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Multiple Gravty Dam Design
Multiple Gravty Dam Design
) Subject of Problem
Design a Non-Overflow Solid Gravity Dam?
) Solution
Step-1: Computation of Constants
(a) Free Board
≈
= 1.29 1.30m
4 4
Wave rise above still water level = hw = X 1.30m =1.73m
3 3
Say a free board of 1.80m
3 3
Center of action is
8
hw = X1.30m = 0.49m
8
≈ 0.50m
Step-2: Zone I
WO
1.8m I
h W1
FH II
. .B
0.00
FU
Figure-1. Zone-I
Step-3: Zone II
For the vertical dam section, a moment equation about the downstream middle-
third point in terms of the unknown h is written to determine the bottom of zone II.
Load computation
W0 = Self weight of the dam in zone I, can be calculated using
W 0 = γc Apx1m
W0 =2.4 ton/m3x (1.8mX7.5m) x1m
W0 =32.4ton downward
According the gravity method, the middle third point is 1/6.
Then, the line of action is 1/6x7.5m= 1.25m from B to the left.
W1 = Self weight of the dam in zone II, can be calculated using
W1= γc Apx1m
W1=2.4 ton/m3x (hX7.5m) x1m
W1=18h downward
According the gravity method, the middle third point is 1/6
The line of action is 1/6x7.5m= 1.25m from B to the left.
Fh = Horizontal load of hydrostatic/water load, can be calculated using
1
Fh = x γw xh2
2
2
Fh = 0.5x1ton/m3 xh
2
Fh = 0.5 h to the right
The line of action is h/3 from the bottom line.
Fu = Uplift pressure of the external seepage, can be calculated using
⎛ z + z2 ⎞
Pu = η A h γ w ⎜ 1 ⎟ , become
⎝ 2 ⎠
Fu = 2.5h upward
To R R DW DW UW
ΣForces =0.5h2 +15.5h + 35.78
Moment Computation
Counterclockwise (+ive)
= (W0 x1.25) + (W1 x 1.25) = (32.4tonx1.25m) + (18hx1.25m) =22.5h + 40.5ton-m
Clockwise (-ive)
=(Fhxh/3)+(Fux2.5m)+(Pwx(h+0.5m))=(0.5h2x h/3)+( -2.5hx2.5m)+( 3.38x(h +0.5m))
= h3/6 + 6.25h + 3.38h+1.69 = h3/6 + 9.63h+1.69
Resultant Moment can be computed as:
Σ Moment = 0
Σ Moment = Counterclockwise (+ive) + Clockwise (+ive)
Σ Moment = 22.5h + 40.5ton-m + h3/6 + 9.63h+1.69 = 0
Σ Moment = -h3/6+ 12.87h + 38.81 = 0
TABLE-1. Computation Summarized table for Zone-II
No Item Description Force, ton M.Arm, m Moment, ton-m
Horizontal Vertical about B Clockwise(-) C.Clockwise(+)
1 W0 1.8X7.5X1.0X2.4 32.4 1/6x7.5=1.25 40.5
2 W1 hx7.5x1.0x2.4 18h 1.25 22.5h
2 3
3 Fh 1/2x1.0xhxh 0.5h h/3 h /6
4 Fu 1/2xϕx1.0xhx7.5 -2.5h 7.5/3=2.5 6.25h
5 Pw 3.38 h+0.5 3.38h+1.69
Σ 0.5h2+3.38 15.5h+32.4 h3/6+9.63h+1.69 22.5h+40.5
W0
-10.00
FH
W1 W2
-20.00
A .
FU
Δl
7.5m
W 0 = γc Apx1m
W0 =2.4 ton/m3x (11.8mX7.5m) x1m
W0 =212.4ton downward
Then, the line of action is 1/2x7.5m= 3.75m from A to the right.
W1 = Self weight of the dam in zone III Block 1, can be calculated using
W1= γc Apx1m
W1=2.4 ton/m3x (10.0mX7.5m) x1m
W1=180.0ton downward
Similarly, the line of action is 1/2x7.5m= 3.75m from A to the right.
W2 = Self weight of the dam in zone III Block 1, can be calculated using
W2 = γc Apx1m
W2 = 2.4 ton/m3x (1/2x10.0mxΔl) x1m
W2 = 12Δl
The line of action is 7.5 + Δl /3 from A to the right.
Fh = Horizontal load of hydrostatic/water load, can be calculated using
1 2
Fh = xh x γw
2
2
Fh =0.5 x10 x1.0 ton/m3 to the right
The line of action is 20/3 m from the bottom line.
Fu = Uplift pressure of the external seepage, can be calculated using
⎛ z + z2 ⎞
Pu = η A h γ w ⎜ 1 ⎟ , become
⎝ 2 ⎠
To R R DW DW DW UW
Counterclockwise (-ive)
9 3
9 3
The resultant should fall at the downstream middle-third point, which is at
2 (7.5 +Δl ) from A, i.e.
3
⇔
∑V = 2 (7.5 +Δl )
∑M A
3
9 3 3 3
2
This simplifies to Δl + 334.58/3Δl – 583.38 = 0
⇒ Δl = 5.00m
For reservoir empty condition, ΣH = 0, ΣV = 452.4 ton; ΣMA = 2021.5 ton-m and the
resultant fall at
∑V =
2021.5
= 4.468m from A, which is greater than
∑M A 452.4
3
2
=7978.76 + 66.67Δl + 0.67Δl
+ 2Δl
2
Or 7978.76 + 200Δl = 2 (12.5 +Δl ) x (627.4 +2Δl)
3 3 3
2
This simplifies to Δl + 552.4Δl - 4125.645 =0 Δl = 7.37m
For reservoir empty condition, ΣH = 0, ΣV = 840.84 ton; ΣMA = 5219.27ton-m and the resultant
fall at ∑V =
5219.27
= 6.207m from the upstream face, which is less than 1 (12.5 +7.37) =
3
∑M A
840.84
6.623m indicating that the resultant is outside kern. This is indicates that the lower boundary of
zone III over stepped. This lower boundary should be located firs. This is done by constructing
and solving a simultaneous equation in Δl and Δh which satisfies both reservoir full and
reservoir empty conditions. W0
-20.00
FH
W1
A=Δh W2
A ♦
12.5 b
FU
Figure-3. Zone-III, Block-2
ΣM A ( 2021.5+187.5a+15ab+0.4ab ) = 1 (12.5+b)
2
=
One obtains from ΣFV 452.4+30a+1.2ab 3
6064.5+562.5a+45ab+1.2ab2=452.4b+30ab+1.2ab2+5655+375a+15ab
452.4b-187.5a-409.5=0 ⇔ 150.8b-62.5a-136.5=0 for reservoir empty case!
Then, a trial value of ‘a’ is assumed from which ‘b’ is calculated and full reservoir
condition is checked. The iteration is continued until values of ‘a’ and ‘b’, which satisfy
both U/S and D/S requirements are found.
b=
( 62.5 X 3.5) + 136.5 = 2.356m
First let’s try Δh=a=3.5m. From the above equation, 150.8
Then, the full reservoir, substituting a=3.5m and b=2.356m in the table
ΣM A 4477.04
= = 9.93m
ΣFV =450.93t, ΣMA =4477.04t-m and the arm ΣFV 450.93 as compared to
2/3(12.5+2.356) = 9.90m i.e. the resultant is slightly outside the kern, reservoir full.
This can be ignored. However, if accuracy is needed, revising with a trial value of
a=3.40m gives b=2.314m for which ΣFV =448.29t, ΣMA =4430t-m giving an arm equal
to 9.88m (for reservoir full case) from U/S face as compared to
2/3(12.5+2.314)=9.880m, o.k.(through slightly outside kern)
Therefore, lower boundary of zone III is at 23.40m below pool level.
For full reservoir condition,
FH
W1
W2
W3
-30.00
♦A
a 14.82m b
x
l
FU
Figure-4. Zone-IV Block-1
CHECK Resultant at 12.951+0.7=13.651 from Up Stream face compared with 2/3 x 20.52=13.680
Îinside kern by a margin of 0.029m. This can be ignored. But try b=4.95m, λ=20.47m
W2 4.95X6.6X2.4X ½ 39.20 16.47 645.62
-30.00
W
W1
FH
W W
07 19.77m
-40.00
♦
a 20 47 b
FU
Figure-5. Zone-IV Block-2
2
→ l = (1 9 .7 7 − 7 .7 3 ) − 8 .3 5 5 = 1 9 .1 4 5 ⇒ l = 2 8 .7 1 8 ⇒ a = 2 8 .7 1 8 − ( 0 .7 + 2 7 .5 ) = 0 .5 1 8
3
Take a=0.70, λ=28.8m
W4 18.69 -6.817
S .F .F =
(( 0.7 X 1090.26 X 10 ) + ( 0.5 X 28.8 X 50 X 10 )) = 9.91 > 5
3 4
803.38 X 103
It is OK!!!
Maximum stresses (without uplift):
ΣFV=1474.26; moment arm = 15.394m from A or 12.106m from downstream; moment=
22694.56t-mÎe=2.294m
1474.26 ⎡ 2.294 ⎤ 1
∴σ max = ⎢1+ ⎥ x = 5.53 Kg 2
28.8 ⎣ 28.8 ⎦ 10 cm
It is OK!!!
W4 AXIS
WO
-40.00
W5
W1
FH
W3 W2
1.30m 27.50m
-50.00
♦A
a 28.80m b
FU
2
→ l = 3 5.2 5 − 1 0.7 14 = 1 6.10 5 ⇒ l = 36 .8 ⇒ a = 3 6.8 − 2 8.8 − 7.7 5 = 0.2 5 m say 0.27 m
3
-50.00
W
W1
FH
W W
1 57 35.25m
-60.00
♦
a 36 82 b
FU
Figure-7 Computation Summarized table for Zone-IV, Block-4
2
→ l = 43 .0 3 − 1 3.18 5 = 29 .8 45 ⇒ l = 4 4.7 7 ⇒ a = 4 4.77 − 4 4.60 = 0 .1 7 m sa y 0 .2 0 m
3
⇒ l = 4 4.6 + 0 .2 0 = 4 4.80 m
W3 ½ X0.2X10X2.4 2.40 -1.637 -3.93
W4 51.84 -45.25
σ max =
( 2 X 3201.45 X 10 ) = 14.292 Kg
3
,
44.8 X 104 cm 2
σ ' = 14.3 Kg
cm 2
(b) FULL
σ max =
( 2 X 2368.29 X 10 ) = 10.573 Kg
3
, m=7.78/10 =0.788
44.8 X 104 cm 2
3264.29 ⎡ 3.362 ⎤
σ max = ⎢1+ ⎥ = 7.833 Kg 2 , not critical
44.8 X 10 ⎣ 44.8 ⎦ cm
S .F .F =
(( 0.7 X 2368.29 X 10 ) + ( 0.5 X 44.8 X 50 X 10 )) = 7.13 > 5
3 4
1803.38 X 103
It is OK!!!
ZONE I
-10.00 7.50
ZONE III
-23.40 14.82
0.70
-30.00 19.77
1.30
ZONE IV
-40.00 27.50
1.57
-50.00 35.25
1.77
-60.00 43.03
44.80