real number,
then
I. (y - t) is a factor of p(y), if p(t) = 0, and
II. P (t) = 0 if (y – t) is a factor of p(y).
Example: 1
Check whether g(x) = x – 3 is the factor of p(x) = x3 - 4x2 + x + 6 using factor theorem.
Solution:
According to the factor theorem if x - 3 is the factor of p(x) then p(3) = 0, as the root of x –
3 is 3.
P (3) = (3)3 - 4(3)2 + (3) + 6
= 27 – 36 + 3 + 6 = 0
Hence, g(x) is the factor of p(x).
Example: 2
Find the value of k, if x – 1 is a factor of p(x) = kx2 – √2x + 1
Solution:
As x -1 is the factor so p(1) = 0
Factorization of Polynomials
Factorization can be done by three methods
1. By taking out the common factor

If we have to factorize x2 –x then we can do it by taking x common.
x(x – 1) so that x and x-1 are the factors of x2 – x.
2. By grouping
ab + bc + ax + cx = (ab + bc) + (ax + cx)
= b(a + c) + x(a + c)
= (a + c)(b + x)
3. By splitting the middle term
x2 + bx + c = x2 + (p + q) + pq
= (x + p)(x + q)
This shows that we have to split the middle term in such a way that the sum of the two
terms is equal to ‘b’ and the product is equal to ‘c’.
Example: 1
Factorize 6x2 + 17x + 5 by splitting the middle term.
Solution:
If we can find two numbers p and q such that p + q = 17 and pq = 6 × 5 = 30, then we can
get the factors.
Some of the factors of 30 are 1 and 30, 2 and 15, 3 and 10, 5 and 6, out of which 2 and 15
is the pair which gives p + q = 17.
6x2 + 17x + 5 =6 x2 + (2 + 15) x + 5
= 6 x2 + 2x + 15x + 5
= 2 x (3x + 1) + 5(3x + 1)
= (3x + 1) (2x + 5)
Example: 2
Factorize 8x3 + 27y3 + 36x2y + 54xy2
Solution:
The given expression can be written as
= (2x)3 + (3y)3 + 3(4x2) (3y) + 3(2x) (9y2)
= (2x)3 + (3y)3 + 3(2x)2(3y) + 3(2x)(3y)2
= (2x + 3y)3 (Using Identity VI)
= (2x + 3y) (2x + 3y) (2x + 3y) are the factors.
Example: 3
Factorize 4x2 + y2 + z2 – 4xy – 2yz + 4xz.
Solution:
4x2 + y2 + z2 – 4xy – 2yz + 4xz = (2x)2 + (–y)2 + (z)2 + 2(2x) (-y)+ 2(–y)(z) + 2(2x)(z)
= [2x + (- y) + z]2 (Using Identity V)
= (2x – y + z)2 = (2x – y + z) (2x – y + z)
Algebraic Identities
2 2 2
1. (x + y) = x + 2xy + y
2. (x - y)2 = x2 - 2xy + y2
3. (x + y) (x - y) = x2 - y2
4. (x + a) (x + b) = x2 + (a + b)x + ab
5. (x + y + z)2 = x2 + y2 + z2 + 2xy + 2yz + 2zx
6. (x + y)3 = x3 + y3 + 3xy(x + y) = x3+ y3 + 3x2y + 3xy2
7. (x - y)3 = x3- y3 - 3xy(x - y) = x3 - y3 - 3x2y + 3xy2
8. x3 + y3 = (x + y)(x2 – xy + y2)
9. x3 - y3 = (x - y)(x2 + xy + y2)
M.C.Q.
1. A polynomial with one degree is called:
a) Linear polynomial
b) Quadratic polynomial
c) Monomial
d) Binomial
Answer: (a)
2. Which one of the following is a polynomial?
Answer: (c)
3. √3 is a polynomial of degree:
a) 2 b) 0
c) 1 d) 1/2
Answer: (b)
4. Degree of the polynomial 7x5 + 8x2 - 5x + 3 is:

a) 1 b) 3
c) 2 d) 5
Answer: (d)
5. What is the degree of a zero polynomial?

a) 0 b) 1
c) Any natural number d) Not defined
Answer: (d)
6. The value of the polynomial 7x4 + 3x2 - 4, when x = - 2 is:
a) 100 b) 110
c) 120 d) 130
Answer: (c)
7. The zero of the polynomial p(x) = -9x + 9is:
a) 0 b) -9
c) -1 d) 1
Answer: (d)
8. √12 X √15 is equal to:

a) 5√6 b) 6√5
c) 10√5 d) √25
Answer: (b)
9. If y97 + 97 is divided by y + 1, the remainder is:

a) 0 b) 1
c) 95 d) 96
Answer: (d)
10. If x + 1 is a factor of the polynomial 2x2 + kx, then the value of k is:
a) -3 b) 4
c) 2 d) -2
Answer: (c)
11. The value of 992 - 982 is:

a) 1 b) 197
c) 187 d) 207
Answer: (b)
12. One of the factors of (1 + 7x)2 + (49x2 - 1) is:

a) x – 7 b) 7 – x
c) 7x – 1 d) 14x
Answer: (d)
13. The factorization of 6x2 + 11x + 3 is:
a) (3x + 1) (2x + 3) b) (x + 1) (2x + 3)

c) (x + 3) (2x + 1) d) (3x + 3) (x + 1)
Answer: (a)
a) 1 b) –1
c) 0 d) 1/2
Answer: (c)
a) 0 b) 1/4
c) ½ d) 1/√2
Answer: (b)
Level -2 (Short type Questions)

1. Give an example of a monomial and a binomial having degrees as 82 and 99,

respectively.
Solution:
An example of monomial having a degree of 82 = x82
An example of a binomial having a degree of 99 = x99 + x
2. Compute the value of 9x2 + 4y2 if xy = 6 and 3x + 2y = 12.

Solution:
Consider the equation 3x + 2y = 12
Now, square both sides:
(3x + 2y)2 = 122
=> 9x2 + 12xy + 4y2 = 144
=>9x2 + 4y2 = 144 – 12xy
From the questions, xy = 6
So,9x2 + 4y2 = 144 – 72
Thus, the value of 9x2 + 4y2 = 72
3. Find the value of the polynomial 5x – 4x2 + 3 at x = 2 and x = –1
Ans :The value of the polynomial 5x – 4x2 + 3 at x = 2 is -3 and x = -1 is -6.
4.What is the value of ‘a’ if degree of polynomial, x3 + xa-4 + x2 + 1, is 4?
Ans: The value of ‘a’ is 8.
Question 5:Check whether x+3 is a factor of x3 + 3x2 + 5x +15.
Ans: As, p(-3) = 0, x+3 is a factor of x3 + 3x2 + 5x +15.
Question 6:Factorize x2 + 5x + 6.
Ans: (X+2)(X+3)
7.Find the remainder when t3 – 2t2 + t + 1 is divided by t – 1.
Ans: 1
8.Find the zero of the polynomials in each of the following cases:
(i) p(x) = x+5
Solution:
p(x) = x+5
⇒ x+5 = 0
⇒ x = −5
∴ -5 is a zero of the given polynomial p(x).
(ii) p(x) = x–5
Solution:
p(x) = x−5
⇒ x−5 = 0
⇒x=5
∴ 5 is a zero of the given polynomial p(x).
(iii) p(x) = 2x+5
Solution:
p(x) = 2x+5
⇒ 2x+5 = 0
⇒ 2x = −5
⇒ x = -5/2
∴x = -5/2 is a zero of the given polynomial p(x).
(iv) p(x) = 3x–2
Solution:
p(x) = 3x–2
⇒ 3x−2 = 0
⇒ 3x = 2
⇒x = 2/3
∴x = 2/3 is a zero of the given polynomial p(x).
(v) p(x) = 3x
Solution:
p(x) = 3x
⇒ 3x = 0
⇒x=0
∴0 is a zero of the given polynomial p(x).
(vi) p(x) = ax, a≠0
Solution:
p(x) = ax
for zeros,
⇒ ax = 0 since, a≠0
⇒x=0
∴x = 0 is a zero of the given polynomial p(x).
(vii)p(x) = cx+d, c ≠ 0, c, d are real numbers.
Solution:
p(x) = cx + d
⇒ cx+d =0
⇒ x = -d/c
∴ x = -d/c is a zero of the given polynomial p(x).
9. (a)Find the remainder when x3+3x2+3x+1 is divided by
(i)x+1
(ii) x+2
(b)Use the Factor Theorem to determine whether g(x) is a factor of p(x) in each case:
(i) p(x) = 2x3+x2–2x–1, g(x) = x+1
Solution:
p(x) = 2x3+x2–2x–1, g(x) = x+1
g(x) = 0
⇒ x+1 = 0
⇒ x = −1
∴Zero of g(x) is -1.
Now,
p(−1) = 2(−1)3+(−1)2–2(−1)–1
= −2+1+2−1
=0
∴By factor theorem, g(x) is a factor of p(x).
(ii) If (x - 2a) is a factor of 2x4 - 4ax3 + 7x2 - 13ax - 18, find the value of a.
Let p(x) = 2x4 - 4ax3 + 7x2 - 13ax - 18

Because (x - 2a) is a factor of p(x), 2a is a zero of the polynomial.
∴ p(2a) = 0
p(2a) = 2(2a)4 - 4a(2a)3 + 7(2a)2 - 13a(2a) - 18 = 0

32a4 - 32a4 + 28a2 - 26a2 - 18 = 0
2a2 - 18 = 0
Or a2 = 9
Therefore, a = ±3
Question 10: Using suitable identity evaluate the following:

(i) 983 Ans: 9,41,192
(ii) 188 × 212 Ans:39856
Level 3 (Long type Questions)
Question 1: Factorize the given expression:

9x2 + 49y2 + 25z2 - 42xy - 30xz + 70yz
Ans: (-3x + 7y + 5z)(-3x + 7y + 5z)
Question 2:Evaluate (i)(104)3 using suitable identity.

1
(ii) Expand ( +y3)3
𝑋
Example 3- If a2+b2+c2=250 and ab+bc+ca=3, then find the value of a+b+c. Ans:16
1 1
Example 4 – If x+ =7, then find the value of x3+ . Ans:322
𝑋 x3
5. Calculate the perimeter of a rectangle whose area is 25x 2 – 35x + 12.
Solution:
Given,
Area of rectangle = 25x2 – 35x + 12
We know, area of rectangle = length × breadth
So, by factoring 25x2 – 35x + 12, the length and breadth can be obtained.
25x2 – 35x + 12 = 25x2 – 15x – 20x + 12
=> 25x2 – 35x + 12 = 5x(5x – 3) – 4(5x – 3)
=> 25x2 – 35x + 12 = (5x – 3)(5x – 4)
So, the length and breadth are (5x – 3)(5x – 4).
Now, perimeter = 2(length + breadth)
So, perimeter of the rectangle = 2[(5x – 3)+(5x – 4)]
= 2(5x – 3 + 5x – 4) = 2(10x – 7) = 20x – 14

So, the perimeter = 20x – 14
Self evaluation
1.Find the value of k if (x-1) is a factor of 4x3+3x2−4x+k.
2.factorise (i) 2X5+432X2Y3

(II) X8-Y8
3.What must be subtracted from 4X4-2X3-6X2+X-5, so that the result is exactly divisible by 2X2+X-1?
4:expand (4a-2b-3c)2
5: if X+Y=12 and XY= 27, find the value of X3+Y3
Answers:
1: K=-3
2 (i)2X2(X+6Y)(X2-6XY+36y2) (ii)(X4+Y4)(X2+Y2)(X+Y)(X-Y)
3: -6
4:16a2+4b2+9c2-16ab+12bc-24ac
5:756
Chapter 3
Coordinate Geometry
Cartesian System
Cartesian plane & Coordinate Axes
Cartesian Plane: A cartesian plane is defined by two perpendicular number lines, A
horizontal line(x−axis) and a vertical line (y−axis).
The horizontal line is known as the x-axis and the vertical line is known as the y-axis.
These lines are called coordinate axes. The Cartesian plane extends infinitely in all
directions.
Origin: The coordinate axes intersect each other at right angles,The point of
intersection of these two axes is called Origin.
Quadrants
The cartesian plane is divided into four equal parts, called quadrants. These are named
in the order as I, II, III and IV starting with the upper right and going around in
anticlockwise direction.
Points in different Quadrants.

Signs of coordinates of points in different quadrants:
I Quadrant: ‘+’ x – coordinate and ‘+’ y – coordinate. E.g. (2, 3)
II Quadrant: ‘-’ x – coordinate and ‘+’ y – coordinate. E.g. (-1, 4)
III Quadrant: ‘-’ x – coordinate and ‘-’ y – coordinate. E.g. (-3, -5)
IV Quadrant: ‘+’ x – coordinate and ‘-’ y – coordinate. E.g. (6, -1)
Plotting on a Graph
Representation of a point on the Cartesian plane
Using the co-ordinate axes, we can describe any point in the plane using an ordered pair
of numbers. A point A is represented by an ordered pair (x, y) where x is
the abscissa and y is the ordinate of the point.
Plotting a Point in the Plane if its Coordinates are Given
Steps to plot the point (2, 3) on the Cartesian plane -

 First of all, we need to draw the Cartesian plane by drawing the coordinate axes with 1
unit = 1 cm.
 To mark the x coordinates, starting from 0 moves towards the positive x-axis and
count to 2.
 To mark the y coordinate, starting from 2 moves upwards in the positive direction and
count to 3.
 Now this point is the coordinate (2, 3)
Likewise, we can plot all the other points, like (-3, 1) and (-1.5,-2.5)
Multiple Choice Questions
1. The points (–4,–8) lies in:

a) First quadrant b) Second quadrant
c) Third quadrant d) Fourth quadrant
2. The point (0, –5) lies:
a) On the x-axis b) On the y-axis
c) In the first quadrant d) None of the above
3. Ordinate of all the points in the x-axis is:
a) 0 b) 1
c) –1 d) Any natural number
4. Points (1, -2), (1, -3), (3, -3)
a) Lie in III quadrant b) Lie in II quadrant
c) Lie in IV quadrant d) Do not lie in the same quadrant
5. If the x-coordinate of a point is zero, then this point lies:
a) In II quadrant b) In I quadrant
c) On x-axis d) On y-axis
6. If the perpendicular distance of a point P from the x-axis is 7 units and the foot of
the perpendicular lies on the negative direction of x-axis, then the point P has:
a) y-coordinate = 7 or –7 only b) y-coordinate = 7 only
c) y-coordinate = –7 only d) x-coordinate = –7
7. On plotting P (–3, 8), Q (7, –5), R (–3, –8) and T (–7, 9) are plotted on the graph
paper, then point(s) in the third quadrant are:
a) P and T b) Q and R
c) Only R d) P and R
8. If the coordinates of the two points are P (–7, 5) and Q (–6, 9), then (abscissa of
P) – (abscissa of Q) is
a) –3 b) 1
c) –2 d) –1
9. Abscissa of a point is positive in:
a) I and II quadrants b) I and IV quadrants
c) I quadrant only d) II quadrant only
10. The point whose ordinate is 8 and lies on y-axis:
a) (0, 8) b) (8, 0)
c) (5, 8) d) (8, 5)
11. The coordinates of any point on the y-axis are of the form (0, k), where |k| is the
distance of the point from the:
a) y-axis b) x-axis
c) (0, 1) d) (1, 0)
12. The mirror image of a point (3, 4) on y-axis is:
a) (3, 4) b) (–3, 4)
c) (3, –4) d) (–3, –4)
13. The distance of the points (5, 0) and (–3, 0) from x-axis is:
a) –3 b) 5
c) 0 d) 2
14. The perpendicular distance of a point P (5, 8) from the y-axis is:
a) 5 b) 8
c) 3 d) 13
15. A point (x + 2, x + 4) lies in the first quadrant, the mirror image for which for x-axis
is (5, –7). What is the value of x and what is the point?
a) 1 , (–5, –7) b) 4 , (–5, 7)
c) 2 , (5, –7) d) 3, (5, 7)
Short answer question Type I ( 1 marks)
1. What is the abscissa of origin?

2. At what point the axes intersect?
3. What is the sign of y-coordinate below the x-axis?
4. What are the coordinates of a point lying on the y-axis at negative 3 units?
5. If the y- coordinate of a point is zero, then where does this point lie?
6. What are the coordinates of a point whose ordinate is 5 and lying on the y-axis?
7. What is the sign of x-coordinate in quadrant II?
8. A person covers 10 meters in the west direction. What is his position in the
coordinate axis assuming origin to the point from where he starts travelling?
Short answer question Type II (2 marks )
9. If the two points are A (-3,7) and B(-7,5), then what is (abscissa A)- (abscissa B)?
10.In which quadrant or on which axis do each of the points (-2,4), (3,-1), (-4,0), (2,3) lie?
11. Given (5, y) = (y, 5). What is the value of y?
long answer question Type I ( 3 marks)
12. Without plotting the points indicate the quadrant in which they will lie, if
(i) the ordinate is 5 and abscissa is – 3
(ii) the abscissa is – 5 and ordinate is – 3
(iii) the abscissa is – 5 and ordinate is 3
(iv) the ordinate is 5 and abscissa is 3
long answer question Type II (4 marks)
13. Write the coordinates of each of the points P, Q, R, S, T and O from the figure given.
14. Plot the following points and check whether they are collinear or not:
(1, 3), (– 1, – 1), (– 2, – 3)
MCQ (Answers)
1. C ,
2. B
3. A
4. C
5. D
6. A
7. C
8. D
9. B
10. A
11. B
12. B
13. C
14. A
15. D
Answer
1. Zero
2. Origin
3. Negative
4. (0, -3)
5. X-axis
6. (0,5)
7. Negative
8. (-10, 0)
9. 4
10. 2nd , 4th , x-axis, 1st
11. Y=5
12. 4th , 3rd , 2nd, 1st
13. P(1,1), Q (-3, 0), R(-2, -3) , S (2,1), T (4, -2)
14.
The points (1, 3), (– 1, – 1), (– 2, – 3) lie in a straight line,
Hence, the points are collinear.
CHAPTER 4
LINEAR EQUATION IN TWO VARIABLES
CONTENT OF CHAPTER
An equation of the form ax + by + c = 0, where a,b,c are real numbers, a≠ 0, b≠ 0 and x, y are variables, is
called linear equation in two variables.
Any pair of values of x and y which satisfies the equation ax + by + c = 0 is called a solution of it. A linear
equation in two variables has infinitely many solutions.
A graph of any linear equation in two variables is a straight line.
x = 0 is the equation of y-axis and y=0 is the equation of x-axis.
The graph of x = a is a straight line parallel to y-axis and the graph of y = a is a straight line parallel to x-
axis.
An equation of type y = mx represents a line passing through origin.
Every point on the graph of a linear equation in two variables is a solution of linear equation. Moreover,
every solution of the linear equation is a point on the graph of the linear equation.
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. The solution of the equation x – 2y = 4 is :
(a) (0,2) (b) (4,0) (c) (1,1) (d) (2,0) Ans (b)
2. In graphical representation of y = -4, line is:
(a) Parallel to x-axis (c) parallel to y-axis
(b) Passes through origin (d) None of these Ans (a)
3. Solution of the equation 2x + 1 = x + 3 is:
(a)3 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 4 Ans (c)
4. The graph of line x – y = 0 passes through:
(a) (2,3) (b) (3,4) (c) (5,6) (d) (0,0) Ans (d)
5. The graph of line x + y = 7 intersect the x-axis at:
(a) (7,0) (b) (0,7) (c) (-7,0) (d) (0,-7) Ans (a)
6. Point (4,1) lies on the line:
(a) x+2y=5 (b) x+2y=6 (c) x+2y=-6 (d) x+ 2y=16 Ans (b)
7. The linear equation 2x-5y=7 has
(a) A unique solution (c) two solutions
(b) Infinitely many solution (d) no solution Ans (b)
8. If (2,0) is a solution of linear equation 2x+3y=k, the value of k is :

(a) 4 (b) 6 (c) 5 (d) 2 Ans (a)
9. Any point on the x-axis is of the form:
(a) (x,y) (b) (0,y) (c) (x,0) (d) (x,x) Ans (c)
10. The equation x =7in two variables can be written as:
(a) x+0y=7 (b) 0x+y=7 (c) 0x+0y=7 (d) x+y=7 Ans (a)
11. The graph of the linear equation 2x+3y=6cuts the y-axis at the point:
(a) (2,0) (b) (0,3) (c) (3,0) (d) (0,2) Ans (d)
12. How many linear equation in x and y can be satisfied by x=1 and y=2?
(a) only one (b) two (c) infinitely many (d) three Ans (c)
13. The point of the form (a,a) always lies on:
(a) x-axis (b) y-axis (c) on the line y=x (d) on x+y=0 Ans (c)
14. If we multiply or divide both sides of a linear equation with a non-zero number,then the solution
of the linear equation:
(a) changes
(b) remains the same
(c) changes in case of multiplication only
(d) changes in case of divison only Ans (b)
15. The positive solutions of the equation ax+by+c=0 is always lie in the
(a) 1st quadrant (c)3rd quadrant
(b) 2nd quadrant (d) 4th quadrant Ans (a)
SHORT ANSWER QUESTION

1. Express the following linear equation of the form ax+by+c=0 and indicate the value of a, b and c
in each case:
(i) -2x + 3y =12
(ii) 2x + 3 = 0
(iii) Y – 5 =0
Ans (i) -2x+3y-12=0,a=-2,b=3,c=-12
(ii) 2x+0y+3=0; a=2,b=0, c=3
(iii)0x+y-5=0; a=0,b=1,c=-5
2. Write 2x = -3 as an equation in two variables: Ans{ 2x +0y+3=0]
3. The cost of ball pen is Rs 5 less than the double the cost of fountain pen. Write the statement as
a linear equation in two variables. Ans [2x-y-5=0]
4. Write two solution of the equation 3x +4y=7. Ans [x=1,y=1;x=2,y=1/4]
5. Check whether ( 2, -2 ) and ( 0,6 ) are the solution of the equation 2x – y =6 .
Ans [ Yes, No ]
6. If x= -1 and y=2 is a solution of the equation 3x + 4y =k, find the value of k.
Ans [ 5 ]
7. Give the equation of two lines passing through ( 3,12 ). How many more such lines are there ?
Ans.[ 4x-y=0,3x-y+3=0
8. If the point (2, -2) lies on the graph of the linear equation 5x + ky = 4, Find the value of k.
Ans. K= 3
9. Find the value of k , if x=2,y=1 is a solution of 2x + 3y = k. Ans [7]
10. If the point (3,4) lies on the graph of 3y = ax +7. Find a. Ans [5/3]
LONG ANSWER QUESTION

1. A three-wheeler scooter charges Rs 15 for the first kilometre and Rs 8 each for every subsequent
kilometre. For a distance of x km, an amount y is paid. Write the linear equation representing the
above information and also draw its graph.
Ans [ y = 8x+7 ]
2. Draw the graphs of 2x+y=6 and 2x-y+2=0. Shade the region bounded by these lines and x-axis.
Find the area of the shaded region. Ans [8 sq. units]
3. Draw the graphs of the equations x-y =1 and 2x+y=8. Shade the region boubded by these lines
and y-axis. Also determine the area. Ans [13.5 sq.units]
4. Draw the graph of the linear equation 2x + 3y =12. At what points the graph of equation cuts x-
axes and y-axis. Ans [(6,0) (0,4)]
5. Give the geometrical representation of 2x+9=0 as an equation.
(i)in one variable (ii) in two variable
6. The work done by a body on application of a constant force is the product of the constant force
and the distance travelled by the body in the direction of the force. Express this in the form of
linear equation in two variables and draw its graph by taking the constant force as 3 units. What
is the work done when the distance travelled is 2 units.
Ans [y=3x; 6]
7. Draw the graph of linear equation 3x+2y=6. Also find the where it cuts the x-axis and y-axis.
Ans [(2,0)(0,3)]
8. Yamini and Fatima , two students of class 9th together contributed Rs. 50 to the PM Releif fund to
help earthquake victims. write a linear equation which satisfies the data and draw the graph.
Ans [ x+y=50]
9. Draw the graph of the equations 3x- 2y =4 and x + y =3 in the same graph paper. Find the
coordinates of the point where the two lines intersect. Ans [2,1]
10. In counties like USA temperature is measure in Farenheit, whereas in India it is measured in
Celsius. Here is a linear equation that converts Farenheit to Celsius:
F = (9/5)C + 32
(i) Draw the graph of the linear equation above, using Celsius for x-axis and Farenheit for y-
axis
(ii) If the temperature is 00C, what is the temperature in Farenheit and if the temperature is
00F what is temperature in Celsius.
(iii) Is there a temperature which is numerically same in both Farenheit and Celsius? If yes,
find it. Ans [320F, -17.80C] [ -400C]
TOPIC/ UNIT- 5 Deleted
TOPIC/ UNIT- 6 LINES AND ANGLES
BASIC TERMS AND DEFINITIONS:
COLLINEAR POINTS: If three or more points lie on the same line, they are called collinear points
otherwise they are called non-collinear points.
TYPES OF ANGLES:
1. ACUTE ANGLES: Angles that lie between 00 and 900 (00<x<900)e.g. 20, 300, 450, 780, 890.
2. RIGHT ANGLE: Exactly equal to 900
3. OBTUSE ANGLES: Angles that lie between 900 and 1800 (900<x<1800). E.g.910, 1100, 1790.
4. STRAIGHT ANGLE: Exactly equal to1800
5. REFLEX ANGLES: Angles greater than 1800 and less than 3600. E.g. 1810, 2700 etc.
6. COMPLETE ANGLES: An angle whose measure is exactly 360°. A full circle.
PAIR OF ANGLES:
7. COMPLEMENTARY ANGLES: Two angles whose sum is 900 are complementary angles.
8. SUPPLEMENTARY ANGLES: Two angles whose sum is 1800 are supplementary angles.
9. ADJACENT ANGLES: Two angles are adjacent, if they have a common vertex, a common arm
and their non-common arms are on different sides of the common arm.
Here angles ABD and DBC are adjacent angles.

10. LINEAR PAIR OF ANGLES:Two adjacent angles make a linear pair when their non common arms
make a straight line ,so their sum is 1800.eg:
Here angles ABD and DBC make a linear pair and their sum is equal to
0
180 .
11. VERTICALLY OPPOSITE ANGLES: These are formed when two lines intersect each other.
Vertically opposite angles are equal to each other.
Axiom 1: If a ray stands on a line, then the sum of two adjacent angles so formed is 180°.
Axiom 2: If the sum of two adjacent angles is 180°, then the non-common arms of the angles form a
line.
When the sum of two adjacent angles is 180°, then they are called a linear pair of angles.
If a ray stands on a line, then the sum of two adjacent angles so formed is 180°.
∠AOC + ∠BOC = 180°, Here OC ray stands on the line AB
Property: If two lines intersect each other, then the vertically opposite angles are equal.
∠AOD = ∠BOC
∠COA = ∠DOB
A TRANSVERSAL:
A line which intersects two or more lines at distinct points is called a transversal.
E.g. Line l intersects lines m and n at points P and Q respectively. Therefore, line l is a transversal for lines
m and n.
Observe that four angles are formed at each of the points P and Q. ∠ 1, ∠2. . . ∠8 as shown in the figure.
∠ 1, ∠ 2, ∠ 7 and ∠ 8 are called exterior angles, while ∠ 3, ∠ 4, ∠ 5 and ∠ 6 are called interior angles.
We classify these eight angles in the following groups:
(i) Corresponding angles:
 ∠1 and ∠5
 ∠2 and ∠6
 ∠4 and ∠8
 ∠3 and ∠7
(ii) Alternate interior angles:
 ∠4 and ∠6
 ∠3 and ∠5
(iii) Alternate exterior angles
 ∠1 and ∠7
 ∠2 and ∠8
(iv) Interior angles on the same side of the transversal OR co- interior angles/consecutive interior
angles/allied angles
 ∠4 and ∠5
 ∠3 and ∠6
PARALLEL LINES AND A TRANSVERSAL
Relation between the angles when line m is parallel to line n:
AXIOM : If a transversal intersects two parallel lines, then each pair of corresponding angles is equal.
i.e., ∠1 = ∠5, ∠2 = ∠6
and ∠4 = ∠8, ∠3 = ∠7
CONVERSE: If a transversal intersects two lines such that a pair of corresponding angles is equal, then
the two lines are parallel to each other.
i.e. given if it is given that ∠1 = ∠5 or ∠2 = ∠6 or ∠4 = ∠8 or ∠3 = ∠7, then line m is parallel to the line n
AXIOM: If a transversal intersects two parallel lines, then each pair of alternate interior angles is
equal.
i.e., ∠4 = ∠6
and ∠3 = ∠5
CONVERSE :If a transversal intersects two lines such that a pair of alternate interior angles is equal,
then the two lines are parallel
AXIOM: If a transversal intersects two parallel lines, then each pair of co-interior angle is
supplementary.
i.e., ∠4 + ∠5 = 180°
and ∠3 + ∠6 = 180°
CONVERSE: If a transversal intersects two lines such that a pair of co-interior angles on the same side
of the transversal is supplementary, then the two lines are parallel.
Lines Parallel to the Same Line: If two lines are parallel to the same line, will they be parallel to each
other.
Here, line m is parallel to line l and line n is parallel to line l.

Hence, line m will parallel to line n.
Angles Sum Property of a Triangle
The sum of all three interior angles of a triangle is 180°

∠1 + ∠2 + ∠3 = 180°.
Exterior angle property of a triangle
If a side of a triangle is produced, then the exterior angle, so formed is equal to the
sum of the two interior opposite angles.
∠4 = ∠1 + ∠2
1. Value of x in the figure below is:
a) 20o b) 40o
c) 80 o
d) 160o
2. If two complementary angles are in the ratio 13: 5, then the angles are:
a) 13xo, 5xo b) 25o, 65o

c) 65 , 25
o o
d) 65o, 35o
3. In the given figure, find the value of x:
a) 40o b) 50o c) 60o d) 80o

4. In the given figure, ∠1 = ∠2 then the measurements of ∠3 and ∠4 are:
a) 58o, 61o b) 61o, 61o

c) 119o, 61o d) 119o, 119o
5. In the figure, p || q. The value of x is:
a) 35o b) 55o
c) 70o d) 110o
6. A reflex angle is:
a) Less than 90 degrees b) Equal to 90 degrees
c) More than 180 degrees d) Equal to 180 degrees
7. If two lines intersect each other, then the vertically opposite angles are:
a. Equal b. Unequal
c. Cannot be determined d. None of the above
8. Two angles whose sum is equal to 180° are called:
a) Vertically opposite angles b) Complementary angles
c) Adjacent angles d) Supplementary angles
9. The angle which is equal to 8 times its complement is:
a)720 b) 880
c) 920 d) 800
10. The complement of (90-a0) is:
a) a0 b)-a0
c) 900+a d) 900-a
ANSWER KEY
1. b
2. c
3. b
4. d
5. b
6. c
7. a
8. d
9. d
10. a
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
Q1. In the figure, lines AB and CD intersect at O. If ∠AOC + ∠BOE = 70° and
∠BOD = 40°, find ∠BOE and reflex ∠COE.
Ans: reflex∠COE = 250°, ∠BOE = 30°

Q2. In the given figure, ∠ PQR = ∠ PRQ, then prove that ∠PQS = ∠PRT.
Q3. In figure, find the values of x and y and then show that AB || CD.
Ans:x=1300 and y =1300

Q4. In figure, if AB || CD, ∠APQ = 50° and ∠PRD = 127°, find x and y.
Ans: x = 50° and y = 77°

Q5. In figure, sides QP and RQ of ∆PQR are produced to points S and T,
respectively. If ∠SPR = 135° and ∠PQT = 110°, find ∠PRQ.
Ans: ∠PRQ = 65°

Q6. In figure, if lines PQ and RS intersect at point T, such that ∠ PRT = 40°, ∠ RPT
= 95° and ∠TSQ = 75°, find ∠ SQT.
Ans: ∠SQT = 60°

Q7. In the figure, OQ bisects ∠AOB. OP is a ray opposite to ray OQ.
Prove that ∠POA = ∠POB
Q8. The angles of a triangle are in the ratio 2:3:4. Find all the angles of the triangle.
Ans: Angles 40o, 60o, 80o
LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS
Q1. In the figure given below, AB ‖CD and BC‖DE. Find the values of x, y and z
Ans: x = 390 , y = 960 , z = 390
Q2. In the given figure , line PQ , UV and RS intersect each other at O. ∠ POV = 7x ,
∠ ROU = 3x and ∠ VOQ = 2x .Find ∠ SOV and ∠ ROQ
Ans: ∠ SOV = 600, ∠ ROQ = 800

Q3. In the figure, DE║BC. Find the value of ‘x’.
Ans: x = 680
Q4. In the adjoining figure, l ‖m‖n. Find the ratio (x+y):(y-x).
Ans: (x+y) : (y-x) = 21:5
Q5. In adjoining Fig. , ∠X = 62°, ∠XYZ = 54°. If YO and ZO are the bisectors of
∠XYZ and ∠XZY respectively of Δ XYZ, find ∠OZY and ∠YOZ.
Ans: ∠OZY = 32°, ∠YOZ = 121°

Class 9 Chapter 7 - Triangles Based on NCERT TEXT BOOK
Triangle: A closed figure formed by three straight lines is called a triangle (‘Tri’ means ‘three’). A
triangle has three sides, three angles and three vertices. A triangle is a three-sided polygon, which has
three vertices. The three sides are connected with each other end to end at a point, which forms the angles
of the triangle.
Congruence: The word ‘congruent’ means equal in all aspects or the figures whose shapes and sizes
are same.
1. Two circles are congruent if their radii are same.
2. Two squares are congruent if their sides are equal.
Congruence of Triangles
In a pair of triangles if all three corresponding sides and three corresponding angles are exactly equal, then
the triangles are said to be congruent.
In congruent triangles, the corresponding parts are equal. This is written as CPCT (Corresponding part of
the congruent triangle
The symbol of congruent is “≅”.

AB = DE, BC = EF, CA = FD,m∠A = m∠D, m∠B = m∠E, m∠C = m∠F, Here ∆ABC ≅ ∆DEF
Criteria for Congruence of Triangle
S.No. Rule Meaning Figure
If two sides and the included

angle of one triangle are equal
1. SAS (Side-Angle-Side) to the two sides and the
Congruence rule included angle of the other
triangle, then they are called
congruent triangles.
If the two angles and the

included side of one triangle
2. ASA (Angle-Side-Angle) is equal to the two angles and
Congruence rule the included side of the other
triangle then they are called
If any two pairs of angles and

a pair of the corresponding
3. AAS (Angle-Angle-Side)
side is equal in two triangles
Congruence rule
then these are called
If all the three sides of a

triangle are equal with the
4. SSS (Side-Side-Side)
three corresponding sides of
Congruence rule
another triangle then these are
called congruent triangles.
If there are two right-angled

5. RHS (Right angle-Hypotenuse- triangles then they will be
Side) congruence rule congruent if their hypotenuse
and any one side are equal.
Remark
1. SSA and ASS do not necessarily show the congruency of triangles.
2. AAA is also not the right condition to prove that the triangles are congruent.
Why SSA and AAA congruency rules are not valid?
 SSA or ASS test is not a valid test for congruency as the angle is not included between the pairs of
equal sides.-
o The AAA test also is not a valid test as even though 2 triangles can have all three same
angles, the sides can be of differing lengths.

Isosceles triangle: A triangle in which two sides are equal is called an isosceles triangle. So, ∆ABC is an
isosceles triangle with AB = AC.
 Theorem 1: Angles opposite to equal sides of an isosceles triangle are equal.

i.e., ∠B = ∠C
 Proof: Suppose we are given isosceles triangle ABC having BA = CA.
We need to prove that ∠ B = ∠C
Firstly, we will draw bisector of ∠ A which intersects BC at point D.

For the Δ BAD and Δ CAD, given that BA = CA, from the figure ∠ BAD = ∠ CAD and AD =
AD.
Thus, by SAS rule Δ BAD ≅ Δ CAD.
Therefore, ∠ ABD = ∠ ACD, since they are corresponding angles of congruent triangles.
Hence, ∠ B = ∠C.
 Theorem 2: The sides opposite to equal angles of a triangle are equal. i.e., AB = AC
In Δ ABC, the bisector AD of ∠ A is perpendicular to side BC. Show that AB = AC and Δ ABC is
isosceles.
From the figure, In Δ BAD and Δ CAD,

It is given that, ∠ BAD = ∠ CAD
AD = AD (Common side)
∠ ADB = ∠ ADC = 90°
So, Δ BAD ≅ Δ CAD by ASA congruence rule.

Therefore, by CPCT, AB = AC (CPCT) or in other words Δ ABC is an isosceles
EXAMPLE 1 AD and BC are equal perpendiculars to a line segment AB (see figure). Show that CD
bisects AB.
Solution:
In ∆BOC and ∆AOD, we have
∠OBC = ∠OAD [ 90 degree ]
BC = AD [Given]
∠BOC = ∠AOD [Vertically opposite angles]
∴ ∆OBC ≅ ∆OAD [By AAS congruency]
⇒ OB = OA [By C.P.C.T.]
i.e., O is the mid-point of AB.
Thus, CD bisects AB.
EXAMPLE 2 In right triangle ABC, right angled at C, M is the mid-point of hypotenuse AB. C is joined
to M and produced to a point D such that DM = CM. Point D is joined to point B (see figure). Show that
(i) ∆AMC ≅ ∆BMD
(ii) ∠DBC is a right angle
(iii) ∆DBC ≅ ∆ACB
(iv) CM = 1/2 AB
Solution:
Since M is the mid – point of AB.
∴ BM = AM
(i) In ∆AMC and ∆BMD, we have
CM = DM [Given]
∠AMC = ∠BMD [Vertically opposite angles]
AM = BM [Proved above]
∴ ∆AMC ≅ ∆BMD [By SAS congruency]
(ii) Since ∆AMC ≅ ∆BMD

⇒ ∠MAC = ∠MBD [By C.P.C.T.]
But they form a pair of alternate interior angles.
∴ AC || DB
Now, BC is a transversal which intersects parallel lines AC and DB,
∴ ∠BCA + ∠DBC = 180° [Co-interior angles]

But ∠BCA = 90° [∆ABC is right angled at C]
∴ 90° + ∠DBC = 180°
⇒ ∠DBC = 90°
(iii) Again, ∆AMC ≅ ∆BMD [Proved above]

∴ AC = BD [By C.P.C.T.]
Now, in ∆DBC and ∆ACB, we have
BD = CA [Proved above]
∠DBC = ∠ACB [Each 90°]
BC = CB [Common]
∴ ∆DBC ≅ ∆ACB [By SAS congruency]
(iv) As ∆DBC ≅ ∆ACB

DC = AB [By C.P.C.T.]
But DM = CM [Given]
∴ CM = ½ DC = ½ AB
⇒ CM = ½ AB
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

Q1 Choose the correct statement
(a) a triangle has two right angles
(b) all the angles of a triangle are more than 60°
(c) an exterior angle of a triangle is always greater than the opposite interior angles
(d) all the angles of a triangle are less than 60°
Answer (c)
Q2 If AD is an altitude of an isosceles triangle ABC in which AB = AC. Then:

a. BD=CD
b. BD>CD
c. BD<CD
d. None of the above
Answer (a)
Q3 In ∆ABC, BC = AB and ∠B = 80°. Then ∠A is equal to:

a) 80°
b) 40°
c) 50°
d) 100°
Answer (c)
Q 4 In the given figure, PS is the median then ∠QPS?

a) 40°
b) 50°
c) 80°
d) 90°
Answer: (b)
Q5 In the given figure, if the exterior angle is 135° then ∠P is:
a) 45°
b) 60°
c) 80°
d) 90°
Answer: (d)
Q6 In triangles ABC and PQR, AB = AC, ∠C = ∠P and ∠B = ∠Q. The two triangles are:
a) Isosceles but not congruent
b) Isosceles and congruent
c) Congruent but not isosceles
d) Neither congruent nor isosceles
Answer (a)
Q7 If E and F are the midpoints of equal sides AB and AC of a triangle ABC. Then:
a) BF=AC
b) BF=AF
c) CE=AB
d) BF = CE
Answer – (d)
Q8 D is a point on the side BC of a ΔABC such that AD bisects ∠BAC. Then

a) BD: DC = AB: AC
b) CD > CA
c) BD > BA
d) BA > BD
Answer (a)
Q9. In triangles ABC and DEF, AB = FD and ∠A = ∠D. The two triangles will be congruent by SAS
axiom if:
a) BC = EF
b) AC = DE
c) AC = EF
d) BC = DE
Answer b)
Q10 Angles opposite to equal sides of a triangle are ————–
a) Equal
b). Double
c). Different
d). None
Answer a)
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
Q1 ABCD is a quadrilateral in which AD = BC and ∠DAB = ∠CBA. Prove that

(i) ΔABD ≅ ΔBAC
(ii) BD = AC
(iii) ∠ABD = ∠BAC.
Q 2 In figure, D and E are points on side BC of a ΔABC such that BD = CE and AD = AE. Show that
ΔABD ≅ ΔACE.
Q3 In the given figure ΔBAC ≅ ΔQRP by SAS criterion of congruence. Find the value of x and y.
Q4 In ΔABC, medians BD and CE are equal and intersect each other at O. Prove that ΔABC is an
isosceles triangle.
Q5 ABC is an isosceles triangle in which altitudes BE and CF are drawn to equal sides AC and AB
respectively. Show that these altitudes are equal.
Q6 In Given fig ABC is an isosceles triangle in which AB = AC. Side BA is produced to D such that AD
= AB. Show that ∠BCD is a right angle.
Q1 Two adjacent angles on a straight line are in a ratio 5:4. Find the measure of each one of these
angles.
Ans 100 and 80 degrees
Q2 Prove that bisectors of two adjacent supplementary angle include a right angle.
Q3 Prove that angles opposite to equal sides of an isosceles triangle are equal.
Q4 AD is an altitude of an isosceles ΔABC in which AB = AC. Show that AD bisects BC.
Q5 Without drawing the triangles write all six pairs of equal measures
in each of the following pairs of congruent triangles.
(a) ΔSTU≅ΔDEF
(b) ΔABC≅ΔLMN
(c) ΔYZX≅ΔPQR
(d) ΔXYZ≅ΔMLN
Q6 In the given figure, triangles PQC and PRC are such that QC = PR and PQ = CR. Prove that ∠PCQ =
∠CPR.
Q7 Are two equilateral triangles always congruent? Give reasons.

Q8 In the given figure, PQR is a triangle in which PQ = PR. QM and RN are the medians of the triangle.
Prove that(i) ΔNQR ≅ ΔMRQ (ii) QM = RN (iii) ΔPMQ ≅ ΔPNR
Q9 The angles of the triangle are in the ratio 2:3:7. Find the measure of each angle of the triangle.
Ans 30,45,105 degrees
Q10 In the given figure, PQ = CB, PA = CR, ∠P = ∠C. Is ΔQPR≅ΔBCA? If yes, state the criterion of
congruence.
Chapter 8 QUADRILATERALS
A four sided polygon is called a quadrilateral. It has 4 sides, 4 vertices and 4 angles.
Angle Sum Property of a Quadrilateral :- The sum of interior angles of a quadrilateral is 3600
Types of Quadrilateral :-
1. Rectangle
2. Square
3. Parallelogram
4. Rhombus
5. Trapezium
6. Kite
Properties of a Parallelogram :-
1. Its opposite sides are equal.

2. Its opposite angles are equal.
3. Its opposite sides are congruent and parallel.
4. Its diagonals bisect each other.
5. Its adjacent angles are supplementary.
Theorems :-
1. A diagonal of a parallelogram divides it into two congruent triangles.

2. In a parallelogram, opposite sides are equal.
3. If each pair of opposite sides of a quadrilateral is equal, then it is a parallelogram.
4. In a parallelogram, opposite angles are equal.
5. If in a quadrilateral, each pair of opposite angles is equal, then it is a parallelogram.
6. The diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other.
7. If the diagonals of a quadrilateral bisect each other, then it is a parallelogram.
8. A quadrilateral is a parallelogram if a pair of opposite sides is equal and parallel.
9. Mid-point theorem (MPT) : The line segment joining the mid-points of two sides of a triangle
is parallel to the third side and is half of it.
10. Converse of MPT : The line drawn through the mid-point of one side of a triangle, parallel to
another side bisects the third side.
Example : In the figure BDEF and FDCE are parallelograms. Can you say that
BD = CD A
F E
B D C
Sol. Since opposite sides of a parallelogram are equal.
Therefore, In parallelogram BDEF and FDCE,
BD = FE
and DC = FE
So BD = DC , Yes
Example : Diagonals of a quadrilateral ABCD bisect each other. If ∠A = 350 ,
Determine ∠B .
Sol. As diagonals of quadrilateral ABCD bisect each other, therefore ABCD is a IIgm
So ∠ A + ∠ B = 180o (Co-interior angles)
350 + ∠B = 180o
∠B = 180o - 350
∠B = 145o
MCQ
QUES.-1 A quadrilateral ABCD is a trapezium if -
(a) AB = DC (b) AD = BC (c) ∠ A + ∠C =180o (d) ∠ B + ∠C = 180o

QUES.-2 If two adjacent angles of a parallelogram are in the ratio 3 : 2, then the angles are
(a) 100o, 800 (b) 144o, 360 (c) 120o, 600 (d) 108o, 720
QUES.-3 If PQRS is a parallelogram, then ∠Q - ∠S is equal to -
(a) 90o (b) 120o (c) 0o (d) 180o
QUES.-4 ABCD is a rhombus such that ∠ ACB = 400 then ∠ADB is –
(a) 40o (b) 45o (c) 50o (d) 60o
QUES.-5 The bisectors of any two adjacent angles of a parallelogram intersect at -

(a) 30o (b) 45o (c) 90o (d) 60o
QUES.-6 ABCD is a trapezium in which AB II CD. M and N are the mid-points of sides AD and
BC respectively. If AB = 12 cm, MN = 14 cm, then CD is equal to-
(a) 10 cm (b) 12 cm (c) 14 cm (d) 16 cm
QUES.-7 In a quadrilateral ABCD, ∠ A +∠C is two times ∠B + ∠D . If A = 140o,
∠ D = 600 , then ∠ B equals
(a) 60o (b) 80o (c) 120o (d) None of these
QUES.-8 Which of the following statements is true
(a) The diagonals of a rectangle are perpendicular.
(b) Every square is a rhombus.
(c) The diagonals of a rhombus are equal.
(d) A quadrilateral is a square if all of its sides are equal.
QUES.-9 Which of the following is not true for a parallelogram
(a) Opposite sides are equal
(b) Opposite angles are equal
(c) Opposite angles are bisected by the diagonals
(d) Diagonals bisect each other
QUES.-10 Three angles of a quadrilateral are 75o , 90o and 75o . The fourth angle is
(a) 90o (b) 95o (c) 105o (d) 120o
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
QUES.-1 Two opposite angles of a parallelogram are (3x-2)0 and (63-2x)0. Find all the angles
of the parallelogram.
QUES.-2 In the adjoining figure, bisectors of ∠ A and ∠ C of quadrilateral ABCD meet DC

1
and BA produced at Y and X respectively. Prove that ∠ X + ∠Y = (∠ A + ∠ C )
2
C Y
X A B
QUES.-3 The angles of a quadrilateral are in the ratio 3 : 5 : 9 : 13. Find all the angles of the
quadrilateral.
QUES.-4 The sides BA and DC of quadrilateral ABCD are produced as shown in the figure. Prove that
x+y=a+b
D y C
a F
E b
A x
QUES.-5 ABCD is a rhombus in which altitude from D to side AB bisects AB. Find the angles of the
Rhombus.
QUES.-6 In the given figure, ABCD is a parallelogram and AP, CQ are perpendiculars from the Vertices
A, C respectively on the diagonal BD. Show that
(i) ∆ APB ≅ ∆ CQD (ii) AP = CQ

D C
A B
QUES.-7 Bisectors of two adjacent angles A and B of quadrilateral ABCD intersect at O. Prove that 2∠
AOB = ∠ C + ∠ D
QUES.-8 In a parallelogram ABCD, AM and CN are perpendiculars to the diagonal BD . Prove that AM =
CN.
QUES.-9 ABCD is a parallelogram. AB is produced to E such that BE = AB. Prove that ED bisects BC.
QUES.-10 Prove that the bisector of any two consecutive angles of parallelogram intersect at right
angles.
LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS
QUES.-1 In the given figure, ABCD is a parallelogram and E is the mid-point of AD. A line through D,
drawn parallel to EB, meets AB produced at F and BC at L. Prove that
(i) AF = 2 DC (ii) DF = 2 DL
D C
A B F
QUES.-2 ABCD is a parallelogram, E and F are the mid-points of AB and CD respectively. GH is any line
intersecting AD, EF and BC at G, P and H. Prove that GP = PH.
QUES.-3 Show that the diagonals of a square are equal and bisect each other at right angles.
QUES.-4 ABCD is a rectangle and P, Q, R and S are mid-points of the sides AB, BC,CD and DA
respectively. Show that the quadrilateral PQRS is a rhombus.
QUES.-5 Prove that the opposite angles of an isosceles trapezium are supplementary.
QUES.-6 P, Q and R are the mid-points of the sides BC, CA and AB respectively of a triangle ABC. PR And
1
BQ meet at X, CR and PQ meet at Y. Prove that XY = BC.
4
QUES.-7 ABCD is a rhombus, EABF is a straight line such that EA = AB = BF. Prove that ED and FC when
produced meet at right angles.
QUES.-8 ABC is an isosceles triangle with AB = AC and D, E, F are the mid-points of the sides BC, CA, AB
respectively. Show that AD and FE bisect each other at right angles.
QUES.-9 In triangle ABC, the medians BE and CF are produced to points P and Q respectively such that
EP = BE and FQ = CF. Prove that
(i) Q, A and P are collinear (ii) A is the mid-point of QP
QUES.-10 Points A and B are on the same side of a line l .AM and BN are perpendiculars to the line l . If C
is the mid-point of AB, prove that CM= CN
ANSWERS
1. (d) 2. (d) 3. (c) 4. (c) 5. (c) 6. (d) 7. (a) 8. (b) 9. (c) 10 (d)
Short Answer
1. 370 , 1430 , 370 and 1430 2. 360 , 600 , 1080 and 1560
Chapter 9 TOPIC/ UNIT- AREAS OF PARALLEOGRAMS AND TRIANGLES -DELETED

CHAPTER 10 (CIRCLES)
https://www.philoid.com/app?o=all&a=ncert&n=/9/487/iemh110
QUIZ:
https://forms.office.com/Pages/ResponsePage.aspx?id=e_Eu4EDtyUqTuIUXmjgAl1e5P12QOx9Pj9KMt
NHFoTdUQVpPU0tGVEQzWUFYMjdQVk1YV0MzSjNZNS4u
CIRCLE:-A circle is a collection of all points in a plane which are at a constant distance
(radius) from a fixed point (centre).
Terms related to circle:
(i) Chord: A line segment joining two points on the circle is called the chord of
circle. In figure PQ is chord of circle.

(ii) Segments ( minor and major)
(iii) Angle subtended by chord :

(a) Equal chords of a circle subtend equal angle at the centre of the circle.
If chord AB = chord CD, then ∠1 = ∠2

(b) If angles subtended by the chords of a circle at the centre are equal, then the
chords are equal.

If ∠1 = ∠2, then chord AB = chord CD
(c) The perpendicular drawn from the centre of a circle to a chord bisects the
chord.
If OC is perpendicular to chord AB then AC = BC
(d) Equal chords are equidistant from centre.

If chord AB = chord CD, then OM = ON (here distance from centre means
perpendicular distance from centre)
(e) Chords equidistant from centre of a circle are equal in length i.e. if OM = ON,
then chord AB = chord CD

(iv) Angle subtended by an arc of a circle:
(a) The angle subtended by an arc at the centre of a circle is double of the angle
subtended by it at any point on the remaining part of the circle.
(b) Angles in the same segment of a circle are equal.

Here circle is divided in two segments minor (yellow) and major (blue).  P
and Q are in major (blue) segment. So  P= Q.
(c) Angle in the semi circle is right angle

In the figure AB is diameter, so arc ACB is semi circle therefore angle ACB =
90°
(v) Cyclic quadrilateral:
If all four vertices of a quadrilateral are on the circle (on the boundary of
circle), then quadrilateral is called cyclic quadrilateral
(a) The sum of either pair of opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateral is 180°.In
the figure ABCD is cyclic quadrilateral. So A + C =180° and B + D =
180°
(b) If the sum of a pair of opposite angles of a quadrilateral is 180°.the
quadrilateral is cyclic.

1. In the figure, BAC and BDC are in same segment of a circle. If ABC = 60° ACB
= 50°, then BDC is

(a) 120°
(b) 100°
(c) 70°
(d) 60°
2. AC is diameter , BAC =30°, then the value of BCA is
(a) 30°
(b) 45°
(c) 60°
(d) 80°
3. In the given figure ,ABCD is cyclic quadrilateral
DAB =60°, then DCE is :
(a) 60°
(b) 90°
(c) 120°
(d) 140°
4. Radius of the given circle is 10 cm and OR is
perpendicular to PQ , If OR = 6 cm, then PQ is

(a) 4 cm
(b) 8 cm
(c) 10 cm
(d) 16 cm
5. A,B and C are points on the circle of centre O. If ACB =40°, then AOB is:
(a) 20°
(b) 40°
(c) 60°
(d) 80°
6. In the figure, O is the centre of the circle. The value of x is
(a) 100°
(b) 110°
(c) 55°
(d) 125°
7. In figure, diameter AD = 34 cm, chord AB = 30 cm. The
distance from the centre O to chord AB is
(a) 34 cm
(b) 17 cm
(c) 8 cm
(d) 15 cm
8. BC is diameter of semicircle with centre O. ABO =65°, OAC
is
(a) 25°
(b) 35°
(c) 45°
(d) 15°
9. In given figure BAC =30°, then ADC is
(a) 60°
(b) 120°
(c) 90°
(d) 45°
10. In the given figure O is the centre of the circle. If POR
=60°, then the value of PQR is
(a) 60°
(b) 80°
(c) 120°
(d) 150°

1. Two congruent circles intersect each other at point A and B. Through A any line
segment PAQ is drawn so that P and Q lie on the two circles. Prove that BP = BQ
2. A circle has radius √2 cm. It is divided into two segments by a chord of length 2 cm.
Prove that the angle subtended by the chord at a point in major segment is 45°.
3. In figure, if OA = 10 cm, AB = 16 cm and ODꓕ AB. Find the value of CD.
4. If BM and CN are perpendiculars drawn on the sides AB and AC of the ΔABC, then
prove that the points B, C, M and N are cyclic.
5. In the figure, AB is a diameter of circle with centre O. Radius OD is perpendicular to
AB. If C is any point on arc DB, find BAD and ACD.

6. In the figure, AB is a diameter of a circle. If PAB=55°, PBQ=25° and ABR=50°,
find PBA, BPQ and BAR

7. Two circles are drawn with sides AB and AC of a triangle ABC as Diameters. The
circles intersect at a point D. If AB = 5cm, BD = 3 cm and AC = 6 cm , find BC.
8. Prove that the diameter of a circle that bisects a chord also bisects the angle
subtended by the chord at the centre of the circle.
9. Prove that the circle drawn on any equal side of an isosceles triangle as diameter
bisects the base.
10. In a cyclic quadrilateral PQRS, if P - R = 50, find P.
1. If a line is drawn parallel to the base of an isosceles triangle to intersect its equal
sides, prove that the quadrilateral so formed is cyclic.
2. In the figure O is the centre of the circle, BCO =30°. Find x and y.
3. In the given figure, PS = SR , RPS =54°and PRQ =26°. Find TQR and RTQ
4. ABC is a triangle inscribed in a circle with centre O. If AOC =130° and BOC
=150°, find ACB.
5. In the given figure , AC is the diameter of circle with centre O. Chord BD is
perpendicular to AC. Find measures of angles x, y, z& w in terms of a.
ANSWERS (M.C.Q)
1-(c), 2-(c), 3-(a), 4-(d), 5-(d), 6-(d), 7-(c), 8-(a), 9-(b), 10-(d)
ANSWERS (SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS)
(3) CD = 4 cm, (5) BAD =45° , ACD =45°, (6) PBA =35°, BPQ =30° ,
BAR =40°, (7) BC = 3+2√5 cm (10) P =115°
ANSWERS (LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS)
(2) x = 30° and y = 15°
(3) TQR = 72° RTQ = 8°
(4) ACB = 40°
(5) x = a/2, y = 90°- a/2, z=a/2, w = 90°- a/2
TOPIC: CONSTRUCTION
Following types of constructions using ruler and compass are important.
1. Construction of angle 60°, 120°, 30°, 90° etc.
2. Bisecting a given angle.
3. Construction of perpendicular bisector of a given line segment.
4. Construction of a triangle if its base, a base angle and sum of other two
sides given.
5. Construction of a triangle if its base, a base angle and difference of other
two sides given.

Q1. The sum of three angles of a triangle is:
(A) 320° (B) 180° (C) 120° (D) 260°

Q2. Number of angles in each triangle is:
(A) Five (B) Four (C) Three (D) Two

Q3. Bisector of an angle divides it into ……………… equal parts.
(A)2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 5

Q4. If a 60° angle is bisected twice, what will be measure of each angle that is
constructed?
(A)30° (B) 60° (C) 15° (D) 75°

Q5. The construction of a triangle ABC, given that BC = 3cm, ∠C = 60° is possible when
difference of AB and AC is equal to
(A)3.2 cm (B) 3.1 cm (C) 3 cm (D) 2.8 cm
Q6. A triangle can be constructed when the lengths of its three sides are
(A) 7cm, 3cm, 4cm (B) 3.6cm, 11.5cm, 6.9cm
(C) 5.2cm, 7.6cm, 4.7cm (D) 33mm, 8.5cm, 49mm
Q7. A unique triangle cannot be constructed if its
(A) Three angles are given (B) Two angles and one side is given
(C) three sides are given (D) Two sides and included angle is given
Q8. Which of the following angle can be constructed using ruler and compass only?
(A) 35° (B)40° (C) 37.5° (D) 47.5°

Q9. If the lengths of two sides of an isosceles triangle are 4cm and 10 cm, then the length
of third side is
(A) 4 cm (B) 10 cm (C) 7 cm (D) 14 cm

Q10. If one side of a triangle is 6 cm, then the triangle is possible if the sum of other two
sides is
(A)Greater than 6cm (B) Smaller than 6cm
(C) Equal to 6cm (D) Don’t know

Q1. Draw a line segment of 7.2 cm and bisect it. Also measure each part.
Q2. Construct an angle of measure 75°, using compass and ruler.
Q3. Construct an equilateral triangle if its altitude is 6 cm.
Q4. Construct a triangle ABC, in which BC = 5.6 cm, ∠B = 30° and the difference
between the other two sides is 3 cm.
Q5. Construct a triangle XYZ in which ∠ Y = 30°, ∠Z = 90° and XY + YZ + ZX = 11 cm.
Q6. Construct an angle of 90° at the initial point of a ray and justify it.
Q7. Construct an angle of 45° at the initial point of a ray and then bisect it.
Q8. Construct a triangle ABC in which BC = 7cm, ∠B = 75° and AB + AC = 13 cm.
Q9. Construct a triangle PQR in which QR = 6cm, ∠Q = 60° and PR – PQ = 2 cm.
Q10. Construct an angle of 135° and bisect it.

Q1. Construct a triangle having its perimeter 12.5 cm and the ratio of the angles 3 : 4 : 5.
Q2. Construct a right triangle with base 4.5 cm and the perimeter 11.7 cm.
Q3. Construct a triangle whose angles are in the ratio 1 : 3 : 5 and the length of sides
included by first and last angles is 6 cm.
Q4. Construct an isosceles triangle whose base is 7.4 cm and the vertical angle is twice
each of its base angle.
Q5. Construct a right triangle with perimeter 11 cm and one base angle is 30°.
TOPIC/ UNIT- Chapter -12 HERON’S FORMULA
Main Concepts :
• Rectangle
(a) Area = length x breadth b
(b) Perimeter = 2 (length + breadth)
(c) Diagonal = √length2 + breadth2
l
• Square
(a) Area = (side)2 a
(b) Perimeter = 4 × side
(c) Diagonal = √2 × side
a
•
Triangle with base (b) and altitude (h)
1
Area = 𝐴 = 2
× 𝑏 × ℎ,
HERON’S FORMULA –
Heron gave the famous formula for finding the area of triangle in the term of its three
sides. This formula is helpful where it is not possible to find the height of the triangle
easily. The formula given by him is also known as Heron’s formula as stated below
• HERON’S FORMULA : If a, b, c are the lengths of the sides of a triangle

ABC, Then,
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 ∆ 𝐴𝐵𝐶 = √𝑠(𝑠 − 𝑎)(𝑠 − 𝑏)(𝑠 − 𝑐) (Heron’s Formula)
𝑎+𝑏+𝑐
Where 𝑠 = is the Semi-perimeter of ∆ 𝐴𝐵𝐶 .
2
• Isosceles triangle, with base a and equal sides b

b b
a
𝑎
Area of isosceles triangle = √4 𝑏2 − 𝑎2
4
• Equilateral triangle with side a

√𝟑
𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂 = 𝒂𝟐
𝟒
Area of a Triangle –
1 1
𝐴 = 2
× 𝑏 × ℎ, 𝐴 = 2
× 𝑏ℎ
• Area of a Parallelogram
Parallelogram with base b and altitude h
= ×
= ×
 Area of a Trapezium
1 1
𝐴 = 𝑏1ℎ + 𝑏2ℎ,
2 2
𝟏
𝑨 = × 𝒉(𝒃𝟏 + 𝒃𝟐).
𝟐
• Rhombus with diagonals d1 and d2

1
(a) 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 2
𝑑1 × 𝑑2 .
𝑑 𝑑 2 2 d1 d2
(b) 𝑆𝑖𝑑𝑒 = √( 1 ) + ( 2 ) 
2 2
(c) Perimeter = 2 √𝑑12 + 𝑑22 
• Regular hexagon with side a
Area = 6 × Area of an equilateral triangle with side a
√𝟑
𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂 = 𝟔 × 𝟒
𝒂𝟐
𝟑 √𝟑
= 𝒂𝟐
𝟐
DO YOU KNOW ?
• Area of a cyclic quadrilateral having sides a, b, c and d is also given by a formula

similar as to Heron’s formula of a triangle.
𝒂+𝒃+𝒄+𝒅
𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂 = √𝒔(𝒔 − 𝒂)(𝒔 − 𝒃)(𝒔 − 𝒄)(𝒔 − 𝒅) where 𝒔 =
𝟐
SOLVED PROBLEMS -
1. The lengths of the three sides of a triangular field are 40 m, 24 m and 32 m
respectively. Find the area of the triangle?
Ans : (b) 384 m2
Here, a = 40 m b = 24 m and c = 32 m
a+b+c
here s =
2
40 + 24 + 32 96
s = = = 48 m
2 2
Area = √s(s − a)(s − b)(s − c)
= √48(48 − 40)(48 − 24)(48 − 32)
= √48 × 8 × 24 × 16 = 384 m2
2. Side of a triangle are in the ratio of 12 : 17 : 25 and its perimeter is 540 cm. Find
its area.
Ans. Perimeter of the triangle = 540 cm

⇒ Semi–perimeter of the triangle,
𝟓𝟒𝟎
𝒔 = = 𝟐𝟕𝟎 𝒎
𝟐
∴ The sides are in the ratio of 12 : 17 : 25.
∴ a = 12x cm, b = 17x cm, c = 25x cm
∴ 12x + 17x + 25x = 540
⇒ 54x = 540
𝟓𝟒𝟎
𝒙 = 𝟓𝟒 = 𝟏𝟎
∴ a = 12 × 10 = 120 cm
b = 17 × 10 = 170 cm
c = 25 × 10 = 250 cm
⇒ (s - a) = (270 - 120) cm = 150 cm
(s - b) = (270 - 170) cm = 100 cm
(s - c) = (270 - 250) cm = 20 cm
∴ Area of the triangle
𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂 = √𝒔(𝒔 − 𝒂)(𝒔 − 𝒃)(𝒔 − 𝒄)
= √𝟐𝟕𝟎 × 𝟏𝟓𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎𝟎 × 𝟐𝟎
= √𝟑 × 𝟑 × 𝟑 × 𝟏𝟎 × 𝟑 × 𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎 × 𝟐 × 𝟐 × 𝟓 = 9000 𝑐𝑚 2
3. The sides of a triangular field are 33 m, 44 m and 55 m. Find the cost of leveling
the field at the rate of Rs. 1.20 per m2 ?
Here, a = 33 m, b = 44 m and c = 55 m
𝒂+𝒃+𝒄
here 𝒔 = 𝟐
𝟑𝟑 + 𝟒𝟒 + 𝟓𝟓 𝟏𝟑𝟐
𝒔 = = = 𝟔𝟔 𝒎
𝟐 𝟐
𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂 = √𝒔(𝒔 − 𝒂)(𝒔 − 𝒃)(𝒔 − 𝒄)

= √𝟔𝟔(𝟔𝟔 − 𝟑𝟑)(𝟔𝟔 − 𝟒𝟒)(𝟔𝟔 − 𝟓𝟓) .
= √𝟔𝟔 × 𝟑𝟑 × 𝟐𝟐 × 𝟏𝟏 = 726 𝑚 2
Cost of leveling = Rs. ( 726 x 1.20) = Rs. 871.20
4. The sides of a triangle are 25 cm, 17 cm and 12 cm. Find the length of the
altitude on the longest side?
Ans : (b) 7.2 cm
Here, a = 25 cm, b = 17 cm and c = 12 cm

𝒂+𝒃+𝒄
here 𝒔 =
𝟐
𝟐𝟓 + 𝟏𝟕 + 𝟏𝟐 𝟓𝟒
𝒔 = = = 𝟐𝟕 𝒄𝒎
𝟐 𝟐
𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂 = √𝒔(𝒔 − 𝒂)(𝒔 − 𝒃)(𝒔 − 𝒄)
= √𝟐𝟕(𝟐𝟕 − 𝟐𝟓)(𝟐𝟕 − 𝟏𝟕)(𝟐𝟕 − 𝟏𝟐) .
= √𝟐𝟕 × 𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎 × 𝟏𝟓 = 90 𝑐𝑚 2
Again
1
𝐴 = × 𝑏 × ℎ,
2
1
90 = × 25 × ℎ,
2
180 36
𝒉= = = 7.2 𝑐𝑚
25 5
5. A traffic signal board, indicating ‘SCHOOL AHEAD’, is an equilateral triangle with

side ‘a’. Find the area of the signal board, using Heron’s formula. If its perimeter
is 180 cm, what will be the area of the signal board?
Triangle is an Equilateral triangle of side 𝒂
𝒂+𝒃+𝒄
here 𝒔 =
𝟐
𝒂+𝒂+𝒂 𝟑𝒂
𝒔 = =
𝟐 𝟐
𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂 = √𝒔(𝒔 − 𝒂)(𝒔 − 𝒃)(𝒔 − 𝒄)

𝟑𝒂 𝟑𝒂 𝟑𝒂 𝟑𝒂
= √ ( − 𝒂) ( − 𝒂) ( − 𝒂)
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝟑𝒂 𝒂 𝒂 𝒂 √𝟑
= √ × × × = × 𝒂𝟐
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟒
𝟏𝟖𝟎
If perimeter is 180 cm , then side = 𝟑
= 𝟔𝟎 𝒄𝒎
√𝟑
Area of triangle = = × 𝟔𝟎𝟐 = = 𝟗𝟎𝟎√𝟑 𝒄𝒎𝟐
𝟒
6. The triangular side walls of a flyover have been used for advertisements. The sides
of the walls are 122 m, 22 m and 120 m (see Fig.). The advertisements yield an
earning of Rs. 5000 per m2 per year. A company hired one of its walls for 3
months. How much rent did it pay?
Sides if triangular region are
a = 122 m, b = 22 m and c = 120 m
𝒂+𝒃+𝒄
here 𝒔 =
𝟐
𝟏𝟐𝟐 + 𝟐𝟐 + 𝟏𝟐𝟎 𝟐𝟔𝟒
𝒔 = = = 𝟏𝟑𝟐 𝒎
𝟐 𝟐
𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂 = √𝒔(𝒔 − 𝒂)(𝒔 − 𝒃)(𝒔 − 𝒄)
=
√𝟏𝟑𝟐(𝟏𝟑𝟐 − 𝟏𝟐𝟐)(𝟏𝟑𝟐 − 𝟐𝟐)(𝟏𝟑𝟐 − 𝟏𝟐𝟎) .
= √𝟏𝟑𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎 × 𝟏𝟏𝟎 × 𝟏𝟐 = 1320 𝑚2
Rent paid for three months

3
= Rs. 1320 × 5000 ×
12
= Rs. 16,50,000
7. There is a slide in a park. One of its side walls has been painted in some colour
with a message “KEEPTHE PARK GREENAND CLEAN” (see Fig. ). If the sides of the
wall are 15 m, 11 m and 6 m, find the area painted in colour.
Sides of wall are
a = 15 m, b = 11 m and c = 6 m
𝒂+𝒃+𝒄
here 𝒔 =
𝟐
15 + 11 + 6 32
s = = = 16 m
2 2
Area = √s(s − a)(s − b)(s − c)
= √16(16 − 15)(16 − 11)(16 − 6)
= √16 × 1 × 5 × 10 = √800 = 20 √2 m2
8. The sides of a triangular plot are in the ratio of 3 : 5 : 7 and its perimeter is 300
m. Find its area ?
Ans : (b) 1500√3 𝑚2
Suppose that the sides, in metres, are
3x , 5x and 7x .
Then, we know that, 3x + 5x + 7x = 300 (Perimeter of the triangle)
Therefore,
15x = 300 Which gives x = 20
So the sides of the triangle are (3 x 20)

m, (5x 20) m and (7x 20) m
i.e., 60 m, 100 m, and 140 m
We have,
𝒂+𝒃+𝒄
here 𝒔 = 𝟐
60 + 100 + 140 300
𝑠 = = = 150 𝑚
2 2
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = √𝑠(𝑠 − 𝑎)(𝑠 − 𝑏)(𝑠 − 𝑐)
= √150(150 − 60)(150 − 100)(150 − 140) .
= √150 × 90 × 50 × 10 = 1500√3 𝑚2
9. A rhombus shaped field has green grass for 18 cows to graze. If each side of the
rhombus is 30 m and its longer diagonal is 48 m, how much area of grass field will
each cow be getting?
30m
30 48m
m 30
m
30m
The given rhombus shaped field is divided into two triangle of same area
Now , sides of triangle
a = 48 m
b = 30 m
c = 30 m
𝒂+𝒃+𝒄
here 𝒔 = 𝟐
𝟒𝟖 + 𝟑𝟎 + 𝟑𝟎 𝟏𝟎𝟖
𝒔 = = = 𝟓𝟒 𝒎
𝟐 𝟐
𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂 = √𝒔(𝒔 − 𝒂)(𝒔 − 𝒃)(𝒔 − 𝒄)
= √𝟓𝟒(𝟓𝟒 − 𝟒𝟖)(𝟓𝟒 − 𝟑𝟎)(𝟓𝟒 − 𝟑𝟎) .
= √𝟓𝟒 × 𝟔 × 𝟐𝟒 × 𝟐𝟒 = 432 𝑚2
Area of rhombus shaped field = 2 x area of triangle
= 2 x 432 = 864 𝑚2
Therefore ,
𝟖𝟔𝟒
The area of grass field will each cow be getting =
𝟏𝟖
= 𝟒𝟖 𝑚2
HEIGHER ORDER THINKING SKILLS –
1. From a point within an equilateral triangle,

perpendiculars are drawn to its sides. The length
of these perpendiculars are 6 m, 7 m and 8 m.
The area of the triangle is -
(a) 160 sq. m (b) 147 √3 𝑠𝑞 𝑚
(c) 210 √3 𝑠𝑞 𝑚 (d) 2 7 √3 𝑠𝑞 𝑚
Ans : (b) 147 √3 𝑠𝑞 𝑚

√𝟑
Area of  𝐴𝐵𝐶 = 𝒂𝟐
𝟒
Area of  ABC = area of  AOB + area of  BOC + area of  AOC
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
= × 𝑶𝑫 × 𝒂 + × 𝑶𝑬 × 𝒂 + × 𝑶𝑭 × 𝒂
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
= ×𝟔×𝒂+ ×𝟕×𝒂+ ×𝟖×𝒂
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝒂
= × (𝟐𝟏)
𝟐
√𝟑 𝒂
 𝟒
𝒂𝟐 =
𝟐
× (𝟐𝟏)
𝟒𝟐
𝒂 = = 𝟏𝟒 √𝟑
√𝟑
√𝟑 𝟐
Area of  𝐴𝐵𝐶 = × (𝟏𝟒 √𝟑) = 147 √3 𝑠𝑞 𝑚
𝟒
2. If the perimeter of the isosceles triangle is 11 cm and the base is 5 cm then, find the
area of the isosceles triangle?
Given base a = 5 cm
Perimeter of isosceles triangle = 11 cm
b + b + 5 = 11
b b
2b = 6
b = 3 cm
a = 5 cm
Area of isosceles triangle
𝑎
Area of isosceles triangle =
4
√4 𝑏2 − 𝑎2
5
=
4
√4 (3)2 − 52
5
= √36 − 25
4
5
=
4
√11 𝑐𝑚2
3. Find the area of the equilateral triangle, whose each side is 8 cm ?

√𝟑
Area of equilateral triangle = 𝟒
𝒂𝟐
√𝟑
= × 𝟖𝟐 8 cm
𝟒
√𝟑
= × 𝟔𝟒
𝟒
= 𝟏𝟔 √𝟑 𝒄𝒎𝟐
4x 3x
4. The lengths of the sides of a triangle h
are in the ratio of 3 : 4 : 5 and its
perimeter is 144 cm. Find the area of
the triangle and the height 5x
corresponding the longest side.
Suppose that the sides, in cm, are 3x ,
4x and 5x .
Then,
we know that, 3x + 4x + 5x = 144 (Perimeter of the triangle)
Therefore,
12x = 144
Which gives x = 12
So the sides of the triangle are (3 x 12) cm, (4 x 12) cm and (5 x 12) cm
i.e., 36 cm, 48 cm, and 60 cm
We have,
𝒂+𝒃+𝒄
here 𝒔 =
𝟐
144
s = = 72 cm
2
𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂 = √𝒔(𝒔 − 𝒂)(𝒔 − 𝒃)(𝒔 − 𝒄)

=
√𝟕𝟐 (𝟕𝟐 − 𝟑𝟔)(𝟕𝟐 − 𝟒𝟖)(𝟕𝟐 − 𝟔𝟎) .
= √𝟕𝟐 × 𝟑𝟔 × 𝟐𝟒 × 𝟏𝟐 = 864 𝑐𝑚2
1
Now 𝐴 = × 𝑏 × ℎ,
2
1
864 = × 60 × ℎ,
2
864
ℎ = = 28.8 cm
30
5. Find the area of the shaded region :
12 52 cm
cm
D
16 cm
48 cm
B C
In  ABC
𝐴𝐵 2 = 𝐴𝐷2 + 𝐵𝐷2
𝐴𝐵 2 = 122 + 162
𝐴𝐵 2 = 144 + 256
𝐴𝐵 2 = 400
𝐴𝐵 = 20 𝑐𝑚
1
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 ∆ 𝐴𝐷𝐵 = × 16 × 12 = 96 𝑐𝑚 2
2
Here, a = 48 cm b = 52 cm and c = 20 cm
𝒂+𝒃+𝒄
here 𝒔 =
𝟐
𝟒𝟖 + 𝟓𝟐 + 𝟐𝟎 𝟏𝟐𝟎
𝒔 = = = 𝟔𝟎 𝒄𝒎
𝟐 𝟐
𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂 = √𝒔(𝒔 − 𝒂)(𝒔 − 𝒃)(𝒔 − 𝒄)
= √𝟔𝟎(𝟔𝟎 − 𝟒𝟖)(𝟔𝟎 − 𝟓𝟐)(𝟔𝟎 − 𝟐𝟎)
= √𝟔𝟎 × 𝟏𝟐 × 𝟖 × 𝟒𝟎 = 480 𝑐𝑚2
Shaded area = 480 𝑐𝑚2 − 96 𝑐𝑚2 = 384 𝑐𝑚2
Exemplar Problems -
1. An isosceles right triangle has area 8 cm2. The length of its hypotenuse is
(𝐴) √32 cm (B)√16 cm (C) √48 cm (D) √24 cm
Answer : (𝐴) √32 cm
2. The perimeter of an equilateral triangle is 60 m. The area is
(𝐴) 10 √3 𝑚2 (𝐵) 15√ 3 𝑚2 (𝐶) 20 √3 𝑚2 (𝐷) 100 √3 𝑚2
Answer : (𝐷) 100 √3 𝑚2
3. The sides of a triangle are 56 cm, 60 cm and 52 cm long. Then the area of the
triangle is
(A) 1322 cm2 (B) 1311 cm2 (C) 1344 cm2 (D) 1392 cm2
Answer : (C) 1344 cm2
4. The area of an equilateral triangle with side 2√ 3 𝑐𝑚 is

(A) 5.196 cm2 (B) 0.866 cm2 (C) 3.496 cm2 (D) 1.732 cm2
Answer : (A) 5.196 cm2
5. The length of each side of an equilateral triangle having an area of 9√ 3 𝑐𝑚2 is

(A) 8 cm (B) 36 cm (C) 4 cm (D) 6 cm
Answer : (D) 6 cm
6. If the area of an equilateral triangle is 16√ 3 𝑐𝑚2 , then the perimeter of the
triangle
is
(A) 48 cm (B) 24 cm (C) 12 cm (D) 36 cm
Answer : (B) 24 cm
7. The sides of a triangle are 35 cm, 54 cm and 61 cm, respectively. The length of its
longest altitude
(A) 16√5 𝑐𝑚 (B) 10√5 𝑐𝑚 (C) 24√5 𝑐𝑚 (D) 28 cm
Answer : 24√5 𝑐𝑚
8. The area of an isosceles triangle having base 2 cm and the length of one of the
equal sides 4 cm, is
(A) √ 15 𝑐𝑚2 (B) 2 √ 15 𝑐𝑚2 (C) 3 √ 15 𝑐𝑚2 (D) 5 √ 15 𝑐𝑚2
Answer : (A) √ 15 𝑐𝑚2
9. The edges of a triangular board are 6 cm, 8 cm and 10 cm

10 cm. The cost of painting it at the rate of 9 paise
per cm2 is
(A) Rs 2.00 (B) Rs 2.16 (C) Rs 2.48

(D) Rs 3.00
8 cm
Answer : (B) Rs 2.16
10. The base of a right triangle is 8 cm and hypotenuse is 10 cm. Its area will be
(A) 24 cm2 (B) 40 cm2
(C) 48 cm2 (D) 80 cm2
Answer (A) 24 cm2
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS –
1. Each of equal sides of isosceles right triangle is 20 cm. What is the semi perimeter of
the triangle?
(a) 20 + 10√3 cm (b) 20√2 cm (c) 20 + 10√2 cm (d) 40 + 20√2 cm
Ans : (c) 20 + 10√2 cm
2. Area of the triangle whose sides are 13 cm, 9 cm and 6 cm is
(a) 23.6 cm2 (b) 26.3 cm2 (c) 36.34 cm2 (d) 23.66 cm2
Ans : (d) 23.66 cm2
3. The value of semi-perimeter of an equilateral triangle having area 4√3 𝑐𝑚 2 is

(a) 8 cm (b) 36 cm (c) 6 cm (d) 6 cm
Ans : (c) 6 cm
4. The lengths of the three sides of a triangular field are 40 m, 24 m and 32 m

respectively. The area of the triangle is -
(a) 378 m2 (b) 384 m2 (c) 789 m2 (d) 196 m2
Ans : (b) 384 m2
5. The perimeter of a right angled triangle is 450 m. If its sides are in the ratio 5 : 12 : 13,
then area of the triangle is -
(a) 9000 m2 (b) 8765 m2 (c) 6750 m2 (d) 11750 m2
Ans : (c) 6750 m2
6. Find the area of a triangle whose sides are 9 cm, 12 cm and 15 cm.
(a) 56 cm2 (b) 50 cm2 (c) 52 cm2 (d) 54 cm2
Ans : (d) 54 cm2
7. If the area of an equilateral triangle is 9√3 𝑐𝑚 2 , then the semi-perimeter of the triangle
is –
(a) 9 cm (b) 24 cm (c) 12 cm (d) 10 cm
Ans : (a) 9 cm
8. If each side of the rhombus is 40 m and its longer diagonal is 48 m, then the area of
rhombus is -
(a) 1536 m2 (b) 1636 m2 (c) 1236 m2 (d) 1336 m2
Ans : (a) 1536 m2
9. Find the area of  ABC in which BC = 13 cm, AC = 14 cm and AB = 15 cm.

(a) 84 cm2 (b) 42 cm2 (c) 82 cm2 (d) 44 cm2
Ans : (a) 84 cm2
10. If the perimeter of an equilateral triangle is 90 m, then its area is –

(a) 15√3 𝑚 2 (b) 45√3 𝑚 2 (c) 225√3 𝑚 2 (d) 25√3 𝑚 2
Ans : (c) 225√3 𝑚 2
FILL IN THE BLANK
1. Area of a triangle with the length of sides a,b,c is given by √𝑠(𝑠 − 𝑎)(𝑠 − 𝑏)(𝑠 − 𝑐) by
............. formula.
Ans : Heron’s
2. Perimeter of an equilateral triangle is always equal to ............... times of length of sides.
Ans : three
3. If area of an equilateral triangle is 100 √3 𝑐𝑚 2 then perimeter of this triangle will be

...........
Ans : 60 cm
4. If each side of a scalene triangle is halved then its area will reduced by .............
percentage.
Ans : 75%
5. If height of a triangle is doubled and base in tripled then its area become ...........
times.
Ans : six
6. If height of a triangle is halved then its area will become ........... of original area.
Ans : half
7. Area of an equilateral triangle is always a/an .......... number [Given that length of each
side is rational]
Ans : irrational
8. If base of a triangle is doubled then its area will be ............. times of original area. Ans :
two
9. Area of a triangle with perimeter 42 cm and length of two sides 18 cm and 10 cm is
given by ..........
Ans : 21 √11 cm2
10. If length of hypotenuse of an isosceles right angled triangle is 10 √2 cm then its
perimeter will be ..........
Ans : 10 √2 ( √2 + 1 ) cm.
Self Evaluation-
1. The sides of a triangular field are 41 m, 40 m and 9 m. Find the number of rose beds that
can be prepared in the field, if each rose bed, on an average needs 900 cm2 space.
2. Find the cost of laying grass in a triangular field of sides 50 m, 65 m and 65 m at the
rate of Rs 7 per m2 .
3. From a point in the interior of an equilateral triangle, perpendiculars are drawn on
the three sides. The lengths of the perpendiculars are 14 cm, 10 cm and 6 cm. Find
the area of the triangle.
4. The perimeter of an isosceles triangle is 32 cm. The ratio of the equal side to its base is 3
: 2. Find the area of the triangle.
5. A field in the form of a parallelogram has sides 60 m and 40 m and one of its diagonals is
80 m long. Find the area of the parallelogram.
6. The perimeter of a triangular field is 420 m and its sides are in the ratio 6 : 7 : 8. Find
the area of the triangular field.
7. A rhombus shaped sheet with perimeter 40 cm and one diagonal 12 cm, is painted
on both sides at the rate of Rs 5 per m2. Find the cost of painting.
8. The perimeter of a triangle is 50 cm. One side of a triangle is 4 cm longer than the
smaller side and the third side is 6 cm less than twice the smaller side. Find the area of
the triangle.
9. Find the area of a triangle, two sides of which are 8 cm and 11 cm and the perimeter is
32 cm.
10. Find the area of a triangle two sides of which are 18cm and 10cm and the perimeter is 42cm.
11. Sides of a triangle are in the ratio of 12 : 17 : 25 and its perimeter is 540cm. Find its area.
12. An isosceles triangle has perimeter 30 cm and each of the equal sides is 12 cm. Find the area of
the triangle.
--------------------------------------
Chapter - 13 : Surface areas and Volumes
Key Concepts
1. Lateral Surface area of a Cuboid = Area of four walls = 2 h (l + b )
2. Total Surface area of a Cuboid = 2 ( lb + bh + hl )
3.Volume of a Cuboid = l x b x h
4. Lateral Surface area of a Cube = 4 a2
5. Total Surface area of a Cube = 6 a2
6. Volume of a Cube = a3
7. Curved Surface area of a Right Circular Cylinder = 2 π r h
8. Total Surface area of a Right Circular Cylinder = 2 π r ( r + h )
9. Volume of a Right Circular Cylinder = π r2 h
10. Curved Surface area of a Right Circular Cone = π r l,
Where Slant Height l = √ ( r2 + h2 )
11. Total Surface area of a Right Circular Cone = π r ( l + r )
12. Volume of a Right Circular Cone = (1/3) π r2 h
13. Surface area of a Sphere = 4 π r2
14. Volume of a Sphere = ( 4/3 ) π r3
15. Curved Surface area a Hemisphere = 2 π r2
16. Total Surface area of a Hemisphere = 3 π r2
17. Volume of a Hemisphere = ( 2/3 ) π r3
Section - A ( Multiple Choice Questions )
Q.1. If surface areas of two spheres are in the ratio of 4: 9 then the ratio of their volumes is
(a) 16 : 27
(b) 4 : 27
(c) 8 : 27
(d) 9 : 27
Q.2. The Total surface area of a cube, whose edge is 11 cm, is
(a) 725 cm2
(b) 726 cm2
(c) 727 cm2

(d) 728 cm2
Q.3. A match box measures 4 cm x 2.5 cm x 1.5 cm. What will be the volume of a packet containing 12
such boxes?
(a) 15 cm3
(b) 180 cm3
(c) 90 cm3
(d) 175 cm3
Q.4. The curved surface area of a right circular cylinder of height 14 cm is 88 cm2 . Find the diameter of
the base of the cylinder.
(a) 1 cm
(b) 2 cm
(c) 3 cm
(d) 4 cm
Q.5. The Volume of a Cube whose surface area is 96 cm2, is :
(a) 16√2 cm3
(b) 32 cm3
(c) 64 cm3
(d) 216 cm3
Q.6. The surface area of sphere of radius 10.5cm is
(a) 1386 cm2
(b) 616 cm2
(c) 1390 cm2
(d) 10 cm2
Q.7. If each edge of a cuboid of surface area S is doubled, then surface area of the new cuboid is :
(a) 2 S
(b) 4 S
(c) 6 S
(d) 8 S
Q.8. On a particular day, the rain fall recorded in a terrace 6 m long and 5 m broad is 15 cm. The quantity
of water collected in the terrace is :
(a) 300 litres
(b) 450 litres
(c) 3000 litres
(d) 4500 litres
Q.9. If the sum of all the edges of a cube is 36 cm, then the volume (in cm3) of that cube is :
(a) 9
(b) 27
(c) 219
(d) 729
Q.10. Three equal cubes are placed adjacently in a row. The ratio of the total surface area of the resulting
cuboid to that of the sum of the surface areas of three cubes, is :
(a) 7 : 9
(b) 49 : 81
(c) 9 : 7
(d) 27 : 23
Section - B ( Very Short Answer Type Questions )

Q.11. Find the volume of a sphere whose surface area is 154 cm2.
Q.12. A cuboid has total surface area of 372 cm2 and its lateral surface area is 180 cm2, find the area of
the base.
Q.13. A solid cylinder has a total surface area of 231 cm2 . Its curved surface area is 2/3 of the total
surface area. Find the volume of the cylinder.
Q.14.Three cubes of metal whose edges are in the ratio 3:4:5 are melted down into a single cube whose
diagonal is 12√3 cm. Find the edges of three cubes.
Q.15. The diameter of a garden roller is 1.4 m and it is 2 m long. How much area will it cover in 5
revolutions? ( π = 22/7 )
Q.16. The ratio between the radius of the base and height of a cylinder is 2:3. If its volume is 1617 cm 2,
find the total surface area of the cylinder.
Q.17. Three metal cubes whose edge measure 3 cm, 4 cm and 5 cm respectively are melted to form a
single cube, find its edge.
Q.18. If the radius and slant height of a cone are in the ratio 7:13 and its curved surface area is 286 cm 2,
find its radius.
Q.19. The dimensions of a cuboid are in the ratio of 1 : 2 : 3 and its total surface area is 88 m2 . Find the
dimensions.
Q.20. How many spherical bullets can be made out of a solid cube of lead whose edge measures 44 cm,
each bullet being 4 cm in diameter ?
Section - C ( Short Answer Type Questions )

Q.21. A cuboidal oil tin is 30 cm x 40 cm x 50 cm. Find the cost of the tin required for making 20 such
tins if the cost of tin sheet is Rs. 20 per m2.
Q.22. Find the lateral curved surface area of a cylindrical petrol storage tank that is 4.2 m in diameter and
4.5 m high. How much steel was actually used, if 1/12 of steel actually used was wasted in making the
closed tank.
Q.23. A cylindrical tub of radius 12 cm contains water to a depth of 20 cm. A spherical ball is dropped
into the tub and thus the level of water is raised by 6.75 cm. What is the radius of the ball ?
Q.24. The radius and height of a cone are in the ratio 4 : 3. The area of the base is 154 cm2 . Find the area
of the curved surface.
Q.25. A hemisphere of lead of radius 7 cm is cast into a right circular cone of height 49 cm. Find the
radius of the base of the cone.
Q.26. A sphere, cylinder and cone are of the same radius and same height. Find the ratio of their curved
surfaces.
Q.27. The difference between inside and outside surface areas of a cylindrical tube 14 cm long is 88 cm2.
If the volume of the tube is 176 cm3, find the inner and outer radii of the tube.
Q.28. A hemispherical bowl of internal diameter 36cm contains a liquid. This liquid is to be filled in
cylindrical bottles of radius 3 cm and height 6 cm. How many bottles are required to empty the bowl?
Q.29. A hemisphere of lead of radius 8 cm is cast into a right circular cone of base radius 6 cm. Determine
the height of the cone.
Q.30. A rectangular tank is 80 m long and 25 m broad. Water flows into it through a pipe whose cross-
section is 25 cm2, at the rate of 16 km per hour. How much the level of the water rises in the tank in 45
minutes ?
Section - D ( Long Answer Type Questions )
Q.31. A wooden toy is in the form of a cone surmounted on a hemisphere. The diameter of the base of the
cone is 6 cm and its height is 4 cm. Find the cost of painting the toy at the rate of Rs. 5 per 1000 cm2.
Q.32. A solid cube of side 12 cm is cut into 8 cubes of equal volume. What will be the side of the new
cube ? Also, find the ratio between their surface areas.
Q.33. Find the volume of the largest right circular cone that can be fitted in a cube whose edge is 14cm.
Q.34. A cone of height 24 cm and slant height 25 cm has a curved surface area 550 cm2 . Find its volume.
( π = 22/7 )
Q.35. The radius and height of a cone are 6 cm and 8 cm respectively. Find the curved surface area of the
cone.
Q.36. A well with 10 m inside diameter is dug 14 m deep. Earth taken out of it is spread all around to a
width of 5 m to form an embankment. Find the height of embankment.
Q.37. A cylindrical vessel, without lid, has to be tin-coated on its both sides. If the radius of the base is 70
cm and its height is 1.4 m, calculate the cost of tin-coating at the rate of Rs. 3.50 per 1000 cm2.
Q.38. A metallic sheet is of the rectangular shape with dimensions 48 cm x 36 cm. From each one of its
corners, a square of 8 cm is cutoff. An open box is made of the remaining sheet. Find the volume of the
box.
Q.39. Find the length of 13.2 kg of copper wire of diameter 4 mm, when 1 cm3 of copper weighs 8.4 cm.
Q.40. The circumference of the base of a 10 m height conical tent is 44 metres. Find the length of the
canvas used in making the tent if width of canvas is 2 m.( π = 22/7 )
Answer :
Q.1. (c) Q.2. (b) Q.3. (b) Q.4. (b) Q.5. (c)
Q.6. (a) Q.7. (b) Q.8. (d) Q.9. (b) Q.10. (a)
Q.11. 179.66 cm2 Q.12. 96 cm2 Q.13. 269.5 cm2 Q.14. 6 cm, 8 cm,10 cm
Q.15. 44 m2 Q.16. 770 cm2 Q.17. 6 cm Q.18. 7 cm
Q.19. 2 cm, 4 cm, 6 cm Q.20. 2541 bullets Q.21. Rs. 376 Q.22. 59.4 m2 , 95.04 m2 Q.23. 9 cm
Q.24. 192.5 cm2 Q.25. 3.74 cm Q.26. 4 : 4 : √5 Q.27. 1.5 cm, 2.5 cm Q.28. 72
Q.29. 28.44 Q.30. 1.5 cm Q.31. Rs. 0.51 Q.32. 6 cm, 1 : 2 Q.33. 718.66 cm3
Q.34. 1232 cm 3
Q.35. 60 π cm2 Q.36. 4.66 m Q.37. Rs. 539
Q.38. 5120 cm3 Q.39. 125 metres Q.40. 134.2 m

CLASS- IX CHAPTER 14 TOPIC- STATISTICS

KEY POINTS
 Statistics- Statistics deals with the collection, organisation, analysis and interpretation of data.
 Data- Facts or figures collected with a definite purpose are called data. Data are of two types, primary data
and secondary data.
 Primary Data- When the information is collected by investigator itself with a definite objective then the
data obtained is called Primary Data.
Example, number is students in our class, electricity bills of our house of last ten years.
 Secondary Data- When the information is gathered from a source which already had the information
stored, the data obtained is called Secondary data.
Example, election results obtained from television or newspapers, literacy rate figures obtained from
educational surveys.
 Data collected is in raw form. To present data in the form which is meaningful, easily understood and gives
main features at a glance the raw data is converted into grouped data by forming groups. These groups are
called classes or class intervals. The arrangement of such data into tabular form is called frequency
distribution tables.
 Let us take class interval 25-40. In this class least number is called lower limit and greatest number is called
upper limit.
25 is the lower limit and 40 is the upper limit.
 Class Width / Class Size = Upper class limit- Lower Class limit
= 40 – 25
= 15
 Class Mark = (Upper Class Limit + Lower Class Limit) / 2
= (40 + 25) / 2
= 65/ 2
= 32.5
 Range- The difference between the highest and the lowest value in the data is called the range.
 Data can be presented graphically in the form of bar graphs, histograms and frequency polygons.
 There are three central tendencies: Mean, Median, Mode
 Mean: it is found by adding all the values of the observations and dividing it by the total number of
observations. It is denoted by
For ungrouped frequency distribution, it is
 Median: It is the value of the middle- most observation.

 Mode: The mode is the most frequently occurring observation.
1. Out of the sixteen arranged in ascending order, the 8th and 9th observation are 25 and 27. Then, find the
median
a) 26
b) 27
c) 25
d) 26.5
2. For what set of data does the median equal the mode
a) 3,4,5,6,6
b) 3,3,4
c) 3,3,4,5
d) 3,3,4,5,6
3. Find the median for the digits 1,2,3,…..,9.
a) 4.5
b) 5
c) 5.5
d) 4
4. The ratio of the sum of observations and the total number of observations is called
a) Mean
b) Median
c) Mode
d) Central Tendency
5. The mean of x+2, x+3, x+4 and x-2 is
a) (x+7)/4
b) (2x+7)/4
c) (3x+4)/4
d) (4x+7)/4
6. The value which appears very frequently in a data is called
a) Mean
b) Median
c) Mode
d) Central Tendency
7. The collection of information, collected for a purpose is called
a) Mean
b) Median
c) Mode
d) Data
8. If x be the midpoint and 1 be the upper limit of a class in a continuous frequency distribution. What is the
lower limit of the class?
a) x-1
b) 3x+8
c) 2x+2
d) 2x-1
9. In the class interval 10-20, 20-30, the number 20 is included in which of the following
a) 10-20
b) 20-30
c) Both the intervals
d) None of these intervals
10. In a histogram, each class rectangle is constructed with base as
a) Frequency
b) Class Interval
c) Range
d) Size of the class
11. What is the upper limit of the interval 20-23
a) 20
b) 23
c) 22
d) None of these
12. Find class mark of the interval 15.7-25.7
a) 15.3
b) 16.3
c) 17.3
d) 20.7
13. Tally marks are used to find
a) Class intervals
b) Range
c) Frequency
d) Upper limits
14. The number of times a particular item occurs in a given data is called its
a) Variation
b) Frequency
c) Class Size
d) Range
15. Tallys are usually marked in a bunch of
a) 3
b) 4
c) 5
d) 6
SHORT ANSWERS TYPE QUESTIONS
1. What is the mean of first ten natural numbers?

2. The mean of 10, 15, x, 5,15 is 15. What is the value of x?
3. The width of each of the five continuous classes in a frequency distribution is 5 and the lower class limit of
the lowest class interval is 10. What is the upper limit of the highest class?
4. Find the class mark of the class 100-120.
5. In a frequency distribution, the mid value of a class is 10 and the width of the class is 6. Find the lower
limit of the class.
6. The frequency distribution table is given
Marks 0-20 20-40 40-60 60-100
Number of students 10 15 20 25
Do you think this table is correct? Why?
7. Write the class mark of 90-110 group.
8. Tally marks are used to find…….
9. The following marks are obtained by the students in a test.
81,72,90,90,86,85,92,70,71,83,89,95,85,79,62
What is the range?
10. Find the mean of first ten even natural numbers.
11. What is the class mark of the interval 15-20?
12. What is the class size if the interval 15-25?
13. What is the upper limit of the class 37-43?
14. Give an example of primary data.
15. Give an example of secondary data.
1. For a particular year, following is the distribution of ages (in years) of primary school teachers in a
district:
Age (in 15-20 20-25 25-30 30-35 35-40 40-45 45-50

years)
No. of 10 30 50 50 30 6 4
teachers
a. Draw the histogram of the above data.

b. Maximum teachers are in which age group?
c. How many teachers are in age group 45-50?
2. Find the mean of the following distribution:
F 5 10 15 20 25
X 4 12 20 28 36
3. The following frequency table depicts daily wages of workers in a factory.
Wages (in Rs) Number of workers

150-200 50
200-250 30
250-300 35
300-350 20
350-400 10
a. Prepare a histogram of the above data.

b. What is the daily wage the maximum workers are getting?
c. Find the class mark of third class interval.
4. Thirty children were asked about the number of hours they watched TV programmes in the previous week.
The results were found as follows:
1 6 2 3 5 12 5 8 4 8 10 3 4 12 2
8 15 1 16 7 6 3 2 5 9 6 8 7 14 12
a. Make a frequency distribution table for this data, taking class width 5 and one of the class as 5-10.
b. How many children watched television for 15 or more than 15 hours a week?
5. The following data given the weight (in grams) of 30 oranges picked from a basket:
106 107 76 109 187 95 125 92 70
139 128 100 88 84 99 113 204 141
136 123 90 115 110 97 90 107 75
80 118 82
Construct a grouped frequency distribution table taking class width equal to 20 in such a way that the mid-
value of first class is 70.
From the frequency table, find the number of oranges
a. Weighing more than 180 g.
b. less than 100 g.
6. The population of Delhi State in different census years is as given below:
Census year 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001
Population in lakhs 30 55 70 110 150

Represent the above information with the help of a bar graph.
a. What was the population of Delhi state in 1991?
7. Read the bar graph shown below and answer the following questions:
a. What is the information given by the bar graph?
b. How many tickets of Assam State Lottery were sold by the agent?
c. Of which state, were the maximum number of tickets sold?
d. State whether true or false.
The maximum number of tickets sold is three times the minimum number of tickets sold.
d. Of which state were the minimum numbers of tickets sold?
ANSWER KEY
Question Number Answer
MCQ
1 A
2 B
3 B
4 A
5 D
6 C
7 D
8 D
9 B
10 B
11 B
12 D
13 C
14 B
15 C
SHORT ANSWER TYPE
1 5.5
2 30
3 35
4 110
5 7
6 No, class intervals are not of uniform width
7 100
8 Frequency
9 33
10 11
11 17.5
12 10
13 43
LONG ANSWER TYPE
1b 20-30, 30-35
1c 4
2 19
3b 150-200
3c 275
4b 2
5a 2
5b 13
6 110 lakhs
7a Bar graph represents the number of tickets of different state
lotteries sold by an agent on a day
7b 40
7c Haryana
7d False
7e Rajasthan
CHAPTER - 15 (PROBABILITY)
Chapter link: http://ncertbooks.prashanthellina.com/class_9.Mathematics.Mathematics/chap-15%20(02-12-
2005).pdf
Quiz link:
https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1Rxo7aaBnTCjrrFZtimXLPDItWtO_KVWliKvWu3vnR9Y/edit?usp=drivesdk
Probability is a quantitative measure of likelihood of occurrence of an event.
Probability of an event E = (Number of outcomes favourable to E )/(Total number of outcomes)

0≤P(E)≤1
If P(E) = 0 then it is an impossible event.
If P(E) = 1 then it is sure event.
If E is an event than not E is called complementary event.
P(E)' = 1 – P(E) ⇒P(E) + P(E)'= 1
Probability of an event is never negative.
Sample space:The collection of al lpossible outcomes o fan event.

Examples of Sample space
When one coin is tossed then S=H,T
When two coins are tossed then S=HH,TT,HT,TH
When three coins are tossed than S=HHH,TTT,HTT,THT,TTH,THH,HTH, HHT
When four coins are tossed then S=HHHH,TTTT,HTTT,THTT,TTHT,TTTH,
HHHT,HHTH,HTHH,THHH,HTHT,THTH,TTHH,HHTT,THHT,HTTH.
1coin 2coins 3coins 4coins
2outcomes 2×2outcomes 2×2×2=8 2×2×2×2=16
outcomes outcomes
When a die is thrown once then S=1,2,3,4,5,6, n(S)=6
When two dice are thrown together or A die is thrown twice then S=
(1,1),(1,2),(1,3),(1,4),(1,5),(1,6)
(2,1),(2,2),(2,3),(2,4),(2,5),(2,6)
(3,1),(3,2),(3,3),(3,4),(3,5),(3,6)
(4,1),(4,2),(4,3),(4,4),(4,5),(4,6)
(5,1),(5,2),(5,3),(5,4),(5,5),(5,6)
(6,1),(6,2),(6,3),(6,4),(6,5),(6,6)
n(S)=6×6=36
When 3 dice are thrown or a die is thrown thrice then
n(S)= 6×6×6=216,
n(S) = no.of outcomes in sample space
Multiple Choice Questions:

1. When a die is thrown, the probability of getting an odd number less than 4 is
(a) 1/6 (b) 1/3 (c) 1/2 (d) 0
2. A bag contains 16 cards bearing number 1,2,3,...16 respectively. One card drawn at random what is the
probability that a number is divisible by 3?
(a) 3/16 (b) 5/16 (c)11/16 (d) 13/16
3. In a cricket match a batsman hits a boundary 4 times out of the 32 ball he plays. In a given ball, what is the
probability that he will not hit the ball to the boundary?
(a) 7/8 (b) 1/8 (c)1/7 (d) 6/7
4. The sum of the probabilities of all events of a trial is
(a)1 (b) greater than 1 (c) less than 1 (d) between 0 and 1
5. In a survey of 364 children aged 19-36 months it was found that 91 liked to eat patato chips. If a child is selected
at random, the probability that he/she does not like to eat potato chips is
(a) 0.25 (b) 0.50 (c) 0.75 (d) 0.80
6. The probability that a number selected at random from the numbers 1,2,3,...15 is a multiple of 4 is
(a) 4/15 (b) 2/15 (c)1/5 (d) 1/3
7. A die is thrown 300 times and odd numbers are obtained 153 times. Then the probability of getting an even
number is
(a)153/300 (b)147/300 (c)174/300 (d) 147/153
8. Two coins are tossed 1000 times and the outcomes are recorded as below
No. Of heads 2 1 0
Frequency 200 550 250
The probability of getting at the most one head is
(a)1/5 (b)1/4 (c) 4/5 (d) 3/4
9. The probability of each event, when a coin is tossed for 1000 times with frequencies:
Head: 455 and Tail: 545 is
(a) 0.455 and 0.545 (b) 0.5 and 0.5 (c) 0.45 and 0.55 (d) 455 and 545
10. The probability of drawing an ace card from a deck of cards is:
(a)1/52 (b)1/26 (c) 4/13 (d) 1/13
Short Questions:
1. To know the opinion of the students about mathematics, a survey of 200 students was conducted. The data is
recorded: Like- 135 and Dislike - 65.
Find the probability that a student chosen at random (i) likes mathematics (ii) doesn't like it.
2. Eleven bags of wheat flour, each marked 5 kg, actually contained the following weights of flour (in kg):
4.97, 5.05, 5.08, 5.03, 5.00, 5.06, 5.08, 4.98, 5.04, 5.07, 5.00
Find the probability that any of these bags chosen at random contains more than 5 kg of flour.
3. Following table shows the birth month of 40 students of class IX.
Jan Feb March April May June July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
3 4 2 2 5 1 2 5 3 4 4 4
Find the probability that a student was born in August.
4. Given below is the frequency distribution table regarding the concentration of sulphur dioxide in the air in parts
per million of certain city for 30 days.
Conc. of 0.00-0.04 0.04-0.08 0.08-0.12 0.12-0.16 0.16-0.20 0.20-0.24

sulphur
dioxide
No of days 4 8 9 2 4 3
Find the probability of concentration of sulphur dioxide in the interval 0.12-0.16 on any of these days.
5. Following table shows the marks scored by a group of students in a mathematics test of 100 marks.
Marks 0-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70 70-100

Number of 7 10 10 20 20 15 8
students
Find the probability that a student obtained:
(i) less than 20% marks (ii) 60 or more marks
6. A coin is tossed 500 times with the following frequencies of two outcomes:
Head: 240 times, tail: 260 times
Find the probability of occurrence of each of these events.
7. In a cricket match, a batsman hits a boundary 8 times out of 40 balls he plays. Find the probability that he didn't
hit a boundary.
8. A die is thrown 1000 times with the following frequencies for the outcomes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 as given below:
Outcome 1 2 3 4 5 6
Frequency 179 150 157 149 175 190
Find the probability of getting even number.
9. The record of weather station shows that out of the past 250 consecutive days, its weather forecast were
correct 175 times. What is the probability on a given day (i) it was correct? (ii) it was not correct?
10. In one page of a telephone directory, there were 200 telephone numbers. The frequency distribution of their
unit place digit(for example, in the number 25828573, the unit place digit is 3) is given in the table below:
Digit 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Frequency 22 26 22 22 20 10 14 28 16 20
A number is chosen at random, find the probability that the digit at its unit place is:
(i) 6 (ii) an odd number
Long Questions:
1. The following table shows the life time of 400 neon lamps:
Life time 300-400 400-500 500-600 600-700 700-800 800-900 900-1000

(in hours)
No. Of 14 56 60 86 74 62 48
lamps
A bulb is selected at random. Find the probability that the life of the selected bulb is:
(i) less than 400
(ii) between 300 to 400

(ii) at least 700
2. Given below is the frequency distribution of wages (in rupees) of 30 workers in a certain factory:
Wages 110-130 130-150 150-170 170-190 190-210 210-230 230-250

No of 3 4 5 6 5 4 3
workers
A worker is selected at random. Find the probability that his wages are:
(i) less than 150 (ii) at least 210 (iii) more than or equal to 150 but less than 210.
3. 1500 families with 2 children were selected at randomly and the following data were recorded:
Number of girls 0 1 2
Number of families 211 814 475
If a family chosen at random, compute the probability that it has:
(i) No girl (ii) 1 girl (iii) 2 girls (iv) at most one girl
4. The percentage of marks obtained by a student in monthly unit tests are given below:
Unit test I II III IV V

Percentage 69 71 73 68 76
Find the probability that the student gets:
(i) more than 70% marks (ii) less than 70% marks (iii) a distinction.
5. A tyre manufacturing company kept a record of the distance covered before a tyre to be replaced. Following
table shows the results of 1000 cases.
Distance in km Less than 400 400-900 900-1400 More than 1400

Number of tyres 210 325 385 80
If you buy a tyre of this company, what is the probability that:
(i) it will need to be replaced before it has covered 400 km?
(ii) it will last more than 900 km?
(iii) it will need to be replaced after it has covered somewhere between 400 km and 1400 km?
6. 1000 families with 2 children were selected at randomly, and the following data were recorded:
Number of boys 0 1 2
Number of families 140 560 300
If a family is chosen at random, find the probability that it has (i) No boy (ii) one boy (iii) 2 boys (iv) at least one
boy (v) at most one boy
7. Fifty seeds were selected at random from each of 5 bags of seeds, and were kept under standardised conditions
favourable to germination. After 20 days the number of seeds which had germinated in each collection were
counted and recorded as follows:
Bag 1 2 3 4 5
Number of 40 48 42 39 41
seeds
germinated
What is the probability of germination of:
(i) more than 40 seeds in a bag?
(ii) 49 seeds in a bag?
(iii) more than 35 seeds in a bag?
(iv) at least 40 seeds in a bag?
(v) at most 40 seeds in a bag?
8. The distances (in km) of 40 female engineers from their residence to their place of work found as follows:
5 3 10 20 11 13 7 12 31 25
19 10 12 17 18 11 32 17 16 2
7 9 7 8 3 5 12 15 18 3
12 14 2 9 6 15 15 7 6 2
Find the probability that an engineer lives:
(i) less than 7 km her place of work?
(ii) at least 7 km from her place of work?
(iii) within 1/2 km from her place of work?
(iv) at most 15 km from her place of work?
9. Following frequency distribution gives the weight of 38 students of a class:
Weight 31-35 36-40 41-45 46-50 51-55 56-60 61-65 66-70 71-75
in kg
Number 9 5 14 3 1 2 2 1 1
of
students
Find the probability that weight of student in the class is:

(i) at most 60 kg (ii) at least 36 kg (iii) not more than 50 kg.
10. An insurance company selected 2000 drivers at random in a particular city to find a relationship between age
and accidents. The data obtained are given in the following table:
Age of drivers
(in years) 0 1 2 3 Over 3
18-29 440 160 110 61 35
30-50 505 125 60 22 18
Above 50 360 45 35 15 9
Find the probability of the following events for a driver chosen at random from the life city:
(i) being 18-29 years of age and having exactly 3 accident in one year.
(ii) being 30-50 years of age and having one or more accident in one year.
(iii) having no accidents in one year.
Answers:
MCQ
1. (b) 1/3 2. (b) 5/16 3. (a) 7/8 4. (a) 1 5. (c) 0.75 6. (c) 1/5
7. (b) 147/300 8. (c) 4/5 9. (a) 0.455 & 0.545 10. (d) 1/13
Answers
Short Questions:
1. (i) 0.675 (ii) 0.325 2. 7/11 3. 3/20 (1/8) 4. 0.05 (1/15)
5. (i) 7/90 (ii) 23/90 6. (i) 0.48 (ii) 0.52 7. 0.8 8. 489/1000
9. (i) 0.7 (ii) 0.3 10. (i) 7/100 (ii) 53/100
Answers
Long Questions:
1. (i)7/200 (ii) 29/40 (iii) 23/50
2. (i)7/30 (ii) 7/30 (iii) 8/15
3. (i) 0.1406 (ii) 0.5426 (iii) 0.3166 (iv) 0.6833
4. (i) 0.6 (ii) 0.4 (iii) 0.2
5. (i) 0.21 (ii) 0.465 (iii) 0.71
6. (i) 0.14 (ii) 0.56 (iii) 0.3 (iv) 0.86 (v) 0.7
7. (i) 3/5 (ii) 0 (iii) 1 (iv) 4/5 (v) 2/5
8. (i) 1/4 (ii) 3/4 (iii) 0 (iv) 3/4
9. (i) 17/19 (ii) 29/38 (iii) 31/38
10. (i)0.0305 (ii)0.1125 (iii)0.653
MODEL QUESTION PAPER-1
MATHEMATICS
CLASS-IX
Time-3hrs M.M:80
General instructions-
The question paper comprises 40 questions divided into four sections, A, B, C and D.
(i) All questions are compulsory
(ii) Question number 1 to 20 in Section A are of one mark each.
(iii) Question number 21 to 26 in Section B are very short answer type questions and carry 2 marks each.
(iv) Question number 27 to 34 in Section C are short answer type questions and carry 3 marks each.
(v) Question number 35 to 40 in Section D are long answer type questions and carry 4
SECTION(A)
Question 1 to10 are MCQ of one mark each.
1 .In between two rational number there is/are:
(a) Exactly one rational number
(b) Infinitely many rational numbers
(c) Many irrational numbers
(d) Only irrational number
2.The reason that a degree one polynomial equation ax+by+c=0 is called a linear
equation is that
(a) It has infinitely many solutions.
(b) The geometrical representation is a straight line.
(c) It has two variables.
(d) Both (a) and (b)
3. The angle subtended by the diameter of a semicircle is:

(a) 450
(b) 180°
(c) 90°
(d) 60°
4. Which of the following angle can be constructed with the help of a ruler and a pair
of compasses?
(a) 350
(b) 40°
(c) 37.5°
(d) 47.5°
5. Which point lies on x-axis?
(a) (3, 2)
(b) (-3, 2)
(c) (2, 0)
(d) (-1,-2)
6. The area of a triangle is 150 cm2 and its sides are in the ratio 3 : 4 : 5. What is its
perimeter?
a. 10 cm
b. 30 cm
c. 45 cm
d. 60 cm
7, Find the angle which is 30° less than twice its complement.
a. 50°
b. 40°
c. 25°
d. 50
8, If the radius of cylinder is halved and height is doubled, then what will be the
curved surface area?
(a) increase by 1
(b) the same
(c) double
(d) triple
9. If the probability of winning a game is 0.3, then probability of losing it is
(a) 0.6 (b) 0.7
(c) 0.5 (d) None of these
10. In two triangles, ABC and PQR, ∠A = 30°, ∠B = 70°, ∠P = 70°, ∠Q = 80° and AB
= RP, then
(a) ΔABC ≌ ΔPQR (b) ΔABC ≌ ΔQRP
(c) ΔABC ≌ ΔRPQ (d) ΔABC ≌ ΔRQP
Q(11 to 15) Fill in blanks one mark each.
11. The simple form of 1.666….. is ………………………………
12.The point (-4,-6) lies in………….quadrant.
13.The angle which is 240 than its supplement is……………
OR
If two lines intersects than each pair of vertically opposite angles are …………….
14.Digonals of rhombus bisects each other at………….angles.
15. P(E)+P(not E)=……………..
Q (16 to 20 ) VASQ of one mark each.
16. Find two rational numbers between 0.1 and 0.3.
17. The angles of a triangle are in the ratio 2:3:4. Find the measure of the angles.
18. If x=0 and y=k is the solution of the equation 5x-3y=0, Find the value of k.
OR
If πx+3y=25 and y=1, then find x.
19. In the figure, if ∠ACB = 35°, then find the measure of ∠OAB.
20. The points scored by the team of kabaddi in a series of matches are as
follows:
17, 2, 7, 27, 15, 5, 14, 8, 10, 24, 48, 10,
8, 7, 18, 28.
Find the median of the points scored by the team.
SECTION-B
4+√3
21. Simplify: 4−√3
22. If x + y = 12 and xy = 32, Find the value of x2 + y2.
23. Five people were asked about the time in a week they spend in doing social work
in their community. They said 10, 7, 13, 20, and 15 hours, respectively. Find the
mean (or average) time in a week devoted by then for social work.
OR
In a small unit of a factory 5 employees (a supervisor and four labourers) are
working. The laboures draw a salary of Rs. 5000 per month each while the
supervisor gets Rs. 15,000 per month. Calculate the mean of the salaries of the
unit of the factory.
24. Write the following equations in the form ax + by + c = 0 and
indicate the values of a, b and c .
2x + 3y = 4.37.
OR
Find two solutions of the following equation
4x + 3y = 12
25. A chord AB of a circle with centre O is 10 cm. If the chord is 12 cm away from the
centre, then what is the radius of the circle?
26. In a cricket match, a batswoman hits a boundary 6 times out of 30 balls she
plays. Find the probability that she did not hit a boundary
SECTION-C
27. Locate √3 on the number line.
OR
Show that 1.272727..... can be expressed in the form p/q, where p and q are
integers and q ≠ 0.
28. Divide p(x) by g(x), where p(x) = x + 3x2 – 1 and g(x) = 1 + x.
29. The cost of a notebook is twice the cost of a pen. Write a linear equation in
two variables to represent this statement .
30. In Fig. lines PQ and RS intersect each other at point O. If∠ POR : ∠ ROQ = 5 :
7, find all the angles.
OR
Show that the The sum of the angles of a triangle is 180º.
31. Find the area of a triangle, two sides of which are 8 cm and 11 cm and
the perimeter is 32 cm
32. In an isosceles triangle ABC, with AB = AC, the bisectors of ∠ B and ∠ C
intersect each other at O. Show that:
(i) OB=OC (ii) AO bisects ∠ A
OR
ABC is an isosceles triangle in which altitudes BE and CF are drawn to equal
sides AC and AB respectively. Show that these altitudes are equal.
33. The sides of a right triangle are 7 cm, 24 cm and 25 cm. If it is revolved about
side 7 cm to form a solid cone find the volume of the solid so formed.
34. Locate the points (5, 0), (0, 5), (2, 5), (5, 2), (–3, 5) and (–3, –5) in the Cartesian
plane.
SECTION – D
35. Factorise x3 – 23x2 + 142x – 120.
36. The angle subtended by an arc at the centre is double the angle
subtended by it at any point on the remaining part of the circle.
OR
ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral whose diagonals intersect at a point E. If ∠DBC =70°
, ∠ BAC is 30°, find ∠ BCD. Further, if AB = BC, find ∠ ECD.
37. The students of a Vidyalaya were asked to participate in a competition for
making and decorating penholders in the shape of a cylinder with a base, using
cardboard. Each penholder was to be of radius 3 cm and height 10.5 cm. The
Vidyalaya was to supply the competitors with cardboard. If there were 35
competitors, how much cardboard was required to be bought for the competition?
38. ABCD is a parallelogram and AP and CQ are perpendiculars from vertices A and
C on diagonal BD . Show that
(i) Δ APB ≅ Δ CQD
(ii) AP = CQ
OR
Show that if the diagonals of a quadrilateral bisect each other at right angles, then it
is a rhombus.
39. Construct a ΔPQR in which PQ = 5.4 cm, ∠Q = 60° and PR – PQ = 2.3 cm.
40. Thirty children were asked about the number of hours they watched TV
programmes in the previous week. The results were found as follows:
1 6 2 3 5 12 5 8 4 8
10 3 4 12 2 8 15 1 17 6
3 2 8 5 9 6 8 7 14 12
(i) Make a grouped frequency distribution table for this data, taking class width 5
and one of the class intervals as 5 - 10.
(ii) How many children watched television for 15 or more hours a week?
MARKING SCHEME MODEL QUESTION PAPER-1
Sec-A
One for each correct answer
1. b ,2. b ,3.c ,4. c, 5.c ,6.d , 7.a ,8.b ,9.b ,10.c 11. 5/3 12. III 13. 156 OR equal 14.Right
15.1 17. 400, 600, 800 18. K=0 or x=7 when π=22/7
19. 550 ,20. 14.5
Sec-B
Q 21. For correct rationalising factor 4+√3 1
Correct ans (19+8√3)/13 1
22. X2 + y2 =(x+y)2 – 2xy 1
To put correct value ½
correct Ans = 80 ½
10+7+13+20+15
23. 1
5
=65/5=13 1
Or
(15000+4x5000) //5 1
= 35000/5=7000 1
24 2x+3y-4.37=0 1/2
a=2 ,b =3 and c =4.37 3x 1/2
25. radius = √122 +52 1
=13 1
26. did not hit boundary =30-6=24 times 1
P(E) = 2/3 1
27. correct construction 3
OR
100 X=127.2727……………… 1
X=1.2727……………
99x = 126 1
X=126/99 = 14/11 1
28. Ans 3x-2 3/2+3/2 for each step
29. x=2y 3
30. 5a+7a=1800 1
A=150 1
750 , 1050 , 750 , 1050 ,
31. S=16CM 1
Formula 1/2
Put values in formula 1/2
A=8√30 cm2 1
32. correct figure 1
Proof 1+1
33. r=24 cm , h=7cm 1
Formula 1/2
Put values in formula 1/2
V= 4224 cm3 1
34 for each point ½
35. (x-1) (x2 -22x +120) 3/2
( x2 -22x +120) =(x-12)(x-10) 3/2
(x-1)(x-10)(x-12) 1
36. correct fig 1
Given, To prove, Construction 1
Proof 2
OR
LBCD=800 , LECD=500 2 + 2
37. formula T.S.A of one penholder=πr(2h+r) 1
To put correct value 1
T.S.A of one penholder = 1584/7 1
T.S.A of 35 penholder = 7920 cm2 1
38. For each part 2
39. for correct construction 3
Neatness of construction 1
40.
CI f
0-5 10
5-10 13
10-15 5
15-20 2
for frequency table 3
No of children=2 1
KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN, AGRA REGION
SESSION ENDING EXAMINATION– (2020-21) (MODEL QUESTION PAPER-2)
MATHEMATICS
TIME: 3 Hours CLASS: IX Maximum Marks: 80
General Instructions:
1. All questions are compulsory.

2. The Question Paper consists of 40 questions divided into four sections A, B C and D.
3. Section A contains 20 questions of 1 mark each, Section B contains 6 questions of 2 marks each, Section
C contains 8 questions of 3 marks each and Section D contains 6 questions of 4 marks each.
4. There is no overall choice in the paper. However internal choice is provided in two question of 1 mark,
two questions in 2 marks, three questions in 3 marks and three questions of 4 marks.
5. Use of calculators is not permitted.
Section-A
Q 1- Q 10 are multiple choice questions. Select the most appropriate answer from the given
options.
1 How many rational numbers are there beween two successive integers ? 1
(a) 1
(b) 2
(c) 0
(d) many
2 What is the degree of zero polynomial? 1
(a) Infinite
(b) 1
(c) not defined

(d) 0
3 What is the distance between the graphs of two equations y = 1 and y = - 4 1
(a) – 4 units
(b) 1 unit
(c) – 5 units
(d) 5 units
4 An exterior angle of a triangle is 108 degree and its two interior opposite angles are equal. 1
Measure of these equal angles is:
(a) 52.5 degree
(b) 36 degree
(c) 54 degree
(d) None of these
5 If the altitudes from two vertices of a triangle are equal then what type of triangle will be formed? 1
(a) Scalene triangle
(b) Isosceles triangle
(c) Equilateral triangle
(d) None of these
6 In quadrilateral ABCD angle A + angle D is equal to 180⁰ . What special name can be given to 1
the quadrilateral?
(a) Kite
(b) Trapezium
(c) Square
(d) None of these

7 In a triangle PQR angle R is greater than > angle Q , then 1
(a) PQ > PR
(b) PR > PQ
(c) PR = PQ
(d) None of these
8 The value of x in given figure 1
(a) 400
(b) 800
(c) 1400
(d) 900
9 The cost of painting the given sign board at the rate of 9 paise per cm2 is 1
(a) Rs. 2.00
(b) Rs. 2.16
(c) Rs 2.48
(d) Rs. 3.00

10 1
Base of a right triangle is 8 cm and hypotenuse 10 cm. Its area will be?
(a) 112 cm2
(b) 96 cm2
(c) 24 cm2
(d) None of these
(Q 11- Q 15) Fill in the blanks
11 Value of (64)1/3 is _______________. 1
12 The perpendicular distance of point P ( 4, 6 ) from X-axis is _______________. 1
OR
A point whose ordinate is -3 and abscissa is 2 lies in ____________quadrant. 1
13 If in a triangle ABC angle A + angle B is = 105⁰ and angle B + angle C is = 120⁰ then angle 1
B = ________________?
14 Three angles of a quadrilateral are in the ratio 3 : 3 : 1 and fourth angle is 80⁰ . Then the 1
measure of the smallest angle of the quadrtilateral is_____________.
15 The measuer of ∠BCD in given figure is...................... 1
(Q 16- Q 20) Answer the following
16 If a = 2 and b = 3 then find the value of ( a3 + b3 ) -1 1

17 Find the radius of a circle whose area and circumference are same. 1
OR
In the given figure O is the center of a circle and ∠BAC=400 , then find ∠OBC?
18 1
Find the area of right triangle whose sides are ( 3, 4, 5 ) cm.
19 Area of base of a cylinder is 154 cm2 and its height is 15 cm. Find its volume. 1
20 A die is tossed once, what is the probability of getting an even number? 1
Section-B
21 Express 0.2353535......... in the form p/q, where p and q are integers and q ≠0. 2
22 Find the value of polynomial 5 x3 + 4 x2 + 3 at x = 0 2
23 The parking charges of a car in private parking is ₹ 20 for the first hour and ₹ 10 for subsequent 2
hours. Taking total parking charges to be y and total parking time as x hours,Form a linear
equation.
OR
2
If point ( 3, 4 ) lies on graph of equation 3y = ax + 7, find the value of a.
24 Prove that a cyclic parallogram is a rectangle. 2
25 A right circular cylinder just encloses a sphere ofradius r. Find 1+1

(i) surface area of the sphere,
(ii) curved surface area of the cylinder,
26 The record of a weather station shows that out of the past 250 consecutive days, its weather 1+1
forecasts were correct 175 times.
(i) What is the probability that on a given day it was correct?
(ii) What is the probability that it was not correct on a given day?
OR
In a school there are 682 students. The mode of transport uesd by them is as follows:
1+1
Mode of Car with Bicycle Pedestrain DTC Bike With Van Auto
Transport parents Bus Parents rickshaw
No of 64 52 128 100 86 172 80

students
A student is chosen at random. What is the probability that he comes by :
(a) Four wheelers

(b) Two wheelers
Section-C
27 Prove that: 3
( 2a / 2b )a+b X ( 2b / 2c )b+c X ( 2c / 2a ) c+a = 1
OR
If ( 3/4 )6 X (16/9 )5 = (4/3) x+2 then find x.
28 If P (x) = x3 - x2 + x +1 then find the value of [P (-1 ) + P ( 1) ] ÷ 2 . 3
29 Write coordinates of a point whose 3
a) ordinate is -5 and lies on Y-axis

b) lies on both X and Y-axes
c) whose abscissa is -3 and lies on X-axis.
30 In Fig., if QT is perpendicular to PR, ∠ TQR = 40°and ∠ SPR = 30°, find x and y. 3
31 ABCD is a parallelogram and AP and CQ are perpendiculars from vertices A and C on diagonal 3
BD. Show that

(i) Δ APB ≅Δ CQD
(ii) AP = CQ
OR
Show that the diagonals of a parallelogram divides it into two congruent triangles.
32 Construct a triangle ABC in which BC = 7cm, ∠B = 75° and AB + AC = 13 cm and justify your 3
answer.
33 Students of a school staged a rally for cleanliness campaign. Theywalked through the lanes in two 3
groups. One group walked through the lanes AB, BCand CA; while the other through AC, CD
and DA . Then they cleanedthe area enclosed within their lanes. If AB = 9 m, BC = 40 m, CD =
15 m, DA = 28 mand ∠ B = 90º, Find the total areacleaned by the students (neglecting the width
of the lanes).
34 The points scored by a Kabaddi team in a series of matches are as follows: 3
15, 2, 7, 27, 15, 5, 15, 15, 10, 24, 35, 10, 8, 9, 18, 28
Find the mean, median and mode of the points scored by the team.
OR
In 1998 the average height of both young males and young females in the Netherlands is
represented in this graph.
1+1
(i) Since 1980 the average height of 20-year-old females has increased by 2.3 cm, to 170.6 cm.
+1
What was the average height of a 20-year-old female in 1980?
(ii) Explain how the graph shows that on average the growth rate for girls slows down after 12
years of age.
(iii) According to this graph, on average, during which period in their life are females taller than
males ofthe same age?
Section-D
35 Factorise completely x8 - y8 . 4
OR
Evaluate ( 99)3 and (102 )3 using suitable identities. 4
36 Draw the graph of linear equation : 2y - x = 7 and determine whether x = 3 , y = 2 is its 4

solution or not?
37 ΔABC is an isosceles triangle in which AB = AC.Side BA is produced to D such that AD = AB. 4

Show that ∠ BCD is a right angle.
OR
Line-segment AB is parallel to another line-segment CD. O is the mid-point of AD. Show that (i)
ΔAOB ≅ Δ DOC (ii) O is also the mid-point of BC.
38 D, E, F are the mid points of sides BC, CA and AB of triangle ABC respectively. Show that: 4
a) BDEF is a parallelogram.
b) Area triangle DEF = ¼ area of triangle ABC
c) Area BDEF = ½ area of triangle ABC
39 A hemispherical dome of a building needs to be painted. If the circumference of the base 4

of the dome is 17.6 m, find the cost of painting it, given that the rate of painting is Rs.5
per 100 cm2.
OR
The inner diameter of a cylinderical wooden pipe is 24 cm and its outer diameter is 28 cm.
The length of the pipe is 35 cm. Find the mass of the pipe, if 1 cm3 of wood has a mass of
0.06gm.
40 A nutritionist is interested in knowing the percentage of calories from fat which Indians 4
intake on daily basis. To study this, the nutritionist randomly selects 25 Indians and
evaluate the percentage of calories from fat consumed in a typical day. The result of the
study are as follows:
34%, 18%, 33%, 25%, 30%,
42%, 40%, 33%, 39%, 40%,
45%, 35%, 45%, 25%, 27%,
23%, 32%, 33%, 47%, 23%,
27%, 32%, 30%, 28%, 36%,
(a) Construct a frquency table for this data with class interval as 15-20, 20-25 and so on
(b) Draw the histogram for the above data.

SESSION ENDING EXAMINATION – (2020-21) MARKING SCHEME

MATHEMATICS (SAMPLE PAPER - 2)
TIME: 3 Hours CLASS: IX Maximum Marks: 80
Section-A
1. (d) many 1 Mark
2. (c) Not defined 1Mark
3. (d) 5 units 1 Mark
4. (c) 54 1 Mark
5. (b) Isosceles triangle 1 Mark
6. (b) Trapeziuma 1 Mark
7. (a) PQ > PR 1 Mark
8. (c) 140 1 Mark
9. (b) Rs. 2.16 1 Mark
10. (c) 24 cm sq. 1 Mark
4 1 Mark
11.
6 units / 1 Mark
12. th
4 quadrant
13, 45 degree 1 Mark
(hint): angle A+angle B + angle B + angle C = 120+105)

(angle A + angle B + angle C) + angle B = 180+45
14. 40 degree 1 Mark
Hint 3x + 3x + x + 80 = 360
15. Angle BDC = 30 degree and angle BCD = 80 1 Mark
degree
16. 1/35 1 Mark
17. 2 units OR 50 degree 1 Mark
18. 6 cm sq. 1 Mark
19. 2310 cubic cm 1 Mark

20. 1/2 1 Mark
S ection-B
21. Expressing 10 p/q and 1000 p/q 1 mark

Calculating answer = 233/990 1 mark
22. Putting x = 0
Finding the value i.e., 3 1 mark
1 mark
23. Correct equation y=20 2 mark
+10(x-1) or 10x+10 OR
Putting X= 3 and Y = 1 mark
1 mark
4 Finding value i.e.,
5/3
24. For correct figure, given, to 1 mark
prove Correct proof 1 mark
25. i) 4 π r2 1 Mark
ii) 4 π r2 1 mark
26. i) 175/250 1 mark each

ii)
75/250
OR
a) 236/682
b) 138/682
Section-C
27. Applying 2(a-b) (a+b) X 2 (b-c) (b+c) X 2 (c-a) (c+a) 1 mark

2 a2-b2 X 2 b2-c2 X 2 c2-a2 1 mark
2a2-b2 + b2-c2 + c2-a2 = 20 = 1 1 mark
OR
1 mark
Making basis same 1 mark
x+2 = -6+10 (equating 1 mark
powers ) x=2
28. (a) Finding P(-1) = -2 1 mark

P(+1) = 2 1 Mark
Putting values and getting answer i.e., 0 1 mark
29. (0, -5) (0, 0 ) ( -3, 0) 1 mark for each

30. Correct applying angle sum property 1 Mark

X= 50 degree
Correct applying exterior angle property 1 Mark
Y = 80 degree
31. correct Given, To Prove, Figure 1 Mark
correct 2 Mark
Proof OR
1 Mark
correct Given, To Prove,
2 Mark
Figure correct Proof
32. For correct construction 2 Mark

Justification 1 Mark
33. Finding AC 41 cm 1 Mark

Area of Triangle ABC = 180 m 1 Mark
sq. Area of Triangle ACD = 126 1 Mark
m sq. Total area cleaned = 306
m sq.
34. correct mean = 243/16 = 15.18 1 Mark for each answer
correct median =
15 correct mode =
15 OR
1 mark each
(i) 168.3 cm
(ii) Correct explanation
(iii) 11-13 years
Section-D
35. a) Using identity 2 Marks each part
Finding answer i.e., 970299

b) Using identity
Finding answer i.e., 1061208
OR 2 mark
2 marks
Using identity of a2-b2 to find (x4 + y4) (x4-
y4) Again using identity to get the final
answer (x4+y4) (x2+y2) (x+y) (x-y)
36. For correct graph 2 Mark

For determining the answer (No) 2 Mark
37. Correct property: angle opposite to the equal side are 2Marks
equal 2 marks
Correct proof Given, To Prove,
Figure OR 2 + 2 Marks
For correct congruent condition
(ASA) For correct Proof
38. For correct Figure 1 Mark
For correct Proof of a, b, and c part 1+1+1 Marks
39. For finding the radius 2.8m 1 Mark

For finding the curved surface area 2 Mark
98.56m2 For finding the cost Rs. 49280 1 Mark
OR
2 Mark
For finding the volume 2 Mark
5720cm3 For finding the
weight 3.432 Kg.
40. For correct table 2 Mark
For drawing the correct histogram 2 Mark

SUPPORT MATERIAL IX 2020 21 Watermark

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

You might also like

SUPPORT MATERIAL IX 2020 21 Watermark

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

SUPPORT MATERIAL IX 2020 21 Watermark

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Join @Class_10_Matrrials on Telegram for more

STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL

KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN

REGIONAL OFFICE AGRA

STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL

Deputy Commissioner KVS RO Agra

Dr. M L Mishra Mrs. Indira Mudgal

SNO TEACHER NAME DESIGNATION Name of KV

1 Mrs. Versha Mohril TGT (MATHS) Noida sec 24

2 Mrs. Richa singh TGT (MATHS) Ghaziabad Shift 2

3 Mrs. Renu Yadav TGT (MATHS) Aligarh

4 Mrs. Pramita TGT (MATHS) OEF Hazratpur

5 Mr. A.K.Gupta TGT (MATHS) Jhansi-3

6 Mrs. Meenal Agrawal TGT (MATHS) No-1 Hindon

7 Mrs. Pooja Pratihasta TGT (MATHS) Greater Noida

8 Mr. B.N.Bhalla TGT (MATHS) Agra No-1

9 Mr. S.N. Khan TGT (MATHS) Lalitpur

10 Mr. K.K.Sharma TGT (MATHS) Etawah

11 Mr. Rajeev Tripathi TGT (MATHS) Baad Mathura

12 Mr. Ashok kumar Gupta TGT (MATHS) Talbehat

13 Mr. S K S Rai TGT (MATHS) Jhansi No-1

14 Mrs. Jyoti Sharma TGT (MATHS) DL Meerut

15 Mr. Ramanuj Yadav TGT (MATHS) Babina Cantt

16 Ms. ALKA MAHESHWARI TGT (MATHS) Agra Cantt No. 2

17 Mrs. JYOTI MEHTA TGT (MATHS) Hindan No. 2 AFS

SNO TEACHER NAME DESIGNATION Name of KV

1 Sh. Sunil Kumar TGT (MATHS) Gaziabad (KNN) (Sh-1)

11 Sh. Neeraj Kumar Sharma TGT (MATHS) NoidaSector - 24 (Sh-2)

NCERT CHAPTER NO TOPIC

4 LINEAR EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLES

5 INTRODUCTION TO EUCLID GEOMETRY (DELETED)

6 LINES AND ANGLES

9 AREAS OF PARALLELOGRAMS & TRIANGLES (DELETED)

13 SURFACE AREAS & VOLUMES

16 Model Question Paper 1 with marking Scheme

17 Model Question Paper 2 with marking Scheme

Revised MATHEMATICS (IX)

to develop interest in mathematics as a problem-solving tool in various fields for its

COURSE STRUCTURE CLASS –IX

UNIT I: NUMBER SYSTEMS

1. REAL NUMBERS (10 Periods)

3. Rationalization (with precise meaning) of real numbers of the type

UNIT II: ALGEBRA

Definition of a polynomial in one variable, with examples and counter examples.

and their use in factorization of polynomials .

2. LINEAR EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLES (10) Periods

UNIT III: COORDINATE GEOMETRY

COORDINATE GEOMETRY (6) Periods

UNIT IV: GEOMETRY

1. LINES AND ANGLES (13) Periods

2. TRIANGLES (15) Periods

4. QUADRILATERALS (10) Periods

5. CIRCLES (12) Periods

Through examples, arrive at definition of circle and related concepts-radius,

6. CONSTRUCTIONS (5) Periods

1. AREAS (2) Periods

Area of a triangle using Heron's formula (without proof)