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j}1flgs ;dfhjfb clgjfo{

sf7df8f}F . g]kfn sDo'lg:6 a]lg3f6–/f]/fË ufpFkflnsfsf] j8f g=
kf6L{sf dxf;lrj ljKnjn] lgMz'Ns ! / @ sf] l;dfgfl:yt clt ljs6
lzIff / :jf:Yosf nflu j}1flgs tfdfª a:tL /x]sf] Rofqf ufpFdf
lgdf{ 0 f ul/Psf]
cfwf/e"t ljBfnosf]
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qmflGtsf/L_ sf] kxndf wflbªsf] -af“ s L clGtd k] h df_

g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf k|jQmf k|sf08 rLg e|d0fdf

sf7df8f} F . g] k fn sDo' l g:6
kf6L{sf k|jQmf k|sf08 rLg e|d0fdf
k"0f{?kdf c;kmn ePsf] / g]kfnL
hgtfn] kl/jt{g rflx/x]sf] /fli6«o
kl/l:yltdf ul/Psf] of] e|d0f laz]if
dxTjsf] x'g] cfFsng ul/Psf] 5 .
g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf k|jQmf tyf
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gsf/fTds?kdf k|:t't ug]{ s'ri] 6f
u/] klg g]kfnsf cfdqmflGtsf/L
g]kfnL hgtfn] of] e|d0f b]z /
hgtfsf nflu sf]z]9'+uf ;fljt x'g]
lgl:sPsf 5g\ . g]kfn e|d0fnfO{ /fi6«3ftL / bnfntTjx?n] /fhgLlts bn, g]tf / :jfledfgL ljZjf; lnPsf 5g\ .
sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf] kxn
/ lrlgofF sDo'lg:6
kf6L{ s f] lgdGq0ffdf
g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf
efb| & ut] g]kfn aGb
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k|jQmf tyf ;lrjfno kf6L{n] efb| & ut] g]kfn aGb cfXjfg u/]sf 5g\ . rf/ kqmfp k'hL{ / em'¶f d'2fsf] vf/]hL, ;Dk"0f{ aGbLsf] l/xfO{ / cfsflzFbf]
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ljifd ljZj / /fli6«o
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ul/Psf] k| j Qmf
k|sf08sf] o; rLg
e|d0fnfO{ /fli6«o /
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b[ l i6n] ;d] t leGg
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kl/jt{ g sf nflu g] k fnsf dxf;lrj cfx' t L, g] s kf -dfcf] j fbL u/]sf 5g\ . g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{;lxt rf/ sDo'lg:6 kf6L{åf/f
PsLs[ t hgqmflGt ;dfhjfbL_ sf cWoIf s0f{lht a'9fyf]sL …;'zLnÚn] 3f]lift ;+3if{sf sfo{qmdcGtu{t efb| ^ ut] b]zJojkL dzfn
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e|d0f ul//x]sf 5g\ . 5 . g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{;lxt rf/ sDo'lg:6 kf6L{åf/f sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf cWoIf Clif s§]n, j}1flgs ;dfhjfbL
g]kfnsf] /fli6«o hf/L lj1lKtdf b]pjf g]t[Tjsf] u7aGwg ;/sf/n] u/]sf] sDo'lg:6 kf6L{, g]kfnsf dxf;lrj cfx'tL , g]skf -dfcf]jfbL
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c;fWo} ;+ a ] b gzLn ePsf] # aFb' ] ;xdltsf] pNn‹g, g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf ;+oQ' m k|]; lj1lKt o; k|sf/ /x]sf] 5– …cfh ldlt @)&( ;fpg
cj:yfsf] ;fdgf dxf;lrj ljKnjnufotsf g]tf, sfo{stf{x?lj?4 hf/L @& ut] xfdL rf/ sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf] a}7s a;L b]zsf] /fli6«otf,
ul//x] s f] 5, bnfn u/]sf] kqmfp k'hL{, dxËL / e|i6frf/sf] lj?4 r/0fa4 hgtGq / hghLljsfsf ;jfnx?df ;+3if{ ug{ lgDg lg0f{ox?
;+ ; bLo Joj:yf / ;+3ifsf{ sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng ub}{ cfPsf] pNn]v ub}{ u/]sf 5f}+ . ;+3if{sf sfo{qmdx? ;fj{hlgs ug{ of] ;+oQ' m k|;] lj1lKt
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‘/fHon] tLg a'b“ ] ;xdltdfly a]OdfgL u¥of]’

sf7df8f}F . g]kfn sDo'lg:6
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;Daf]wg ub}{ pgn] ;f] 7f]s'jf u/]sL
x'g\ . pgn] kf6L{sf dxf;lrj ljKnj,
k| j Qmf k| s f08nufotsf g] t f
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pQm sfo{qmddf uf]vf{sf ;]qm]6/L
slkn e§, ljz]if ;ldtL ;b:o of]uG] b|
s'dfn, ;lxb eLid s'dfnsf] >LdtL
d}ltb]aL s'dfn nufotn] z'esfdgf
dGtJo /fv]sf lyP eg] awfO{ dGtJo
o'jf ;+u7g g]kfnsf s]lGb|o ;b:o
tyf uf]/vf lhNnf ;+of]hs /0faxfb'/
u'?ªn] /fv]sf lyP . pQm e]nfsf]
;~rfng ;'hg u'?ª / cWoIftf s[i0f
axfb'/ clwsf/Ln] u/]sf lyP . e]nfn]
s[i0f clwsf/Lsf] g]tT[ jdf @& ;b:oLo
gu/ ;ldlt lgjf{lrt u/]sf] 5 .
g]kfnsf] /fli6«o /fhgLltdf k|of]ujfbLx?sf] laulauL
g]kfnsf] /fli6«o /fhgLltdf ;a}n]
lrg]sf cl:y/ kfq 8f= afa'/fd
e§/fO{n] gjul7t g]kfn ;dfhjfbL
kf6L{sf] Ps sfo{qmddf …cfk"mn]
g]kfnsf] /fhgLltdf s]xL k|of]u
ul/;s]sf] / s]xL s'/fx? k|of]u ug]{
tof/Ldf /x]sf]Ú atfPsf] Ps xKtf
k'Ubf gk'Ub} pxfF cfkm}F dfcf]jfbL
s]Gb|sf cWoIf k'iksdn bfxfnaf6
k| o f] u x' g ' e Psf] 5 . sDo' l gi6
/fhgLlt kl/Tofusf] ;fj{hlgs 3f]if0ff
ug'e{ Psf 8f= e§/fO{n] r'gfj lhTgs}
nflu km] l / sDo' l gi6 kf6L{ s f]
cGt/f{{li6«o lrGx xFl;of xyf}8fsf]
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ljifo ePsf] 5 . To;f] t tTsfnLg
;+o'St hgdf]rf{s} ;dodf xFl;of
xyf}8fsf] tn tf/f lrGx hf]8\bf klg
pxfF cfnf]rgfsf] kfq x'ge' Psf] lyof] .
hlta]nf pxfFnfO{ sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf]
cGt/f{li6«o lrGx laufg]{ k|of; u/]sf]
c/f]k nfu]sf] lyof] . kl5Nnf] ;dodf
klg pxfFx?n] g} dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|sf]
r'gfj lrGx agfpg] gfddf xFl;of
xyf}8f lrGxnfO{ uf]nfsf/leq kf/]/
…s}b ug]Ú{ k|of; ug'e { Psf] lyof] .
xfn;Dd klg dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|sf] r'gfj
lrGxsf gfddf xFl;of xyf}8fnfO{
uf]nfsf/leq s}b ug]{ sfd e}/x]s}
5 . 8f= e§/fO{n] dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|;Fu
ldn] / xF l ;of xyf} 8 f lrGx /
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3f]if0ffkqaf6 cfkm\gf] kf6L{nfO{ r'gfj
n8fpg' Ps k|sf/n] pxfFsf] 7"nf]
c;kmntf / /fhgLlts cfTdxTof
xf] . To;} u /L pxfF s f] g] k fn
;dfhjfbL kf6L{ la36g u/]
a/fa/sf] s'/f xf] . s'g} kf6L{ vf]n]
klg To;nfO{ cufl8 a9fpg g;Sg],
c?sf] kf6L{df 6fFl;P klg ;f] kf6L{df
3'nldn x'g g;Sg] 8f= e§/fO{nfO{
o;cl3 g} w] / } z' e lrGtsx?n]
…/fhgLltaf6 ;Gof;Ú lng ;'emfj
klg lbPsf x' g \ . h;kfaf6
cg'zf;gxLg ePsf] c/f]k nufP/
lgisfzg ul/Pkl5 w]/}n] pxfFk|lt
lrGtf / rf;f] AoSt u/]sf lyP .
jf:tjdf 8f= e§/fOsf nflu
pko'St x'g] If]q kqsfl/tf xf] . hxfF
hltj6f /fhgLlts k|of]u u/] klg
s]xL km/s kb}g{ . lal6z k|wfgdGqL
af]l/; hf]g;g klg cfkm\gf] k"a{ k]zf
kqsfl/tfd} kms{g] s'/fx? cfPsf
5g\\ . pxfFn] ;g\ !(*& df b 6fOD;sf
nflu Ps l/kf]6/{ sf ?kdf sfd ug'{
8f= s]zj b]jsf]6f
ePsf] lyof] . To;kl5 pxfFn] 8]nL
6]lnu|fkmsf] nflu sfd ug{ yfNg'eof] .
hxfF pxfF n ] !(*(–($ ;Dd
;+jfbbftfsf] ?kdf / kl5 ;xfos
;Dkfbssf ?kdf sfd ug'{ ePsf]
lyof] . !(($ df hf]g;g b :k]S6]6/
sf] nflu Ps /fhgLlts :tDesf/
aGg'ePsf] lyof]eg] !((( df pxfFnfO{
klqsfsf] ;Dkfbs agfOPsf] lyof] .
hxfF pxfFn] ;g\ @))% ;Dd sfd
ug'e{ of] . To;}u/L 8f= e§/fO{ …lemNsf]Ú
/ …hgfb]zÚdf rlr{t kqsf/ x'ge' Psf]
lyof] . sl/j !$ jif{sf] k|of]ukl5
pxfFn] To;nfO{ klg 5f8\g' eof] .
To;aLrdf pxfFn] hgo'4sf] k|of]u
ug'e{ Psf] lyof] . hgo'4 pTsif{df k'Ug}
nfu]sf] a]nf pxfFn] To;nfO{ klg 5fl8
lbg'eof] . To;kl5 ;+;bLo /fhgLltdf
k|az] u/]/ dfcf]jfbL kf6L{dfkm{t\ b]zsf]
sfo{sf/L k|dv ' k|wfgdGqL aGg'ePsf]
lyof] . To;af6 x6]kl5 pxfF cfkm}F
slxNo} k|wfgdGqL gaGg] af6f]lt/
-af“ s L clGtd k] h df_
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✍ ;DkfbsLo
– s= dfcf]T;] t'ª
tflnafg ;Qfsf] k'g/f]bokl5 klg ckmufg ;d:of p:t}
ckmuflg:tfgdf tflnafgsf] ;fzg Tflnafgsf nflu t]>f] 7"nf] r'gf}lt cfof]lht Pp6f cGt/f{l{ i6«o ;Dd]ngdf laleGg b]zx?n] ToxfFsf] ;/sf/;Fu
;Qfdf k'g/f]bo ePsf] Ps jif{ k"/f cfly{s tyf laQLo s7fOx?af6 kf/ tflnafgsf] g]t[Tj klg h;nfO{ ;DaGw agfpg klg vf]h] eg] ;Gb]xn]
b]znfO{ åGålt/ ws]Ng] if8\oGq aGb u/ Û ePsf] 5 . /fi6«klt c;/km 3fgLsf]
knfog;Fu} ut jif{ cui6b]lv g} ToxfFsf]
kfpg g;Sg' /x]sf] 5 . hlta]nf
tflnafgn] ;Qf xftdf lnPsf] lyof],
ckmuflg:tfgsf] lab]z dGqLsf] ?kdf
pNn]v ug]{ ul/G5, ;xefuL ePsf
klg x]g{] u/] . t/, cd]l/sfn] h;/L
ckmuflg:tfgdf sAhf hdfPsf] lyof],
;/sf/sf] kl5Nnf] ultlalw x]bf{ ;/sf/ s} sf/0f b]z k'gM åGådf ;Qfdf pgLx?sf] cf/f]x0f ePsf lyof] . Tolta]nf klg ckmuflg:tfg cfly{s lyP . c? s]xL leGg t/Lsfn] klg h;/L zlStzfnL cTofw'lgs tflnd
km:g] b]lvPsf] 5 . ;/sf/n] cfufdL dª\l;/ $ ut] ;+3 / k|bz ] ;efsf] oBlk Tolta]nf pgLx? h'g sl7gfO{ / ;DjGw ;"qx? cl3 a9\b} cfPsf 5g\\ . k|fKt ;}Go ;+u7g lgdf{0f u/]sf] lyof] /
lgjf{rgsf] ldlt to u/]sf] 5, h;cg';f/ lgjf{rg cfof]udf bn btf{ r'gf}ltx?;Fu h'lw/x]sf lyP clxn] klg t/, klZrdf b]zx?n] dfq} xf]Og, l5d]sL r' g fjsf] ;d] t d~rg u/] /
ug]{ ;dofjlw ;dfKt e} ;s]sf] 5 . u7aGwg ;/sf/ / ;Qfwf/L bnn] s]xL sd of s]xL a];L ltg} sl7gfO{ / d'ns' x? To;df ef/t;Ddn] klg s]xL ckmuflg:tfdf nf]stGq km:6fPsf] s'/f
ut :yfgLo lgjf{rgdf h:t} cfufdL dª\l;/ $ ut] x'g] ;+3 / k|bz ] ;d:of;Fu h'lw/x]sf 5g\\ . cem sltko zt{sf ;fy dfq} tflnafg;Fu ;DjGw k|rf/ u/]sf] lyof] tflnafgn] ;Qf xftdf
lgjf{rgdf ;d]t hgtfsf] :jtGq dtbfg ug]{ clwsf/nfO{ s'l07t x'g] ljifodf t ;d:of cem rs]/{ uPsf sfod u/]sf] b]lvG5 . tflnafgsf lnFbf glnFb} Tolta]nfsf ;/sf/ / ;]gf
u/L u7aGwg u/]/ r'gfa n8\g] /0fgLlt agfO/x]sf 5g\ . ;Qfwf/L bn / 5g\\ . ;;{/L x]bf{ olta]nf tflnafg sltko g]tfx? cem} klg ljZj la36g eP/ uof] . To;sf] d"n sf/0f
u7aGwg ;/sf/sf] o:tf] xs{tn] hgtfsf] clwsf/ dfq s'l07t ePsf] ;/sf/n] rf/ dxTjk"0f{ r'gf}ltsf] ;fdgf cft+ssf/Lsf] ;"lrdf ;fd]n /x]sf] e|i6frf/ lyof] elgG5 . To;sf cltl/St
5}g nf]stGqsf] ;d]t pkxf; ePsf] 5 . ug'{ kl//x]sf] b]lvG5 . atfOG5 . oBlk pgLx?n] dGqL kb h'g ;fd'bflos / au{ut ;d:ofx?
o;df klxnf] ;d:of ;dfa]zL ;Dxfln/x]sf] klg atfOG5 . ToxfF lyP ltgsf] klg s'g} ;dfwfg
o;}u/L, Psflt/ of] u7aGwg ;/sf/n] g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{;uF ;/sf/ u7gs} ljifo ag]sf] 5 . oL ;a} 36gf qmdsf] kl/k|I] odf ePsf] lyPg . clxn] klg tL ;d:of
u/]sf] tLg a'bF ] ;xdlt sfof{Gjog ug{s
' f] ;§f g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf
dxf;lrj ljKnj, k|jQmf k|sf08nufotsf g]tflj?4 kqmfp k'hL{ hf/L
plta]nf cd]l/sf;Fu ul/Psf] bf]xf
;Demf}tfdf tflnafg g]tT[ jn] s] cfZj:t
nf]sgf/fo0f ;'ab] L rLg ckmuflg:tfg;Fu cfkm\gf] k'/fgf]
/]zd dfu{;uF hf]l8Psf] / lasl;t x'bF }
;dfwfgsf] ;xL ;xL af6f] klqmg ;s]sf]
k|tLt x'bF g} . /fhgLlts l:y/tfsf] d"n
u/]/ pQm kf6L{nfO{ bn btf{ ug]{ cj;/jf6 alGrt ub}{ ;+3 / k|bz ] sf] kf/]sf] lyof] eg] pgLx?n] o:tf] ;/sf/ ;d:ofdf 8'Ab} pqFb} ul//x]s} l:ylt cfPsf] ldqtfsf] ;DjGwnfO{ gofF h8 cy{–;fdflhst tyf /fhg}lts
lgjf{rgdf efu lngaf6 aGb]h nufP/ b]znfO{ k'gM åGådf km;fpg] agfpg] 5g\\ h;df ;a} ckmufgL lyof] . To;otfsf] Ps jif{ d f pRrfOsf ;fy cl3 a9fpg cu|;/ c;dfgtfnfO{ :jLsf/ u/]/ ltgsf]
if8\oGq u/]sf] 5 eg] csf]l{ t/ Pd;L;L, P;lkkL / gful/stf ljwo]s ;d'bfox? tyf ju{x?sf] ;/sf/df ckmuflg:tfgsf] l:ylt cem lau|b} ePsf] b]lvG5 . o; aLr tflnafgL ;dfwfgsf] ;xL af6f] gklxNofOP;Dd
kf; u/]/ uDeL/ /fi6« / hg3ft u/]sf] 5 . ;/sf/sf] oL ;a} xs{t x]bf{ k|ltlglwTj x'g5 ] . t/ tflnafgsf] uPsf] cfly{s laZn]ifs tyf la1x? g]tfx?n] rLgsf] e|d0f klg u/]sf 5g\\ . s'g} klg ;dfh ;xL lbzfdf l:y/tfk"a{
;/sf/ g} k'gM b]zdf åGå rsf{pg pBt ePsf] k|dfl0ft ub{5 . ;Qf/f]x0f otf ;/sf/df d"n?kdf atfpFb5g\\ . Psflt/ ;'vf v8]/L / rLgn] ckmuflg:tfgdf cfly{s ;xof]u cl3 a9\ g ;St} g eGg] s' / f
;/sf/sf] o:tf] /fi6« / hg3ftL sfo{sf] tdfd k|ultzLn, kVt'g / tflnax?s} babaf sfod csf]l{ t/ a9\bf] a]/f]huf/Lsf] sl7gfO{ / nufgL ug] { tyf aLcf/cfO{ ckmuflg:tfgsf] 36gf qmddn] l;4
nf]stGqjfbL, /fi6«jfbL, qmflGtsf/L bn / g]tfnufotn] la/f]w hgfO/x]sf 5 . xhf/f, tflhs, pHa]s h:tf 5Fb} lyof] To;df yk a}s+ x?sf] vl:sbf] kl/of] h gfdf dfkm{ t \ klg u/]sf] 5 .
;d'bfx?nfO{ clxn];Dd klg plrt l:ylt / a}lsË Aoj:yf / 36\bf] lab]zL ckmuflg:tfgsf] l:ylt ;'wf/df ;xof]u s'g} klg b]zn] cfkm\gf] cfGtl/s
5g\ . t;y{ ;/sf/n] Pd;L;L, P;lkkL / gful/stf ljwo]s tTsfn k|ltlglwTj xfl;n x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . d'b|f ;l~rtLn] klg yk sl7gfO{ k'¥ofpg] s'/fnfO{ k|fyldstfdf /fv]s ] f] ;d:of :jo+n] ;xL lsld;n] xn ug]{
vf/]h ug{s' f ;fy} g]skf;Fu ul/Psf] tLg a'bF ] ;xdlt tTsfn k"0f{?kdf Tolt dfq xf]Og, ToxfF cNk;+Vosx?sf] a9fPsf] 5 . ckmuflg:tfgdf o; b]lvb}5 . rLg lz~HofË k|fGtsf] xf] . afXo ;xof]u ;xfos s'/f dfq
sfof{Gjog ug{s ' f] lasNk 5}g . cGoyf, ;/sf/sf] of] u}/lhDd]jf/ k"0f{ ca:yf lgs} g} bogLo /x]sf] ljZn]ifx? aLrdf cGt/f{l{ i6«o ;d'bfo klg p;nfO{ d'l:nd ax'n If]qdf ckmuflg:tfg xf] . ckmuflg:tfgsf] tflnafg ;Qfsf
sfo{lj?4 cfdk|ultzLn, nf]stGqjfbL, /fi6«jfbL, qmflGtsf/L bn, pNn]v ul//x]sf 5g\\ . To;df klg d2t ug{ TolQ cl3 ;/]sf] b]lvFbg} . If]qaf6 s'g} lsl;dsf] rLg la/f]wL nflu klg oxL s'/f dggLo 5 /
g]tfnufot ;r]t gful/s ;8sdf pqg] 5g\ / ToxLFaf6 /fi6«3ftL – l;v / lxGb" ;d'bfosf dflg;x? o;sf] sf/0f xf] eg] tflnafgsf] zf;g vf;u/L la36gsf/L ultlalw gxf];\ x'gk' b{5 . Ps jif{ cl3 ;Qf?9 ePsf]
hg3ftL ;/sf/, ;+;bjfbL bn, ltgsf g]tf / dltof/x?nfO{ ;hfo ToxfFaf6 knfog ug'{ kl//x]sf] b]lvPsf] Aoj:yfn] ljZj ;d'bfosf] ljZjf; lhTg eGg] rfxG5 / tflnafgLx?n] o; tflnafgn] lautsf cg' e a /
lbg]5g\, r]tgf eof . 5 . dlxnfx?nfO{ klg ;dfg ;s]sf] b]lvb}g . ckmuflg:tfg leq dfq dfldnfdf rLgnfO{ cfZj:t kfg{] at{dfgsf] cfjZostf;d]tsf] cfwf/df
;xeflutf ldNg ;s]sf] 5}g . o;df xf]Og, b]z aflx/ klg ckmufgLx?sf] sf]lzz ul//x]sf] klg b]lvG5 . ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{ cfGtl/s ;d:of
af6f]df /fhgLlt gug{ r]tfjgL dfga clwsf/sf] kfngf geO/x]sf]
Pp6f 7"nf] ljifo klg 5Fb5 } . oL ;a}
knfog tLa|?kdf eO/x]sf] 5 .
o; l:yltdf rf} y f] r' g f} l t
ckmuflg:tfg / ef/tsf aLr klg
lat]sf] jif{ ;DjGwdf s]xL g s]xL ;'wf/
xn ub} { ;a} ;d' b fo / If] q sf
hg;d'bfosf] ;dfj]zL ;femf ;/sf/
sf7df8f}F . g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ k|flalws l:6d]6cg';f/ /t'jf k'nsf] sfo{ kl/k|I] fdf tflnafgLx?nfO{ /fhgLlts tflnafgnfO{ cGt/f{l{ i6«o dfGotf k|fKt x' g yfn] s f] b] l vG5 . ef/t;F u agfpg] / To;nfO{ l6sfp cy{;fdflhs
r'nfr'nL ufpF sld6L O{nfdn] af6f]df ;DkGg cj:yfdf /x]sf] / cGo k'nsf] l:y/tf xfl;n ug{ 7"nf] sl7gfO{ ug'{ /x]sf] 5 . x'g t ljZjsf b]zx?n] ckmuflg:tfgsf k"j; { /sf/x?n] h:t} cfwf/ tof/ ug]{ af6f] vf]hd] f dfq
/fhgLlt gug{ r]tfjgL lbPsf] 5 . g]skf klg ^) k|ltzt hlt lgdf{0f sfo{ k'/f /lx/x]sf] b]lvG5 . ckmuflg:tfdf l:ylt ;'lw|Pnf / tflnafgn] klg ;DjGw sfod /fVg cGt/f{ { l i6« o d~rx?df ckmufg
r'nfr'nL ufpF sld6L O{nfdsf OGrfh{ e};s]sf] ca:yfdf xfn o; of]hgfnfO{ ToxfFsf] bf]>f] r'gf}lt cft+sjfb / ;DxflnPnf eg]/ x]l//x]sf 5g\\ / rfxG5 eGg] s'/fdf ef/t cfZj:t x'bF } ;/sf/sf] x}l;ot klg p7\5, cGoyf
x'sd' dNn Ps la1KtL hf/L ub}{ ;f] cGoq :yfgfGt/0f ug{ vf]lhPsf] egL s§/tfsf] r'gf}lt /x]sf] 5 . To;dflysf] pgLx?n] cf–cfkm\gf] lxt cg'sn" låkIfLo uPsf] b]lvb}5 / b'a} b]z ;DjGwnfO{ sdhf]/ eP/ hfG5 . oxL s'/f laleGg
r]tfjgL lbPsf x'g\ . pgn] O{nfdsf] ul/Psf] ;Dk|l] ift ;dfrf/n] xfd|f] kf6L{sf] lgoGq0fsf nflu tflnafgLx? h'lw/x]sf ;DjGw a9fpg rfx]sf] klg b]lvG5 . cl3 a9fpg OR5's /x]sf 5g\\ . ha sf/0fn] cl:y/tfsf] e'jF /Ldf k/]sf
r'nfr'nL %, $, #, @, ! x'bF } lgdf{0ff{wLg uDeL/ Wofgfsif{0f ePsf] 5 . b]lvG5g\\ . cnsfobf k|d'v cn t/, clxn];Dd tLg b]zafx]s c?n] ls ef/tn] tflngafgsf] ;/sf/ cfpg] b]zx?sf nflu klg ;do ;fk]If?kdf
cj:yfdf /x]sf] dbg e08f/L /fli6«o s'g} cd"s kf6L{ / g]tf laz]if haflx/LnfO{ cd]l/sfn] h;/L dfl/lbof] ckmuflg:tfgsf] tflnafg ;/sf/nfO{ lalQs} ckmuflg:tfgdf /x]sf] cfkm\gf] Pp6f l6sfp ;dfwfg xf] . of]eGbf c?
/fhdfu{sf] ljifodf laleGg ;dfrf/ rnv] n sf] cfwf/df l;+ u f] To;af6 s] ;+ s ] t ldNb5 eg] dfGotf lbO;s]sf] 5}g . ;+oS' t /fi6« /fhb"tfjf; aGb ul/lbPsf] lyof] . t/, s'g} e/kbf]{ pkfo ljZjdf lasl;t ePsf]
cfpg yfn]kl5 la1lKt hf/L ub}{ klxnf r'nfr'nLaf;LnfO{ g} k|efjt ug]u{ /L ug{ ckmuflg:tfgdf cn sfobf tyf ;+3;Ddn] klg tflnafg ;/sf/sf nflu ca lj:tf/} lj:tf/} ef/tsf cfly{s 5}g . tflnafgn] cGt/f{l{ i6«o dfGotfsf]
hxfFaf6 ;e]{ ePsf] xf] ToxLFaf6 lgdf{0f vf]lhPsf] b'/fzok"0f{ sfo{ tTsfn aGb cfO{P; h:tf cft+sjfbL ;d"x?sf ;L6 5'6o\ fPsf] 5}g . ;dflhs ultlalwx? Klg vf]hL ul//xFbf /fli6«o bfloTj lgjf{x ug{
sfo{ ug{ cfu|x u/]sf 5g\ . u/L lgdf{0ffwLg cj:yfdf /x]sf] sfd ultlalwx?dfly clxn] klg x' g t uPsf] Ps jif{ o tf ckmuflg:tfgdf a9\g yfn]sf 5g\\ . rfNg' kg]{ sbdx? / ;dfwfg ul/g' kg]{
r'nfr'nLdf Pdfn]sf ;'jf; g]Dafª ;DkGg ug{ xfd|f] kf6L{ ;DalGwt tflnafgx?sf] lgoGq0f /x]sf] b]lvPsf] ckmuflg:tfgsf] l5d]sL b]zx?;Fusf] lgZro g} blIf0f Plzofsf] ;d:ofx? log} x'g} x'g\ . o; l:yltdf ca
/ sfFu;]| aLr s;n] h; lng] / dtbftf ;/f]sf/jfnfx?nfO{ cg'/f]w ub{5 . 5}g . o;df p;n] cfk"m ;kmn ePsf] ;DjGw s]xL g s]xL?kdf cl3 a9\b} /fhgLltnfO{ ckmuflg:tfgdf ckmuflg:tfg ;DxflnPnf ls yk ;+s6df
kmsfpg] jf e8\sfpg] v]n ePsf] :yfgLo hgtfsf] tkm{af6 cfPsf] of] dfunfO{ ;fljt ug{ ;ls/x]sf] 5}g . cfPsf] klg b]lvG5 . dWoPlzofdf tflnafgsf] k'g/f]bon] k|efj k/]sf] 5 . km:nf oIf k|Zg v8f 5 .
hgtfsf] a'emfO/x]sf] 5 eg] g]skfn] rf;f] a]jf:tf ul/P s8f hg;+3if{ cufl8
lbFb} r'nfr'nLsf hgtfsf] dgf]efjgf
ga'em]/ dgk/L ul/P hgtfsf] ;fy lnP/
a9fOg] o;} lj1lKt dfkm{t\ hfgsf/L
u/fO{G5 .
clvn -qmflGtsf/L_n] z}lIfs ;d:oflj?4 ;+3if{ ug]{ clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ nlntk'/sf]
;+3if{ ug]{ hgfPsf] 5 . o; ljifodf gf]6 — xfn rrf{df cfPsf] dfr]a{ ª'
sf7df8f}F . clvn -qmflGtsf/L_n] lzIff
If]qleq b]lvPsf ;d:of, nfu" kbfy{
/fh]Gb|nufotsf] pkl:yltdf ;DkGg
ePsf] pQm a}7ssf] cWoIftf /
lhNnf ;Dd]ng dª\l;/ @% ut]
g]skf r'nfr'nL ufpF sld6L O{nfdsf dxdfO{ ;8ssf] cawf/0ff klg j}1flgs sf7df8f} F . g] k fn sDo' l g:6 nlntk'/sf] d+unaf/ ;DkGg a}7sn]
b'Jo{;gLlj?4, rsf]{ z'Ns lj?4, 5fqfj[lQ ;~rfng ;+of]hs x:tn] u/]sf lyP . kf6L{ l gs6 clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ cfufdL dª\l;/ @% ut] lhNnf
OGrfh{ x'sd' dNnn] hf/L u/]sf] la1KtL g} /x]sf] xfd|f] lgisif{ /x]sf] 5 . t;y{, / oftfoftdf ljBfyL{nfO{ $% k|ltzt pQm lj:tfl/t a}7sn] $! ;b:oLo @&
o; k|sf/ /x]sf] 5– …o; r'nfr'nL o; ;8s v08nfO{ a}slNks dfu{sf] 5'6sf] nflu ;+3if{ ug]{ lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 . cf}F lhNnf ;Dd]ng cfof]hs ;ldlt rog
ufFpkflnsfsf] j8f g+ . %, $, #, @, ! ?kdf /fvL clgjfo{ sfo{ cufl8 a9fpg clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ sf7df8f}s F f] ;f]daf/ u/]sf] 5 . To;}u/L OsfO{ ;Dd]ng, gu/
x'bF } lgdf{0ff{wLg cj:yfdf /x]sf] dbg xfd|f] kf6L{ ;/f]sf/jfnfx?nfO{ laz]if a;]sf] lj:tfl/t a}7sn] ;f] lg0f{o u/]sf] ;Dd]ng / lhNnf ;Dd]ngsf] ldlt;d]t
e08f/L /fli6«o /fhdfu{ k'/fgf] ;e]{ / cg'/f]w ub{5 .Ú xf] . pQm a}7sdf ;+u7gsf pkfWoIf g/]Gb| to u/]sf] atfOPsf] 5 .

af3s} sf/0f ko{6s a9] Û

sf7df8f}F . alb{of /fli6«o lgs'~hdf
af3s} sf/0f ko{6s a9]sf] atfOPsf]
5 . kyk|bz{s cg'/fd rf}w/Lsfcg';f/
o;jif{ lgs'~hdf Ps ;o @) j6f
kf6] tyf jo:s af3 u0fgf ePsf]
5 . af3 x]g{ p2]Zon] ko{6s hËn
3'D5g\,\ af3 b]vk] l5 lgs'~h 3'Dg]
ko{6s v'zL x'g] u5{g .
…of] df};ddf ko{6ssf] af3 x]g{]
OR5f k"/f x'G5,Ú rf}w/L eG5g\,\ …af3
b]Vbf pgLx? v'zL x'G5g\Ú . af3s} sf/0f
kl5Nnf] ;do cfGtl/s tyf afXo
ko{6ssf] /f]hfOFdf of] lgs'~h k/]sf]
5 . lgs'~hsf] d'Vo If]q 3'Dg] ko{6ssf]
;Î\of a9]sf] k|dv ' ;+/If0f clws[t
lji0f'k;
| fb >]i7n] atfP . ut cfly{s
jif{df !) xhf/ a9Ln] lgs'~h 3'ds ] f
5g\\ . …of] ;+Vof xfd|f] nflu ;'Mvb xf]Ú,
k|dv' ;+/If0f clws[t >]i7n] eg], c " lxn]
af3 b]lvg] df};d ePsf]n] ko{6ssf]
;Î\of a9\g] ljZjf; 5 .Ú
o;}aLr, ;f]daf/ laxfg lrtjg
/fli6«o lgs'~hsf] s;/fdf /x]sf] uf]xL
k|hgg s]Gb|sf tLg 3l8ofn uf]xL af3n]
vfPsf] 5 . af3n] uf]xL vfPsf] oxfFsf]
of] klxnf] 36gf xf] . b'O{ af3 h'wk] l5
3fOt] ag]sf] af3n] k|hgg s]Gb|df /x]sf
uf]xL vfPsf] xf] . lgs'~hsf ;"rgf
clwsf/L u0f]zk|;fb ltjf/Lsf cg';f/
3fOt] af3n] lzsf/ ug{ g;s]kl5
dflg; l5g]{ u/]sf] s]xL xf]rf] kvf{n
gf3]/ k|hgg s]Gb| l5/]sf] xf] . oxfF /x]sf
cGbfhL !@ jif{sf dfp uf]xL vfPsf]
pxfFn] hfgsf/L lbP . laxfgsf] ;dodf
af3n] uf]xL vfPsf] xf] . uf]xL vfg] af3
cGbfhL !@ jif{sf] efn] xf] . ;"rgf
clwsf/L ltjf/Ln] eGg'eof], …af3n] uf]xL
vfPsf] d}n] ;'gs ] f] klxnf] 36gf xf] .Ú
uf]xL vfPkl5 af3nfO{ …8f6Ú{ u/]/
lgoGq0fdf lnO{ afFs] k7fOPsf] 5 . ;f]
lbg kfgL k/]sfn] l9nf] u/L sd{rf/L
k| h gg s] G b| uPsfn] af3sf]
cfqmd0faf6 ar]sf lyP . af3n]
cfqmd0f u/L 3fOt] uf]xLnfO{ af3 ePsf]
:yfg glhs nu]/ /fvL vfg cfPsf]
;dodf af3nfO{ lgoGq0fdf lnOPsf]
xf] . o;cl3 afFsa] f6 Pp6f af3 oxfF
NofOPsf] lyof] . oxfF vf]/ vfnL gePkl5
afFs] k7fOPsf] xf] . xfn ;f}/fxfdf b'O{ /
s;/fdf b'O{ af3 vf]/df 5g\\ .
ljsn] of] Joj:yf hgtfsf] gePsf] / of]
Joj:yfsf lj?4 ;Dk"0f{ o'jf ljBfyL{n] ca
lg0ff{os ;+3if{ ug]{ a]nf cfPsf] atfPsf
lyP eg] clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ sf7df8f}s F f
OGrfh{ nlnhª adn] sf7df8f}dF f z}lIfs
dflkmoflj?4 ca ;+3if{ 5]8g\ ] / cfhsf
lbgdf lzIff hgtfsf] kx'r F df g/x]sf]
;+ljwfgdf cfwf/e"t / dfWolds txsf]
lzIff lgMz'Ns / clgjfo{ eg]/ pNn]lvt
u/]sf] t/ sfo{Gjog gu/]sf]n] To;nfO{
nfu" ug{ ca clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ ;8s
;+3if{ ug]{ 3f]if0ff u/]sf lyP .
g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf s]lGb|o ;b:o
tyf sf7df8f}F lhNnf OGrfh{ dfOnf nfdfsf]
k|dv' cfltYotfdf / clvn -qmflGtsf/L_
sf pkfWoIf g/]Gb| ljs, ;+u7gsf dxf;lrj
nlnt ljs, pkTosf ljz]if If]q OGrfh{
c6n, clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ sf7df8f}F lhNnf
OGrfh{ nlnthª ad / cGo cltly
kf6L{ s]lGb|o ;b:o cfhfb, o'jf ;+u7g
g]kfnsf] dxf;lrj ljb'ifL, lhNnf ;]qm]6/L
clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ b}nv] åf/f ;+u7g lj:tf/
sf7df8f}F . clvn -qmflGtsf/L_
b}nv] n] cleofgsf] qmddf ;+u7g
lj:tf/ u/]sf] 5 . b}nv ] lhNnfsf]
7fF6Lsfw ufpFkflnsfsf] j8f g+ % sf]
dflnsf dfWolds ljBfnodf clvn-
qmflGtsf/L_ s]Gb|Lo ;b:o pbo/fd
ljZjsdf{sf] pkl:yltdf zld{nf yfkfsf]
g]tT[ jdf @* ;b:oLo dflj d'n O{sfO
;ldlt u7g ul/Psf] 5 . xfn} nlntk'/
cbfntaf6 # a'bF ] ;xdlt ljkl/t kf6L{
g]tfx?sf] gfddf k|sfp k'hL{ hf/L ul/g'
if8\oGq ePsf] s'/f pNn]v ub}{ rf/
sDo'lg:6 kf6L{n] wf]if0ff u/]sf] ebf} &
ut]sf] g]kfn aGbnfO{ lhNnfdf k|efjsf/L
jgfpg lhNnfsf Jokf/L, Joj;foL,
gful/s ;dfh, kqsf/nufot ;Dk"0f{
hgtfx?nfO{ ;xof]usf nflu clkn
ul/Psf] / kf6L{sf] gjf}F P]ltxfl;s
dfxflwj]zgsf] tof/Ldf ufpF, gu/ /
jf8{df kf6L{ ;Fu7g / hgjuL{o ;+u7g
;'b9[ ug{ / k|rf/k|;f/;Fu} dxflwj]zg
;xof]u cleofg ;~rfng ul/Psf]
hfgsf/L g]skf b}nv ] sf ;]qm]6/L snd
ljZjsdf{ -lbk]Gb|_n] lbP .
;Dd]ng ug]{ lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 . pQm
a}7sn] hgs zfxLsf] ;+of]hsTjdf
@% ;b:oLo cfof]hs ;ldtL u7g
ul/Psf] hgfOPsf] 5 .
pQm a}7sdf clvn -qmflGtsf/L_
nlntk' / lhNnf ;+ o f] h s hgs
zfxLsf] cWoIftf Pad kf6L{sf s]lGb|o
;b:o tyf nlntk'/ lhNnf OGrfh{
lxtdfgsf] k|dv' cfltYotf, ;Ë7gsf
s]lGb|o pkfWoIf g/]Gb| la=s=sf]
lalzi6 cfltYotf, Pad kf6L{sf
lhNnf ;lrj nlntsf] ljz] i f
cfltYotf /x]sf] lyof] . o;}u/L,
cltlyx?df ;Ë7gsf s] l Gb| o
;lrjfno ;b:o Pad pkTosf
ljz]if If]q OGrfh{ c6n zdf{, Pad
;Ë7gsf s]lGb|o ;b:o tyf nlntk'/
lhNnf OGrfh{ lgud e08f/L, kf6L{sf
dxfgu/ ;lrj dx]z ahf{rfo{,
uf] b fj/L gu/sf ;lrj df] x g
l;jfsf]6L /x]sf lyP .
 @)&( ;fn ebf} % ut] cfOtaf/
;ftfsf] s'/fsfgL
) hgo'4sf] cfFlwdo k|lqmof x'Fb}
zflGt k|lqmof / PsLs[t qmflGtsf]
lg/Gt/ k|lqmofdf x'g'x'G5, oL
tLgj6} sfnv08sf km/s km/s
ef]ufO{ / ljz]iftf klg xf]nfg\ .
;du|df oL k|lqmofsf cg'el" tx?
s;/L JoSt ug'{x'G5 <
oL tLgj6} sfnv08sf cf–cfˆg}
ljz]iftf / ef]ufO{ 5g\\, Tof] :jefljs
klg xf] . hgo'4sf] cfkgf] ljz]iftf /
dxTj 5 . hgo'4 tTsflng lg/+s'z
/fhtGqfTds Joj:yfnfO{ cGTo u/]/
gofF hgjfbL /fHoJoj:yf lgdf{0f ug{]
nIo;lxt z'? eof] . kf6L{sf] ;r]t
kxn / hg;d'bfosf] ;fyn] /fHo
Joj:yfsf] j}slNks /fhgLlts ljrf/,
;dfgfGt/ ;+ / rgfx? hg;/sf/,
hgd'lSt ;]gf cflb lgdf{0f eP .
/fhgLlts / kmf}hL ;+3if{sf cg]sf}+
z[+vnfx? ;lxt s]Gb|Lo ;Qfdflysf]
lg0ff{os ;+3if{sf] lgs6 k'Ubf kf6L{ !@
a'bF ] ;xdlt / )^@ . ^# sf] P]ltxfl;s
hgcfGbf]ng;lxt zflGt k|lqofdf
cfOk'Uof] .
zflGt k| l qmofaf/] ;} 4 flGts
dfGotfx? km/s 5nkmnsf] ljifo xf] .
t}klg zflGt k|lqmofsf] ;'?jftL r/0f
cyf{ t klxnf] ;+ l jwfg ;ef;Dd
;fdfGotof 7Ls} /x\of] . To;df b]zsf
ljleGg pTkLl8t ju{, If]q / ;d'bfosf]
k|ltlgTj /x\of] . gofF ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf
;Gbe{df s:tf] lsl;dsf] ;+ljwfg
agfpg] eGg] ;jfndf km/s km/s
/fhgLlts ljrf/, wf/0ff / :jfy{x?
6s/fpg yfNof] . Tof] km/s / gofF
lsl;dsf] ju{ ;+3if{sf] l:ylt aGof] .
xfdLdf ;+ljwfg ;efdfkm{t\ ljutsf]
hgo'4 / P]ltxfl;s hgcfGbf]ngdf
JoSt hgefjgf cg'?k ax';+Vos
>lds hg;d'bfosf] kIfdf ;+ljwfg
aGg'k5{ eGg] wf/0ff /x\of] . xfdL
pTkLl8t ju{, If]q, ln+u, ;d'bfosf]
clwsf/ ;'lglZrt ug{] ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f
rfxGYof+} . c? zlStx? oyf;So
oyfl:yltd} jf sd ;'wf/sf] ;+ljwfg
agfpg rfxGy] . ToxL ;+3if{sf] qmddf
klxnf] ;+ljwfg ;ef lj36g eof] .
To;aLr kf6L{ / g]tT[ jtxaf6 sltko
u+eL/ gLltut uNtL x'g k'u] . h;n]
hgo'4 / l;+uf] qmflGtsf/L ;+3if{nfO{
;+:yfut ug{ r'Sof] . ;du|df g]kfnL
qmflGt ;+emf}tf / s]xL ;'wf/df ;Lldt
x'g k'Uof] .
kf6L{ cGt/;+3if{ kZrft xfdL gofF
kf6L{ u7g k'gu{7gsf] k|lqmof a9\of] .
clxn] xfdL PsLs[t hgqmflGtsf]
sfo{lbzf;lxt j}1flgs ;dfhjfb
:yfkgf ug{] p2]Zo;lxt cl3 al9/x]sf
5f+} .
o;/L oL tLg} k|lqmofsf km/s kf6f
kIfx? /x]sf 5g\\ . To;}n] logLx?sf]]
ljz]iftf, dxTj, ef]ufO{sf] leGgfleGg}
cg'e"ltx? x'g] u/]sf] 5 . t/, klg oL
lsl;dsf ;+3if{ rfx] hgo'4 xf];\,
;+ljwfg ;efsf] ;+3if{ xf];\, kf6L{
cGt/;+3if{sf] ;jfn xf];\ jf PsLs[t
hgqmflGtsf] ;Gbe{df xf];\, d cfkgf]
tkm{ a f6 d] / f] Ifdtf / a' e mfO{ s f
cfwf/df ;a} k|lqmofsf] qmddf /fi6« /
>dhLlj hg;d'bfosf] kIfdf b[9tfk"js { k|lta4tfsf] kl/0ffd xf] . h]n a|]s
pleg] k|of; u/]+ eGg] cg'e"lt x'G5 .
) hgo'4 / PsLs[t hgqmflGtsf]
ofqfnfO{ Ps cfk;df bfF h ] /
x]bf{ 5'6o\ fP/ x]bf{ s] b]Vg' x'G5 <
cl3 elg;s]+ hgo'4 tTsflng
/fhtGqfTds ;+;bLo Joj:yfsf] cGTo
/ gofF hgjfbL Joj:yf cyf{ t
hgu0ftGq :yfkgfsf] p2]Zo;lxt
cf/De ePsf] lyof] . of] ;fdfGotM
dfn]dfdf cfwfl/t ljz]if u/L rLlgof
qmflGtdf ;kmn k|of]u ePsf] dfcf]jfb,
bL3{sflng hgo'4sf] /fhgLlts / ;}Go
/0fgLltdf cfwfl/t qmflGt lyof] . t/,
g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ g]t[Tj qmflGtaf6
ljrlnt eO{ ;xdlt / ;Demf}tfjfbL
gLlt lnPkl5 hgo'4sf] k"0f{ nIo k"/f
xfl;n x'g ;s]g . oBlk s]xL cf+lzs
;'wf/ / dxTjk"0f{ pknlAw cjZo k|fKt
ePsf 5g\ \ . d' n ?kdf ;+ ; bLo
u0ftGqdf ;Lldt x'g k'Uof] . h;n]
/fi6« / cfdhgtfsf] ;d:of ;dfwfg
;+ej lyPg / ePg klg . xfdLn]
qmflGtnfO{ gofF ;Gbe{ ;lxt cl3
a9fpg' kg{] cfjZjostf b]Vof}+ . t/,
ljutsf] /fli6« o / cGt/f{ l i6« o
kl/l:yltsf] cfwf/df hgo'4sf] gLlt
;xL eP klg jt{dfg ljZj kl/j]z /
ab\lnPsf] /fli6«o j:t'ut cj:yfdf
hgo'4sf] x'ax' oflGqs k'g/fj[lt ;xL
/ ;fGble{s x'bF g} . To;}n] xfd|f] kf6L{n]
qmflGtsf] gofF /0fgLlt / ljlw;lxt
PsLs[t hgqmflGtsf] sfo{lbzf ljsf;
ub{} cl3 a9p:]sf] 5 . nIosf] b[li6n]
hgo'4sf] p2]ZonfO{ k"/f ug'{sf ;fy}
;j{xf/f, >dhLlj ls;fg dhb'/ dfq
d'lStsf] ljifo geO{ clxn] ;d:of
em]ln/x]sf] dWod ju{, k]zfsdL{ tyf
/fli6«o k'hF Lklt ju{;d]tsf] lxt ;+/If0f
ug{] ljifo PsLs[t hgqmflGtsf] /x]sf]
5 . Tof] j}1flgs ;dfhjfbaf6 ;+ej
5 eGg] xfd|f] lgisif{ xf] . g]kfnsf] ;a}
cfGbf] n g / qmflGtsf] cfk;df
cGt/;DaGw eP klg of] gofF kl/j]zdf
gofF qmflGtsf] km/s sfo{lbzf xf] .
) tkfO{ + s f] /fhgLlts ofqf
P] l txfl;s h] n a| ] s ;F u klg
hf]l8G5 lg < Tof] s] lyof] <
uf]/vf h]n a]|s g]kfnL qmflGtsf]
pkh xf] . qmflGtsf bf}/fg x'g] ljleGg
dxTjk"0f{ ;s/fTds 36gf dWo] Pp6f
uf}/jk"0f{ ljifo xf] . of] @)%& ;fn
r}t !& ut] /ftL tTsflng uf]/vf
sf/fuf/df /x]sf ^ hgf dlxnfx?n]
;'?ª vg]/ d'St ePsf] ;kmn of]hgf
lyof] . Tof] qmflGtsf/L ljrf/åf/f
clek]|l/t x'Fb} nfdf] ;dosf] d]xgt /
vt/f df]Ng] cfF6sf] kl/0ffd lyof] .
g]t[Tjsf] ?kdf dnfO{ Tof] P]ltxfl;s
e"ldsf k|fKt eof] / klg To;sf]
;kmntfsf nflu To; hf]lvdk"0f{
sfo{df xf]ldg] ;a} sd/]x? s= sdnf
gxsL{ ;kgf, dLgf d/x7\7f, ;~h'
cof{n, /Ltf lj=s=/ Pl~hnf ljZjsdf{
;a}sf] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf / lhDd]jf/L
/x]sf]5 . oL dWo] b'O{hgf s= dLgf /
s= Pl~hnf zlxb eO;Sg' ePsf] 5 .
b]zeQmx¿sf] a[xt\ /fli6«o df]rf{ cfhsf] cfjZostf xf]
xfdL PsLs[t hgqmflGtsf] sfo{lbzf;lxt j}1flgs ;dfhjfb :yfkgf ug{] p2]Zo;lxt cl3 al9/x]sf 5f+} .
)))
hgo'4sf] p2]ZonfO{ k"/f ug'{sf ;fy} ;j{xf/f, >dhLlj ls;fg dhb'/ dfq d'lStsf] ljifo geO{ clxn]
;d:of em]ln/x]sf] dWod ju{, k]zfsdL{ tyf /fli6«o k'FhLklt ju{;d]tsf] lxt ;+/If0f ug{] ljifo PsLs[t
hgqmflGtsf] /x]sf] 5 . Tof] j}1flgs ;dfhjfbaf6 ;+ej 5 eGg] xfd|f] lgisif{ xf] .
)))
uf]/vf h]n a]|s g]kfnL qmflGtsf] pkh xf] . qmflGtsf bf}/fg x'g] ljleGg dxTjk"0f{
;s/fTds 36gf dWo] Pp6f uf}/jk"0f{ ljifo xf] .
)))
ljZj :t/d} k'FhLjfbsf] gofF ljsNk vf]hL eO/x]sf] 5 . of] ljZjJofkL ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{ gofF o'ucg'?ksf]
j}1flgs ;dfhjfb o;sf] ljsNk x'g ;S5 .
)))
km'6af/] kf6L{ s]Gb|sf] !# cf+} k"0f{ a}7saf6 kfl/t k|ltj]bgdf elgPsf]5— æleqL sf/0f eg]sf] ;'bz{g– s~rgdf
ju{;+3if{, qmflGt, g]kfnL ljz]iftfsf] PsLs[t hgqmflGt / o;sf /0fgLlt / sfo{gLlt a'‰g] / k|of]u ug{]df /x]sf]
sdhf]/L ;fy} To;af6 k}bf ePsf] cfly{s Pj+ ;+u7gfTds ljrng d'Vo xf] .Æ
)))
gjf+} dxflwj]zg gof“ qmflGtsf/L phf{sf] dxflwj]zg aGg]5 .
uf]/vf h]n a]|s ;fd'lxs Pstf / lglZrt JolStsf] xftdf s]lGb|t x'bF 5 } g\\
/ ;j{;fwf/0fsf] s'/} 5f]8f}+ ljZjs}
cfkm}dF f qmflGtsf/L ljrf/ / Jojxf/sf] k'FhLklt / Joj;foLx? klg ;+s6df
k|of]u xf], h;df hgo'4sf] phf{ / k'u]sf 5g\\ . wgL / ul/aLsf] vf8n
hg;d'bfosf] k|]/0ff cGt/lglxt 5 . tLa|?kn] al9/x]sf] pgLx?s} tYof+sx?n]
uf]/vf h]n a|s ] nfO{ qmflGtsf/L ljrf/ b]vfO /x]sf 5g\\ . o;n] ljZj :t/d}
/ efjgfsf] pRr ;+of]hg, lj1fg / k'h
F Ljfbsf] gofF ljsNk vf]hL eO/x]sf]
snfsf] plrt ;+of]hgsf] ?kdf :d/0f 5 . of] ljZjJofkL ;d:of ;dfwfg
ug{ ;lsG5 . o;df Odfgbf/L, pRr ug{ gofF o' u cg' ? ksf] j} 1 flgs
;fx; / alnbfgL efjgfsf] ;+s]Gb|0f ;dfhjfb o;sf] ljsNk x'g ;S5 .
lyof] , h;sf] tTsflng p2] Z o o;y{ jt{dfg ljZj l:ylt ;dfhjfbL
ef}lts?kdf qmflGtdf ;xefuL aGg] qmflGtsf] nflu cg'sn " tftkm{ hfb}5 .
tTk/tf lyof] . ljZj qmflGtdf h]n ) s]xL ;do cl3 tkfO{s + f] kf6L{af6
a]|ssf cg]sf}+ 36gfx? 5g\\ . uf]/vf s~rg / ;'bz{g km'6]/ hfFbf
h]n a|s ] sf] ;Gbe{df dlxnfx? dfqsf] kf6L{df clwe"tjfbL Psdgfjfb
kxn / ;xeflutf x'g' P]ltxfl;s ;+of]u / ;+;bLo ;+zf]wgjfb xfjL ePsf]
/ yk ljlzi6 kIf xf] . uf]/vf h]n ts{ u/]sf] b]lvof] . pgLx?n]
a|s] sf ;a} ;xof]4fx?nfO{ ;Ddfgk"js { tkfO{ + x ?sf] kf6L{ k | l t nufPsf]
;Demb} pSt sfo{nfO{ :yflkt ug{,] x/]s cf/f] k nfO{ ;+ l IfKtdf s;/L
jif{ r}q !& nfO{ h]n a|]s lbj;sf] l6Kk0fL ug{'x'G5 <
?kdf dgfpg] kf6L{ / ;+u7gx?, xf], pgLx?n] cf/f]k nufPsf 5g\\,
xfdLnfO{ ;Ddfg, dfof / ;b\efj JoSt To;df d}n] w]/} cgf}7f] dfg]sL 5}g .
ug{] ;Dk"0f{ g]t[Tj, ;xsdL{, ;+3 ;+:yf lsgeg] /xFbf a:bf ;a} 7Ls eGg]
/ hg;d'bfok|lt cfef/L 5f+} . km'6\gf ;fy eP gePsf cg]sf}F cf/f]k
) tkfO{+sf] kf6L{n] cfhsf] ljZj nufpg], cfk"mnfO{ 7Ls b]vfpg c?nfO{
ax'w|'jLo lbzfdf cufl8 a9]sf], unt b]vfpg] ljifo sDo'lgi6x?sf] /f]u
ljZj zlSt ;Gt'ngdf x]/km]/sf] g} ag]sf] 5 . pxfFx?n] nufPsf] cf/f]kdf
;Defjgf /x] s f] / o;n] s'g} ;Totf 5}g . To;sf] s'g} cfwf/
;dfhjfbLdf cg' s " n tf yKg] klg 5}g . dnfO{ cfZrfo{ s'g s'/fdf
JofVof u/]sf] kfOof] . vf;df nfu]sf] 5 eg] afx|f}+ k"0f{ a}7s cl3;Dd
of] eg]sf] s] xf] < xfd|f] kf6L{sf] g]t[Tj, ljrf/, of]hgf
cjZo g} ljZo kl/j]zdf gofF ;a} ;f]x|}cfgf 7Ls 5 eg]/ cg]sf}+
kl/l:ylt ljsf; x'Fb} uO/x]sf] 5 . JofVof ug'{x'GYof] . pSt a}7s nuQ}
ljutsf] cd]l/sf / tTsflng ;f]leot dlxgf klg gk'Ub} km'6;Dd k'Ug' eof]
;+3 g]tT[ jsf] b'O{ w|j' Lo ljZjsf] 6s/fj / PsfPs ;a} unt eGg yfNg' eof],
clg zLto'4sf] h'g cj:yf lyof], 7" n f–7" n f ;+ Z n] i f0f / gs/fTds
;f]leotsf] lj36gkZrft Tof] l:ylt lgisif{;lxt cf/f]k nufpg' eof] .
cGTo ePsf] lyof] / cd]l/sL jr{Zjsf] s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf] !@ cf}+ k"0f{ a}7sdf
Ps w'j| Lo ljZjsf] l:ylt lgdf{0f eof] . :yfgLo lgjf{ r g k| o f] u af/] ax;
s] x L ;do cl3;Dd cd] l /sL 5nkmn eof] . hgjfbL cfwf/df Jofks
:jfy{lj?4 s;}n] r'OSs ug{] cj:yf ax;kl5 ;j{;Ddtaf6} lg0f{o ePsf]
lyPg . t/, kl5Nnf] ;dofjlwdf cGo xf], To;df pxfFx? klg s;}sf] ljdlt
b]zx?n] tLa| ljsf; ub{} cfP . rLg lyPg . kf6L{ k'm6af/] r'gfjL sfo{gLlt
klxnf] cfly{s dxfzlQmsf] cj:yfdf eGg] b]lvP klg pxfFx?sf] ultljlwn]
k'u]sf]5 . ef/t, hfkfg cflb b]zx? h;/L klg km'6g] ;'lgof]lht km'6jfbL
gofF cfly{s zlQmsf] ?kdf cfO{/x]sf ;f]r b]lvof] . pxfFx?sf] cf/f]k oyfy{df
5g\\ . ?;n] cfk"mnfO{ k'g;{+ul7t u/]/ eGbf klg cfu|x k"jf{ux| af6 u|l;t ePsf]
k|lt:kwf{df cfOk'us ] f] 5 . hfkfg, ef/t, b]lvG5 . ;fFRr} pxfFx?n] qmflGt g} ug{]
a|flhn, O/fg, ci6«]lnof, hd{gLn] eP o; lsl;dsf] b' Z dgLk" 0 f{
;+o'St /fi6« ;+3sf] :yfoL ;'/Iff ufnLunf} h df cfpg' kb} { g Yof] .
kl/ifbdf cfkgf] bfjL ul//x]sf 5g\\ . pxfFx?sf] km'6af/] kf6L{ s]Gb|sf] !# cf+}
o;/L cd]l/sfsf] Ps5q babafdf cGo k" 0 f{ a} 7 saf6 kfl/t k| l tj] b gdf
b]zx?n] r'gf}lt lbg] cj:yfdf k'u]sf elgPsf] 5 — æleqL sf/0f eg] s f]
5g\\ . cd]l/sL :jfy{df dfq ljZj rNb}g ;'bz{g– s~rgdf ju{;+3if{, qmflGt,
eGg] s'/f t ckm\uflg:tfgaf6 cd]l/sf g]kfnL ljz]iftfsf] PsLs[t hgqmflGt
kl5 x6\g' k/]sf] 36gf, ?;– o'qm]g / o;sf /0fgLlt / sfo{gLlt a'‰g] /
o'4 cflbn] klg b]vfO/x]sf 5g\\ . o;n] k|of]u ug{]df /x]sf] sdhf]/L ;fy}
s] :ki6 x'G5 eg] ca Ps w|j' Lo ljZj To;af6 k} b f ePsf] cfly{ s Pj+
l:yltsf] cGTo x'Fb}5 . zlQm /fi6«x?s} ;+u7gfTds ljrng d'Vo xf] .Æ
cGt/lj/f]w gofF 9+un] a9\b} uPsf]5 / ) tkfO{x? kf6L{sf] gjf+} dxflwj]zg
zlSt /fi6«x? w|j' Ls[t x'g] cj:yf ag]sf] cfufdL c;f] h !–* ut] ; Dd
5 . o;n] ljZj Ps w|a' Loaf6 ax'wj'| Lo sf7df8f+}df ub{} x'g'xG5 . gjf+}
cj:yftkm{ a9\b}5 . csf{] dxTjk"0f{ dxflwj] z g ljutsf c?
ljifo jt{dfg e"d08nLs[t ljZjdf dxflwj]zgeGbf s] s'/fdf leGg
k'FhLjfbL /fHo Joj:yf tyf pbf/ / xf]nf eGg] nfU5 < cyjf gjf+}
gjpbf/jfbL cy{ J oj:yfn] ljZj dxflwj]zgdf j}rfl/s /0fgLlts,
;d'bfosf] ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{ c;kmn cfly{s / ;+u7gfTds b[li6n]
eO;s]sf] 5 . ljZje/Ls} k'FhL s]xL ax;sf ljifo s]–s] x'g ;S5g\\ <
pdf e'h]n ‘lzn'’
dxflwj]zg s'g} klg /fhgLlts
kf6L{sf] ;jf{lws dxTjk"0f{ ljifo xf] . of]
kf6L{sf] ;jf{R] r lgsfo klg xf] . dxflwj]zg
cfkm} F d f j} r fl/s, ;+ u 7gfTds
s]lGb|s/0f;lxtsf] dxf]T;j klg xf] .
cfufdL gjf} + dxflwj] z g cl3sf
dxflwj]zgsf t'ngfdf s]xL ;dfgtf /
s]xL yk leGg dxTjsf ;fy ;DkGg
x'g5] . ljut kfFr jif{sf] ;dLIff tyf
g]t[Tj;lxt gofF ;f+u7lgs ;+/rgf
lgdf{0fsf] kIf ;a} dxflwj]zgsf] ;dfg
ljifo x'g\ . leGgtfsf] ;Gbe{df kf6L{sf]
PsLs[t hgqmflGtsf] sfo{lbzfnfO{ yk
ljsl;t / ;d[4 ug{5] . Tof] eg]sf] ;f/df
jt{dfg ljZj / g]kfnsf] j:t'ut ljZn]if0f
u/L s;/L qmflGt ;Dej ug{ ;lsG5
eGg] /0fgLlt ljsf; ug{ h?/L 5 . of] g}
d'Vo kIf xf] . o;sf nflu xfn;Dd k|of]u
ePsf /0fgLltsf] ;dLIff ub{} cfhsf]
;Gbe{df j}1flgs sfo{lbzf ljsf; ug'{
xf] . o; qmddf s]xL dxTjk"0f{ bfz{lgs,
/fhgLlts, cfly{s / ;+u7gfTds
kl/rfng;Fu ;DalGwt ljifox?df gofF
dfGotf ljsf; / ;+Zn]if0fsf nflu ax;
s]lGb|t x'g5] . ljZj sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngsf
cEof; ePsf qmflGtsf df]8n ] , xfn;Dd
k|of]u eO/x]sf] ;+u7gsf] l;4fGt /
ljutdf ;dfhjfbL Joj:yfdf ePsf
/fhgLlts k|0ffnL / cy{Joj:yfsf ;Ldf
sdhf]/Lsf] ;dLIff;lxt bz{g, /fhgLlts
sfo{lbzf, cy{Joj:yf, ;+u7g / ;+:s[lt
cflb ljifodf ;do;fk]If ljsf; tyf
gofF ljsNk k|:t't ug'k{ g{] cfjZostf
ePsf] 5 . ;fy} g]kfndf j}bl] zs x:tIf]k
tLa|| eO/x]sf] jt{dfg l:yltdf /fli6«o
;fj{ef}ldstf /Iffsf] ;jfn klg d'Vo
alg/x]sf] 5 . To;sf nflu a[xt\ /fli6«o
df]rf{ cfhsf] cfjZostf xf] . ljZjJofkL
/ g] k fnsf] cfly{ s ;+ s 6n] s] x L
wgf9\oafx]s ;Dk"0f{ hg;d'bfodf
hLjgofkgs} ;d:of eO;s]sf] 5 . o;sf]
;dfwfg s;/L lbg ;lsG5 < oL /
hgtfsf] b}lgs hLjgofkg;Fu ;DalGwt
;a} ljifox? xfd|f] dxflwj]zgsf ljifo
x'g5 ] g\\ . ;du|df xfd|f] gjf+} dxflwj]zg
gofF qmflGtsf/L phf{sf] dxflwj]zg
aGg]5 .
) clnslt km/s k|;+udf hfpmF,
g]kfnsf] sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ng /
dlxnf d' l Stsf] cfGbf] n g;F u }
p7fg ePsf] b]lvG5 . o;nfO{
kms] { / x] b f{ oxfF s f] dlxnf
cfGbf]ng sxfF 5 h:tf] nfU5 <
g]kfndf dlxnf pTkL8gsf] nfdf]
cjlw eP klg /fhgLlts ?kn] dlxnf
d'lQm cfGbf]ng cfkm}dF f ljz'4 dlxnfsf]
ljifodf s]Gb|Lt eP/ p7fg ePsf] geO{
/f0ff zf;g lj/f]wL ;+3if{sf] qmddf ljsf;
ePsf] b]lvG5 . To;cl3 ;fdflhs
;f+:s[lts lje]bsf] lj/f]wdf of]udfof
cflbsf] Ps k|sf/sf] ljb|fx] pNn]Vo 5g\\ .
/f0ff zf;glj?4 ;+3if{sf qmddf k|hf
kl/ifb, g]kfnL sfFu;] | / lj=;=@))^ ;fndf
g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf] :yfkgfkl5
tTsflng g]kfn dlxnf ;+3 / clvn
g]kfn dlxnf ;+3sf] :yfkgf / lqmoflzntf
b]lvG5 . dlxnf d'lStsf] ;jfn d'Vo?kn]
n}lus clwsf/sf] ?kdf a'lemP klg n}lus
3
pTkL8g cfkm}d F f cnu ljifo geO{
lkt[;QfTds /fHo / ;dfhsf] kl/0ffd
xf] . lkt[;QfTds /fHo Joj:yf /
;dfhdf ljBdfg /fhgLlts, cfly{s,
;fdflhs / ;fF : s[ l ts ?kn]
dlxnfx?dfly ePsf] pTkL8gsf] s]lGb|t
?k ePsf]n] dlxnf d'lSt eGg' klg tL
;a} lsl;dsf pTkL8g / lje]baf6 d'lSt
xf] . dlxnf d'lSt / clwsf/sf] ljifodf
xfn;Dd ljleGg cjwf/0ff / l;4fGtx?
/x]sf 5g\\ . To;} cg';f/ cg]sf+} ;+u7g
/ ;+:yfx? lqmoflzn 5g\\ . xfdL ;dfhdf
/x]sf ;a} lsl;dsf] lje]b / c;dfgtfsf]
lj?4 cyjf juL{o lje]bsf lj?4
;dfgtfsf] kIfw/ ePsfn] dlxnf d'lStsf]
cfGbf]ngdf dlxnf ju{sf] g]tT[ jbfoL
e"ldsf / ;r]t k'?if ju{sf] ;xsfo{
clgjfo{ 7fGb5f+} .
g]kfndf dlxnf clwsf/sf ;jfndf
k|dv' ?kn] dlxnfnfO{ /fhgLlts cfly{s
/ ;fF:s[lts ;a} If]qdf ;dfg clwsf/
:yflkt eO;s]sf] 5}g . cem dlxnf
pTkL8g / lje]bsf] :j?k ablnPsf
5g\\ . hgo'4 / ljleGg cfGbf]ngsf]
andf u0ftGqsf] :yfkgf kl5 dlxnf
clwsf/af/] ;r]tgf, lqmofzLntf
;dfj]zL, ;dfg'kflts clwsf/sf
ljifox?df s]xL pNn]Vo clwsf/ k|fKt
ePsf 5g\\ . Tof] ;s/fTds kIf xf] .
dlxnf clwsf/sf ;jfndf s]xL ;'wf/
/ pknlAw eP klg tL kof{Kt 5}gg\ .
;+ljwfg / sfg'gd} ePsf ;Lldt
clwsf/ / k|ltlglwTj klg Jojxf/df
sfof{Gjog x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . /fHosf
;a} lgsfox? / /fhgLlts kf6L{sf gLlt
lgdf{0fsf] txdf dlxnfx?sf] ;d'lrt
;+Vofdf k|ltlglwTj x'g ;s]sf] 5}g .
o; ljifodf ;a} dlxnf g]tT[ jaLr cfk;L
;xsfo{ tyf cf–cfkgf] kf6L{df uDeL/
5nkmn rnfpg cfjZos 5 . /fHosf]
s]Gb|bl] v :yfgLo tx;Dd sfo{sf/L jf
k|dv ' lhDd]jf/Ldf s]xL ckjfbafx]s
dlxnfnfO{ jlGrt g} u/]sf] b]lvG5 .
o; lsl;dsf] lkt[;QfTds ;f]raf6 /fHo
lgsfo / /fhgLlts ?kn] gofF / ;r]t
kxn h?/L x'G5 . o;afx]s anTsf/,
n}lus lx+;f, bfOhf] k|yf / gs/fTds
kl/0ffd, j}bl] zs /f]huf/;Fu ;DalGwt
;d:of emg} j[l4 eO/x]sf t:5g\,
a] / f] h uf/L, ;dfg Hofnf tyf
sfo{If]qx?df x'g] ;d:of a9]sf 5g\,\ .
ljutsf /fhgLlts cfGbf]ng / qmflGtdf
of]ubfg u/]sf t/ clxn] ckdflgt /
;8sdf k'us ] f dlxnf g]tT[ j, sfo{stf{,
3fOt], ckfË dlxnfx?sf] ;d:of ljlzi6
k|sl[ tsf] 5 . dlxnfx?;DaGwL cl3b]lv
;+rflnt ;+3if{sf ljifoj:t' / gofF
ljsl;t ;d:of, pTkLl8g / lje]bsf
:j?kx?af/] /fhgLlts, Joj;flos,
>lds, ;'/Iffnufot If]qdf lqmoflzn
dlxnfx?aLr ;d:of klxrfg / s]lGb|t
ub}{ 5nkmn cGt/lqmof, ;xsfo{ /
;s];Dd km/flsnf] ;+oS' t d~r jf df]rf{
lgdf{0f u/L dlxnf cfGbf]ngnfO{ gofF
ljifo j:t' / ;dfwfg k|:t't ug'{ h?/L
5 . ;du|df gofF ljifosf cfwf/df dlxnf
cfGbf]ngnfO{ ;+ul7t ub{} gofF prfO{df
p7fpg' cfhsf] cfjZostf xf] .
 4 @)&( ;fn ebf} % cfOtaf/
b]ze/sf lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nodfkm{t\ ;/sf/ / g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{aLr
sf7df8f}F . g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{;lxt $ sDo'lg:6
kf6L{n] k"j{3f]lift ;+3if{sf sfo{qmdcGtu{t cfh -efb| !
ut]_ b]zJofkL?kdf lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nodfkm{t\
k|wfgdGqLnfO{ 1fkgkq a'emfPsf 5g\ . g]skf;lxt $
sDo'lg:6 kf6L{n] b]pjf g]tT[ jsf] u7aGwg ;/sf/n] u/]sf]
/fi6«3ftL Pd;L;L ;+emf}tf, g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{;uF ePsf]
# aF'b] ;xdltsf] pNn‹g, g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf
dxf;lrj ljKnjnufotsf g]tf– sfo{stf{x?lj?4 hf/L
u/]sf] kqmfp k'hL{, dxËL / e|i6frf/sf] lj?4 r/0fa4
;+3ifsf{ sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng ub}{ cfPsf lyP o;}
l;nl;nfdf cfh pgLx?n] b]zJofkL?kdf lhNnf k|zf;g
sfof{nodfkm{t\ k|wfgdGqLnfO{ 1fkgkq a'emfPsf x'g .
o;}qmddf, g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{;lxt $ sDo'lg:6
kf6L{ n ] lhNnf k| z f;g sfof{ n o sf7df8f} F d fkm{ t \
k|wfgdGqLnfO{ 1fkgkq a'emfPsf 5g\ . g]skfsf
dxf;lrjnufotsf g]tf, sfo{stf{x?sf] lj?4 pRr
cbfnt kf6gn] hf/L u/]sf] ksfp k'hL{ vf/]h ug{'kg]{
dfu /fVb} lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nodfkm{t\ ;+o'Qm rf/
sDo'lg:6 kf6L{n] 1fkgkq a'emfOPsf x'g\ . ;+oQ ' m la/f]w
¥ofnL;lxt lhNnf k|;f;g sfof{no k'us ] f] g]skf sf7df8f}F
lhNnf ;]qm]6/L / g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ ;dfhjfbLsf
sf7df8f}F lhNnfsf g]tf slkn l;+hfkltn] dfu kq k9]/
;'gfPsf lyP . pQm sfo{qmdnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{ g]skf
sf7df8f}F ;]qm]6/L t'n;Lgf/fo0fn] eg]– …ljut s]xL jif{bl] v
Pd;L;L / P;kLkL cfGbf]ng ub}{ cfPsf] / dxFuLsf
lj?4 hgtfgsf] nflu cfjfh p7fpFbf s] xfdLn] uNtL
u/]sf 5f}+, s] xfdLn] JolQmut hLjgsf] nflu bfn eft
dfusf] xf}+ /fHosf] d'lStsf nflu n8]sf af]n]sf 5f}, of]
xfd|f} g};{lus clwsf/ xf] .Ú
b]zsf hgftf nflu xfdLn] cfGbf]ng u/]sf 5f} of]
b':dg /fHo;QfnfO{ ;}Xo ePg, Pd;L;Lsf bnfnx? of]
;Qfdf 5g\\ . of] ;Qfn] ljb]zL zlQm s]Gb|sf] lgb]z
{ gcg';f/
dxf;lrj ljKnjnufot g]tf, sfo{stf{nfO{ kqmfp k'hL{
hf/Lsf] eGb} kqmfp k'hL{ gfdsf] sfuhsf] vf]:6fn] cfk"mx?
g8/fPsf] / /fHo;QfnfO{ r'gf}tL lbPsf 5f}Ú+ dxf;lrjnfO{
kqmfp u/]/ b]vfp eGb} pgn] /fHonfO{ 7f8f] r]tfjgL
lbPsf 5g\\ . km]l/ klg /fHon] b]z b'3{6gfdf ws]n]sf] xf]
eGb} /fHonfO{ k|Zg;d]t u/]sf lyP .
o;}u/L, g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{;lxt rf/ sDo'lg:6
kf6L{n] ;o'Qm?kdf eQmk'/sf g]tf, sfo{stf{x?n]
ljKnj;lxtsf g]tfx?dfly xfn} nlntk'/ lhNnf cbfntn]
hf/L u/]sf] kqmfp k'hL{ lkmtf{sf] dfu u/]sf 5g\\ . ut
;fpg !^ ut] lhNnf cbfnt nlntk'/n] kf6L{sf
dxf;lrj ljKnj;lxt @* hgf zLif{ g]tfx?dfly #%
lbg] kqmfp k'hL{ hf/L u/]sf] lyof] . To;lj?4 lhNnf
k|zf;g sfof{no eQmk'/dfkm{t\ g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ 1fkgkq
a'emfpFb} pQm kqmfp k'hL{ lkmtf{sf] dfu u/]sf x'g\ . s]kL
cf]nL ;/sf/sf kfnfdf @)&& ;fn kmfu'g @! ut]
g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{dfly nufOPsf] k|ltaGw ;/sf/n]
lkmtf{ u/]sf] lyof] . # a'Fb] pQm ;xdlt kqdf elgPsf]
5– …g]kfn ;/sf/, g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ dflysf] k|ltaGw
x6fpg, sf/fuf/df /x]sf kf6L{sf g]tf tyf sfo{stf{x?sf]
l/xfO{ / ;Dk"0f{ d'2fx? vf/]h ug{ ;xdt ePsf] 5 .Ú
pQm tLg a'Fb] ;xdlt ljkl/t hfl/ ul/Psf] kqmfp
k'hL{nfO{ g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ nufot rf/ sDo'lg:6
kf6L{ v]bhgs, if8\oGqd"ns / d"nsnfO{ ha/h:t åGådf
ws]Ng] lgof]lht dg;fodf cflwl/t 5Ú cljnDj pQm
tLg a'Fb] ;xdltsf] kfngf ub}{ kqmfp <˜:k'hL{ lkmtf{sf]
hf]8bf/ dfu ub{5f}+ elgPsf] 5 . g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf
eQmk'/ lhNnf ;]qm]6/L ljho, g]skf zlzsnf l3d]/]
j}1flgs ;dfhjfbL sDo'lg:6 kf6L{, g]kfnsf ;'/h cf]emf,
g]skf dfcf]jfbL ;dfhjfbLsf wgs'df/L du/åf/f
x:tfIfl/t $ a'Fb] 1fkg kqdf Pdl;;L / P;kLkL
kl/of]hgfnfO{ /fi6«3ftL kl/of]hgfsf] ;+1f lbFb} rf/ sDo'lg:6
kf6L{x?n] cfGbf]ng/t /x]sf] pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . b]zdf
olt a]nf r/d d"Noj[l4 ePsf] / hgtf rsf]{ dxFuF Lsf]
df/df k/]/ si6s/ hLjg latfpg afWo ePsf] pNn]v
ub}{ d"Noj[l4 lgoGq0f ug{ dfu ;d]t ul/Psf] 5 .
;/sf/ e|:6rf/sf] bnbndf km;]sf] cf/f]k nufpFb}
Tof] /f]Sg / /fi6«lxt ljkl/tsf ;lGw ;Demf}tf vf/]h ug{
klg g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{n] dfu u/]sf] 5 . pQm 1fkg
kq a'‰b} k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L ?b|b]la zdf{ cfk"mn]
;DjlGwt lgsfodf tTsfn k7fpg] hfgsf/L lbOg .
o;}u/L, g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{;lxt $ sDo'lg:6
kf6L{ s f] ;+ o ' Q m df] r f{ n ] lhNnf k| z f;g sfof{ n o
nlntk'/dfkm{t\ k|wfgdGqLnfO{ 1fkg kq a'emfPsf] 5 .
g]skfsf s]lGb|o ;b:o tyf nlntk'/ OGrfh{ lxtdfgsf]
g]tT[ jdf uPsf] 6f]nLn] ;f] 1fkg kq a'emfPsf] xf] . 1fkg
kqdf kf6L{ dxf;lrjnufot, g]tf–sfo{stf{ lj?4 hf/L
ePsf] kqmfp k'hL{ vf/]h x'g' kg]{, /f:6«3ftL ;Demf}tfx?
vf/]h x'g' kg]{, tLg a'Fb] ;xdtLdf /fHo O{dfgbf/ x'g'kg]{
nufotsf dfux? 5g\ .
o;}u/L, g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{;lxt $ sDo'lg:6 kf6L{n]
tTsfnLg s]kL cf]nL ;/sf/n] g]skf;Fu ul/Psf] tLg
a'Fb] ;Demf}tfsf] jt{dfg b]pjf ;/sf/n] 7f8f] pNn+3g
u/L g]skfsf dxf;lrj laKnj, k|jQmf k|sf08nufotsf
g]tf–sfo{stf{x?sf] kqmfp k'hL{lj?4, /fi6«3ftL MCC,
SPP ;Demf}tfsf] vf/]hL / dxª\uL tyf d"Noj[l4lj?4
g]skfsf s]lGb|o ;b:o tyf sfe|] lhNnf OGrfh{ cfwf/sf]
g] t [ T jdf uPsf] 6f] n Ln] lhNnf k| z f;g sfo{ n o
sfe|]knfGrf]sdfkm{t\ k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifbsf]
sfo{nonfO{ dfukq a'emfPsf] 5 . ut ;fpg !^ ut]
lhNnf cbfnt nlntk'/n] kf6L{sf dxf;lrj ljKnk;lxt
@* hgf zLif{ g]tfx? dfly #% lbg] kqmfp k'hL{ hf/L
u/]sf] lyof] . To;lj?4 lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no
sfe|k] nfGrf]sdfkm{t\ g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ 1fkg kq a'emfpFb}
kqmfp k'hL{ lkmtf{sf] dfu u/]sf x'g\ .
o;}u/L, g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ wflbªn] lhNnf k|zf;g
sfof{nodfkm{t\ k|wfgdGqLnfO{ 1fkgkq a'emfPsf] 5 .
dxf;lrj ljKnjnufot g]tf–sfo{stf{lj¿å nlntk'/
lhNnf cbfntn] hf/L u/]sf] kqmfp k'hL{ hf/L u/]kl5
g]skf nufot $ sDo'lg:6 kf6L{åf/f r/0fa4 ;+3if{sf
sfo{qmd 3f]if0ff u/]sf] lyof] . ;f]xLcg';f/ efb| ! ut]
1fkgkq a'emfPsf] xf] . @)&& kmfu'g @! ut] ;/sf/ /
g]skfaLr ePsf] # a'bF ] ;xdlt sfof{Gjog ug{k' g],{ cf:yfsf
aGbLx¿sf] l/xf, em'§f d'2f vf/]h, dxFuL lgoGq0f ug{'kg]{
/ MCC-SPP kl/of]hgf vf/]hLnufot $ a'Fb] dfu
/fvL g]skfsf lhNnf ;]qm]6/L ;[hgsf] g]tT[ jdf k|wfgdGqL
z]/axfb'/ b]pjfnfO{ lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no wflbªdfkm{t\
1fkgkq a'emfPsf] xf] .
o;}u/L, g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{;lxt $ sDo'lg:6
kf6L{sf] ;+oQ ' m df]rf{sf] tkm{af6 g]skf /;'jfsf ;]qm]6/L
lj/fhsf] g]tT[ jdf # a'bF ] ;xdlt sfof{Gjog MCC-
SPP / r/d d"Noj[l4sf] lj/f]wdf /;'jfsf k|lhc gj/fh
h};Ldfkm{t\ k|wfgdGqLnfO{ 1fkgkq a'emfPsf] 5 . pQm
ca;/df o'jf ;+u7gsf :of6f], lhNnf k|x/L k|dv ' , ;z:q
k|x/L k|dv ' , g]kfnL ;]gfsf d]h/, ;xfos l;l8cf]nufotsf]
pkl:ylt lyof] . ;]qm]6/L lj/fhn] /fHon] hah{:t åGå
lgDTofpg vf]h]sf] cf/f]k nufpFb} g]skfsf dxf;lrj
ljKnj, k|jQmf k|sf08 ;lrjfno ;b:o ljifd nufotnfO{
lhNnf cbfnt nlntk'/af6 jf/]G6 hfx]/ ug{' # a'Fb]
;xdlt lj?4 ePsfn] t'?Gt} d'2f vf/]h gu/] kf6L{n]
s8f sbd rfNg] / To;sf] lhDd]jf/ /fHo x'g] r]]tfagL
lbP . l;l8of] gj/fh h};Ln] ;se/ zflGtk"0f{ sfo{qmd
ug{ ;'emfj lbP .
o;}u/L, g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{;lxt $ sDo'lg:6
kf6L{sf] ;+oQ ' m df]rf{n] sf:sLdf lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no
cufl8 k|bz{g ug{s ' f ;fy} lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nodfkm{t\
k|wfgdGqLnfO{ 1fkg kq a'emfPsf] 5 . g]skf;Fu tTsfnLg
;/sf/n] u/]sf] # aFb] ;xdlt lakl/t ;/sf/L kIfaf6
g]skf dxf;lrj ljKnj, k|jQmf k|sf08nufotsf g]tf–
sfo{stf{dfly kqmfp k'hL{ hf/L u/]kl5 /fli6«otfsf] kIfdf
cfGbf]ng/t df]rf{ emg} ;zQm aGb} ;+3if{df pq]sf] xf] .
kqmfp k'hL{, Pdl;;L ;Demf}tf, P;kLkL, dxËL lj?4sf
ljifodf s]lGb|o sfo{qmdcg';f/ g} lhNnfdf sfo{qmd
ul/Psf] g]skf sf:sL ;]qm]6/L sfhL u'?ªn] atfP .
o;}u/L, g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ O{nfdn] kf6L{ dxf;lrj
ljKnjnufotsf g]tflj?4df hf/L ePsf] kqmfp k'hL{
vf/]hLsf] dfu ub}{ lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nodfkm{t\
k|wfgdGqLnfO{ 1fkg kq a'emfPsf] 5 . kf6L{sf lhNnf
;lrj df};dsf] g]tT[ jdf uPsf] 6f]nLn] lhNnf k|zfg
sfof{no Onfdsf k|dv ' dfwak|;fb 9'ËfgfnfO{ 1fkg kq
a'emfPsf] xf] . 1fkg kqdf kf6L{ dxf;lrj nufot, g]tf–
sfo{stf{lj?4 hf/L ePsf] kqmfp k'hL{ vf/]h x'g' kg]{,
/f:6«3ftL ;Demf}tfx? vf/]h x'g' kg]{, tLg a'Fb] ;xdltdf
/fHo Odfgbf/ x'g' kg]{nufotsf dfux? 5g\ . kqmfp
k'hL{ vf/]hsf] la/f]w ub}{ ebf} & ut] g]kfn aGbsf]
3f]if0ff ul/;s]sf] 5 . tLg a'bF ] ;xdltdf /fHo O{dfgbf/
geP ;+3if{df hfg] g]skfsf clwsf+z g]tfx?n] af]Ng
yfln;s]sf 5g\ .
o;}u/L, g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{nufot rf/ sDo'lg:6
kf6L{n] lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no u'NdLdfkm{t\ k|wfgdGqLnfO{
1fkgkq a'emfPsf 5g\ . g]skf / j}1flgs ;dfhjfbL
sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ g]kfnsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] dfukq k]z
sfo{qmddf g]skfn] # a'Fb] ;xdlt ;/sf/n] nfu" ug{'kg]{,
aGbL g]tf–sfo{stf{nfO{ l/xf ug{'kg]{, em'7f d'2fx? vf/]h
ug{k' g]{ dfu u/]sf 5g\\ . 1fkgkq k]z ub}{ g]skf lhNnf
;]qm]6/L ;'dgn] b]pjf k|r08 g]tT[ jsf] u7aGwg ;/sf/n]
dxf;lrj ljKnj, k|sf08nufot g]tf sfo{stf{lj?4 kqmfp
k'hL{ sf6]/ # a'Fb] ;xdlt c3f]lift ?kdf e+u u/]sf]
atfP . pgn] ;/sf/n] cfk"mx?dfly bdg u/] k|lt/f]w
ug]{ atfpFb} g]skfdflysf] 3]/faGbL ;fd|fHojfbsf] of]hgfdf
ul/Psf] atfP . pgn] aGbLx?nfO{ tTsfn l/xf ug{'kg]{,
em'7f d'2fx? vf/]h ug{'kg]{ / Pd;L;L ;Demf}tf tTsfn
vf/]h ug{'kg]{ atfP .
dfukqk]z sfo{qmddf lhNnf hg;/sf/ k|dv ' j;Gt
u}/], g]skf lhNnf ;b:ox? ljgf]b kf]v/]n, /];'Ëfgu/
OGrfh{ afa'nfn g]kfnL, clvn qmflGtsf/L lhNnf ;+of]hs
/fh v8\sf / kqsf/ Pj+ ;~rf/sdL{x?sf] ;xeflutf
/x]sf] lyof] . dfukq k]z sfo{qmddf k|dv ' lhNnf clwsf/L
k'0oljqmd kf}8o\ fnn] dfukq p7fOPsf] ljifo ;DalGwt
lgsfodf k7fpg] k|lta4tf u/]sf lyP .
o;}u/L, g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ ?s'd klZrdn] lhNnf
k|zf;g sfof{nodf 1fkgkq k]z u/]sf] 5 . a'waf/
g]skfsf lhNnf ;]qm]6/L rGb|axfb'/ a'9f;lxtsf g]tf
tyf sfo{stf{sf] pkl:yltdf 1fkgkq k]z ul/Psf] xf] .
g]skfsf g]tf–sfo{stf{x? lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nodf k'u/]
k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L k/dfgGb l3ld/]nfO{ tLg a'Fb]
;xdtL lj?4 hf/L ul/Psf] kqmfp k'hL{ vf/]hLsf]
dfu;lxtsf] 1fkgkq k]z u/]sf x'g . 1fkgkqdf
;/sf/n] ;Dk"0f{ aGbLx?sf] l/xfO / ;Dk"0f{ d'2fx?
vf/]hLsf] k|lqmof clanDa yfngL ug{'kg]{, kf6L{sf
dxf;lrj, k|jQmfnufotsf g]tf–sfo{stf{dfly hf/L
ul/Psf] kqmfp k'hL{ vf/]h ug{k' g],{ /fHon] g]kfn sDo'lg:6
kf6L{nfO{ t'?Gt jftf{df af]nfO pko'Qm sfo{x?sf] yfngL
ug{ kxn ug{'kg]{, /fHon] /fi6«3ftL Pd;L;L ;Demf}tf
vf/]h ug{'kg]{ nufotsf dfux? k]z ul/Psf] 5 .
o;}u/L, g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{;uF ePsf] # a'bF ] ;xdlt
sfo{Gjog ug{ k|wfgdGqL sfof{nonfO{ lhNnf k|zf;g
sfof{no alb{ofdfkm{t\ g]skf alb{ofn] 1fkgkq a'emfPsf]
5 . dxf;lrj ljKnjnufot kf6L{sf g]tf–sfo{stf{ gfddf
nlntk'/ lhNnf cbfntn] hf/L u/]sf] kqmfp k'hL{ hf/L
u/]kl5 g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{åf/f r/0fa4 ;+3if{sf sfo{qmd
3f]if0ff u/]sf] 5 . ;f]xLcg';f/ ut efb| ! ut] 1fkgkq
a'emfPsf] xf] . 1fkgkqdf k|wfgdGqL z]/axfb'/ b]pjf
g]t[Tjsf] u7aGwg ;/sf/n] u/]sf] /fi6«3ftL Pd;L;L
;emf}tf, g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{;uF ePsf] # a'bF ] ;xdltsf]
pNn‹g, u/]sf] 5 . g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf dxf;lrj
ljKnjnufotsf zLif{ g]tf–sfo{stf{x?lj?4 hf/L u/]sf]
kqmfp k'hL{, vf/]h ug{'kg]{, cf:yfsf aGbLx?sf] l/xf,
ug{k' g]{ mcc - spp kl/of]hgf vf/]hnufotsf $ a'Fb]
dfu /fvL / e|i6frf/sf] lj?4 ;/sf/n] u/]sf] u}/lhDd]jf/
tl/sfn] k|ltlqmofljxLg eP/ a;]sf] cf/f]k nufPsf] 5 .
g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf afFs] / alb{of lhNnf laz]if ;ldlt
;b:o lxdlzv/, alb{of lhNnf ;]qm]6/L u0f]z rf}w/L,
clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ ljBfyL{ ;+u7g sf alb{of lhNnf cWoIf
xl/ Kofs'/n] / qmflGtsf] g]tT[ jdf o'jf g]tf tyf sfo{stf{
sf] l6dn] k|wfgdGqL z]/axfb'/ b]pjfnfO{ lhNnf k|zf;g
sfof{no alb{ofdfkm{t\ 1fkgkq a'emfPsf] xf] .
o;}u/L, Pd;L;L, P;kLkL ;Demf}tf vf/]hL, rsf]{
dxFuL lgoGq0f g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{;uF sf] tLg a'bF ] ;xdlt
sfof{Gjogsf] dfu ub}{ wgu9Ldf ;+oQ ' m lj/f]w k|bz{g
ePsf] 5 . rf/ bnLo sfo{ut Pstf u/]sf g]kfn
sDo'lgi6 kf6L{, j}1flgs ;dfhjfb sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ g]kfn,
CifL s§]n g]tT[ jsf] g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{, g]kfn sDo'lgi6
kf6L{ dfcf]jfbL ;dfhjfbLsf] cfof]hgfdf ;+o'Qm lj/f]w
k|bz{g ePsf] xf] . wgu9Lsf] 6«flkms rf}/fxaf6 z'¿
ePsf] lj/f]w k|bz{g d'VodGqL sfof{nosf] u]6df uP/
sf]0f;efdf kl/0ft ePsf] lyof] . sf]0f;efnfO{ ;Daf]wg
ub}{ j}1flgs ;dfhjfbL sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ g]kfnsf s]Gb|Lo
;b:o Zofd s'Fj/n] /fHo rsf]{ dxFuL lgoGq0f ug{'sf]
;f6f] sfnf]ahf/LnfO{ ;+/If0f ul//x]sf] atfpFb} h;sf
lj?4 cfk"mx¿ ;8sdf cfpg'k/]sf] pNn]v u/] . g]skf;Fu
tLg a'Fb] ;xdlt u/]sf] ;/sf/n] g]skf g]tf–sfo{stf{sf
gfddf kqmfp k'hL{ hf/L u/]sf] atfpFb} /fHo bdg g/f]lsP
cfˆgf] kf6L{ g]skf;Fu aGb's af]s]/ n8\g ;d]t tof/
/x]sf] atfP . g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ s}nfnL ;]qm]6/L u0f]z
9sfnn] ;+;bjfbL zlQmn] Pd;L;L ;+;baf6 kfl/t u/]
klg cfˆgf] kf6L{n] sfof{Gjog x'g glbg] atfP . P;kLkL
;Demf}tfdfkm{t\ g]kfndf cd]l/sL ;]gf leq\ofpg vf]hs ] f]
atfpFb} /fli6«o :jfwLgtfsf] /Iffsf nflu ;Dk"0f{ hg;d'bfo
;+3if{df pqg cfJxfg u/] . ;Daf]wg ub}{ pgn] eg]
æcbfntn] kqmfp k'hL{ k7fP/ s] ug{ vf]h]sf] xf] < s]
g]skfnfO{ ;/sf/n] o'4df ws]Ng vf]h]sf] xf] < pgsf]
k|Zg lyof], g]skfnfO{ o'4df ws]n/] cfˆgf] ;Qf l6sfpg]
;kgf b]vs ] f] eP, Tof] lbjf ;kgfaf6 ;/sf/nfO{ Ao'‰g;d]t
r]tfjgL lbP . sf]0f;efnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug]{ qmddf g]kfn
sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ dfcf]jfbL ;dfhjfbLsf pkfWoIf /Ëgfy
9sfnn] /fi6«3ft, ;/sf/L bdg / dxFuLlj?4 cfk"mx¿
;+o'Qm ;+3if{df plqPsf] atfpFb} cljnDa g]skf;Fusf]
tLg a'Fb] ;xdlt sfof{Gjog ug{ cg'/f]w u/] . /fHos}
;+/If0fdf s[lqd cefj / dxFuL a9L /x]sf] pNn]v ub}{
/fHon] dxFuL lgoGq0f gu/] cfk"mx¿n] ;8s ;+3if{af6}
sfnf]ahf/LnfO{ hgsf/jfxL ug{ afWo x'g] atfP . hgtfsf]
rf}tkmL{ lj/f]wsf afah'b ;+;b\jfbL zlQmn] Pd;L;L kfl/t
u/] klg cfk"mx¿n] nfu" x'g glbg] pgsf] egfO{ lyof] .
>LnÍf / O/fsdf hgtfn] ;Qfwf/LnfO{ cfGbf]ngaf6
nv]6s ] f] pNn]v ub}{ ;+;bjfbLx¿ g;'lw|P g]kfndf ;d]t
To:tf] cj:yf cfpg] r]tfjgL lbP .
o;}u/L, g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{;uF ePsf] # a'bF ] ;xdlt
sfof{Gjog ug{ dfu ub}{ k|wfgdGqL sfof{nonfO{ lhNnf
k|zf;g sfof{no s~rgk/dfkm{t\ g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{
s~rgk'/;lxt cGo ltg kf6L{n] a'waf/ 1fkg kq
a'emfPsf 5g\ . dxf;lrj ljKnjnufot kf6L{sf g]tf–
sfo{stf{ gfddf hf/L u/]sf] kqmfp k'hL{, a9\b} uPsf]
dxFuL, Pd;L;L ;Demf}tflj?4 rf/ g]kfn sDo'lg:6
kf6L{åf/f r/0fa4 ;+3if{sf sfo{qmd 3f]if0ff u/]sf] 5 .
;f]xLcg';f/ cfh efb| @ ut] 1fkgkq a'emfPsf] xf] .
1fkgkqdf k|wfgdGqL z]/axfb'/ b]pjf g]tT[ jsf] u7aGwg
;/sf/n] u/]sf] /fi6«3ftL Pd;L;L ;emf}tf vf/]h, P;kLkL
kl/of]hgf vf/]h, ljutsf c;dfg ;lGw vf/]hnufot
a9\bf] dxFuL e|i6frf/ clgoldttf lgoGq0f ug{;d]t
rf/ kf6L{n] ;/sf/nfO{ dfu u/]sf] 5 . g]skf s~rgk'/
lhNnf ;lrj k|sfz dNn, j}1flgs ;dfhjfbL sDo'lg:6
kf6L{ s f g] t f ljho ljZjsdf{ n ufot cGo g] t f–
sfo{stf{x?sf] pkl:yltdf s~rgk'/ lhNnf l;l8of]
uf]kfnk|;fb cof{nnfO{ pQm 1fkg kq a'emfPsf lyP .
lhNnf k|zf;g k|dv ' cof{n oxfFx?sf hfoh dfux?nfO{
k|wfgdGqL sfof{nodf a'emfpg] k|lta4tf;lxt dxFuL
e|i6frf/sf] ljifodf ahf/ cg'udg ug]{ dxFuL lgoGq0f
ug{ sfof{non] e"ldsf v]Ng] atfP . rf/ sDo'lg:6 kf6L{n]
r/0fa4 cfGbf]ng;lxt ebf} & ut] g]kfn aGbsf] 3f]if0ff
;d]t u/]sf 5g\ .
o;}u/L, g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{nufotsf $ sDo'lg:6
kf6L{n] u/]sf] k"j{3f]lift ;+3if{sf sfo{qmdcGtu{t efb| !
ut] b]zJofkL?kdf lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nodfkm{t\
k|wfgdGqLnfO{ 1fkgkq a'emfPsf 5g\ . o;}qmddf :ofª\hf
lhNnf OGrfh{ lals/0f, lhNnf ;]qm]6/L ;fu/, lhNnf
;b:o w|'j uf}8]n, Zofd cof{nnufotsf g]tfx?sf]
pkl:yltdf :ofª\hfsf k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L /fh'k|;fb
kf}8n
] dfkm{t\ k|wfgdGqLnfO{ 1fkg kq a'emfPsf x'g\ . b]pjf
g]t[Tjsf] u7aGwg ;/sf/n] u/]sf] /fi6«3ftL Pd;L;L
;Demf}tf, g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{;uF ePsf] # a'bF ] ;xdltsf]
pNn‹g, g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf dxf;lrj ljKnj
nufotsf g]tf–sfo{stf{x? lj?4 hf/L u/]sf] kqmfp
k'hL{, dxËL / e|i6frf/sf] lj?4 r/0fa4 ;+3if{sf
sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng ub}{ cfPsf lyP .
o;}u/L, g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{;lxt $ sDo'lg:6 kf6L{n]
tLg a'bF ] ;xdlt sfof{Gjg ug{ dfu ub}{ lhNnf k|zf;g
 @)&( ;fn ebf} % ut] cfOtaf/
ePsf] tLg a'“b] ;xdlt sfof{Gjogsf] dfu ub}{ k|wfgdGqLnfO{ 1fkgkq
sfof{no t]xy| d' dfkm{t\ k|wfgdGqLnfO{ 1fkgkq a'emfPsf
5g\ . g]skfsf s]lGb|o ;b:o ltyf{ /fO{, lhNnf ;ldlt
;lrj lazfn du/;lxtsf 6f]nLn] cfh t]x|y'd lhNnf
k|zf;g sfof{no t]xy| d ' dfkm{t\ 1fkg kq a'emfPsf x'g\ .
pQm 1fkgkqdf g]kfn ;/sf/ / g]skf aLr @)&& ;fn
kmfu'g @! ut] g]kfn ;/sf/ g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ aLr
# a'bF ] ;xdlt ePsf] lyof], pQm ;xdltsf] a'bF f g+= # df
g]kfn ;/sf/ / g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ dflysf] k|ltaGw
x6fpg] sf/fuf/df /x]sf kf6L{sf g]tf–sfo{stf{x?sf] l/xfO{
/ ;Dk"0f{ d'2fx? vf/]h ug]{ ;xdt ePsf] lyof] . t/,
xfn;Dd klg h]ndf /x]sf g]tf–sfo{stf{nfO{ l/xfO{ ul/Psf]
5}g . em'§f d'2f vf/]h ul/Psf] 5}g, pN6} g]kfn sDo'lg:6
kf6L{sf dxf;lrj, k|aQmf, ;lrjfno ;b:onufotsf
g]tf–sfo{stf{nfO{ ut ;fpg !^ ut] nlntk'/ lhNnf
cbfntdfkm{t\ kqmfp k'hL{ hf/L ul/Psf] 5 . pQm sfo{
g]kfn ;/sf/ / g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{aLr ePsf] # a'bF ]
;xdltsf] lj?4df ePsf] s'/f lgs} v]bhgs if8\oGqd"ns
/ d'n'snfO{ hah{:t åGådf ws]Ng] lgof]lht dg;fodf
cfwfl/t /x]sf] pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . pQm 1fkgkqdf #
a'Fb] ;xdlt clanDa sfof{Gjogsf nflu hf]8bf/ dfu
ug{'sf] ;fy} /f:6«3ftL Pdl;;L ;Demf}tf / P;lkkL
kl/of]hgf, d"Noj[l4, e|i6frf/ / ljutdf ePsf /f:6«lxt
lakl/tsf c;dfg ;lGwx? vf/]h ug{ ;/sf/;Fu dfu
ul/Psf] 5 .
o;}u/L, tLg a'bF ] ;xdlt sfof{Gjgsf nflu g]skf;lxt
rf/ kf6L{n] lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no ;+v'jf;efdfkm{t\
k|wfgdGqL z]/axfb'/ b]pjfnfO{ 1fkgkq a'emfPsf 5g\ .
tLg a'Fb] ;xdlt tTsfn sfof{Gjog ug{ dfu ub}{ ;f]
kf6L{sf lhNnf laz]if ;ldlt ;b:o k'ikaxfb'/ sf]O/fnf,
lhNnf ;ldlt ;lrj o'j/fh /fO{;lxtsf 6f]nLn] ;+vj' f;ef
lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no ;+v'jf;efdfkm{t\ 1fkg kq
a'emfPsf x'g\ . pQm 1fkgkqdf g]kfn ;/sf/ / g]skfaLr
@)&& ;fn kmfu'g @! ut] g]kfn ;/sf/ g]kfn sDo'lg:6
kf6L{ aLr # a'Fb] ;xdlt ePsf] lyof] . pQm ;xdltsf]
a'bF f g= # df g]kfn ;/sf/ / g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{dflysf]
k| l taGw x6fpg] sf/fuf/df /x] s f kf6L{ s f g] t f–
sfo{stf{x?sf] l/xfO{ / ;Dk"0f{ d'2fx? vf/]h ug]{ ;xdt
ePsf] lyof] . t/, xfn;Dd klg h]ndf /x]sf g]tf–
sfo{stf{nfO{ l/xfO{ ul/Psf] 5}g em'§f d'2f vf/]h ul/Psf]
5}g . pN6} g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf dxf;lrj k|aQmf
;lrjfno ;b:onufotsf g]tf–sfo{stf{nfO{ ut ;fpg
!^ ut] nlntk'/ lhNnf cbfntdfkm{t\ kqmfp k'hL{ hf/L
ul/Psf] / pQm sfo{ g]kfn ;/sf/ / g]kfn sDo'lg:6
kf6L{aLr ePsf] # a'bF ] ;xdltsf] lj?4df ePsf] s'/f
lgs} v]bhgs if8\oGqd"ns / d'n'snfO{ hah{:t åGådf
ws]Ng] lgof]lht dg;fodf cfwfl/t /x]sf] eGb} pQm
1fkgkqdf pNn]lvt u/]sf] 5 . pQm 1fkgkqdf # a'bF ]
;xdlt clanDa sfof{Gjogsf nflu hf]8bf/ dfu ug{s ' f]
;fy} /f:6«3ftL Pdl;;L ;Demf}tf / P;lkkL kl/of]hgf
d"Noj[l4 e|i6frf/ ljutdf ePsf /f:6«lxt lakl/tsf
c;dfg ;lGw lab]zL x:tIf]k a9]sf] / c;dfg ;lGwx?
vf/]h ug{ ;/sf/;Fu dfu u/]sf 5g\\ .
o;}u/L, g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ / g]kfn ;/sf/aLr
ePsf] tLg a'bF ] ;xdlt sfof{Gjog ug{, /fi6«3ftL Pd;L;L
/ P;kLkL ;Demf}tf vf/]h ug{'kg]{, g]skf dxf;lrj
ljKnjnufot g]tfx?nfO{ hf/L ul/Psf] kqmfp k'hL{ vf/]h
ug{'kg]{ / a9\bf] dxËL, e|i6frf/, sfnf]ahf/L lgoGq0f
ug{nufotsf dfu /fVb} g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{nufot
rf/ sDo'lg:6 kf6L{åf/f 3f]lift r/0fa4 ;+3if{sf]
sfo{qmdcGtu{t pbok'/, cf]vn9'+uf, ef]hk'/n] lhNnf
k|zf;g sfof{nodfkm{t\ k|wfgdGqL sfof{no l;+xb/af/df
1fkgkq a'emfOPsf 5g\ .
o;}u/L, g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ bfªn] lhNnf k|zf;g
sfof{no bfªdf 1fkgkq k]z u/]sf] 5 . g]skfsf s]Gb|Lo
;b:o tyf bfª lhNnf OGrfh{ lztn, kf6L{sf lhNnf
;]qm]6/L k|lbk;lxtsf ;of}+ g]tf–sfo{stf{sf] pkl:yltdf
1fkgkq k]z ul/Psf] xf] . g]skfsf g]tf–sfo{stf{x?
cfh lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nodf k'u/] k|dv' lhNnf clwsf/L
lx/fnfn /]UdLnfO{ tLg a'Fb] ;xdtLlj?4 hf/L ul/Psf]
kqmfp k'hL{ vf/]hLsf] dfu ;lxtsf] 1fkgkq k]z u/]sf
x'g . lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no bfªdfkm{t\ ;DdfggLo
k|wfgdGqL, k|wfgdGqLsf] sfof{no l;+xb/af/ sf7df8f}n
F fO{
a'emfOPsf] 1fkgkqdf g]skf;Fu ;+oQ ' m /0fg}lts ;+oQ' m
df]rf{sf $ sDo'lg:6 kf6L{n] $ a'Fb] 1fkgkqdfkm{t\
;/sf/sf] Wofgfsif{0f u/fPsf 5g\ . 1fkgkqdf ;/sf/n]
;Dk"0f{ aGbLx?sf] l/xfO / ;Dk"0f{ d'2fx? vf/]hLsf] k|lqmof
clanDa yfngL ug{k' g],{ kf6L{sf dxf;lrj, k|jQmfnufotsf
g]tf–sfo{stf{dfly hf/L ul/Psf] kqmfp k'hL{ vf/]h ug{k' g],{
/fHon] g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{nfO{ t'?Gt jftf{df af]nfO
pko'Qm sfo{x?sf] yfngL ug{ kxn ug{k' g],{ /fHon] /fi6«3ftL
Pd;L;L ;Demf}tf vf/]h ug{'kg]{ nufotsf dfux? k]z
ul/Psf] 5 .
o;}u/L, g]skf l;Gw'kfNrf]sn] g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{
/ g]kfn ;/sf/aLr ePsf] tLg a'Fb] ;xdlt sfof{Gjog,
dxf;lrj ljKnjnufotsf g]tfx?dfly nlntk'/ lhNnf
cbfntaf6 hf/L kqmfp k'hL{ oyfzL3| vf/]h, /fhaGbL
l/xfO, Pd;L;L / P;kLkL vf/]h ug{ dfu ub}{ g]skf
l;Gw'kfNrf]sn] lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nodfkm{t\ ;/sf/nfO{
1fkgkq a'emfPsf] 5 . kf6L{sf lhNnf ;]qm]6/L o'uLgsf]
g]tT[ jdf k|dv ' lhNnf clwsf/L j]blglw vgfndfkm{t\
k|wfgdGqL b]pjfnfO{ pQm 1fkgkq a'emfPsf] xf] . dxf;lrj
ljKnjnufot g]tf–sfo{stf{sf lj¿4 nlntk'/ lhNnf
cbfntn] kqmfp k'hL{ hf/L u/]kl5 g]skf nufot $
sDo'lg:6 kf6L{åf/f r/0fa4 ;+3if{sf sfo{qmd 3f]if0ff
ul/Psf] 5 . ;f]xLcg';f/ 1fkgkq a'emfPsf] xf] .
o;}u/L, lhNnf k|zf;g sfo{no, b}n]vsf k|d'v xl/
Kofs'/]ndfkm{t\ g]kfn ;/sf/sf k|wfgdGqL z]/jxfb'/
b]pjfnfO{ 1fkgkq j'emfO{sf] 5 . g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{
b}n]vsf ;]qm]6/L snd ljZjsdf{-lbk]Gb|_, j}1flgs
;dfhjfbL sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf 6f]kG] b| g]kfnLnufotsf]
;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . g]skf lhNnf ;]qm]6/L sd/]8
snd ljZjsdf{n] 1fkg kq jfrg u/]sf lyP .
o;}u/L, g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ uf]vf{n] g]kfn sDo'lg:6
kf6L{ / g]kfn ;/sf/aLr ePsf] tLg a'bF ] ;xdlt sfof{Gjog,
dxf;lrj ljKnjnufotsf g]tfx?dfly nlntk'/ lhNnf
cbfntaf6 hf/L kqmfp k'hL{ oyfzL3| vf/]h, /fhaGbL
l/xfO, Pd;L;L / P;kLkL vf/]h ug{ dfu ub}{ lhNnf k|zf;g
sfo{no˜dfkm{t\ k|wfgdGqL z]/jxfb'/ b]pjfnfO{ 1fkgkq
j'emfPsf] 5 . g]skf uf]vf{sf ;]qm]6/L slkn e§sf] 6f]nLn] ;f]
1fkg kq a'emfPsf] xf] .
o;}u/L, g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ tfKn]hª' n] tLg a'bF ] ;xdlt
sfof{Gjog, /fi6«3ftL Pd;L;L / P;kLkL ;Demf}tf vf/]h,
g]skf dxf;lrj ljKnjnufot g]tfx?nfO{ hf/L ul/Psf]
kqmfp k'hL{ vf/]h ug{k' g]{ / a9\bf] dxËL, e|i6frf/, sfnfahf/L
lgoGq0f ug{nufotsf dfu /fVb} lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nodfkm{t\
g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ 1fkgkq a'emfPsf] 5 . 1fkgkqdf /fHoåf/f
cbfntdfkm{t\ ul/Psf] ;xdlt pNn+3gsf 36gf / sfg'gL
k|so[ f t'?Gt aGb ug{,
kf6L{ s f k| j Qmf,
dxf;lrjnufotsf g]tf
sfo{ s tf{ d fly hf/L
ul/Psf] kqmfp k'hL{
vf/]h ug{ g]skfn] dfu
u/]sf] 5 . lhNnf ;]qm]6/L c;n kGbfssf] g]tT[ jdf /x]sf]
g]skfsf] 6f]nLn] k|dv ' lhNnf clwsf/L dx]zs'df/ kf]v/]nnfO{
1fkgkq a'emfPsf] xf] . ;]qm]6/L kGbfsåf/f x:tfIfl/t
1fkgkqdf @)&& ;fn kmfu'g @! ut] g]kfn ;/sf/ /
g]skfaLr ePsf] ;xdlt sfof{Gjog ug{ ;/sf/ ;dIf dfu
ul/Psf] 5 . 1fkgkqdf ;/sf/n] tLg a'bF ] ;xdlt nfu"
u/]sf] cg'et" lbnfpg ;Dk"0f{ aGbLx?sf] l/xf / d'2fx?sf]
vf/]hLsf] dfu ul/Psf] 5 . 1fkg kqdf g]skfn] cfˆgf $%
hgf g]tf tyf sfo{stf{ h]ndf aGbLsf] ?kdf /x]sf] bfaL
u/]sf] 5 . g]kfn ;/sf/ / cfˆgf] kf6L{aLr ;xdlt ePsf]
!& dlxgf;Dd klg ;xdlt sfof{Gjog gu/L ;xdltdf
x:tIf/ ug]{ g]skfsf] g]tT[ j kIfnfO{ g} ;fpg !^ ut] kqmfp
k'hL{ hf/L ug]{ sfo{af6 ;xdlt ljk/Lt ePsf] eGb} o;nfO{
g]skfn] …u}/lhDd]jf/Lk"0f{Ú eg]sf] 5 .
o;}u/L, g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ afun'ªn] /fi6«3ftL Pd;L;L
;+emf}tf, g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{;uF ePsf] # aFb' ] ;xdltsf]
pNn‹g, g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf dxf;lrj ljKnjnufotsf
g]tf–sfo{stf{x?lj?4 hf/L u/]sf] kqmfp k'hL{, dxËL /
e|i6frf/sf] lj?4 lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nodfkm{t\ k|wfgdGqLnfO{
1fkgkq a'emfPsf 5g\ . @)&& kmfu'g @! ut] ;/sf/ /
g]skfaLr ePsf] # a'bF ] ;xdlt sfof{Gjog ug{k' g],{ cf:yfsf
aGbLx?sf] l/xf, em'§f d'2f vf/]h, dxFuL lgoGq0f ug{k' g]{ /
mcc-spp kl/of]hgf vf/]hnufot $ a'bF ] dfu /fvL g]kfn
sDo' l g:6 kf6L{
afun'ªsf] sfof{no
;lrj qmflGtsf]
g]tT[ jdf o'jf g]tf
tyf sfo{stf{sf]
6f]nLn] ;f] 1fkgkq a'emfPsf x'g\ .
o;}u/L, g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{nufot rf/ sDo'lg:6
kf6L{åf/f lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no ?kGb]xLdfkm{t\ k|wfgdGqLnfO{
$ a'bF ] 1fkgkq k]z u/]sf 5g\\ . b]pjf–k|r08 g]tT[ jsf]
u7aGwg ;/sf/n] # a'bF ] ;xdlt pNn+3g ub}{ g]skfsf
dxf;lrj ljKnjnufot g]tf sfo{stf{lj¿4 hf/L ul/Psf]
kqmfp k'hL{, g]tf sfo{stf{sf] l/xfO{, em'7f d'2f vf/]h / dxFuL
Pj+ Pd;L;L, P;lkkL kl/of]hgf a9\bf] dxFuL cGTosf] dfu
ub}{ rf/ sDo'lg:6 kf6L{x¿åf/f r/0fa4 ;‹if{sf sfo{qmd
3f]if0ff ul/Psf] lyof] . ;f]xL sfo{qmdcg';f/ efb| ! ut]
dfukq a'emfPsf] xf] . g]skfsf lhNnf g]tf la/]Gb| lasn]
lhNnf k|zf;g sfo{nosf k|dv ' lhNnf clwsf/L e/tdl0f
kf08]nfO{ dfu kq jfrg u/]/ ;'gfPsf lyP eg] dfukq
a'‰b} lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no k|dv ' lhNnf clwsf/L e/tdl0f
pkfWofon] dfukq k|wfgdGqL / dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{no;Dd
k'¥ofpg] k|lta4tf u/] . dfu kq a'emfpg g]skfsf lhNnf
g]tfx? gljg yf?, la/]Gb| las lzlz/, PgaL ;fxL, lji0f'
a]njf;]nufot lhNnfsf g]tf–sfo{stf{ ;xefuL lyP eg]
g]skf dfcf]jfbL ;dfhjfbLsf ljgf]b pkfWofo, O{Zj/rGb|
rdf/ j}1flgs ;dfhjfbL sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf zs'Gtnf u}/,]
eujtL g]kfnL ;xefuL ePsf lyP .
o;}u/L, g]skf c3f{vfFrLn] lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nodfkm{t\
k|wfgdGqLnfO{ 1fkgkq a'emfPsf] 5 . g]skf dxf;lrj laKnj,
k| a Qmf k| s f08, ;lrjfno ;b:o ljifdnufot
g]tfsfo{stf{lj?4 kqmfp k'hL{, # a'bF ] ;xdlt sfof{Gjog,
aGbLx?sf]
l/xf, em' 7 f
d'2f v/]h /
Pd;L;L
P;lklk
kl/of]hgf
vf/]hsf] dfu
ub}{ g]skfsf
s]lGb|o ;b:o tyf c3f{vfFrL lhNnf OGrfh{ ;+udsf] g]tT[ j
/ lhNnf ;]qm]6/L dfx'/Lnufot lhNnfsf g]tf–sfo{stf{sf]
;xeflutfdf lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no c3f{vfFrLsf k|dv ' kqmfp k'hL{ vf/]h ug{k' g]{ / a9\bf] dxËL, e|i6frf/, sfnfahf/L
lhNnf k|zf;g clwsf/Ldfkm{t\ k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb
sfof{nodf rf/ a'bF ] 1fkgkq k]z u/]sf] xf] . g]skf;lxt
rf/ kf6L{sf]] k"j3{ f]lift ;+3if{sf sfo{qmdcGtu{t g]skfn]
1fkgkq j'emfpb} tLg a'bF ] ;xdlt nfu" ug{k' g],{ Pd;L;L /
P;kLkL g]kfnaf6 vf/]h ug{' kg],{ dxFuL / e|6frf/ lgoGq0f
x'gk' g]{ dfu /fv]sf] 5 .
o;}u/L, g]skf sflnsf]6n] dxf;lrj laKnj, k|aQmf k|sf08,
;lrjfno ;b:o ljifdnufot g]tf–sfo{stf{lj?4 hf/L ul/Psf]
kqmfp k'hL{, # a'bF ] ;xdlt sfof{Gjog, aGbLx?sf] l/xf, em'7f
d'2f v/]h / Pd;L;L / P;lklk kl/of]hgf vf/]hsf] dfu ub}{
lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no sflnsf]6sf k|dv ' lhNnf clwsf/L
/fdxl/ zdf{dfkm{t\ 1fkg kq a'emfPsf] 5 . g]skf sflnsf]6sf
lhNnf OGrfh{ s0f{axfb'/ e08f/L -lj/f6_, lhNnf ;]qm]6/L
dlgnfn P]8L -/0flbk_ ;lxtsf g]tfx?sf] pkl:yltdf 1fkg
kq a'emfPsf] ;]qm]6/L /0flbkn] atfPsf 5g\ .
o;}u/L, g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ ndh'ªn] g]kfn sDo'lg:6
kf6L{ / g]kfn ;/sf/aLr ePsf] tLg a'bF ] ;xdlt sfof{Gjog
ug{, /fi6«3ftL Pd;L;L / P;kLkL ;Demf}tf vf/]h ug{k' g],{
g]skf dxf;lrj ljKnjnufot g]tfx?nfO{ hf/L ul/Psf]
kqmfp k'hL{ vf/]h ug{k' g]{ / a9\bf] dxËL, e|i6frf/, sfnfahf/L
lgoGq0f ug{nufotsf dfu /fVb} lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nodfkm{t\
k|wfgdGqLnfO{ 1fkgkq a'emfPsf] 5 . kf6L{sf ;]qm]6/L cfsf]zsf]
g]tT[ jdf /laGb|, lai0f', xl/, xs{, lai0f' ;'gf/, rGb| / ;fgf]efOsf]
pkl:yltdf ;xfos k|lhc e"ldZj/ kf]v/]nnfO{ ;f] 1fkg
kq a'em]sf x'g\ . 1fkg kq a'emfpb} pgLx?n] kf6L{sf] dfu
sfof{Gjog ug{ cfgfsfgL u/] r'krfk ;x]/ ga:g] r]tfjgL
lbPsf lyP .
o;}u/L, g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{n] g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ /
g]kfn ;/sf/aLr ePsf] tLg a'bF ] ;xdlt sfof{Gjog ug{,
/fi6«3ftL Pd;L;L / P;kLkL ;Demf}tf vf/]h ug{k' g],{ g]skf
dxf;lrj ljKnjnufot g]tfx?nfO{ hf/L ul/Psf] kqmfp
5
k'hL{ vf/]h ug{k' g]{ /
a9\bf] dxËL, e|i6frf/,
sfnfahf/L lgoGq0f
ug{nufotsf dfu /fVb}
lhNnf k| z f;g
sfof{nodfkm{t\
k|wfgdGqLnfO{ 1fkgkq
a'emfPsf] 5 .
o;}u/L, g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{;lxt $ sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf]
/0fgLlts ;+oQ' m df]rf{åf/f 3f]lift ;+3if{sf sfo{qmd cGtu{t
g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ nufot $ sDo'lg:6 kf6L{x¿n] c5fd
lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no k|dv ' ljZj/fh d/fl;gLdfkm{t\
k|wfgdGqLnfO{ $ a'bF ] 1fkg kq a'emfPsf] 5 . @)&& ;fn
kmfu'g @! ut] g]kfn ;/sf/ / g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ aLr #
a'bF ] ;xdlt ePsf] lyof] . pQm ;xdlt sf] a'bF f g+= # df æ
g]kfn ;/sf/, g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ dflysf] k|ltaGw x6fpg,
sf/fuf/df /x]sf
kf6L{sf g]tf tyf
sfo{stf{x?sf] l/xfO{
/ ;Dk"0f{ d'2fx¿
vf/]h ug{ ;xdt
ePsf] 5Æ eGg] s'/f
pNn] l vt ePsf]
lyof] . t/, xfn;Dd klg h]ndf /x]sf g]tf–sfo{stf{x?nfO{
l/xfO{ ul/Psf] 5}g . em'¶f d'2f vf/]h ul/Psf] 5}g . pN6}
g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf dxf;lrj sd/]8 ljKnj, k|jQmf
k|sf08, ;lrjfno ;b:o ljifdnufotsf g]tf–sfo{stf{x?nfO{
ut ;fpg !^ ut] nlntk'/ lhNnf cbfntdfkm{t\ kqmfpm
k'hL{ hf/L ul/Psf] s'/f g]kfn ;/sf/ / g]kfn sDo'lgi6
kf6L{ aLr ePsf] # a'bF ] ;xdltsf] lj?4df ePsf] s'/f lgs}
v]bhgs, if8\oGqd"ns / d'ns ' nfO{ hj/h:t åGådf ws]Ng]
lgof]lht dg;fodf cfwfl/t 5 . To;}n] pQm # a'bF ] ;xdlt
clanDa sfof{Gjogsf nflu hf]8bf/ dfu o;} dfukqdfkm{t\
u/]sf] 5 .
/fi6«3ftL Pdl;l; ;Demf}tf / P;lklk kl/of]hgf dfkm{t\
cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbn] xfd|f] b]zsf] :jfwLgtfdfly l;w} x:tIf]k
ug]{ / cfˆgf] pklgj]z nfb\g] lgof]lht if8\oGq ePsf]n]
o;nfO{ tTsfn vf/]hLsf] nflu hf]8bf/ dfu u/]sf] 5 .
ljutdf ePsf /fi6«lxt ljkl/tsf c;dfg ;lGw tyf
;Demf}tfx?sf sf/0fn] ubf{ g]kfndf ljb]zL x:tIf]k a9]sf]
5 . h;sf] sf/0fn] g]kfnsf] cfly{s, /fhgLlts, ;fdflhs,
;f:s[lts, ;Ldf cltqmd0fnufotsf ;d:ofx¿ hl6n
aGb}5g\\ . ctM pk/f]Qm c;dfg ;lGw tyf ;Demf}tf vf/]hLsf]
dfu;lxt dfukq a'emfPsf] lyof] . 1fkg kq g]kfn sDo'lgi6
kf6L{ c5fd lhNnf ;lrj ;l/tf;lxt cGo kf6L{sf k|ltlglwsf]
pkl:yltdf c5fd lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no k|dv ' ;dIf
1fkg kq a'emfPsf] lyof] .
o;}u/L, g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ kfFry/n] g]kfn sDo'lg:6
kf6L{ / g]kfn ;/sf/aLr ePsf] tLg a'bF ] ;xdlt sfof{Gjog
ug{, /fi6«3ftL Pd;L;L / P;kLkL ;Demf}tf vf/]h ug{k' g],{
g]skf dxf;lrj ljKnjnufot g]tfx?nfO{ hf/L ul/Psf]
lgoGq0f ug{nufotsf dfu
/fVb} lhNnf k| z f;g
sfof{nodfkm{t\
k|wfgdGqLnfO{ 1fkgkq
a'emfPsf] 5 . pQm 1fkg
kqdf g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{
/ g]kfn ;/sf/ aLr
ePsf] tLg a'bF ] ;xdlt sfof{Gjog ug{, /f:6«3ftL mcc /
spp ;Demf}tf vf/]h ug{, g]skf dxf;lrj laKnjnufot
g]tfx? hf/L ul/Psf] kqmfp k'hL{ vf/]h ug{ / cfsflzFbf]
dxËf], e|i6frf/, sfnfahf/L lgoGq0f ug{ dfu ub}{ lhNnf
k|zf;g sfof{no lkmlbd kfFry/dfkm{t\ k|wfgdGqL sfo{no
l;+xb/af/df 1fkg kq a'emfOPsf] atfOPsf] 5 .
o;}u/L, g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ g]tT[ jsf] rf/ bnLo df]rf{n]
;'b/" klZrdsf ;a} lhNnfaf6 k|wfgdGqLnfO{ 1fkgkq a'emfPsf]
5 . ;a} lhNnfsf k|dv ' lhNnf clwsf/Ldfkm{t\ laxLaf/
k|wfgdGqLnfO{ 1fkgkq a'emfPsf] xf] . g]kfn sDo'lgi6
kf6L{;uF sf] tLg a'bF ] ;xdlt sfof{Gjog ul/g'kg],{ ;Dk"0f{
/fhaGbLnfO{ l/xfO ul/g'kg],{ g]skf g]tfsfo{stf{sf gfddf
nufOPsf ;Dk"0f{ em'§f d'2f vf/]h ul/g'kg],{ Pd;L;Lnufotsf
;Dk"0f{ /fi6«3ftL ;Demf}tf vf/]h ul/g'kg]n { ufotsf dfu
/fvL ;+3if{df plqPsf] rf/ bnLo df]rf{n] s]Gb|Lo
sfo{qmdcGtu{t laxLaf/ k|wfgdGqLnfO{ 1fkgkq a'emfPsf]
xf] . s]Gb|Lo sfo{qmd efb| ! ut] eP klg ;f] lbg ;'b/" klZrddf
cf]Ns] kj{sf] cj;/df k|bz ] ;/sf/n] labf lbPkl5 efb| @
ut] 1fkgkq a'emfOPsf] xf] .
s}nfnLdf g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o 6]saxfb'/
zfxL, j}1flgs ;dfhjfbL sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf bnaxfb'/ cf]v8] f,
g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf s}nfnL ;]qm]6/L u0f]z 9sfn, g]kfn
sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ dfcf]jfbL ;dfhjfbLsf pkfWoIf /Ëgfy
9sfnnufotsf] 6f]nLn] 1fkgkq a'emfpFb} cljnDa cfˆgf
dfu k'/f ug{ cg'/f]w u/] . s~rgk'/df g]skf ;]qm]6/L k|sfz
dNn, c5fddf ;]qm]6/L ;l/tf rnfpg], afh'/fdf g]skf g]tf
e/t yfkf, aemfªdf ;]qm]6/L ljlk pkfWofo, bfr{n' fdf ;]qm]6/L
e/t dNn, a}t8Ldf ;]qm]6/L /fdl;+x s'jF /, 88]Nw'/fdf ;]qm]6/L
ljho g]tT[ jsf 6f]nLx¿n] k|dv
' lhNnf clwsf/Ldfkm{t\ 1fkgkq
a'emfPsf] g]skf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o eutl;+xn] hfgsf/L lbP .
 6 @)&( ;fn ebf} % cfOtaf/
df:6/ ;fx]asf] Jofkf/sf] lj?4
sd/] 8 /fdj[ I f ofbjnfO{
;Gbe{ M zxLb s= /fdj[If ofbj :d[lt lbj;
:yfgLox?n] cfb/k"js { …df:6/ ;fx]aÚ
eGy] . pxfFsf] lj=;+ @))# ;fndf wg'iff
lhNnf af/dlemof uflj; -xfn
u0f]zdfg gkf_ df ePsf] lyof] . cfhs}
lbg k|x/L / sfFu|];sf] u'G8fbnn]
@)$@ ;fndf ldqdl0f cfrfo{sf]
lrtjg, kzf{9fkdf xTof u/]em}F xTof
u/]sf] lyof] . df:6/ ;fx]a lgDgdWod
ls;fg kl/jf/df x'sg{ ' ePsf] lyof] .
;fdfGtL pTkL8g, To;sf lj?4
d'lQmsf] rfxgf, kfl/jfl/s ?kd} ljb|fx] L
r]tgf / nfdf] ;dob]lv wg'iffdf
rln/x]sf] ls;fg ljb|fx] x?n] pxfFdf
qmflGtsf/L r]tgf k|jfx ub}{ cfPsf]
b]lvG5 . h:sf]] sf/0f lszf]/ cj:yfdf
g} pxfFn] ufpFdf u7Lt sLt{gd08nLdf
a;]/ ;fdGtL lyrf]ldrf] lj/f]wL ehgx?
ufpg'xG' Yof] . cWoog ;s]kl5 a/dlemof
k|fylds ljBfnodf k|wfgfWofks eP/
hg;]jf ug{e' of] .
@)@( ;fndf df:6/ ;fx]jsf] Clif
b]jsf]6f …cfhfbÚ ;Fu e]6 eof] . Tof]
e]6 g} pxfFsf] hLjgsf] P]ltxfl;s 3'DtL
lyof] . To;kl5 pxfFx?jLrsf] ofqf
hLjgko{Gt hf/L /xof] . @)#) ;fndf
af]gL cfGbf]ng -s[lif dhb'/sf] Hofnf
a9fpg] ;‹if{_ ePkl5 Joj:yf lj/f]wL
eGb} pxfFnfO{ lu/ˆtf/ u/]/ hn]Zj/
h]ndf ^ dlxnf s}b ul/of] . h]naf6
l/xf ePnuQ} cfhfbaf6 pxfFn]
g]=s=kf= -rf}yf] dxflwa]zg_ sf] kf6L{
;b:otf lng' eof] .
To;nut} sdnf gbL lsgf/df
/x]sf] !@ la3f hUuf ;'sd' jf;LnfO{
ljt/0f ug]{ ;‹if{sf] g]tT[ j ug{' eof] .
o:tf cg] s f} + ls;fg ;‹if{ a f6
cQflnPsf] k~rfotL ;/sf/n] @)#$
;fndf pxfFnfO{ km]l/ lu/ˆtf/ u¥of] .
dG8n]x?n] cfFvfsf] tf/f] agfO/x]sf]
sf/0f @)#% ;fndf pxfF e"ldut eP/
k"0f{sfnLg sfo{stf{ aGg'eof] .
@)#% ;fn k'; ! ut] k'gM
lu/ˆtf/ x'g' ePsf df:6/ ;fx]j
@)#& a};fv % ut] l/xf u/]sf] lyof] .
kf6L{n] hgdt ;+u|x wf]sf eGb}
alxisf/ u/]sf] lyof] . dtbfgsf]
cl3Nnf] lbg pxfFnfO{ lu/ˆtf/ u/]/
j]kQf kf¥of] . hgdt ;ªu|xdf wfFwnL
u/]/ k~rfotsf] lht 3f]if0ff ul/of] .
To;kl5 d08n] cftÍ emg\ r/d ag]/
uof] . jg t:s/, hldgbf/, d08n]
dGqL x]daxfb'/ dNnsf] HofbtL r/d
eP/ uPsf] lyof] . dNnsf n7}tx?n]
df:6/ ;fx]asf] 3/ n'6kf6 u/] .
kl/jf/sf ;b:onfO{ s'6lk6 u/] .
df:6/ ;fx]a To; lbg 3/df gePsf]n]
aRg'eof] . @)$@ ;fndf a/dlemofdf
Pshgf ljif ;]jg u/]/ d/]sf lyP .
To;sf] bf]if nufP/ a/dlemofsf
k|wfgk~rn] pxfFnfO{ xftuf]8f efFr/]
cfˆg} 3/df y'g/] /fv] . To;a]nf
d08n]x?n] k~rfot lj/f]wLnfO{ k|x/L
rf}sLdf g} uP/ lk6\g,] s}of}+ lbg cfˆg}
3/df y'Gg], oftgf lbg] cfd?kdf
ul/GYof] . cj:yf gfh's aGb} uPkl5
pxfFnfO{ pkrf/fy{ d08n]x?n] hgsk'/
nu]sf] a]nf pxfFn] b'Zdgsf] 3]/f tf]8g\
;kmn x'ge' of] .
@)$@ ;fndf tTsfnLg g]skf -
dzfn_ ljeflht ePkl5 pxfF
dzfnlt/ /xg' eof] . @)$% ;fnsf]
ls;fg cfGbf]ngdf klg pxfFsf] cu|0fL
e"ldsf lyof] . k~rfotL Joj:yfsf] lj?4
hgcfGbf]ng rls{/x]sf] a]nf @)$^ h]7
^ ut] pxfFnfO{ k'gM ul/ˆtf/ ul/of] .
t/fO{ dw];sf ;f+:s[ltssdL{ tyf
/fhgLlts ljZn]ifs /f]zg hgsk'/L
eG5g\, …o; xTofdf k|zf;g /
hldgbf/ au{sf ;fy} sfFu|];sf
ax'bnLo Joj:yf k'ga{xfnL x'gf;fy jf8\g'eof] . @)$* ;fndf Ps6f k|x/L / sfFu; ]| L u'G8fx?n] pxfFnfO{ lk6\b} n]vg …JolQmTj / s[ltTjÚ sf] cnUu}
sfFu; ]| –Pdfn] ;/sf/n] t/fO{df cfˆgf] dxflwj]zg -h;nfO{ sfnfGt/df a;af6 cf]/fn]/ xTof u/] . To;a]nf 5nkmn ug{k' g]{ cfjZoQmf 5 . s]Gb|Lo g]tfx?;d]t ;fd]n /x]sf] s'/f
k|efj sdhf]/ xf]nf eGg] qf;n] ubf{ kfrf}+ dxflwj]zg dflgof]_ ePkl5 pxfF kf6L{ / ;+oQ ' m hgdf]rf{ b'as } f] krf;sf] bzsdf l;/xf / wg'iffdf dfcf]jfbLx?n] cf/f]k nufpFb} cfPsf
df:6/ ;fx]jsf] em"7f d'2f vf/]h ug{ hgo'4sf] tof/Ln] lta|tf kfof] . s]Gb|Lo ;b:o x'gx' G' Yof] . df:6/ ;fx]j / qmflGtsf/L cfGbf]ngsf] lyP . tL cleo' Q mx?n] ;hfo
dfg] g g\ . ha ls k' l t{ 3 f6 j} Í b]z}el/ l;h cleofg, enuf h:tf df:6/ ;fx]j cfj]udo qmflGtsf/L k|efj lta| ?kdf a9\b} lyof] . pxfFsf] ef]lu/x]s}af6 yfxf x'G5, sfFu|];sf
sf/afxLsf /fhjGbLx? kml0fGb| cfrfo{ cleofgx? rln/x] s f lyP . r]tgfsf afxs x'gx' G' Yof] . pxfFdf qmflGtsf/L z}nLn] hldgbf/ / k|zf;g :yfgLo sfo{stf{x?sf] ;ª\nUgtf .
-e}/xjf h]n_, wgL/fd dxQf] / tf/fklt hgkl/rfngsf] ;fy;fy} u|fld0f ju{ kl/jt{gsf] rfxgf / lta| x'6x'6L på]ngs} qm'4 aGb} uPsf lyP . pgLx?n] …bdg
kf}8n] -kfNkf h]n_ af6 l/xf e};s]sf ;‹if{n] ult ln+b} lyof] . l:yltdf x'GYof] . lrnLsf k|l;4 slj / nfnrÚ b'a} c:qn] df:6/ ;fx]jnfO{
lyP / Aofks hgbafakl5 @)$( ;/sf/L HofbtLsf] lj?4 @)%! kfJnf] g]?bfn] …på]ngsf] l:ylt JolQmTjsf] tx nufpg g;lsg] lgisif{ lgsfn]sf
;fndf dfq pxfFnfO{ l/xf ul/of] . ebf} ! ut] g]kfn aGb lyof] . To;sf] l:ylt xf]Ú eGg' ePsf] 5 . pxfF n]vs, lyP . bnfn aGg grfxg]nfO{ xTof
h]naf6 5'6n ] ut} df:6/ ;fx]jn] ;kmntfsf] nflu pxfF hgsk'/wfd hfg' slj, ufos ax'dv ' L k|ltefsf] wgL ug]{ t/fO{sf hldgbf/ / k|zf;gsf]
km]l/ ls;fg cfGbf]ngsf] g]t[Tj ug{ ePsf] lyof] . ;f] sfo{qmd ;s]/ ebf} x'gx' G' Yof] . …k]? d]+ nfn em08f kmx/f/]Ú k/Dk/f g} xf] . s'df/ kf}8]nsf]
yfNg'ePsf] lyof] . pxfFn] k6]vfsf] ;f9] @ ut] pxfF a;af6 3/ kmls{b}{ d}ynL efiffsf] pxfFåf/f l;lh{t uLt lgs} xTof;Dd ToxL /0fgLltsf] lg/Gt/tf
b'O{ ;o lj3f hUuf ;'s'djf;LnfO{ x'gx' G' Yof] . ds}af/Ldf n's/] a;]sf nf]slk|o lyof] . pxfFsf] slj, ufog, b]lvG5 . ToxL sf/0f pxfFsf] xTof eof] .
sd/]8 /fdj[If ofbjn] b]vfPsf] af6f]df cl3 a9f}+
…Odfgbf/ / axfb'/ 5f]/f5f]/Lx¿ cfdfsf] ue{af6 xf]Og, ju{;‹if{sf] hlta]nf pxfFsf] xTof ePsf] lyof], To;a]nf pxfFsf] 3/df Ps u]8f cGg klg
e§Laf6 hlGdG5g\ .Ú – s= dfcf] lyPg / ;fob pxfFl;t Ps ¿k}ofF klg lyPg t}klg pxfF kf6L{, qmflGt / clgn zdf{
;lxb /fdj[Ifsf] jf:tljs hLjg ju{;‹if{af6} ;'? eof] / ;xfbt klg ju{sf] nflu lg/Gt/ lqmofzLn /xg'eof] . o; xTofsf] cf/f]ksf] s]xL l56f t
ju{;‹if{sf] aLraf6} eof] . /fdnvg ofbj / ;DklQb]jL ofbjsf] sf]vaf6 kl/jf/sf] kf6L{ s /0f / ;j{ x f/fs/0f tTsfnLg Pdfn]sf] :yfgLo g]tfx?k|lt
@))# ;fndf sd/]8 /fdj[If ofbjsf] hGd ePsf] xf] . dWod juL{o ls;fg cfh w]/} sDo'lg:6 g]tfx¿sf] kl/jf/df kf6L{ / cfGbf]ngk|lt g/fsfTds klg dfcf]jfbLx?n] nufPsf lyP .Æ
kl/jf/df hlGdP/ klg pxfFn] lgs} cefj / si6s/ hLjg latfpg'eof] . k|efj ljsf; x'Fb} uPsf] 5 . g]tf÷sfo{stf{sf kl/jf/ kf6L{ / qmflGtdf 36gfnut} hgtfn] k|x/L rf}sL 3]/fp
;fdflhs tyf /fhgLlts sfo{df cfˆgf] k}t[s ;DklQ a]Rb} hfFbf ul/a lqmofzLn gx'g] eP klg ;dy{s dfq x'g] u/]sf 5g\ . Tolt dfq xf]Og, g]tf u/] . xhf/f} hgtf pxfFsf] clGtd
ls;fg ju{df ablng'eof] . t/fO{ dw];df x'g] ;fdGtL pTkL8g / To;sf] sfo{stf{ cfkm}Fn] cfˆgf] kl/jf/nfO{ kf6L{ / qmflGtdf of]hgfa4 9Ën] glng], >4fGhnL lbg ;j–h'n';df efu
k|efjlj?4 lszf]/ cj:yfb]lv g} pxfFdf 3[0ff b]lvGYof] . qmflGtsf/L /fhgLlts cem sltn] t d nfu]F t/ ltdLx¿ gnfu eGg] . 3/ jf 8]/fdf kf6L{ g]tf jf lnP . ljZj el/sf efOrf/fx?n]
hLjgdf k|jz ] ug{c ' l3 @)@% ;fndf ad{lemofs} k|fljdf sfo{stf{ gnfg], nluxfn] klg kl/jf/sf ;b:ox¿nfO{ >4f~hnL ck0f{ u/]af6 pxfFsf]
k|fwfgfWofks eO{ lzIf0f k];fdf /xg'eof] . glrgfpg] h:tf sfd u/] s f] b] l vG5 . sDo' l g:6 nf]slk|otf emNsG5 .
Tolta]nf pxfF lxGb"jfbL lrGtgdf cfwfl/t lst{g d08nL cfGbf]ngleq Pp6f vt/gfs k|sl[ tsf] ¿kdf k|r08 :s'lnª df:6/ ;fx] j n] kl/jf/nfO{
-;f+:s[lts 6f]nL_ df lqmofzLn x'g'eof] . kl5 ToxL 6f]nLnfO{ ljsf; ePsf] 5 . qmflGt / kf6L{sf] gfddf JolQmut ;DklQ qmflGtsf/Ls/0f ug{' ePsf] lyof] .
;+ u 7gsf] cfwf/ agfpF b } ;fdGtL hldgbf/ lj/f] w L y'kfg]{ cfln;fg hLjg latfpg] h:tf u}/;j{xf/f / 3[l0ft pxfFsf] hLag–;ª\lugL, 5f]/L / 5f]/f
uLt÷;ªuLtsf] ynf] agfpg'eof] . @)@( ;fndf qmflGtsf/L sfo{z}nL ljsf; eO/x]sf] 5 . kf6L{ / qmflGtdf cfˆgf] hgo'4df k"0f{sfnLg sfo{stf{ eP .
of]4f sd/]8 Clif b]jsf]6f -cfhfb_ ;Fu ;Dks{ eof] . To;kl5 lghL ;DklQaf6 s'g} of]ubfg gug]{ olt;Dd ls Ps lbg 5f]/f z]v/ ofbj hgo'4df ;lxb
pxfF lg/Gt/ qmflGtsf/L kf6L{ / cfGbf]ngdf lqmofzLn x'ge ' of] . kf6L{ sfddf lxF8b\ f klg k]6f« n
] dfluxfNg] / b'O÷ { rf/ sn x'g'eof] . pxfFsf] hLjg cg's/0fLo
@)#) ;fnlt/ wg'iff / t/fO{÷dw]zd} klg ;fdGtx¿n] sd kmf]g ug{'k/]kl5 l/rfh{ sf8{ dfuL xfNg'kg]{ dfgl;stf lyof] . cGoyf To;k| s f/sf]
Hofnf lbP/ ls;fgnfO{ lbgel/ sfd nufpFy] . ls;fg em08} lgs} xfjL b]lvG5 . csf]l{ t/ kf6L{sf] ;|ft] ÷;fwg / cj;/sf nf]slk|otf ;Dej lyPg . cfh
cw{bf; cj:yfdf lyP . To;sf lj?4df agL cfGbf]ng - ljt/0fdf lgs} c;dfgtfx¿ 5, h;n] ubf{ To;sf] kl/l:ylt km/s ePsf] 5 df:6/
Hofnfbf/L cfGbf]ng_ ;+rfng u/L ;kmn kfg{'eof] . To; gs/fTds c;/ kf6L{ / cfGbf]ngdf klg b]vfk/]sf] 5 . ;fx]jsf] :d[lt lbj;nfO{ b]z, >dlhlj
cfGbf]ngsf] cu'jfO{ u/]sf] cf/f]kdf tTsfnLg k~rfotL olt;Dd ls s}of}F g]tfx¿sf] juf]{Tyfg;d]t ePsf] 5 .
;/sf/n] pxfFnfO{ hgsk'/af6 kqmfp u/]/ 5 dlxgf;Dd ;Gb]z kf}8]n s= /fdj[If ofbj eg] ljNs'n km/s x'gx' G' Yof] . pxfFn]
hgtf / ljZj ;j{xf/f ju{sf] nflu
k|]/0ffsf] >f]t agfpg] ul/GYof] . t/,
hn]Zj/ h]ndf aGbL agfof] . ToxfFaf6 5'6] klg @)#) ;fndf tTsfnLg l;Ëf] kl/jf/nfO{ kf6L{ / qmflGtaf/] a'emfpg'eof] . bfh'efO, 5f]/f5f]/L, >LdtLnfO{ cfh bnfn k'FhLjfbn] d]nf -hfqf–
g]skf -rf}d_ af6 pxfFn] kf6L{sf] ;b:otf lng'eof] . @)#$ ;fndf lzIfs kf6L{sf] sfddf nufpg'eof] . ju{bZ' dgaf/] atfpg'eof] . kf6L{kl| t ljZjf; kj{_ sf] ?kdf ?kfs[t, ljb|k' Ls/0f
k];fdf g} /x]sf] a]nf sdnfgbL 5]psf] afx| lj3f P]nfgL hldg ;'sd' af;Lx¿nfO{ lbnfpg'eof] / qmflGtdf ;Fu;Fu} xf]ldg'eof] . h;n] ubf{ pxfFsf kl/jf/sf tLghgf ub}{ uPsf] 5 . d]nf–hfqf hg;‹if{sf]
lat/0f ug{'eof] . ToxL lgx'Fdf pxfFnfO{ k'gM lu/ˆtf/ u/L h]n xflnof] . ;b:ox¿n] qmflGtdf alnbfg u/] . kl/jf/sf ;b:ox¿sf] kf6L{kl| tsf] ljZjf; df]rf{ xf]Og . d]nfdf ;xeflusf] p2]Zo
@)#% ;fndf lzIf0f k];f5f]8L k"0f{sfnLg sfo{stf{sf] ¿kdf lqmofzLn x'ge' of] . / alnbfgL efjgfn] Tof] s'/f k"0f{¿kn] k|dfl0ft ul/;Sof] . cfh klg afFrs ] f / cj:yf klg Pp6} x'bF g} g\ . bnfn
To;kl5sf lbgx¿df klg ;fdGt hldgbf/ / k'ln; k|zf;gn] pxfFnfO{ kl/jf/sf ;b:ox¿ s'g} g s'g} ¿kdf cfGbf]ng jl/kl/ lqmofzLn 5g\ . k'FhLkltx? hu]8f ;fdfg a]Rg uf}8f]
emg} b'Mv lbg yfNof] . /fhgLlts cf:yfs} cfwf/df pxfFnfO{ @)#% ;fn kf}if s= /fdj[If cfk"m dWodjuL{o ls;fg kl/jf/sf] x'gx' G' Yof] . pxfFn] ju{;3 + if{ s'/]/ a;]sf x'G5g\\ . aa''/f hgtf
! b]lv @)#& j}zfv % ;Dd h]ndf /flvof] . hgdt ;+ux| sf] a]nf dtbfgsf] / To;nfO{ ;+rfng ug]{ qmddf cfˆgf] k}t[s ;DklQ a]Rb} hfg'eof] / ul/a cf:yf / hLjg lgjf{xsf] s'l' 6/f] af]s/]
;dodf pxfFnfO{ lu/ˆtf/ u/L b'O{ lbg;Dd a]kQf kfl/of] . Tolt dfq xf]Og, ls;fgdf ablng'eof] . ;fy}, hflu/ klg 5f]8g\ e ' of] . ;fyL / kf6L{nfO{ cfly{s cfPsf x'G5g\\ .
tTsfnLg k~rfotsf bnfn x]daxfb'/ dNnsf n7}tx¿n] pxfFsf] 3/df uO{ ;xof]u ug{ lxlRsrfpg'ePg . jf:tjdf pxfF ju{;‹if{sf] e§Laf6 vfl/Psf] pgLx? cyf{t bnfn k'h F Ljfbsf]
ax'bnnfO{ ;xof]u u/]sf] cfwf/df kl/jf/x¿nfO{ s'6lk6 u/L aL;f}+ xhf/sf] ;j{xf/fs[t g]tf x'gx' G' Yof] . kfpdf nDk;f/ k|rG8x? df:6/
;DklQ n'6kf6 u/] . @)$@ ;fndf wg'iff lhNnfsf] ad{lemofdf ljif ;]jg ax' d ' v L k| l tefsf wgL ;fx]ak|ltsf] ;xfg'el" t / cfbz{nfO{
u/L Ps hgfsf] Hofg uof] . To;nfO{ xTof ul/Psf] em'6f] cf/f]k v8f u/L s. /fdj[If ofbj t/fO{ dw]zsf] Ps dfq rf}tkmL{ k|ltefzfnL g]tf lrlgofF k'hF Lkltju{n] ljn lSn06gsL
tTsfnLg k|wfgk~rsf n7}tx¿n] pxfFnfO{ ;dftL oftgf lbP . v'§f efFlrlbP x'gx' G' Yof] . pxfF j}rfl/s /fhgLlts ¿kn] k|:6 x'gx' G' Yof] . hlxn] klg kf6L{leq k|d] Lsf n]jg] :] sLsf] kmf]6f] / gfdsf]
/ b'O{ lbg;Dd k|wfgk~rsf] 3/df y'g/] /fv]kl5 hgsk'/df pkrf/ u/fpg] / aflx/ ;a}lt/sf u}/;j{xf/f k|j[lQlj?4sf] /fhgLlts j}rfl/s ;‹if{df s08d agfP/ a]re] m} df:6/ ;fx]anfO{
qmddf pxfF efUg ;kmn x'ge ' of] / ef/tdf pkrf/ u/fpg'eof] . To;kl5sf qmflGtsf/L wf/df b[9tfk"j{s pleg'eof] . pxfF ef}lts / dfgl;s b'a} ¿kn] r'gfjL :jfy{df ljlgdo ug{ rfxG5g\\ .
lbgx¿df eg] pxfF e"ldut ¿kdf /fhgLltdf lqmofzLn /xg'eof] . @)$@ n8fs' x'gx' G' Yof] . pxfF s'zn ;+u7s klg x'gx' G' Yof] ;fy}, >dhL˜lj ;flxTo / slt eofgs ck/fw x]//] al;/x]sf]
;fnsf] kf6L{ ljefhgkl5 pxfF tTsfnLg g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ -dzfn_ df ;ª\uLtdf /fd|f] bVvn /fVg'x'GYof] . …k]?d] nfn emG8f kmx/f/]Ú eGg] pxfFsf] 5f}+ xfdL Û o:tf] ck/fw x]//] afFRg'
lqmofzLn x'g'eof] . @)$% ;fnsf] ls;fg cfGbf]ngdf pxfFn] ;lqmotfk"j{s rlr{t uLt;Fu} pxfFn] d}lynL, lxGbL / g]kfnLdf uLt–;ª\uLt /rgf ug]{ / eGbf t h'4zdz]/sf] zflns cufl8
g]t[Tj ug{'eof] . ToxL lgx'Fdf @)$^ h]7 ^ df pxfFnfO{ lu/ˆtf/ u/L h]n ufpg] ug{x' G' Yof] . pxfFsf krf;j6f hlt /rgf k|sflzt 5g\ eg] Tolts} cfTdxTof ug{' >]ois/ x'G5 .
xflnof] . h]nleq / aflx/ b'a} 7fpFdf pxfFsf] l/xfOsf] rsf]{ cfjfh pl7/xFbf ;+Vofdf ck|sflzt 5g\ . pxfF hg;]js / hglk|o x'g'x'GYof] . ufpF–;dfh df:6/ ;fx]jn] @)#(÷)$)
klg pxfFnfO{ cGttM @)$( ;fndf dfq} l/xfO ul/of] . h]nd'Qm ePkl5 cfkmGt ;a}nfO{ pxfFn] ;xof]u ug{x' G' Yof] . jf:tjdf s= /fdj[If ofbj hgtfsf] ;fnlt/ tTsfnLg g]skf -dfn]_ xfn
pxfFn] k6]/jfsf] sl/a c9fO{ ;o lj3f hldg ls;fgx¿nfO{ lat/0f ug{e ' of] . cfFvfsf] gfgL x'g'eof] . ;du|df pxfF t/fO{–dw]z dfq} xf]Og, km]l/ klg ;du| Pdfn]?kL ;+zf]wgjfbsf] lj?4 …klx/g
@)%! ebf} ! ut]sf] g]kfn aGb sfo{qmd ;kmn kf/L ef]lnkN6 ebf} @ df qmflGtsf] Ps rf}tkmL{ k|ltefzfnL g]tf x'g'eof] . gjsf r'8F L ;f8L emfkfnL gf}hjfgÚ
cfˆgf] ufpFdf kmls{+b} ubf{ l;len 8«];sf k'ln; / g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] s]Gb|Lo hgo' 4 sf] tof/Ldf phf{ uLt n]Vg' ePsf] lyof] . emkfnL
of]hgf d'tflas n7}tx¿ nufO{ ad{lemofdf g} pxfFsf] cdfgjLo 9Ën] xTof tTsfnLg g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ n] @)%@ ;fn kmfu'g ! ut]af6 dxfg\ o'jfx?n] r'/f, ;f8L nufP eGb} uLt
ul/of] . To;a]nf pxfF g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ sf] s]Gb|Lo ;b:o x'g'x'GYof] . hgo'4sf] kxnsb\dL lnof] . hgo'4 Pp6f ;du| o'4 lyof] / Tof] ;r]tk"js { ufpg] df:6/ ;fx]jn] hLjgko{Gt
qmflGtk| l t lgM:jfy{ lgi7f kf6L{n] lnPsf] kxnsb\dL lyof] . hgo'4sf] tof/Ldf kf6L{ tLj| ultdf al9/x]sf] ;+zf]wgjfb eGg' ePsf] Pdfn]df g}
s= /fdj[If ofbjsf w]/} u'0fx¿ lyP . d[be ' fifL ;/n, zfnLg / ldng;f/ a]nf sd/]8 /fdj[If ofbjnfO{ xTof ul/of] . pxfFsf] ;‹if{do hLjg / alnbfgLn] k| r 08sf] lj;h{ g ePsf] 5 .
JolQmTjsf] wgL x'g'x'GYof] . tyflk pxfFsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] / dxTjk"0f{ u'0f kf6L{df / cfGbf]ngdf Iflt eof] t/ Tof] zf]snfO{ kf6L{ / qmflGtn] zlQmdf j:t'kl| tsf] wf/0ff kl/jt{g ug{ j:t'df,
lgMzt{M ju{ / qmflGtk|ltsf] lgi7f lyof] . cfh klg pxfFsf ;kgf ;fsf/ kfg{ abNof] . cem o;f]eGbf cGoyf x'g5 ] g} s= /fdj[Ifsf] ;du| qmflGtsf/L hLjg, p;sf] u'0fdf kl/jt{g ePsf] x'gk' 5{ .
xfdL ;lqmotfk"j{s nflu/x]sf 5f}+ t}klg pxfFdf b]lvg] lgM:jfy{ / lgMzt{tf ljlzi6 k|sf/sf] of]ubfg, pxfFsf] pRr k|s[ltsf] alnbfgL ;fy}, hgtf tyf dbg eG8f/Ls[t ax'bnLo hgjfb
l;Ëf] kf6L{df / t/fO{÷dw]zdf klg lgs} sdhf]/ 5 . qmflGtsf/L sd / sfo{stf{x¿sf] Åbodf pxfFn] kf/]sf] ;sf/fTds k|efjn] g} kf6L{n] Tof] zf]snfO{ gfdsf] bnfn k'h F Ljfbsf] ?k / u'0f
qmflGtk|]dL a9L x'g] . kf6L{df nfUg] t/ b'Mv si6 a]xf]g{ gk/f];\ eGg] 7fGg] . zlQmdf abNg ;Dej ePsf] lyof] . s]Gb|Lo g]tfsf] hgo'4sf] tof/Ldf ePsf] oyfjt\ 5 / emGemg\ ktglt/} 5 .
5f]/f5f]/L /fhgLltdf ghfpmg\, k9fO g5'6f];\, ;DklQ g36f];\, aGb÷Jofkf/ alnbfgn] ;du| hgo'4nfO{ cufl8 a9fpg 7"nf] k|]/0ffsf] sfd u¥of] . s= Pdfn]?kL j:t' pxL 5, p:t} 5 t/
rln/fvf];\, k'/fgf ;DaGw gelTsof];\, Tofu÷tk:of / alnbfg c?n] u¿g\ /fdj[Ifsf] ;kgf g]kfndf gofF hgjfbL qmflGt ;DkGg u/L ;dfhjfb x'bF } To;nfO{ x]g{] k|r08 b[li6 kl/jt{g
cfkm" g]tf eO/fVg' kfOof];\ h:tf lrGtgx¿ xfjL 5g\ t/ /fdj[Ifdf To;k|sf/sf] ljZj;fDojfbdf k'Ug] lyof] . /fdj[Ifn] rfx]sf] Tof] j}1flgs ;dfhjfbsf ePsf] 5 . df:6/ ;fx]jnfO{ bnfn
Jojxf/ / lrGtg b'j} lyPg . lglDt ;du| 9Ën] PsLs[t hgqmflGtsf] sfo{lbzfsf] ljsf; u/L s= ljKnjsf] k'h
F Ljfbn] cfsif{s …6«8] dfs{Ú agfpg
To;a]nfsf pxfFsf ;fyLx¿sf cg';f/ pxfF kf6L{ / ;‹if{sf] lglDt cfˆgf] g]t[Tjdf g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ cufl8 al9/x]sf] 5 . of] kf6L{n] g} sd/]8 vf]Hb}5 . To;sf/0f df:6/ ;fx]jnfO{
;DklQ a]Rb} hfg], kl/jf/ ;a}nfO{ kf6L{s/0f ub}{ n}hfg], ju{;q';Fu gem'Sg], /fdj[If ofbjsf] ;kgfnfO{ ;fsf/ kfg]5 { . g]kfnL ;dfhnfO{ j}1flgs ;dfhjfbsf] uNnfsf] sf]7Llt/ l3;fg]{ if8\oGq tyf
ju{kl| t ulx/f] lgi7f, efj / ;du|¿kdf ;j{xf/fju{s/0f ug]{ h:tf sDo'lg:6 lbzfdf n}hfg]5 . sd/]8 /fdj[If ofbj nfn ;nfd Û s= /fdj[If ofbjn] ck/fwsdL{af6 /Iff ug{' g} ;lxb
u'0fx¿ pxfFdf lyP . To;sf] k|efj pxfFsf kl/jf/df k|:6;Fu b]lvGYof] . b]vfPsf] af6f]df cl3 a9f}F . /fdj[If ofbjk|ltsf] ;Rrf ;Ddfg xf] .
 @)&( ;fn ebf} % ut] cfOtaf/
tLg a'b“ ] ;xdlt, r'gf}tL / PsLs[t hgqmflGt
g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf zLif{:y g]tT[ j,
sfo{stf{ / ;dy{s hgtfsf lj?4df lhNnf
cbfnt nlntk'/n] tLg a'bF ] ;xdltnfO{
nTofP/ slyt kqmfp k'hL{ hf/L u/]sf] 5 .
;fpg ^ ut] hf/L u/]/ pQm k'hL{ ;fpgsf]
!^ ut] ;fj{hlgs u¥of] . of] d"ntM
zflGtk|lqmofnfO{ efF8g\ / b]znfO{ åGålt/
ws]Ng] if8\oGqsf/L p2]Zodf cfPsf]
ljZn]if0fx? eO/x]sf 5g\ . sfg'gL ts{x?n]
5f]k/] s]xLn] o;sf] 7f8f] lj/f]w / åGåsf]
kIfdf jsfnt ul//x]sf 5g\ . ljleGg
axfgfafhL ub}{ ;xdltnfO{ kl5 ws]Nb}
hfg'n] ;/sf/sf] tyfslyt k|lta4tf,
/fhg}lts a]OdfgL / bnfn k'h F LjfbLx?sf
uDeL/ if8\oGqnfO{ klg aflx/ ;txdf
NofOlbPsf] 5 . tTsfn} g]skfn] To;sf]
lgGbf / eT;{gf;lxt ;/sf/nfO{ s8f
r]tfjgL klg lbPsf] 5 . k|jQmf sd/]8
k|sf08n] hf/L ul/Psf] lj1lKtdf pNn]v
ul/Psf] 5, æ/fHo / ;/sf/ g]kfn sDo'lg:6
kf6L{;uF ul/Psf] tLg a'bF ] ;xdltsf] pNn+3g
ug],{ zflGtk|lqmofnfO{ efF8g\ ,] b]znfO{ åGålt/
ws]Ng] xs{t ub}{ 5 eGg] s'/fsf] k'li6 ePsf]
5 . h'g ;jf{lws if8\oGqsf/L, cfklQhgs
/ v]bhgs 5 . æb]znfO{ åGåsf] e"d/Ldf
km;fpg rfxg] ;fd|fHojfbLx¿sf] :jfy{åf/f
k|l] /t pQm if8\oGqsf lj?4df b]zeQm,
/fi6«jfbL, k|ultzLn nf]stGqjfbL /
qmflGtsf/L sDo'lgi6 zlQmn] To;sf] s8f
k|ltjfb u/]sf 5g\ . ;fy} kl/jt{g, zflGt
/ Gofok|d] L cfdg]kfnL hgtfn] Jofks
?kdf b]ze} / k|lt/f]w ;+3if{ ul//x]sf 5g\ .
h'g cToGt} k|z; + gLo / ;sf/fTds 5 .
/fi6«3ft / hg3ftlj?4df b[9tfk"js
;+3if{sf] g]tT[ j u/]s} sf/0f tTsfnLg cf]nL–
k|r08 ;/sf/n] g]skfnfO{ k|ltaGw nufof] .
b'O{ jif]{ k|ltaGw / kmf;LjfbL bdgnfO{
g]kfnL >lds hgtf / kf6L{n] b[9tfk"js { of] g} if8\oGqsf] bf];f| ] sf/0f xf] .
k|lt/f]w u¥of] . :d/0fLo 5, ut ;fn kmfu'g
@! ut] g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ / tTsfnLg
s]kL cf]nLsf] ;/sf/ lar # a'bF ] ;xdlt
ePsf] lyof] . h;sf] t];f| ] a'bF fdf ;Dk"0f{
/fhaGbL g]tf–sfo{stf{x¿sf] lgzt{ l/xfO
/ em'¶f d'2fx¿ vf/]hL ug]{ ;xdlt 5 .
kfFr dlxgf;Dd cf]nL ;/sf/n] To;nfO{
nfu" u/]g . ca clxn] b]pjf g]tT[ jsf]
u7aGwg ;/sf/ cfˆg} k|lta4tf /
;xdltnfO{ pNn+3g ub}{ zflGt k|lqmof efF8g\
lgn{Hh 9+un] plqof] . t/ g]skfn] pQm
;xdltnfO{ cfˆgf]tkm{af6 cIf/zM kfngf
ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . cfh ;xdlt ePsf] !&
dlxgf k'/f eof] . zflGt / cu|udgsf]
nId0f/]vf tf]8g\ ;/sf/L kIf lsg nflu/x]sf]
5 < ca o;sf] lx;fa ug]{ a]nf cfPsf]
5 . h;sf] d'Vo b'O{ sf/0fx? 5g\ .
klxnf], ljBdfg Joj:yf / g]tT[ jsf]
c;kmntfsf sf/0f ;du| If]q ;+s6u|:t
cj:yfdf k'lu;s]kl5 To;nfO{ gofF 9+un]
cu|ufdL kl/jt{gdf abNg] lhDd]jf/L lnP/
g]skfn] tLg a'bF ] ;xdlt u/]sf] lyof] .
lsgeg] b]zn] nuftf/ u'dfpFb} uof] . /fHosf]
k'h F L, >d, ;do / g]kfnL hgzlQm
k':tf}kF :' tfb]lv aaf{b x'bF } cfof] . o;nfO{
gabnL b]zn] sfFrn' L km]g{ ] ;Defjgf 5}g .
of] cf]/fnf] ofqf c? s]xL aif{ /x] b]zs}
cl:tTj g} 8'Ag] vt/f 5 . gjcf}klgj]lzs
cltqmd0f Pj+ bnfn k'h F LjfbL Joj:yf /
g]kfnL hgtfaLrsf] cGtlj{/f]w g} clxn]sf]
k|wfg cGtlj{/f]w xf] . of] cGt/lj/f]wsf]
xn u/]/ g]skfn] jt{dfg ;+s6sf] ;dfwfg
ug{ rfxG5 . hgcfsf+Iffcg';f/ ;+s6sf]
;dfwfg ug{ tTk/ gx'gs ' f] klxnf] sf/0f
eg]sf] of] ;/sf/ hglj/f]wL, ;fdflhs
kmfl;jfbL / ljb]zLx?sf] uf]6L eP/ xf] .
/fli6«o :jfy{df b]zelQm / g}lts Ifdtf
lrlgg] xf] . nfhsf] 6fnf] km'l:sP/ gfssf]
gTyL b]lvPkl5 efF8g\ nufpg]x?sf]
cfb]znfO{ ;/sf/L kIfn] k"/f ul//x]sf] xf] Û
olb To;} ug{ vf]hs ] } xf] eg] p;n] 7"nf]
d"No r'sfpg' kg]5 { .
bf]>f] sf/0f eg]sf] bnfn k'h F LjfbL
n'6tGqnfO{ l6sfpg kmf;LjfbL bdgsf]
if8\oGq o;df cGt/lglxt 5 . klxnf]
a'bF fd} …b'a} kIf /fhg}lts ;d:ofx¿ jftf{
tyf ;+jfbaf6 ;dfwfg ug{ ;xdt ePsf
5f}Ú+ elgPsf] ;xdltcg';f/ ;/sf/ k|jz ] dxf;lrjn] ;+Zn]if0f ug{e' Psf] lyof]–
ug}{ rfx]g . pQm ;xdltdf ;j{ky| d /fli6«o
;fj{ef}ldstfsf] /Iff, /fhg}lts, cfly{s,
;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts, ljsf;nufotsf
If]qx?df ePsf] ljs/fn cj:yfnfO{ abNg]
d'2fx? 5g\ . bf]>f], ;xh lzIff, :jf:Yo /
/f]huf/L nufot hgtfsf] cfwf/e"t
cfjZostfnfO{ Uof/]G6L ug]{ d'2fx? 5g\ .
t]>f], ldlxg]taz hgtfsf] nf]stflGqs
zf;g k|0ffnL :yfkgf u/]/ e|i6frf/sf]
cGTo / ;'zf;gsf] Uof/]G6L ug]{ . rf}yf],
cfly{s–;fdflhs Gofo;lxtsf] k"jf{wf/
ljsf; / ;d[l4sf] ofqfdf b]znfO{ cl3
a9fpg] b"/bzL{ b[li6sf]0fx¿ 5g\ . kfFrf},F
ljBdfg juL{o, hftLo, If]qLo /
ln+uLonufotsf cGt/lj/f]wx¿nfO{
;dfwfg ug{ / tdfd\ lje]bx¿nfO{ cGTo
u/L cfTdlge{/ Pj+ ultzLn cfly{s–
;fdflhs kl/kf6L lgdf{0f ug]{ cflb
k|:tfjx? o;df 5g\ . pk/f]Qm clt h?/L
/fli6«o …Ph]08fdfÚ k|jz ] ug{ grfxg'n]
;/sf/sf] lgoltnfO{ g} :ki6 kf/]sf] 5 .
lsgeg]$, bnfn k'h F LjfbLx¿sf] n'6sf] :ju{
w/fkdf kb}5{ .
oL Ph]08fn] ;+;bjfbL g]tfx?df ljBdfg
/x]sf] kZrufdL ;f]r, bnfn k|jl[ Q / kl/jt{g
lj/f]wL Pj+ hg3ftL ljrf/ / Jojxf/nfO{
kl/Tofu ug{k' g]{ 7fpFdf k'¥ofpF5 . b]z / hgtfsf]
{ :jfy{nfO{ s]Gb| efudf /fv]/ ablng afWo
agfpF5 . t/ …c/asf s/Ú / …zlQmsf] t/Ú
dfg]{ sfd aGb x'g] ePkl5 g} bnfnx?sf]
lu/f]x z'¿b]lv g} if8\oGq ug{ lqmofzLn eof] .
oBlk ljBdfg ;Í6u|:t /fli6«o
kl/l:yltsf] ue{df cGt/lglxt eo+s/
pynk'ynn] cu|ufdL lgsf;sf] dfu
ul//x]sf] 5 . hgtfsf] dxfg\ ;kgfnfO{
k"/f ug{ / clxn]sf] ;+s6sf] cu|ufdL lgsf;
lbg xfdL tof/ 5f}+ . g]skfn] cufl8 ;f/]sf
/fhgLlts Ph]08fdf k|jz ] ug]{ tLg a'bF ]
;xdltsf] lhDd]jf/Laf6 ;/sf/ efUg
vf]hs ] f] xf]Og eg] p;sf] k|lta4tfnfO{
tTsfn k'/f u/f];\ . cGoyf zflGt ef8\g]
if8\oGq hf/L /fv] bnfn k'h F Ljfb / ltgsf
dltof/nfO{ g]kfnL hgtfn] /5\ofgdf
ge]l6g] u/L ldNSofOlbg] 5 . o;n]
;dfhjfb :yfkgfsf] lglDt g} dfu{ k|z:t
ug]5 { . clxn] ;dfhjfbL qmflGtsf cl3
tTsfnLg b'O{ d'Vo r'gf}tLx¿ cfPsf] 5 .
!= afx\o x:tIf]k / r'gf}tL
ljZj kl/l:yltsf] :j?kdf sfkmL
dfqfdf u'0ffTds kl/jt{gx? ePsf 5g\ .
e" d 08nLs[ t k' F h Ljfbsf] ;+ s 6 /
cGt/lj/f]wx¿ o'4sf] :t/df b]vfkg{ yfn] .
ax'wj'| Lo ljZj cGt/lj/f]wsf] l:yltdf
clxn] b]z cToGt} ;+uLg, uDeL/ / hl6n
df]8df 5 . ;fd|fHojfbLx¿n] lgn{Hh
k|sf/sf] x:tIf]k tLj| ultdf cl3
a9fO/fv]sf 5g\ . ut kmfu'g !% ut]
/fi6«3ftL Pd;L;L ;bgaf6 cg'df]bg
u/fpg / P;kLkL nfu" ug{ lbPsf] bafa;fd'
b]pjf ;/sf/ / ;+;b\jfbL bnx? nDk;f/
ePkl5 ;fd|fHojfbL /0fgLltdf g]kfnnfO{
km;fpg if8\oGqx? eP . o;n] b]zleq
ce"tk"j{ / c;fwf/0f w|j' Ls/0f ug{s ' f]
;fy;fy} hl6n b]zelQmk"0f{ k|lt/f]w ;+3if{sf]
l:yltdf k'¥ofPsf] 5 . qmflGtsf] ;}4flGts
/ /fhgLlts sfo{gLltsf] k|of]unfO{ lnP/
g]skfsf] af/]df / To;}u/L ;+;bjfbL
bnx¿n] u/]sf] ;fd|fHojfb k/:t bnfn
k|al[ Qsf af/]df g]kfnL hgtfdf ca ;fdfGo
c:ki6tf klg afFsL /x]g . k|fof]lht 9+un]
sGrg– ;'bz{g;lxt gf}hgfsf] ;d"xnfO{
g]skfaf6 cnu u/]/ /fli6«otfsf] t]h ultsf]
cfGbf]ng dTy/ x'g] s'/f lyPg . a¿
km'6jfbsf cg]sf}F e|d / if8\oGqnfO{ lrb}{ /
k/f:t ub}{ kf6L{ emg\ ;zQm / ;'b9[ eof] .
s]xL gnfu]kl5 km'6jfbLx?sf] lano sxL+
g sxL+ g} x'gk' b{Yof] / clxn] Tof] x'bF } klg
5 . km'6jfbLx¿sf] ;Gbe{df sd/]8
æb'Zdgsf] t/af/ ldqsf] 3fF6Ldf em'G8fpg
vf]Hg] km'6jfbLx¿ /0fd}bfgaf6 ljno x'g
vf]hs] f x'G5g . æs;sf] uf]6L algof] eg]/
kZrtfk unf{g\ of gunf{g\ t/ OdfGbf/
k|]d bgf{n ‘ljsNk’
qmflGtsf/L sd/]8sf] lglDt eg] Tof] s'g}
klg k|sf/n] k'li6 x'g ;Sb}gYof] / eP
klg . g]kfnsf] sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngdf
clxn];Dds} ;jf{lws abgfdLsf if8\oGqx?
qmflGtsf/L g]tT[ j, kf6L{ / cfGbf]ngsf lj?4
s]lGb|t x'g k'u] . k/Gt', To;nfO{ kf6L{ /
g]tT[ jn] cfˆgf] j}rfl/s >]i7tf / Jojxfl/s
kf/blz{tfaf6 k/f:t u¥of] . klxnf] if8\oGq
gsfd ePkl5 bf];f| n] fO{ k|of]u ug{ yfn]sf]
5 . hlxn] klg ;fd|fHojfbn] æ6' 6«ofk
kf]ln;LÆ åf/f b]zeQm qmflGtsf/L zlQmnfO{
k'h
F LjfbL ;+;b\jfbsf] dxfhfndf km;fP/
bnfn kf6L{df abNg] / csf]l{ t/ Tof] ;Dej
geP bdgsf] k|lqmofaf6 l;Wofpg] b'O{
wf/] /0fgLlt clVtof/ ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . bf];f| ]
/0fgLltdf k|jz ] u/]kl5 p;n] dxf;lrj
sd/] 8 ljKnj / k| j Qmf sd/] 8
k|sf08nufotsf g]tfx? / kf6L{sf] lj?4df
if8\oGqx? s]lGb|t ug{ k'us ] f] 5 . of] l:yltdf
l;+uf] kf6L{n] qmflGtsf] sfo{ef/nfO{ gofF prfOdf
p7fP/ k"/f ug}{ bfloTj cfPsf] 5 .
cd] l /sL ;fd| f Hojfb
gjpklgj]zLs/0fsf] k|lqmofåf/f g]kfnsf]
k|fs[lts ;fwg;|ft] , vfgL, hldg, hn;|ft] ,
o'/l] god sAhf ug{ cfPsf] xf] . of] d'VotM
g]kfndf j}1flgs ;dfhjfbL qmflGtsf
lj?4df cfPsf] 5 . clxn] cd]l/sf æPs
/0fgLlt tLg nIoÆ cGtu{t p;sf] d'Vo
k|lt:kwL{ hgu0ftGq rLgsf lj?4 3]/f xfNg,
blIf0fdf ef/tnfO{ sfa'df /fVg / b]zeQm
Pj+ sDo'lgi6x?nfO{ sdhf]/ agfpg g]kfndf
P;kLkL nfu" ug{ rfxG5 . blIf0f–k"jL{
Pl;ofdf g] k fnafx] s kfls:tfg,
ckmuflg:tfg, >Ln+sf, Dofgdf/nufot
p;sf] lglDt 3':g] s'g} klg 7fpF afFsL
/x]g . ev{/} cd]l/sfsf] Pl;of Kofl;lkms
sdf08 x]g{ ] ;]gfsf hg/n rfN;{ PGyf]gL
lˆngn] g]kfn e|d0fsf] qmddf æg]kfn e"kltÆ
ePsf] l6Kk0fL ug{n' ] oxL s'/fnfO{ k'li6 ub{5 .
t]nsf] yf]kfyf]kf hf]ufcf}+
OGwg vr{ 36fcf}+
ev{/} cd]l/sL l;g]6/ tyf tNnf] ;bgsL
;efd'v GofG;L kf]ln;Ln] …Ps rLg gLltsf]Ú
lj?4df pgsf] tfO{kO] { e|d0f / To;sf
lj?4df rLgn] u/]sf] hjfkmL ;}lgs cEof;n]
ax'wj' | Lo ljZj cGt/lj/f]w / To;af6 l;lh{t
zLto'4nfO{ k'li6 ub{5 . lrlgofF sDo'lg:6
kf6L{sf cGt/f{li6«o ljefusf k|dv ' nL
lhG:ofcf]sf] g]kfn e|d0f u/] nuQ} blIf0f
tyf dWoPl;of x]g{] cd]l/sL ;xfos
ljb]zdGqL 8f]gfN8 n'sf] hjfkmL g]kfn
e|d0fn] klg p;n] clGtd an nufO/x]sf]
k'li6 ub{5 . b]z ;fd|fHojfbL Pj+
zlQm/fi6«x¿sf] qmL8f:yn aGg] vt/f emg}
a9]/ uof] . g]kfnsf] Oltxf; / e"uf]n ;jf{lws
hf]lvddf k/]sf] 5 . bnfn k|jl[ Q ePsf
;+;bjfbL bnsf g]tfx?n] ;fd|fHojfbnfO{
k/f:t u/]/ b]z / hgtfnfO{ d'Qm ug]{ s'/f
t s] ltgnfO{ r'gf}tL lbg ;Sg] cj:yfsf
5}gg\ . oBlk ;fd|fHojfblj/f]wL df]rf{ /
:jflwgtfsf] kIfdf s/f]8f}+ b]zeQm g]kfnL /
qmflGtsf/L sDo'lgi6 zlQmx? 5g\ . pQm
df]rf{nfO{ zlQmzfnL / lg0ff{os agfpgsf]
lglDt tTsfn kfFrj6f If]qsf] sfdnfO{ cl3
j9fpg cfjZos 5 . klxnf] ,
;fd|fHojfblj/f]wL ;Dk"0f{ qmflGtsf/L
sDo'lgi6 zlQmnfO{ Pstfa4 agfpg] . bf];f| ,]
;fd|fHojfblj/f]wL cfGbf]ngsf/L hgtfsf
zlQmx?;Fu ;DaGw / ;xsfo{ a9fpg] .
t];f| ,] cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfb lj?4 ;+3if{ u/]sf
b]zx?;Fu ;DaGw a9fpg] . rf}yf], ;dfhjfbL
b]zx?af6 /fli6«o :jfwLgtfsf] kIfdf /
qmflGtsf] lglDt ;xof]u / ;dy{g h'6fpFb}
;fd|fHojfb lj/f]wL df]rf{nfO{ ;zQm agfpg],
kfFrf},+ ;Dk"0f{ b]zeQm, k|ultzLn nf]stGqjfbL
/ ;Rrf sDo'lgi6x? aLrsf] a[xt\ Pstf
lgdf{0f ug]{ cflb .
xfd|f] bfloTj eg]s} b]z / hgtfk|ltsf]
lhDd]jf/L xf] . b]zeQm g]kfnLn] /ut aufP/
b]zsf] /Iff u/]sf] nfdf] Oltxf; 5 . afXo
x:tIf]k / cltqmd0faf6 b]znfO{ d'Qm ug{
cfjZos kbf{ alnbfg ug{ / To;k|sf/sf]
alnbfgLk"0f{ ;+3if{sf] g]tT[ j ug{ xfdL tof/
5f}+ . b]zelQmk"0f{ alnbfgL ;+3if{df b]zeQm
qmflGtsf/Lx? v/fgL eP5f}+ eg] ls t
ljZjsf] gS;faf6 g]kfn ;w}s + f nflu
d]l6Pnf ls g]kfn Pp6f dxfg\ / d'Qm
b]zsf ¿kdf ;u/dfyf em}F pRr sLlt{dfgLn]
k|l;4 /xg]5 . of] lhDd]jf/LnfO{ k"/f ug{'
x/]s b]zeQm qmflGtsf/Lsf] lglDt uf}/jsf]
ljifo xf] . kxf8eGbf uxf}{ r'gf}tLx¿ 5g\
t/ ha tLg s/f]8 g]kfnL Pp6} kmnfd]
lsNnfsf ?kdf ;+ul7t x'G5g\ ta
b]zelQmk"0f{ k|lt/f]w ;+3if{sf] ljhonfO{ s;}n]
klg /f]Sg ;Sg] 5}g . g]skfn] pQm
r'gf}tLx¿nfO{ ;fdgf u/]/ b]z / hgtfsf]
/Iff ug]{ lhDd]jf/LnfO{ k"/f ug]5 { .
@= /fli6«o ;+s6 / r'gf}tL
b]zsf] ;du| l:ylt ;+s6sf] cj:yfaf6
u'lh|/x]sf] 5 . /fli6«o cfjZostf /
hgck]Iff ljk/Lt lbzfdf /fHo k'us ] f] 5 .
;/sf/ To;}sf] lgl/x s7\kt' nL ag]/
plePsf] 5 . o;f] x'gs ' f] k5fl8 bnfn
;+;bLo k'h F LjfbL /fHo;Qfsf] kl/0flt xf] .
g]kfn cfon lgud lnld6]8
kmf]g g+=+ $@^@(&), km\ofS; M $@^#$&!
h;n] ubf{ b]zleq >lds / ls;fgx¿sf
;d:of, pTkLl8t >lds ;d'bfo /
dlxnfsf ;d:of, a]/f]huf/L / o'jf k|ltef
knfogsf ;d:of, Jofkf/3f6f, /fli6«o
pTkfbg / k'h F Lsf] ;+s6, e|i6frf/ / dxËLsf
;d:ofx? ljs/fn cj:yfdf k'us ] f] 5 .
/fli6«o :jfy{nfO{ kl/Tofu ug{n ' ] of]
Joj:yfdf /fli6«otf, ;d[l4 / nf]stGqsf]
gf/f slt vf]qmf] / kfv08L 5 eGg] s'/f
cfdhgtfdf Jofks ?kdf k|dfl0ft ePsf]
5 . bnfn k'FhLjfbL Joj:yfn] g}
nuftf/?kn] cl:y/tf, s'zf;g / sof}+
/fhg}lts Pj+ cfly{s ck/fwx?sf] 8/nfUbf]
rqmLo e"d/Ldf Pskl5 csf]{ u/L b]znfO{
km;fO/x]sf] 5 . o;sf] cltl/Qm o;n]
;fd|fHojfbL zlQm s]Gb|x¿sf] /0fgLlts
:jfy{sf] 3fgdf k"/} d'ns ' sf] cl:tTjnfO{
bfpdf kf/]sf] 5 . b]z / hgtfsf] cu|ufdL
lxtnfO{ ;'lglZrt gug]{ eP/ g} ;a} k|sf/n]
c;kmnl;4 bnfn k'h F LjfbL ;+;bLo
Joj:yfsf] cf}lrTo ;dfKt ePsf] xf] .
h;sf] cu|ufdL lgsf; t'?Gt h?/L
eO;s]sf] 5 . Tof] eg]s} j}1flgs
;dfhjfbL ;Qf, k|0ffnL / b]zeQm Pj+
qmflGtsf/L g]tT[ jsf] :yfkgf xf] . To;}n]
o;sf] lglDt ;a} b]zeQm, k|ultzLn /
qmflGtsf/L zlQmx? Pstfa4 x'g,] Jofks
/ zlQmzfnL ;+3if{sf] df]rf{ lgdf{0f ug]{
r'gf}tL olta]nf xfd|f] /fli6«o sfo{ef/ aGg
k'us] f] 5 .
PsLs[t hgqmflGt
pk/f]Qm /fli6«o Pj+ cGt/f{li6«o j:t'ut
kl/l:yltsf sf/0f ;dfhjfbL qmflGtsf] /
/fli6«o ;fj{ef}ldstf /Iffsf] cfGbf]ng Ps
csf{af6 cnu ug{ g;lsg] cjoj x'g\
eGg] xfd|f] gLltsf] j}1flgstf klg emg\
:ki6 ePsf] 5 . ljZj qmflGt / k|ltqmflGtsf
Jofks ;sf/fTds / gsf/fTds
cg'ejx¿åf/f sd/]8 n]lggn] eg]em}+ 7f];\
kl/l:yltsf] 7f];\ ljZn]if0f ub}{ To;sf]
j}1flgs ;+Zn]if0f u/]/ lg/Gt/ qmflGtsf]
lbzfdf cufl8 a9\g' eg]sf] dfn]dfjfbsf]
d"ne"t ;f/tTj xf] . blIf0fkGyL ;+zf]wgjfb
/ h8;"qLo ;+zf]wgjfbsf lj?4df lg/Gt/
;+3if{ ub}{ ju{;3+ if{ / ljrf/wf/fTds ;+3if{sf]
k|lqmofdf dxf;lrj sd/]8 ljKnjsf]
g]tT[ jdf g]kfnL qmflGtsf] ljlzi6 df]8n
PsLs[t hgqmflGtsf] ;+Zn]if0f x'g k'us ] f]
xf] . h;n] dfn]dfjfb Pj+ ljZj qmflGtsf
;fj{ef}d l;4fGtx¿nfO{ b[9tfk"js { kqm]sf]
5 . ;"rgf k|ljlw / lj1fgsf] If]qdf ePsf
ce"tk"j{ kl/jt{gx¿, pTkfbs zlQm,
pTkfbg ;DaGw / pTkfbgsf ;fwgx?n]
lgdf{0f u/]sf] ;fdflhs÷cfly{s ljsf;nfO{
klg ;xL 9+un] ;+Zn]if0f u/]sf] 5 . To;}u/L
k|ltqmflGtsf cg'ejn] ljutsf qmflGtdf
ePsf sdhf] / Lx?÷;Ldfx¿af6
uDeL/tfk"js { lzIff lnP/ To:tf sdhf]/L
bf]xf]l/P/ cfpg glbg bz{g, cy{zf:q,
j}1flgs ;dfhjfb, ju{;3+ if{, kf6L{–;+u7g,
;dfhzf:q / ;+:sf/–;+:s[ltsf] If]qdf
;d]t gofF ;+Zn]if0f u/]sf] 5 . ;+If]kdf
eGg'kbf{ PSsfO;f}F ztfAbLsf] /fli6«o–
7
cGt/f{li6«o j:t'ut Pj+ cfTdut
kl/l:yltdf 7f];\ ljZn]if0fsf cfwf/df
qmflGtnfO{ ljhoL agfpg ljsf; ug{k' g]{
/0fgLlt / sfo{gLltx¿sf] cfjZostfnfO{
PsLs[t hgqmflGtsf] ;+Zn]if0fn] k"/f u/]sf]
5 . of] Tolta]nf ;Dej ePsf] 5, hlta]nf
qmflGt c;Dej ePsf] lgisif{ lgsfn]/
Psflt/ ;+;b\jfbL aGg] wf/f / csf]l{ t/
qmflGtsf lglDt b'a} kl/l:ylt kl/kSj
gePsf] lgisif{ lgsfn]/ h8;"qLo
csd{0otfdf km;]sf] blIf0fkGyL wf/fdf
g]kfnL sDo'lg:6 cfGbf]ng ljeQm lyof] .
tL b'as } f lj?4 lg/Gt/ ljrf/wf/fTds
Pj+ ju{;3+ if{sf] k|lqmofdf g} qmflGtsf] gofF
ljrf/sf] cg';Gwfg, ljsf; / k|of]usf]
wf/f hlGdPsf] xf] . of] d"ntM cfTd;'/Iffjfb
/ csd{Gotfjfb / sNkgfjfb lj?4sf]
sDo'lgi6 qmflGtsf/L wf/f xf] . o;sf/0f
PsLs[t hgqmflGt j}1flgs sfo{lbzf
;+Zn]if0fsf] k|Zgdf g]kfnL qmflGt / Ps
xbdf ljZj qmflGtdf ;d]t sf]z9] Ë' f ;fljt
ePsf] 5 .
qmflGtsf/L sfo{lbzfsf] k|of]usf]
;Gbe{df …qmflGtsf] dfu{ aqm/]vf x'bF } cl3
a9\5Ú eg]/ sd/]8 P+uN] ;n] eg]em}+ PsLs[t
hgqmflGtsf] sfo{lbzf klg ljleGg
sfo{gLlts z[v + nfx?sf] k|of]u ub}{ cl3
a9]sf] 5 . xfd|f] kf6L{ g]tT[ j / PsLs[t
hgqmflGtsf] ljrf/ /fli6«o /fhgLltsf]
lzv/ :yfgdf :yflkt 5 . /fli6«otf,
hgtGq / hghLljsfsf kIfdf xfd|f] kf6L{n]
b[9tfk"js { ;‹if{ ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . g]kfnsf]
/fhgLltdf xfd|f] kf6L{ j}slNks zlQmsf
?kdf lglj{jfb ¿kn] :yflkt 5 . juL{o,
hftLo, n}l+ usnufotsf pTkL8gsf
lj?4sf] d'lQm ;+3if{df xfd|f] kf6L{ /
g]tT[ jk|lt hgtfsf] ckf/ ljZjf; a9\b}
uO/x]sf] 5 . g]kfnL hgtf bnfn k'h F LjfbL
;Qfsf] clwgdf a:g rfxFbg} g\ kl/jt{gsf]
kIfdf 5g\ . Pp6f lglZrt laGb'df k'uk] l5
zlQmzfnL hgpef/ cfpg] ;Defjgf k|an
5 / To;sf] nflu g]tT[ j k|bfg ug{ kf6L{nfO{
Pstfa4 Pj+ ;'b9[ agfpg' k5{ . b]zeQm
/ cu|udgsf kIfw/ ;Dk"0f{ jfdkGyL /
k|ultzLn zlQmx¿sf] aLrdf ;+oQ' m df]rf{
/ PstfnfO{ ;+ul7t Pjd\ ljsl;t ug{
h?/L 5 .
b]ze} l/sf ;lxb kl/jf/, a]kQf of]4fsf
kl/jf/, 3fOt] tyf ckfË of]4fx¿sf] d'lQm,
cfzf, cfsf+Iff / ;kgf k"/f x'G5 eg]/ xfd|}
kf6L{sf] k|tLIff ul//x]sf 5g\ . b]zleq cfd
>lds, ls;fg, dlxnf, blnt, hghflt,
d'l:nd, lk5l8Psf] If]q / ;Dk"0f{ pTkLl8t
hgtfn] xfd|f] kf6L{nfO{ ;d[4 eljio /
kl/jt{gsf] cfzfsf] s]Gb|sf] ?kdf x]/s ] f
5g\ . /fli6«o pBdL Joj;foLx¿, b]zeQm
/fi6«jfbL / ;a} kf6L{df ePsf cu|udgsf
kIfw/ g]tf–sfo{stf{x?;d]t xfd|f] kf6L{nfO{
cfzf / e/f];fsf ?kdf x]/s ] f 5g\ . b]zdf
gjLg ;f]r, r]tgf / hgtfnfO{ cfzf /
ljZjf; lbg;Sg] dfxf;lrj ljKnjsf]
g]tT[ jdf g]skfnfO{ ;dfhjfb :yfkgf ug{
;+;f/sf] s'g} klg zlQmn] /f]Sg ;Sg]5g} .
 8 sf= lh= k|= sf= b= g+= !^#÷@)^#÷^$
efb| &=====
!= xfdL rf/ qmflGtsf/L sDo'lg:6
kf6L{ z]/axfb'/ b]pjf g]tT[ jsf] u7aGwg
;/sf/n] u/]sf] /fi6«3ftL Pd;L;L ;+emf}tf,
g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{;uF ePsf] # aFb' ]
;xdltsf] pNn‹g, g]kfn sDo'lgi6
kf6L{sf dxf;lrj s= ljKnjnufotsf
g]tf, sfo{stf{x?lj?4 hf/L u/]sf] kqmfp
k'hL{, dxËL / e|i6frf/sf] lj?4 r/0fa4
;+3ifsf{ sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng ub}{ cfPsf]
:ki6} 5 . t/, of] bnfn ;/sf/ eg]
u}/lhDd]jf/ tl/sfn] k|ltlqmofljxLg eP/
al;/x]sf] 5 . /fHosf] of] /j}ofsf] xfdL
s8f ?kn] lgGbf ub{5f}+ / oyfzL3|
Pdl;l; / P;lklk, kqmfp k'hL{ / em'¶f
d'2fsf] vf/]hL, ;Dk"0f{ aGbL sd/]8x?sf]
l/xfO{ / cfsflzFbf] dxËL lgoGq0f ug{
dfu ub{5f}+ .
@= /fHo cftÍ, /fi6«3ftL / hg3ftL
;/sf/sf unt sfo{ ;Rofpg, ;'wfg{ /
/f]Sg xfdL;Fu hghfu/0f, hgx:tIf]k /
hg;+3if{ ug{a' fx]s csf]{ ljsNk 5}g .
t;y{ /fHo unt af6f]df lxF8g\ ] h'gd'vt{ f
ul//x] s f] 5 To;nfO{ /f] S g rf/
sDo'lg:6n] hg;+3if{sf sfo{qmdx?
3f]if0ff u/]sf 5f}F . 3f]lift hg;+3if{sf
sfo{qmdx?nfO{ k"0f{ ;xof]u / ;dy{g u/L
hglj/f]wL /fHosf] xs{tnfO{ k/f:t ug{
xfdL ;Dk"0f{ k|ultzLn, jfdkGyL,
b] z eQm/ qmflGtsf/L sDo' l gi6
zlQmx?nfO{ xflb{s cfu|x ub{5f}+ .
#= hgtfsf d'2fx?sf] a]jf:tf
ul/Pdf yk ;zQm ;+3if{sf sfo{qmdx?
3f] i f0ff ul/g] hfgsf/L klg o;}
aQmAodfkm{t\ ;fj{hlgs ub{5f}
;+3if{sf sfo{qmdx? –
• >fj0f @& ut] ;+3if{sf sfo{qmdx?sf]
3f]if0ff,
• efb| ! ut] b]zJofkL lhNnf k|zf;g
sfof{ n odfkm{ t \ k| w fgdGqLnfO{
1fkgkq a'emfpg],
• efb| $ ut] b]zJofkL lj/f]w;ef,
sf7df8f} F pkTosfsf] dfO{ l t3/
d08nfdf s]lGb|t lj/f]w;ef,
• efb| ^ ut] b]zJojkL dzfn h'n;' ,
• efb| & ut] g]kfn aGb .Æ
g]kfnsf]=====
nfUg' e of] . xfn pxfF n ] …kf6L{
u}/sDo'lgi6 / r'gfj lrGx xFl;of
xyf}8fÚsf] h'g k|of]u yfNg'ePsf] 5,
oyfy{df To;n] pxfFnfO{ 7"nf] /fhgLlts
b'36{ gfdf k'¥ofpg] 5 . of] pxfFh:tf
lg/Gt/ k|of]ujfbL g]tfn] ;dodf g}
;f]Rg ;Sg'kg]{ s'/f xf] . x'g t k'iksdn
bfxfn / dfwj g]kfnsf nflu klg
u}/sDo'lgi6 aGg] 7"nf] /x/ b]lvG5 .
oyfy{df pxfFx?sf] ;f]rfO{, af]nfO{ /
sfd u/fO{ ;a} sDo'lgi6 la/f]wL /x]sf
5g\ \ . dfwj g] k fnn] )$^ sf]
/fhgLlts kl/jt{ g af6 b] z df
ax'bnLo ;+;bLo Aoj:yf k'g:yf{kgf
ePsf] s]xL jif{kl5g\} cfk"m Pdfn]sf]
dxf;lrj ePsf] ;dodf kf6L{sf]
gfdaf6 sDo'lgi6 zAb x6fpg] k|of;
ug'e { Psf] lyof] . Tolta]nf g} Pdfn]sf]
gfd km]//] …;fdflhs hgjfbL kf6L{Ú
/fVg] s'/fx? cfPsf lyP . To;}u/L
;f]xL ;dodf kf6L{n] dfGb} cfPsf] dfcf]
ljrf/wf/f a}7saf6 cf}krfl/s lg0f{o
u/fP/ 5f8\g] sfd ePsf] lyof] .
cd] l /sL /fhb" t cfkm\ g f] kf6L{
sfof{nodf cfpg] ePkl5 kf6L{
sfof{ n odf /x] s f dfS;{ /
P]ËN] ;nufotsf cGt/f{li6«o sDo'lgi6
g]tfx?sf tl:j/ x6fpg] sfd klg
pxfFng] } ug'e{ Psf] lyof] . To;kl5 pxfF
;doqmddf /fhfsxfF k|wfgdGqLsf
nflu bvf{:t xfNg klg hfg'ePs} xf] .
To;}n] pxfFnfO{ ca klg ;dfhjfbL
kf6L{sf gfddf u}/sDo'lgi6 kf6L{df
uf]na4 ug{ ;lsg] cj:yf 5 .
xfn PsLs[ t ;dfhjfbLn]
dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|;uF kf6L{ Pstf ug]{
h'g k|rf/ u/]sf] 5, Tof] klg o;cl3
)&$ ;fnsf] lgjf{rgdf k|of]u e};s]sf]
lalw xf] . hlta]nf Pdfn] / dfcf]jfbL
s]Gb| lgjf{rg cl3 ;xsfo{ / To;kl5
kf6L{ Pstfug]{ ;xdlt ubf{ cTolws
dt cfPsf] lyof] . Tolta]nf g]kfnL
hgtfn] Pdfn] / dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|sf]
u7aGwgnfO{ cTolws dt lbP/ em08}
ax'dtsf] cj:yfdf k'¥ofPsf lyP .
t/, klg sDo'lgi6 kf6L{x?sf] dfq
;/sf/ u7g gu/L dw]zL bnnfO{
k|a]z u/fP/ u}/sDo'lgi6 ;/sf/
If]Kof:q k|sfzg s]Gb|åf/f k|sflzt, ;Dkfbs M /fh]Gb|k|;fb lrdf}l/of, sfof{no M yfkfufpF, sf7df8f}F, df]afOn M (*$!$)#*%!,
E-mail : chhepyastra@gmail.com,website: www.janakhabar.com d'bs
agfpg] sfd ePsf] lyof] . kl5 Pdfn]
/ dfcf] j fbL s] G b| ldn] / ag] s f]
tTsfnLg g]skfdf cWoIfx?n] g}
u'6aGbL ubf{ ax'dtsf] ;/sf/ 9Ng'sf
;fy} sDo'lgi6x?nfO{ ax'dt lbg'
a]Ssf/ /x]5 eGg] dfGotf :yflkt
u/fpg] sfd ePsf] lyof] . Tolta]nf
klg k'iksdn bfxfnx?af6 Pdfn]df
k;]/ dfcf]jfb 5f8\g] / sDo'lgi6nfO{
ax'dt lbg' gx'g] /x]5 eGg] dfGotf
:yflkt u/fpg] k|of; ePsf] w]/n } ]
cg'ej u/]sf lyP . Pdfn] / dfcf]jfbL
s]Gb| laefhg eP/ cf–cfkm\gf] af6f]
nfu] k l5 ePsf] klxnf] a} 7 sd}
cWoIfdfkm{t\ dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|sf] gfd
kl/jt{g ug]{ k|:tfj cfPsf] lyof] .
Tolta]nf Pdfn]af6 dfwj g]kfnx?
km'6/] cfPkl5 kf6L{ Pstfsf gfddf
kf6L{sf] gfd kl/jt{g ug]{ elgPsf]
lyof] . t/, kl5Nnf] ;dodf dfwj
g]kfnx?n] dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|;uF tTsfn
kf6L{ Pstf ug{ OGsf/ ug'e{ Psf] lyof] .
cWoIf bfxfnsf] /x:odo lbNnL
e|d0fkl5 bfxfnsf ;fy} g]kfn, uf}td
/ e§/fO{nfO{ hf]8g cg]s k|of;x?
yflnPsf x'g\ .
dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|sf cWoIf bfxfnn]
Pdfn]nfO{ laeflht u/fpg hlt
kl/>d ug'e { of], Tolt kl/>d cfkm\gf]
kf6L{ agfpg u/]sf] eP cfh dfcf]jfbL
s]Gb|sf] cj:yf cs}{ x'g] lyof] . km]l/
klg dfcf] j fbL s] G b| / PsLs[ t
;dfhjfbLsf aLrdf kf6L{ Pstf x'g]
h'g elgPsf] 5, To;sf] kl/0flt
o;cl3 Pdfn] / dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|
ldNbfsf] h:t} x'g] lglZrt 5 . kf6L{
Pstf ug{ tlD;Psfx? Pp6} lrGxaf6
r'gfj n8\g lsg dfg]gg\ < kf6L{sf]
/fhgLltsf nflu geP/ kbsf nflu
h] klg ug{ tof/ x'gx] ? Ps 7fpFdf
ldn]/ a:g d'l:sn 5 . cfkm}n F ] lgdf{0f
u/]sf] kf6L{ csf{sf] nx}nx}df nfu]/
eTsfP/ lx+8g\ ] dfwj g]kfn o;sf] tfhf
pbfx/0f x'gx' G' 5 . sDo'lgi6 kf6L{df
r':t / b'?:t Psn g]tT[ j x'gk' g]d{ f
;fd"lxs g]tT[ jsf] k|of]u ug]{ sfd klg
dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|sf cWoIf k'iksdn
bfxfnaf6} ePsf] xf] . km]l/ klg olb
dfcf] j fbL s] G b| / PsLs[ t
;dfhjfbLnufotsf ;d"xx?sf aLrdf
kf6L{ Pstf ePsf] v08df tLgb]lv
kfFrj6f;Dd cWoIf x'g] ;Defjgf
/xG5 . 8f= e§/fO{n] xfn} u7g u/]sf]
g]kfn ;dfhjfbL kf6L{df klg hftLo
cfwf/df b' O { h gf cWoIf /
pkfWoIfnufotsf kbflwsf/Lx?sf]
Aoj:yf ul/Psf] pbfx/0f /x]sf] 5 .
8f= e§/fO{sf] ;fd"lxs g]tT[ jsf] k|of]u
Ps xKtf klg l6Sg g;s]/ lgjf{rgdf
csf]{ kf6L{sf] z/0fdf k'Ug'k/]sf] 5 .
dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|sf cWoIf bfxfn,
PsLs[t ;dfhjfbLsf cWoIf g]kfn /
g];kfsf cWoIfdWo]sf Ps 8f= e§/fO{n]
sDo'lgi6 kf6L{df x'g] u/]sf] …;fd"lxs
lg0f{o / AolQmut lhDd]jf/LÚsf]
l;4fGtnfO{ pN6fpg] vfnsf] k|of]u
u/] s f] b] l vPsf] 5 . pxfF x ?sf]
gLltk|wfg geP/ g]tfk|wfg kf6L{
agfpg] k|of; klg hf/Lg} 5 . g]tfk|wfg
x'g] g]kfnL sf+u; ]| n] k|of]u ub}{ cfPsf]
gLlt xf] . dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|n] g]skf -
Pstf /fli6«o cleofg_ sf cWoIf
jfdb]j uf}td;Fu klg kf6L{ Pstf ug]{
h'g k|of; ul//x]sf] 5, Tof] klg
xf:of:kb 5 . lsgls jfdb]jnfO{ klg
rflxPsf] g]tT[ jg} xf] . h;n] g]tT[ jsf
nflu o; cl3g} Pdfn]nfO{ b'O{ k6s
laefhg ul/;Sg' ePsf] 5 . gofF kf6L{
agfpgf ;fy pxfFnfO{ cfkm\g} kf6L{af6
lgsfNg] sfd klg ePs} xf] . ca
rflxPsf] kf6L{df sDtLdf pkfWoIf /
b]zsf] k|wfgdGqL xf] . h'g kf6L{;uF
cfufdL lgjf{rgdf dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|sf]
r'gfj lrGxaf6 pDd]bjf/L lbg] ;xdlt
e};s]sf] 5 .
8f=e§/fO{ kIfn] g]skf / dfcf]jfbL
zAbdf cem} klg c;xdlt hgfPsf]
5 . Tof] eg]sf] dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|sf
cWoIfnfO{ sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ 5f8\g ;xh
agfpg] s'/f xf] . ca sy+sbflrt
d+l;/ rf/sf] lgjf{rgkl5 dfcf]jfbL
s]Gb|, PsLs[t ;dfhjfbL, g];kf /
jfdb]j ;d"xsfaLrdf kf6L{ Pstf eof]
eg] To;kl5 aGg] kf6L{sf] gfddf
sDo'lgi6 zAbsf] gfd lgzfgf g} /xg]
5}g . /fhgLlts?kn] 8f= e§/fO{nfO{
@)&( ;fn ebf} % cfOtaf/
s]xL xb;Dd OdfGbf/ dfGg'k5{ .
lsgls pxfFn] cfk"m sDo'lgi6 ljrf/;Fu
c;xdt x'gf;fy sDo'lgi6 kf6L{g}
5f8]/ lx+8g\ ' eof] . hgo'4sfnLg 5b\d
gfd klg /fVg' ePg . t/, cGo g]tfx?
g]kfnL sf+u; ]| ;Fu ;xsfo{ ub}{ cfk"mnfO{
dxfg sDo'lgi6 g]tf elg/x]sf 5g\\ .
hgo'4sfnLg pkgfdsf] k|of]udf uj{
ul//x]sf 5g\\ . au{;3 + if{sf 7fpFdf
;Qf;+3if{, b]zLo?kdf ;fdGtjfbL ÷
k'FhLjfbLx?sf] k|ltlglwd"ns kf6L{
g]kfnL sf+u|]; / cGt/f{li6«o?kdf
ef/tLo lj:tf/jfb tyf cd]l/sL
;fd|fHojfbsf] ;dy{g ug]{ sfo{x? klg
e}/x]sf 5g\\ . 5n5fd u/]/ g]kfnsf]
;+;baf6 Pd;L;L kfl/t ePsf] 3f]if0ff
ul/of] . ljjfbf:kb gful/stf law]os
kfl/t u/fpg hf]/h'nd' e}/x]sf] 5 .
;a}lt/ åGå a9fpg], hftLotf /
If]qLotfnfO{ :yflkt u/fpg vf]Hg],
lav08gsf/L ultlalwnfO{ :jfut ug],{
xfnsf vf; dfcf]jfbLsf] ;fj{hlgs
d~raf6} la/f]w ug]{ / e"tk"a{ e};s]sf
dfcf]jfbL vf]Hb} lx+8g\ n] ufotsf sfdx?
e}/x]sf 5g\\ . )^# sf] /fhgLlts
kl/jt{gkl5 g]kfnsf] cznL dflns ef/t
ePsf] / g]kfnsf sDo'lgi6x? la36gdf
k'U5g\\ eg]/ ;fj{hlgs cleAolQm lbg]x?
cfh ;Qf /fhgLltsf] ;fFrf] lnP/ a;]sf
5g\\ . ;+;bLo /fhgLlts Aoj:yfdf /x]/
;f]xL Aoj:yfsf ljZjAofkL d"No, dfGotf
/ cfbz{nfO{ s'Nrg] k|of;x? klg e}/x]sf
5g\\ . g]kfnsf] /fli6«o /fhgLltdf
k|of]ujfbLx?sf] laulauL a9\bf] 5 . casf
lbgdf s;n] s;nfO{ s;/L / slt
xb;Dd k|of]u ug]{ xf] < Tof]eg] x]g{
afFsL 5 .
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afnaflnsfx? lzIffsf] pHofnf]
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dxf;lrj ljNnjn] bnfn Joj:yfs}
sf/0f ljs6 7fpFx?df lzIff /
:jf:Yosf] kx'rF k'¥ofpg g;s]sf] eGb}
Joj:yf kl/jt{g ljgf o:tf ;d:of
slxn} klg xn gx'g] 7f]sj' f;d]t u/] .
pgn] /fHon] ;d]t ug{ g;s]sf lzIff
/ :jf:Yo If]qsf sfdx? cfˆgf] kf6L{n]
b]zsf w]/} 7fpFdf lj:tf/ ub}{ cfO/x]sf]
eGb} To;}sf] lg/Gt/tf :j?k Rofqfsf]
ljBfno lgdf0f{ ul/Psf] atfP .
dxf;lrj ljKnjn] ;+ljwfgdf lzIff
sf]le8–!( sf] hf]lvd k'gM b]vf k/]sf] 5
/ :jf:Yo If]qnfO{ hgtfsf] df}lns
xssf] ?kdf JofVof ul/P klg ;+ljwfg
g} hgtfsf lj?4 ePsfn] To:tf] Joj:yf
sfof{Gjog x'g g;lsPsf] atfpFb}
hgtfnfO{ n'6\g], 7Ug], / ;Dklt
s'DNofpg] Joj:yf g} bnfn k'h F LjfbL o;af6 aRg / arfpgM
Joj:yf ePsfn] lzIff / :jf:Yo If]qnfO{
lghLs/0f u/]/ hgtfdfly n'6tGq Ø ;xL tl/sfn] df:s nufcf}+ .
dRrfOPsf] ;d]t 7f]sj' f u/] . pQm
pb\3f6g ;df/f]x g]skfsf dxf;lrj
ljKnjsf] z'esfdgf ;Gb]zdfkm{t\ /
Ø e]63f6 / hd36df sDtLdf @ ld6/sf] b"/L sfod /fvf}+ .
g]skfsf s]lGb|o ;b:o ;Gb]z kf}8n
k|dv' cfltYotf / clvn -qmflGtsf/L_
] sf] Ø ;fa'gkfgLn] lgoldt xft wf]cf}+ jf :oflg6fOh/ k|of]u u/f}+ .
cWoIf k|sfz zfxLsf] cWoIftfdf
;DkGg ePsf] lyof] . Ø vf]Sbf jf xflR5\oF' ubf{ gfs, d'v 5f]Kg] u/f}+ .
wflbª lhNnfsf] clt ljs6 To;
a:tLdf o;eGbf klxn] ljBfno lyPg Ø 3/ tyf sfof{nodf lgoldt ;]g6] fOh u/f}+ .
/ afnaflnsfx¿ lzIffaf6 jlGrt
lyP . glhssf] ljBfno klg ltg Ø cgfjZos eL8ef8 gu/f}+ .
306fsf] b"/Ldf /x]sf] / le/fnf] jf6f]
ePsf] n ] afnaflnsfx¿ k9\ g ]
cj;/af6 jlGrt lyP . g] k fn
Ø xfjf cf]xf]/bf]xf]/ gx'g] :yfg / eL8ef8df ghfcf}+ .
sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf g]tf sfo{stf{
k|ltjGwsf] ;dodf cleofgsf] qmddf
Ø sf]le8–!( lj?4 vf]k nufpg afFsL eP tTsfn nufcf}+ .
To; If]qdf hfFbf ljBfno g} gePsf]n]
ljKnjsf] lgb]z { gdf g]skf / clvn Ø sf]le8sf] nIf0f b]lvPdf ;dodf g} k/LIf0f u/f}+ .
qmflGtsf/Lsf] kxndf ljBfno lgdf{0f
ePsf] xf] . To; ufpFdf sl/a @% 3/ ;ts{ / ;r]t agf}+ .
w'/L /x]sf 5g\ . ufpFdf sl/a %) sf]
;+Vofdf afnaflnsf /x]sf] clvn -
qmflGtsf/L_ hgfPsf] 5 . o;eGbf klxn]
afnaflnsf ljBfno hfg] cj:yf
g/x]sf] k5{ clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ sf
cWoIf k|sfz zfxLn] atfP . clvn -
qmflGtsf/L_ n] cfkm}F nufgL, >dbfg /
:yfgLo;Fusf] ;xsfo{df $ sf]7] ljwfno
ejgsf] lgdf{0f ;DkGg u/]sf] xf] .
pb\3f6g nut} ljBfnodf k7g kf7g
;'? ePsf] 5 . ljBfnonfO{ cfjZos
g] k fn ;/sf/
lj1fkg af]8{
kmlg{r/, v]ns'b ;fdu|L / z}lIfs ;fdu|L
;d]t qmflGtsf/Ln] pknAw u/fPsf] 5 .
clxn] ljBfnodf #) hgf ljBfyL{ egf{
ePsf] ljBfnosf lzlIfsf cl:dtf
3nfgn] jtfOg\ .
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