Flutter derivatives are derived by first

trial with CFD (density ρair = 1.21 ; kinematic Table. 1 : Summary of critical modal-features.
viscosity νair = 1.51e-5 m2/s ,width of deck
Mode f (Hz) Direction Shape
approximated as B = 4.0 m) . For various tests,
no
inlet velocities of wind are assumed as Un
={2,4,6,7,8,9,10,12,18,22,26} m/s. Imposed 1 0.38958 Y Sine(half)- flexural
vertical and rotational displacements assumed 2 0.50520 Z Sine(half)- flexural
are, for time t (sec) and f = 0.55704 Hz or ω =
3 0.56176 Z Sine(full)- flexural
3.5 cps , ℎ(𝑡𝑡) = 0.10 sin(3.5 𝑡𝑡) m and 𝛼𝛼(𝑡𝑡) =
0.05 sin(3.5 𝑡𝑡)rad respectively. A typical case 4 0.59337 α Sine(half)- torsional
of lift and moment case is presented in Fig. 4. 5 0.67434 Y Sine(full)- flexural
By using lift and moment coefficients (forces) 6 1.08732 α Sine(full)- torsional
and least-square method (𝐸𝐸4) flutter derivatives
𝑈𝑈
for various reduced speeds ( 𝑛𝑛 ) are calculated
𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓
1
as in Fig. 5. The nature of the derivatives are

Lift Coeff (CL)

qualitatively comparable to that of a rectangular 0.5
type section to some extent.
Modal analysis of structure is carried 0
out on the basis of 'Ritz Vector' analysis. Higher
− 0.5
modes and modes which involves more
contribution from elements other than deck are −1
7 8 9 10 11
ignored. Table. 1 shows the summary of critical
modes. Global coordinates of the bridge are t(s)
defined as X (1,0,0) along axis of the bridge
deck, Y (0,1,0) i.e. towards the plane of paper Fig. 4a : Lift Coefficient Vs. t (s) for U=10m/s
and Z (0,0,1) in vertical direction. Amongst
0.4
these, the pair of 2nd. mode (vertical) and 4th.
Moment Coeff (CM)

mode (torsional) and another pair 3rd. mode 0.2

(vertical) and 6th. mode (torsional) are found to
produce coupled aeroelastic forces. These are 0
chosen to determine the critical frequency and
− 0.2
speed for instability during flutter.
From the bridge data, property and − 0.4
7 8 9 10 11
inertia per unit length mass 𝑚𝑚 = 1000 kg/m ;
mass-moment of inertia : Iy = 2834 kg-m2/m; Iz t(s)
(planar) = 4763 kg-m2/m; Ix(torsional)= Ie,2 =
3342 kg-m2/m ; For (E17) ,flexural inertia = Ie,1 Fig. 4b : Moment Coefficient Vs. t (s) for U=10m/s
= 1000×B2 kg-m2 . Critical damping ratio is
assumed constant for all modes as 𝜁𝜁ℎ = 1.5% for
this type of flexible bridges with low mass.

**Chief Consultant(Propr.) -Newline Consulting Engineers , Kolkata; BE(Civil) , M-Tech(Structures) 6