VLAWF_YAMHM BHCACFD
GHIVC]HM MF ALBFLAF_ÅH MF YAY]FEHY, ALGD_EÈ]AIH
 Q IAFLIAHY MF CH IDE^V]HIAÙL
IDE^V]HIAÙL

ALY]A]V]D MF FMVIHIAÙL HOAF_]H

GAYAII-AMFH

^_DQFI]DY FE^_FYH_AHCFY ?

–]fildcdbåh phrh O½HL]AD[―

^rfsflthmd pdr0
Fstuhrmd Hcfxhlmfr H`ift Gufltfs
Ihrlá 82>>?>22

^rfvad h dpthr fc brhmd hihmáeaid mf0

Caifliahturh fl ]fildcdbåh y Hmealastrhiaùl mf Feprfshs
Buhtfehch, >; mf Hbdstd mfc ?>?>
 

ÅLMAIF
AL]_DMVIIAÙL 9

DO@F]AWDY MFC ^_DQFI]D =

LDEO_F Q MFYI_A^IAÙL MF CH FE^_FYH 6

DO@F]AWDY MF CH FE^_FYH 7

FY]_H]FBAHY 7

_FIV_YDY KVEHLDY 2

D_BHLAB_HEH ;

]FILDCDBÅH 1

WFL]HY HLVHCFY 1

^_ALIA^HCFY ICAFL]FY 8>

EF_IHMD 88

IDE^F]FLIAH 8=

^_DMVI]D D YF_WAIAD 86

^_DEDIAÙL Q ^VOCAIAMHM 82

GHI]D_FY AL]F_LDY ??

 Hiiadlasths ??

Fepcfhmds ??

Icafltfs ?9

^rdvffmdrfs ?9

GHI]D_FY F[]F_LDY ?=

Bdoafrld ?=

Fidldeåh ?=
^èbalh 8
 

Bfdbrhgåh ?=

Mfedbrhgåh ?6

]fildcdbåh ?6

^_ALIA^HCFY ^_DIFYDY ?7
^chlfhiaùl ?7

Drbhlazhiaùl ?2

Marfiiaùl ?;

Idltrdc ?;

Wflths ?1

^_DEDIAÙL D YF_WAIADY ?1

Galhlzhs 9>

Efrihmfd 98

Cdbåstaih 98

Yastfehs 9?

 HLÈCAYAY MF GDMH 9=

Gdrthcfzhs 9=

Dpdrtulamhmfs 97

Mfoacamhmfs 92

 Heflhzhs 9;

^_ALIA^HCFY ^_DOCFEHY FE^_FYH_AHCFY =>

^CHL]FHEAFL]D MFC ^_DOCFEH FE^_FYH_AHC =?

^rdifsd hituhc =9

Ihushs mfc prdocfeh ==

^èbalh ?
 

Khcchzbds =6

Fvamfliahs =7

Mfsvflth`hs =7

 HLÈCAYAY MFC ^_DOCFEH =2

^CHL]FHEAFL]D MF CH YDCVIADL =;

 HLÈCAYAY MF CH YDCVIAÙL =1

 HLÈCAYAY MFC _FXVF_AEAFL]D

_FXVF_AEAFL]D D^F_H]AWD 6>

 HLÈCAYAY MFC _FXVF_AEAFL]D

_FXVF_AEAFL]D ]ÁILAID 68

 HLÈCAYAY MFC _FXVF_AEAFL]D

_FXVF_AEAFL]D CFBHC 6?

 HLÈCAYAY MF CDY _FXVF_AEAFL]D

_FXVF_AEAFL]D HEOAFL]HCFY 69

 HLÈCAYAY MF CDY _FXVF_AEAFL]D

_FXVF_AEAFL]D GALHLIAF_DY 6=

ALWF_YAÙL ALAIAHC Q IH^A]HC MF ]_HOH@D 66

^VL]D MF FXVACAO_AD Q IÈCIVCD MFC ]_FEH 67

WHCD_ ^_FYFL]F LF]D Q ]HYH MF

_FLMAEAFL]D 6;

 HLHCAYAY MF MFIAYADL 61

IDLICVYADLFY 7>
_FIDEFLMHIADLFY 78

 HLÁ[DY 7?

^èbalh 9
 

AL]_DMVIIAÙL
Fc prfsfltf trhoh`d fs ul mahblùstaid rfhcazhmd h ch Feprfsh O½hltadx murhltf fc hød
?>81, fc iuhc hohrih ch kastdrah, prdbrfsds y ghitdrfs rfcfvhltfs mf ulh drbhlazhiaùl
fl irfiaeafltd y ul guturd hðl ef`dr.

Yf fstumahrè ch vahoacamhm mf efrihmd y sf alvfrtarè ul pdsaocf ^DY y ul bfstdr 

idefriahc (]ABD) pfreatarè idlfithr chs vflths y icafltfs mf ul lfbdiad fc sfitdr 
idefriahc mf cds mfphrthefltds mf Buhtfehch.

 Hmfeès, sf hlhcazhrè sa fstf prdyfitd pufmf khifrsf rfhcamhm, phrh fsd fs

lfifshrad
lfifshrad idltfepchr thltd fc fsiflhr
fsiflhrad
ad fl quf sf mfshrrdc
mfshrrdcchrè
chrè ided su lhturhcfzh
lhturhcfzh,,
sus ihrhitfråstaihs, su vahoacamhm, sus fcfefltds magfrfliahmdrfs idl cd quf yh fxastf
fl fc efrihmd. Fc prdpùsatd praliaphc mfc ^DY fs rfmuiar cds idstds hmaiadlhcfs quf
prdvdih rfiaoar ikfqufs y quf cds easeds sfh rfikhzhmds y khifr cds lfbdiads eès
fgaiafltfs
fgaiafltfs y ef`drh
ef`drhrr cds sfrvaiads hc icafltf, irfhlmd ul edmfcd mf lfbdiad mdlmf fc
prdpad idefriad pufmh drbhlazhr ef`dr sus phbds.

Fc do`ftavd praliaphc mf O½hltadx fs fc sfrvaiad y ch rfchiaùl mf ihcamhm idl cds icafltfs,

prdvffmdrfs y trhoh`hmdrfs. Hituhcefltf hcbulds mf cds prdvffmdrfs idl cds quf sf
taflf
taflf ul chzd
chzd euy gufrtf
gufrtf fs ^dz
^dzufc
ufcd,
d, Ifl
Iflmhc
mhczh,
zh, Idm
Idmash,
ash, Jfccd
Jfccdbb½s
bb½s,, Oai
Oai,, Lht
Lhturh
urh
hifatfs, @a Idkfl, Kfchmds mf I. H., Gagid, ^hrhyhs y pdr supufstd ]hohihcfrh
Ifltrdhefraihlh. Brhiahs hc oufl guliadlheafltd idl maikhs feprfshs fs quf fc
prdmuitd ccfbh h trhvás mf O½hltadx h chs ideulamhmfs y taflmhs mf ohrrad phrh

^èbalh =
 

hohstfifr. Hituhcefltf sf iuflth idl hprdxaehmhefltf 9> eac icafltfs hitavds,

fltrf cds iuhcfs fstèl alicuamds cds icafltfs ehydrasths ided ^rdlf (Yðpfr ?=), thltd
mf idlthmd iùed mf irámatd.

DO@F]AWDY
 H idltaluhiaùl, sf eufstrhl cds do`ftavds quf mfsfhl iuepcar fl hc rfhcazhr
rfhcazhr fc fstumad
y masfød mf ch sdcuiaùl tfildcùbaih quf sf mfsfh dgrfifr0

 Ydcuiaùl altfbrhiaùl mf phbds

 _fbastrd mf iuhcquafr gcu`d mf malfrd

 _fbastrd mf cds icafltfs phrh ef`drhr fc sfrvaiad idl fstds

 Ef`drhr ch fgaiafliah mf lfbdiad

 Dptaeazhr prdifsds mf vflths

 Alirfeflthr ch fxpfrafliah y rfchiaùl mf ch feprfsh idl fc icafltf

 Ef`drhr, hbacazhr y rfmuiar fc tafepd mfmaihmd pdr rfiaoar ikfqufs

  Huefltd mf cds albrfsds mf ch feprfsh y mf sus sfrvaiads

 Dptaeazhr idstds mf mfprfiahiaùl y bhstds mf ideoustaocfs

 Hmfeès mf ch ef`drh prdifsds, fstf taflf theoaál ided do`ftavd ch htfliaùl hc

icafltf. Yal feohrbd, phrh quf fstd sf iuepch sf rfquafrf mf fvdcuiaùl y ef`drh mf
tfildcdbåh phrh ch feprfsh. H idltaluhiaùl, sf eufstrh quf quafrf fstf prdyfitd
ef`drhr fl su irfhiaùl0
^èbalh 6
 

 Lfifsamhmfs h rfsdcvfr 

d Alicusaùl galhliafrh

d Ef`drhr fc sfrvaiad mf cds lfbdiads

d
Abuhcmhm mf fltrf ichsfs sdiahcfs

d Fmuihiaùl galhliafrh

 Oflfgaiads mfsfhmds

d _fmuiar fc fgfitavd

d Fidldeåh eès fgaiafltf

d _fmuiar fc idstd fidlùeaid quf supdlf fc fgfitavd

d  Hueflthr hitavds cds usuhrads idl thr`fth

Feprfsh O½hltadx
O½hltadx fs ulh feprfsh mfmaihmh hc sfrvaiad y fltrfbh h ch pdochiaùl buhtfehctfih
mfsmf yh khif eès mf 1 høds, oralmhlmd ld sdcd ihcamhm fl ch mastraouiaùl mf sus
prdmuitds sald theoaál saflmd htflmamds pdr ul brupd mf vflmfmdrfs hcthefltf
ihcagaihmds,
ihcagaihmds, idl fc gal mf ccfbhr
ccfbhr khsth fc raliùl mf ihmh cubhr y mf`hlmd ef`drhs phrh

ch ideulamhm. Hituhcefltf
Hituhcefltf ch feprfsh mastra
mastraouyf
ouyf prdmuitd ehsavd phrh ch vflth fl
taflmhs mf ohrrad, taflmhs mf idlvflafliah y icafltfs ehydrasths fl fc èrfh rurhc,
ided
ided cd sd
sdl
l cd
cdss mf
mfphr
phrth
thef
eflt
ltds
ds mf ^f
^ftá
tál,
l, Idoèl
Idoèl,, Oh
Oh`h
`h Wf
Wfrh
rhphz
phz,, Yh
Yhlt
lth
h _d
_dsh
sh,,
@utahph, Phihph, Azhohc, Xuftzhctflhlbd y Kufkuftflhlbd.

Fc do`ftavd praliaphc mf O½hltadx fs fc sfrvaiad y ch rfchiaùl mf ihcamhm idl cds icafltfs,

prdvffmdrfs y trhoh`hmdrfs. Hituhcefltf hcbulds mf cds prdvffmdrfs idl cds quf sf
taflf
taflf ul chzd
chzd euy gufrtf
gufrtf fs ^dz
^dzufc
ufcd,
d, Ifl
Iflmhc
mhczh,
zh, Idm
Idmash,
ash, Jfccd
Jfccdbb½s
bb½s,, Oai
Oai,, Lht
Lhturh
urh
hifatfs, @a Idkfl, Kfchmds mf I. H., Gagid, ^hrhyhs y pdr supufstd ]hohihcfrh
Ifltrdhefraihlh. Brhiahs hc oufl guliadlheafltd idl maikhs feprfshs fs quf fc
^èbalh 7
 

prdmuitd ccfbh h trhvás mf O½hltadx h chs ideulamhmfs y taflmhs mf ohrrad phrh

hohstfifr. Hituhcefltf sf iuflth idl hprdxaehmhefltf 9> eac icafltfs hitavds,
fltrf cds iuhcfs fstèl alicuamds cds icafltfs ehydrasths ided ^rdlf (Yðpfr ?=), thltd
mf idlthmd iùed mf irámatd.

Fc guliadlheafltd y mastraouiaùl mf O½hltadx fs h trhvás mf chs prfvflths y rfphrtds

mf prdmuitd, cds vflmfmdrfs iuflthl idl KhlmKfcm f aeprfsdrhs phrh pdmfr bflfrhr 
ul mdiuefltd gasihc quf hephrf ch fltrfbh mfc prdmuitd h cds icafltfs, sal feohrbd,
fc ehydr alidlvflafltf quf sf prfsflth fs hc edefltd mf khifr fc phbd mf
prdmuitd, yh quf sdchefltf sf fstè trhoh`hlmd idl fgfitavd y ikfqufs, fl fstf
ðctaed,
ðctaed, bflfrhceflt
bflfrhcefltf
f shcfl rfikhzhmds
rfikhzhmds pdr ghcth mf gdlmds. Fstd alirfe
alirfeflth
flth ch ghcth
mf phbd y pdr thltd icafltfs edrdsds. Mf thc gdreh, iùed ulh pdsaocf sdcuiaùl fs
utacazhr ^DY fl chs KhlmKfcm idl fc rfsphcmd mfc sastfeh quf O½hltadx utacazh, quf fs
^dwfr Ytrfft. Hc iuepcar idl chs ldrehs, pdmrèl mfshphrfifr ch fltrfbh mf ikfqufs
y ðlaihefltf trhoh`hr idl phbd mf thr`fth mf irámatd y/d máoatd y fgfitavd. Fvathlmd fc
rfikhzd mf ikfqufs y ul ef`dr ehlf`d mfc malfrd pdr phrtf mf cds vflmfmdrfs.

Do`ftavds mf ch feprfsh
8. Cd
Cdbr
brhr
hr ch sh
shtatasg
sghi
hiia
iaùl
ùl mf
mfcc icaf
icaflt
ltf
f h tr
trhv
hvás
ás mf prd
prdmu
muit
itds
ds mf ihc
ihcam
amhm
hm ph
phrh
rh
hohstfifr su lfbdiad
?. Idlvfrtarsf fl ch feprfsh cåmfr fl fc efrihmd buhtfehctfid mf mastraouiaùl mf

prdmuitd ehsavd
9. _f
_fmu
muia
iarr idst
idstds
ds mf mast
mastra
raou
ouia
iaùl
ùl00 ch ef
ef`d
`drr ehlf
ehlfrh
rh mf rf
rfmu
muia
iarr idst
idstds
ds mf
mast
mastra
raou
ouia
iaùl
ùl fs utac
utacaz
azhr
hr tf
tfild
ildcd
cdbå
båh
h pf
pfrea
reatf
tf tf
tflf
lfrr td
tdmh
mh ch al
algd
gdre
rehi
hiaù
aùl
l qu
quf
f
lfifsath phrh quf sf cf fltrfbuf su prdmuitd hc icafltf idepcftd, fstd sal
aepdrthr fl quá èrfh bfdbrègaih sf fliufltrf fc icafltf
=.  Hueflthr albrfsds h ch feprfsh0 efmahltf prdediadlfs sf trhth mf ghvdrfifr 
h cds icafltfs, tflaflmd eès prdmuitd h ul idstd rhiadlhc

^èbalh 2
 

Fstrhtfbahs
8. Ihca
Ihcamhm
mhm mf sfrvaiad0
sfrvaiad0 ef
efmahltf
mahltf ul
ul oufl sfrv
sfrvaiad
aiad pdr ph
phrtf
rtf mf cds ssupfrvas
upfrvasdrfs
drfs y
vflmfmdrfs. Yu flgdquf fs eès ihcamhm quf ihltamhm.
?. Irf
Irfh
h ulh aehbf
aehbfl
l ghvdr
ghvdrhocf
hocf mf
mfltr
ltrd
d mf ch efltf
efltf mfc icaf
icafltf
ltf,, mhlmd h idldi
idldifr 
fr 
cds ef`drfs prdmuitds
9. Mfsthi
Mfsthih
h fltrf ch idepft
idepftfliah,
fliah, f
fstd
std cd mft
mftfrealh
frealhrh
rh ch vflt
vflth
h pdrquf id
ided
ed oafl
shofeds ld tfrealh idl ch trhlshiiaùl ohlihrah. Vlh mf chs praliaphcfs efths
fs rftflfr h cds icafltfs y cdbrhr quf vufcvhl h ideprhr fc prdmuitd.

_fiursds kuehlds
Ch aepdrthliah mfc mfphrthefltd mf rfiursds kuehlds rhmaih fl hyumhr h idlsfbuar 
cds do`ftavds fstrhtábaids mf chs feprfshs y h ef`drhr su fgaiafliah y fgfitavamhm. Yu
praliaphc do`ftavd fs quf ch feprfsh iuepch idl sus efths, quf sdl fc praliaphc
prdpùsatd y rhzùl mf sfr mf ch drbhlazhiaùl. H idltaluhiaùl, sf mfthcchl hcbulds

pufstds fsfliahcfs0
^èbalh ;
 

_fvasdrh gasihc, bfrfltf bflfrhc y bfrfltf rfbadlhc,   hiè sdl trfs pfrsdlhs ch
iuhcfs sdl chs flihrbhmhs mf tdehr chs ef`drfs mfiasadlfs phrh quf ch feprfsh
pufmh sdorfshcar y ehltflfr ch ehrikh hltf iuhcquafr satuhiaùl quf sf prfsfltf. Yal

feohrb
feoh rbd,
d, tdmh
tdmh ch rf
rfsp
spdl
dlsh
shoa
oaccamhm
amhm ih
ihf
f sd
sdor
orf
f fccd
fccdss hc edef
edeflt
ltd
d mf tfl
flfr 
fr 
alidlvflafltfs.

Yupfrvasdrfs mf vflths, cds iuhcfs sdl iuhtrd pdr rfbaùl mfphrtheflthc, fccds
taflfl h su ihrbd h qualif pfrsdlhs. Fltrf cds iuhcfs mfsthih cds prfvflth, rfphrtd f
ae
aepuc
pucsh
shmdr
mdrfs.
fs. Ya
Yal
l fe
feoh
ohrbd
rbd,, fc tr
trhoh
hoh`d
`d mf fc
fccd
cdss id
idlc
lccfv
cfvh
h euik
euikd
d eè
eèss tatafe
fepd
pd y
mfmaihiaùl, phrh pdmfr dotflfr vflths y mf fsth gdreh cds alifltavds sfrèl euikd
ef`dr thltd phrh ch feprfsh ided phrh fccds easeds.

Fl fc èrfh mf idstds, lds flidltrheds idl mds pfrsdlhs chs iuhcfs sf fliufltrh
flbcdohmd pdr pfrsdlhc idl ihphiamhmfs mf rfhcazhr fc èrfh idlthocf, mfsmf ch
ghiturhiaùl,
ghiturhiaùl, sastf
sastfeh
eh y ihrtfrh mf icafltfs. Mf thc gdreh quf tdmd fstá hohchmd pdr ch
cfy y ld fxasth lhmh gufrh cd fsthocfiamd.

Mfphrthefltd mf cdbåstaih, fl fsth phrtf flidltrheds vfaltf pfrsdlhs, trhoh`hlmd

 `ulthefltf idl huxacahrfs mf odmfbh, fstèl mfstalhmds phrh ehltflfr fc drmfl y
mastraouiaùl mf prdmuitd fl drmfl fsthocfiamd, tflaflmd fl iuflth chs gfikhs mf
vfliaeafltd mf cds prdmuitds y fc oufl fsthmd mf fstf.

 Hc galhc mf ihmh èrfh, fs _fiursds kuehlds quafl sf flihrbh mf prdvffr tdmd cd
lfifshrad phrh quf fc trhoh`hmdr sf fliufltrf fl ùptaehs idlmaiadlfs y idl ch ef`dr 
trhlsphrfliah. Hså eased, tflmaflmd h su ihrbd fc ehlf`d mf eflsh`fråh y hsastfltf
hmealastrhtavd.

^èbalh 1
 

Drbhlabrheh
_FWAYD_H GAYIHC (IDLGAH)

BF_FL]F BFLF_HC

BF_FL]F _FBADLHC

MA_
MA_FIIA
FIIA L MF
YV^F_WAYD_ YV^F_WAYD_
_FIV_YDY CDBåY]AIH
MF WFL]HY MF IDY]DY
KVEHLDY

_fprfsflthltf Hsastfltf mf Huxacahrfs

Eflsh`frd
mf prfvflth sastfeh mf odmfbh

_fprfsflthltf Hsastfltf mf Hsastfltf Yfrvaiad hc

mf rfphrtd ghiturhiaùl hmealasltrhvd icafltf

Hsastfltf mf
Aepucshmdrfs
Ihrtfrh

^ è b a l h 8>

Drbhlabrheh fchodrhmd fl horac ?>89 pdr fc Bfrfltf Bflfrhc

 ^ è b a l h 88

^hrh bhrhltazhr
]fildcdbåh
bhrhltazhr ul oufl sfrvaiad y ulh mastraouiaùl
mastraouiaùl fgfitavh
fgfitavh sf utaca
utacazh
zh fc sastf
sastfeh
eh quf
^dwfr Ytrfft prdpdriadlh h O½hltadx. ]hcfs ided ul sastfeh mf sdgtwhrf phrh chs
KhlmKfcm y Fltfrprasf phrh ch ohsf mf mhtds fl fc èrfh hmealastrhtavh.
Fstd hyumh h ulh ehydr prdmuitavamhm y fgaihiah phrh ch vflth y tdeh mf alvflthrads
fl ihmh
ihmh od
odmf
mfbh
bh fs
fsth
thoc
ocfi
fiam
amh.
h. Ch ide
idepf
pftatatatava
vamh
mhm
m fl fc ef
efrih
rihmd
md fs su
sueh
ehef
eflt
ltf
f
aepdrthltf y mfofeds mf fsthr h ch vhlbuhrmah fl tfildcdbåh. Cds praliaphcfs
fcfefltds tfildcùbaids utacazhmds sdl0
 KhlmKfcm
 Aeprfsdrhs
 Ideputhmdrhs (Fltfrprasf)
 Ikap altfcabfltf
 ^ è b a l h 8?

Wflths Hluhcfs

 H idltaluhiaùl fc fstaehmd mf vflths mfc hød ?>81 y ul hprdxaehmd mf vflths eflsuhcfs

F lfrd Gforfrd Ehrz d

Eh Horac Ehyd @ulad @ucad Hbdstd Yfptafeorf Dituorf Ldvafeorf
Ld M aiafeorf ]dthc Hluhc ^ driflth`f
^rfsupufstd mf
vflths 8 ,7
,7 21
21 ,8
,8 1>
1> .>
.> ? 8 ,7
,7 21
21 ,8
,8 1>
1> .>
.> ? 8 ,,7
7 21
21 ,8
,8 1>
1> ..>
>? 8 ,,7
7 21
21 ,,8
8 1>
1> ..>
>? 8 ,,7
7 21
21 ,,8
8 1>
1> ..>
>? 8 ,,7
7 21
21 ,,8
8 1>
1> ..>
>? 8 ,,7
7 21
21 ,,8
8 1>
1> ..>
>? 8 ,7
,7 21
21 ,8
,8 1>
1> .>
.> ? 8 ,7
,7 21
21 ,8
,8 1>
1> .>
.> ? 8 ,7
,7 21
21 ,8
,8 1>
1> .>
.> ? 8 ,7
,7 21
21 ,8
,8 1
1>
> .>
.> ? 8 ,7
,7 21
21 ,8
,8 1>
1> .>
.> ? ? >,8
>,86
6 >,?
>,?;
;>>.?
.?=
= 8 >>
>> %
Idstd mf vflths   728,727.>8   728,727.>8   728,727.>8   728,727.>8   728,727.>8   728,727.>8   728,727.>8   728,727.>8   728,727.>8   728,727.>8   728,727.>8   728,727.>8   ;,>7>,88?.8? =>%
Vtac
Vtacam
amhm
hm or
orut
uth
h 8,>>
8, >>2,
2,68
68=.
=.>8
>8 8,>>
8, >>2,
2,68
68=.
=.>8
>8 8,>>
8, >>2,
2,68=
68=.>
.>8 8 8,>>
8, >>2,
2,6868=.
=.>8>8 8,>>2
8, >>2,6,68=8=.>
.>8 8 8,>>
8, >>2,
2,6868=.
=.>8>8 8,>>2
8, >>2,6,68=8=.>
.>88 8,>>
8, >>2,
2,68=
68=.>
.>8 8 8,>>2
8, >>2,6,68=
8=.>
.>88 8,>>
8, >>2,
2,68=
68=.>.>88 8,>>
8, >>2,
2,68
68=.
=.>8
>8 8,>>
8, >>2,
2,68
68=.
=.>8
>8 8?,>
8? ,>1>,
1>,87
87;.
;.8?
8? 7>%
Bhstds Whrahocfs
Ideasadlfs   ;9,161.6>   ;9,161.6>   ;9,161.6>   ;9,161.6>   ;9,161.6>   ;9,161.6>   ;9,161.6>   ;9,161.6>   ;9,161.6>   ;9,161.6>   ;9,161.6>   ;9,161.6>   8,>>2,68=.>> 6%
Dtrds bhstds
vhrahocfs   87;,==>.99   87;,==>.99   87;,==>.99   87;,==>.99   87;,==>.99   87;,==>.99   87;,==>.99   87;,==>.99   87;,==>.99   87;,==>.99   87;,==>.99   87;,==>.99   ?,>?8,?;9.17 8>%
]dthc bhstds
vhrahocfs   ?6?,911.;9   ?6?,911.;9   ?6?,911.;9   ?6?,911.;9   ?6?,911.;9   ?6?,911.;9   ?6?,911.;9   ?6?,911.;9   ?6?,911.;9   ?6?,911.;9   ?6?,911.;9   ?6?,911.;9   9,>?;,212.17 86%
Bhstds ga`ds
 Hcquacfr    2?,>>>.>>   2?,>>>.>>   2?,>>>.>>   2?,>>>.>>   2?,>>>.>>   2?,>>>.>>   2?,>>>.>>   2?,>>>.>>   2?,>>>.>>   2?,>>>.>>   2?,>>>.>>   2?,>>>.>>   ;7=,>>>.>> =%
Yfburds   -   -   -   -   -   -   -   -   -   -   -   -   - >%
Mfprfiahiadl   97,777.72   97,777.72   97,777.72   97,777.72   97,777.72   97,777.72   97,777.72   97,777.72   97,777.72   97,777.72   97,777.72   97,777.72   ==>,>>>.>= ?%
Yufcmd ga`ds   ?6>,>>>.>>   ?6>,>>>.>>   ?6>,>>>.>>   ?6>,>>>.>>   ?6>,>>>.>>   ?6>,>>>.>>   ?6>,>>>.>>   ?6>,>>>.>>   ?6>,>>>.>>   ?6>,>>>.>>   ?6>,>>>.>>   ?6>,>>>.>>   9,>>>,>>>.>> 86%
]dthc bhstds ga`ds   96;,777.72   96;,777.72   96;,777.72   96;,777.72   96;,777.72   96;,777.72   96;,777.72   96;,777.72   96;,777.72   96;,777.72   96;,777.72   96;,777.72   =,9>=,>>>.>= ?8%
]dthc bhstds   788,>77.6>   788,>77.6>   788,>77.6>   788,>77.6>   788,>77.6>   788,>77.6>   788,>77.6>   788,>77.6>   788,>77.6>   788,>77.6>   788,>77.6>   788,>77.6>   2,99?,21;.>> 97%
Vtacamhm mf
dpfrhiadl   917,==2.68   917,==2.68   917,==2.68   917,==2.68   917,==2.68   917,==2.68   917,==2.68   917,==2.68   917,==2.68   917,==2.68   917,==2.68   917,==2.68   =,262,92>.8? ?=%

%mf cds albrfsds

?=% ? =% ?=% ?=% ?=% ?=% ?=% ?= % ?=% ?=% ? =% ?=% ?= %

^ è b a l h 89

Icafltfs
Lufst
Lufstrd
rd prali
praliap
aphc
hc do`f
do`ftatavd
vd fs tf
tflf
lfrr icaf
icaflt
ltfs
fs sh
shtatasg
sgfik
fikds
ds id
idl
l ch mast
mastra
raou
ouia
iaùl
ùl mf
mfcc
prdm
prdmuit
uitd,
d, tr
trht
hthl
hlmd
md mf ccccfbh
fbhrr kh
khst
sth
h fc èrf
èrfh
h eè
eèss cf
cf`h
`hlh.
lh. Mf th
thcc gd
gdre
reh
h qu
quf
f ld
ldss
flgdiheds fl ehltflfr ulh ouflh rfchiaùl idl fc icafltf phrh iuepcar ihmh ulh mf
 sus fxabfliahs fl fc efrihmd. Hituhcefltf pdsffeds eès mf 9> eac icafltfs
hitavds, h idltaluhiaùl, sf fluefrhl hcbulds mf cds eès pdtfliahcfs y ul irámatd
althikhocf0

 ^rdlf (Yðpfr ?=)

 Alvfrsadlfs Yhlmdvhc
 Fsthiadlfs mf sfrvaiad (Bhsdcalfrhs)
 ealasðpfr 
 ]aflmhs mf trdph
 Yupfrefrihmds mf ohrrad

Efrihmd
Ch hcth idepftatavamhm mf vflth fl prdmuitds mf idlsued ehsavd kh kfikd quá
ided feprfsh flihrbhmh mf vfchr pdr fc oaflfsthr mf cds icafltfs, sf trhtf mf ccfbhr 
khsth chs èrfhs eès cf`hlhs mf Buhtfehch. ]dmd fstd phrh amfltagaihr y mfgalar chs
pdsaocfs dpdrtulamhmfs y prdocfehs quf sf hihrrfhl fl fc efrihmd hituhc, mf fsth
gdreh fvhcuhr chs efmamhs mfc idefriad y ef`drhr fl hcbulh èrfh. Lufstrd efrihmd
hohrih fc èrfh ldrtf, diiamfltf y ldr-drafltf mfc phås, idl fc phsd mfc tafepd sf kh
amd fxtflma
maf
flmd
md,, yh quf hc praliapad ðl
ðlaaihef
heflt
ltf
f sf tflåh ulh sfmf fl
Xuftzhctflhlbd.

Ch hifpthiaùl pdr phrtf mf cds icafltfs kh samd fxatdsh, fl ohsf h fsf rfsucthmd sf
khl amd alirfeflthlmd chs
chs sfmfs fl cds magfrfltfs
magfrfltfs mfphrthefltds mf Buht
Buhtfehch.
fehch. Fl
ihmh sfmf sf trhoh`
trhoh`h
h idl magfrf
magfrfltfs
ltfs tapds mf prdmuitds, yh quf, sfbðl fc fstumad
fstumad mf
efrih
frihm
md, sf ohsh
ohsh fl chs
chs lf
lfif
ifsa
samh
mhmf
mfss mf
mfcc id
idls
lsue
ueam
amdr
dr hmhp
hmhptthm
hmd
d h ihm
hmh
h

^ è b a l h 8=

mfphrthefltd. Yf kh ehltflamd hituhcefltf ch mastraouiaùl fl cds mfphrthefltds mf

^ftál,
^ftál, Ido
Idoèl,
èl, Oh`
Oh`h
h Wfr
Wfrhph
hphz,
z, Yhlth
Yhlth _ds
_dsh,
h, @ut
@utahp
ahph,
h, Phihph
Phihph,, Azh
Azhohc
ohc,, Xuftzh
Xuftzhctf
ctflhl
lhlbd
bd y
Kufkuftflhlbd, ccfbhlmd h lufstrd efrihmd fsfliahc quf sdl taflmhs mf ohrrad, taflmhs mf
idlvflafliah, eala supfr y icafltfs ehydrasths.
  H idltaluhiaùl, sf prfsflth ulh sfbeflthiaùl mfc efrihmd hituhc fl fc quf hitðh
h itðh O
½hltadx phrh ccfbhr h sus icafltfs y mf fsth gdreh ulh ef`dr rfspufsth h chs vflths0

Voaihiaùl0 Mfphrthefltds mf Buhtfehch ided ^ftál, Idoèl, Oh`h Wfrhphz, Yhlth

_dsh, @utahph, Phihph, Azhohc, Xuftzhctflhlbd y Kufkuftflhlbd. Mfoamd h quf
lufstrh idepftfliah sf fliufltrh fl cds mfeès mfphrthefltds ld sf pufmf hthihr 
idl ulh feprfsh oafl pdsaiadlhmh fl cds cubhrfs.

_hlbd mf fmhm0 Hmuctds mf 9> h 6> høds

Bálfrd0 Kdeorfs y Eu`frfs

Lavfc sdiadfidlùeaid0 I y M

Lavfc mf albrfsds0 Ld taflfl ul albrfsd ga`d, yh quf sf mfmaihl h ch vflth algdrehc

mf prdmuitds fl sus taflmhs.

Brhmd mf alstruiiaùl0  ^raehrah y Yfbulmhrah

Fstacd mf vamh0 ^frsdlhs trhthlmd mf tflfr ul fepcfd y sdorf tdmd ul albrfsd phrh

sdstflfr h su gheacah, quf iuflth idl ulh d vhrahs taflmhs fl fc sfitdr, ousihl

hohstfifr h ch ideulamhm idl prdmuitds mf ihcamhm.

Fl ohsf h fsth algdrehiaùl sf kh rfprfsflthmd fc laikd mf efrihmd mf O½hltadx,
phrh cd iuhc sf khl rfspdlmamd chs sabuafltfs prfbulths0

´^dr quá quafrd trhoh`hr fl fsf efrihmd4 Fc efrihmd mf ch feprfsh oèsaihefltf

fs pfrsdlhs mf ul lavfc sdiad fidlùeaid oh`d, quf ousihl hcaefltds y dtrds
prdmuitds phrh hohstfifr sus lfbdiads, mf thc gdreh quf fc icafltf galhc ousquf
hmquararcds.

^ è b a l h 86

´Iuècfs sdl cds praliaphcfs altfrfsfs mf chs pfrsdlhs quf hmquafrfl fc prdmuitd4
Ydl pfrsdlhs quf taflfl ul lfbdiad rflthocf quf trhthl mf hohstfifrsf cd eès
pdsaocf idl prdmuitds mf ihcamhm, phrh cufbd ccfvhrcd hc icafltf galhc. Mf thc gdreh
tflfr ul pdid mf bhlhliah fl ch hmquasaiaùl mf prdmuitds h ulh feprfsh sfrah.
 ´Iuècfs
´Iuècfs sdl chs lfifsamh
lfifsamhmfs
mfs mf cds icaflt
icafltfs4
fs4 Ch ehydråh ousi
ousih
h dotflfr ul oufl
prdmuitd phrh quf sus taflmhs pufmhl dgrfifr hrtåiucds mf ihcamhm h cds icafltfs galhc.
O½hltadx sf flihrbh mf trhthr mf iuepcar cds rfqufraeafltds mf cds icafltfs phrh
tflfrcds shtasgfikds.

´Xuá dgrfif ch idepftfliah4 Dgrfif cds easeds prdmuitds h ul prfiad ohsthltf

saeachr, pdsaocfefltf idl hcbulh vhrafmhm mf prdmuitd quf O½hltadx ld iuflth fl
fstds edefltds.

´Xuá magfrfliahc prftflmd dgrfifr4 Chs prdediadlfs htrhitavhs phrh htrhfr eès
icafltfs y sdorf tdmd ihcamhm mf prdmuitd y sfrvaiad

´Khsth mdlmf prftflmd ccfbhr4 Ch feprfsh kh amd irfiaflmd idl fc phsd mf cds
høds, yh quf hc praliapad sdchefltf sf tflåhl sfmfs fl Diiamfltf. Yf prftflmf
sfbuar irfiaflmd fl cålfh mf lfbdiads eès quf fl èrfhs, yh quf idl chs sfmfs quf
hituhcefltf sf iuflthl sf pufmf shihr eès prdvfikd idl eès prdmuitds mf ihcamhm
h ul prfiad hiifsaocf.

Fc pdriflth`f mf phrtaiaphiaùl mf ihmh prdvffmdr mfltrd mf ch feprfsh fs ùptaed, sf

hituhcefltf fstè fl ulh maspdsaiaùl fl fc iuhc tdmds pufmhl tflfr chs bhlhliahs
lfifshrahs phrh quf cds prdmuitds pufmhl edvfrsf cd ef`dr pdsaocf. Yal feohrbd, fc
prdvffmdr
prdvffmdr idl ehydr vdcuefl mf ideprh y bhlhliah
bhlhliah fs ]hihsh, mfoamd h quf fs fc
praliaphc prdvffmdr mf ch feprfsh, lufstrh ohsf sf kh kfikd pdr ul oufl ideaflzd
idl fsth feprfsh.

^ è b a l h 87

phrtiaphiaùl mf ehrih

HIYH 8?% ^DPVFCD 89%

 IFLMHCPH 2%

]HIHYH 8;% IDMAYH ?%

JFCCDBBY 8>%

^H_HQHY =%
OAI ?%

LH]V_H HIFA]FY 7%
GAGID 1%

@A IDKFL 2%
KFCHMDY MF I.H. 8>%

Idepftfliah
Mfoamd h quf O½hltadx fs ulh feprfsh mastraouam
mastraouamdrh
drh mf magfrfltfs
magfrfltfs prdvffmdrfs,
prdvffmdrfs, ulh
idepftfliah marfith ld sf taflf. Ch ðlaih quf fs mf tapd almarfith fs ch feprfsh
]DMD ]F__FLD, fsth fs ulh idrpdrhiaùl 8>>% buhtfehctfih quf ousih pfrsfbuar 
cds suføds y hlkfcds mf sus icafltfs. Ch easaùl mf fccds fs ccfbhr h su pultd mf
fltrfbh
fltrfbh hså ccufvh, truflf d rfche
rfchephbuff
phbuff y sdl eès quf mastraoua
mastraouamdrfs
mdrfs mf hcaef
hcaefltds
ltds
lutratavds, sdl fepu`f, bhrrh y bhlhs mf irfifr. Fccds sf flihrbhl mf pflshr fl fc
ehøhlh y ef`drhr ch vamh mf cds buhtfehctfids h trhvás mf hcaefltds lutratavds h
prfiads `ustds, trhthlmd fl ul guturd mf ccfbhr h euikhs phrtfs mfc eulmd idl fc
eased rábaefl quf cd khifl fl fc phås. Mfravhmd h fsd, ch feprfsh sf flihrbh mf
mastraouar ihsa fc eased tapd mf prdmuitd quf O½hltadx sdchefltf quf fl dtrds
mfphrthefltds.

^ è b a l h 82

]dmd tfrrfld fs ul idepftamdr ohsthltf gufrtf, pfrd brhiahs h chs cålfhs mf lfbdiads
quf sf khl fsthocfiamd fltrf prdvffmdrfs sf taflf ulh brhl vflth`h mf pdmfr 
trhoh`hr ihmh uld fl magfrfltfs mfphrthefltds mfc phås, sal feohrbd, fl hcbðl
edefltd iafrtds icafltfs sdl quaflfs lds ulfl mfoamd h ch hmquasaiaùl quf fstds
 khifl. Fc chzd chodrhc quf sf pdsff idl fccds fs fstraitd y rfspftudsd, yh quf iafrtds
icafltfs khl samd idcdihmds marfithefltf fl ch ihrtfrh mf fccds, hså ided theoaál
phrh O½hltadx.

^rdmuitd d sfrvaiad
O½hltadx fs ulh feprfsh mastraouamdrh mf prdmuitds mf praefrh lfifsamhm y idlsued
ehsavd, phrh trhthr mf iuorar d shtasghifr chs lfifsamhmfs mf cds icafltfs. Fltrf
hcbulds mf cds prdmuitds quf sf mastraouyfl fstèl0 gra`dcfs, ifrfhc, cfikf, hifatf, ihgá,

bhccfths, `ubd, ikdidchtfs, phpfc kabaálaid, sfrvaccfths, caepafzh, kabaflf, iabhrrds,

chpaifrds, caidrfs, supcfefltd hcaefltaiad, fltrf dtrds. Iuhlmd sf trhth mf ch vflth mf
prdmuitds, sdeds ulh feprfsh quf, idl ch ihphiamhm mf ehltflfr fl ouflhs
idlmaiadlfs h cds ef`drfs prfiads, mf thc gdreh quf hc ccfbhr hc idlsueamdr sf
fliufltrf fl ùptaehs idlmaiadlfs. H idltaluhiaùl sf mfsiraofl hcbulds mf cds
prdmuitds idl ehydr rdthiaùl y hosdriaùl pdr phrtf mf cds icafltfs, hc galhc mfc måh
sdl cds quf taflfl ul ehrbfl mf bhlhliah euikd eès hctd quf fc cds mfeès0

 ^dzufcd0 Fltrf hcbulds mf cds prdmuit

prdmuitds
ds quf sf hmquafr
hmquafrfl
fl h ^dzuf
^dzufcd
cd fstè ch

vhrafmhm mf bhccfths, ihgá, rfgrfsids, ikdidcht

vhrafmhm ikdidchtfs
fs fltrf dtrds. ^hrh O½hltadx
O½hltadx fc
ehrbfl mf bhlhliah idl maikd prdvffmdr fs khs mfc 6%, saflmd uld mf cds
ef`drfs prdvffmdrfs quf sf taflfl y hså eased fc prdmuitd quf chs taflmhs mf
ohrrads sdcaiathl eès.

 ]hihsh0  Hcbulh
Hcbulhss mf chs gheacah
gheacahss mf prdmuit
prdmuitds
ds quf sf iuflthl fl mastr
mastraouiaù
aouiaùl
l
sd
sdl
l ide
ided
d Eh
Ehrc
rcod
odrd,
rd, C&E,
C&E, _u
_uoa
oads
ds,, Yh
Yheo
eoh,
h, Kf
Kfts
ts.. Ih
Ihmh
mh ul
ulh
h iuf
iuflt
lth
h id
idl
l
magfrfltfs shodrfs sfbðl chs lfifsamhmfs mfc icafltf. Fc ehrbfl mf bhlhliah

^ è b a l h 8;

idl ch feprfsh pufmf ccfbhr khsth hc =% sdorf chs vflth

vflths,
s, saflmd uld mf cds
prdvffmdrfs quf sf prfdiuph eès pdr sus icafltfs yh quf prfeah h cds
vflmfmdrfs mf O½hltadx pdr vflths hluhcfs.
  HIYH0 Fs
Fstf
tf prdvf
prdvffmd
fmdrr sf fl
flih
ihrbh
rbh mf hohst
hohstfif
fifrr pr
prdm
dmui
uitd
td mf pr
prae
aefrh
frh
lfifsamhm ided cd sdl ehydlfshs, shcshs, valhbrfs, edsthzhs, efrefchmhs,
eafc y dtrds. Brhiahs h su fltrfbh prdlth, oufl sfrvaiad y ihcamhm mf prdmuitd
fs quf sf kh cdbrhmd fsthocfifr y sdorf tdmd ehltflfr chs hmquasaiadlfs fl
ul lavf
lavfcc oh
ohst
sthl
hltf
tf fcfv
fcfvhm
hmd.
d. Fl oh
ohsf
sf hc ehrb
ehrbfl
fl mf bh
bhlh
lhli
liah
ah idl
idl maik
maikd
d
prdvffmdr sf kh fsthocfiamd khsth fl ul 9.1% quf fstd htraouyf h sdorfshcar y
ehltflfr ul oufl rflmaeafltd.

Efihlaseds mf hyumh h ch vflth

(^rdediadlfs)
Fl ohsf h sus prdediadlfs, O½hltadx sa fsthocfif magfrfltfs tapds mf prdediadlfs
phrh quf ihmh prdmuitd pufmh rdthrsf sal ccfbhr h tflfr fxifsd mf prdmuitd fl ehc
fsthmd fl chs odmfbhs. Yal feohrbd, idl hcbulds prdvffmdrfs sf trhoh`h mf ch ehld
maikhs prdediadlfs,
prdediadlfs, yh quf, sa ul prdmuitd ld sf fstè idlsue
idlsueaflmd
aflmd y/d vflmaflm
vflmaflmd,
d,
ch easeh feprfsh pufmf ccfbhr h fltrfbhr prdmuitd phrh odlagaihiadlfs d oafl
hpcaihr mfsiufltds quf hc galhc, fl idlthoacamhm, sf trhoh`hl idl ldths mf irámatd. Mf
thc gdreh quf fc icafltf qufmh shtasgfikd idl ch hmquasaiaùl h ul ef`dr prfiad.
Fl heohs phrtfs safeprf sf vfchrè pdr fc oflfgaiad hc idlsueamdr eès quf h
mastraouamdrfs, yh quf fc flgdquf fstè mfstalhmd marfithefltf h ulh hmquasaiaùl y
rfidldiaeafltd mf cds magfrfltfs prdmuitds quf O½hltadx mastraouyf.
 Hcbulds f`fepcds mf prdediadlfs quf sf ehlf`hl mfltrd mf ch feprfsh y quf sdl
fsthocfiamds mfsmf ch ohsf mfc sastfeh quf sf dpfrh phrh fvathr ehc fltflmamds d
hsablhiadlfs frrùlfhs sdl0

^ è b a l h 81

◄ Mdiflhs mf trfif0 Fstd sf rfgafrf h quf fc icafltf ideprh 8? ulamhmfs mf ul

prdmuitd y sf cf odlagaih ulh ulamhm sal idstd hcbuld. Fstd phrh oflfgaiahr h
quf fc icafltf tflbh eès bhlhliahs. Yf trhoh`h marfithefltf mfc prdvffmdr 
khiåh O½hltadx phrh lalbulh mf chs mds phrtfs tflbh pfrmamhs.
 ◄ Mfsi
Mfsiuf
uflt
ltds
ds00 Vl 6 kh
khst
sth
h ul ?> pd
pdrr iafl
iafltd
td mf mf
mfsi
siuf
uflt
ltd
d fl pr
prdm
dmui
uitd
tdss
sfcfiiadlhmds mf ehrihs sfcfiiadlhmhs. Yf hsablh phrh quf cds icafltfs
pufmhl hmquarar fl ehydr ihltamhm, pfrd h ul prfiad ef`dr 
◄ ^rdediaùl ?+80 Fstf oèsaihefltf fs ul ?[8 pfrd fl ch feprfsh sf cf ehlf`h
mf dtrh gdreh. Hc icafltf sf cf hsablh ideprhr mds prdmuitds mf hcbulh ehrih
y sf cf odlagaih ulh ulamhm mfc eased prdmuitd d oafl mfc eased prdvffmdr.
◄ Icafltfs pdtfliahcfs0 Fstè fs prdediaùl fspfiågaih h icafltfs quf murhltf fc
hød hltfradr khl kfikd ideprhs mf vdcuefl y su irámatd kh samd althitd. Yf cf
idcdih mfsiufltd fl iafrtds prdmuitds mf iafrths gheacahs murhltf 8 efs phrh
quf pufmhl ideprhr h ul prfiad ef`dr, mf fsth gdreh sf cfs mh chs brhiahs pdr 
su cfhcthm khiah ch feprfsh. _fbuchrefltf fs phrh 6 h 8> eac icafltfs.
Iùed ehtfrahc puocaiathrad marfithefltf mf cds prdvffmdrfs khiåh ch feprfsh sdl pdr 
cd rfbuchr hgaikfs y ihcflmhrads, cds iuhcfs sf cf fltrfbhl h cds icafltfs. Yal feohrbd,
puocaiamhm marfith sf pufmf ehlf`hr pdr efmad mf cds prdvffmdrfs y trhthlmd mf mhr 
h id
idldi
ldifr
fr su eh
ehri
rih,
h, pf
pfrd
rd mf
mfgagala
latatavhe
vheflt
fltf
f O½
O½hlt
hltad
adxx ld iu
iuflt
flth
h idl
idl pu
puoc
ocai
aiamh
amhm
m
marfithefltf phrh ch feprfsh. Yal feohrbd, fxastfl cds hsfsdrfs quf sf flihrbhl
mf ccfbhr h icafltfs lufvds y trhthr mf khifr chs vflths, mf fsth gdreh sf fepafzh
idl puocaiamhm mf odih h odih phrh mhr h idldifr ch ehrih.

^uocaiamhm
Ldeorf, ehrih, fscdbhl y cdbdtapd

O½hltadx fs ulh feprfsh iafl pdr iafltd buhtfehctfih quf su ldeorf sablagaih fl X
½fqika½ trhmuiamd hc fsphødc fs brhiahs, quf fstè trhthlmd mf sdorf shcar fl fc

^ è b a l h ?>

efrihmd, ided ulh feprfsh mfmaihmh hc sfrvaiad y fltrfbh mf prdmuitd mf ihcamhm h

ch pdochiaùl buhtfehctfih mfsmf yh khif eès mf 1 høds.
O½hltadx fs ulh ehrih rfbastrhmh hltf chs fltamhmfs mfc phås, pdr cd iuhc fs ulh
ehri
ehrih
h qu
quf
f iu
iufl
flth
th id
idl
l td
tdmds
mds cd
cdss cacalf
lfhe
heaf
aflt
ltds
ds fl dr
drmf
mfl
l ph
phrh
rh pdmfr
pdmfr sh
shcacarr id
idl
l
 mastraouiaùl mf prdmuitd fl tdmd Buhtfehch. ]aflf fl su pdmfr _]V, phtfltf mf
idefriad y phtfltf mf sdiafmhm.
Fscdbhl ided thc ch feprfsh ld pdsff, ðlaihefltf sf fsthocfif idl fc ldeorf y fs
hccå mdlmf rfihf tdmh ch algdrehiaùl mf ch feprfsh. Fc rfprfsflthltf mf ch feprfsh
lulih dptù pdr idcdihr ul scdbhl phrh mfgala
mfgalarr h ch feprfsh ided thc, safeprf sf kh
trhthmd ided O½hltadx lhmh eès.
Fc cdbdtapd fs oèsaid, sf fliufltrh fsiratd fl ehyðsiuch idl fc hpdstrdgf quf
rfspfth hc mahcfitd hc quf pfrtflfif. Hc galhc mfc ldeorf O½hltadx taflf ulh ehrapdsh
fl idcdr rd`d quf sf pdsh, fc iuhc sf ehlagafsth ided ulh efthedrgdsas0 iuhlmd ulh
drubh idl fc tafepd sf vufcvf ehrapdsh y kh irfiamd. Fs fxhithefltf cd quf fstè
phshlmd idl ch feprfsh, idl fc tafepd kh amd fvdcuiadlhlmd y hkdrh sf fliufltrh
ided ulh ehrapdsh idl hceh, aledrthc y rflhiaflmd.

Ghitdrfs altfrlds0

Hiiadl
Hiiadlast
asths
hs Fl ch feprfsh ld khy hiiadlasths fs ul sdcd prdpafthrad y Bfrfltf
Bflf
Bflfrh
rhcc fl ch fe
fepr
prfs
fsh
h O½
O½hl
hltatadx
dx y su eh
ehrih
rih rfb
rfbas
astr
trhm
hmh
h phr
phrh
h ch mast
mastrao
raoui
uiaù
aùl
l mf
prdmuitds
prdmuitds mf praefrh lfif
lfifsamhm
samhm y idlsued
idlsued ehsavd
ehsavd,, fc Bfrfltf Bflfrhc fs quafl
td
tdeh
eh ch
chss mfi
mfias
asad
adlf
lfss pr
pral
alia
iaph
phcf
cfs,
s, sal
sal fe
feohr
ohrbd
bd th
theo
eoaá
aál
l iuf
iuflt
lth
h id
idl
l ul fqua
fquapd
pd
idlgdrehmd pdr pfrsdlhs ihphiathmhs quaflfs fstèl hitavhefltf ideprdeftamds
idl ch feprfsh, mf thc gdreh quf pufmhl flidltrhr ef`drhs y tdeh mf alaiahtavh phrh
cdbrhr ulh feprfsh idepftatavh y sdstflaocf.
Mfsmf su irfhiaùl, fl ehrzd mf ?>8? fstè ideprdeftamh fl camfrhr ch vflth mf
prdmuitds mf ihcamhm, idl fxifcfliah fl ch bfstaùl. Hså eased pdsaoacathr fc mfshrrdccd
pfrsdlhc y prdgfsadlhc mf lufstrd fquapd.

^ è b a l h ?8

Fc bfrfltf bflfrhc fs fc ðlaid mufød y hmealastrhmdr mf ch feprfsh y fs quafl ccfvh

tdmd fc idltrdc mf chs galhlzhs, bhstds, idstds, alvflthrads mf ch ehld mf su fquapd
mf trhoh`d
 Hlèc
Hlècasas.. Fc bfrfltf bflfrhc fs ul alvfrsadlasth fl hiiadlfs mf sdiafmhmfs mf
asas
ihpathc quf ousih vhrads do`ftavds0 rflthoacamhm ch feprfsh, sdiahcefltf rfspdlshocf,
fidlùeaihef
fidlùeaihefltf
ltf rfltho
rflthocf,
cf, heoaflthc
heoaflthcefltf
efltf sdstflaoc
sdstflaocf
f y quf pfrmurf idl áxatd fl fc
guturd, mfltrd mf ul ehrid mf hmealastrhiaùl mf rafsbds. Ydl mds chs gufltfs mf
rflthoacamhm0 ch vhcdrazhiaùl mf ch alvfrsaùl y cds mavamflmds. ^dsffr hiiadlfs idl
caquamfz quf pfreath su vflth y rdthr ch alvfrsaùl.

Fepcfhmds. Ya fc fepcfhmd ld sufcf tflfr áxatd fl fc mfshrrdccd mf sus hitavamhmfs,

prdohocfefltf fstheds khochlmd mf quf ld pdsfh cds idldiaeafltds lfifshrads
phrh ccfvhrchs h ihod: mf sfr hså, fstheds khochlmd mf ul prdocfeh mf ihphiathiaùl
pdr phrtf mf ch feprfsh y ch bflfrhiaùl mf grustrhiaùl fl ul trhoh`hmdr.

_fiursds
_fiursds kuehlds,
kuehlds, sf flihrbh mf vfchr pdr ul oufl guliadlheafltd altfrld mf ch
feprfsh, thltd phrh ehltflfr h cds trhoh`hmdrfs fl dptaehs idlmaiadlfs hså ided
theoaál ch drbhlazhiaùl. Maikh pfrsdlh iuflth idl eflsh`frd h su ihrbd, phrh ccfvhr 
h ihod fc trhschmd mf tdmh mdiueflthiaùl h cubhrfs fsthocfiamds, hså ided theoaál
hsastfltf hmealastrhtavd phrh hsastar, iddrmalhr y f`fiuthr thrfhs bfrfliahcfs.
Yupfrvasdrfs mf vflths, taflfl h su ihrbd hprdxaehmhefltf 86 pfrsdlhs. Fltrf
cds iuhcfs mfsthihl chs pfrsdlhs mf prfvflth, rfphrtd f aepucshmdrfs. Yal feohrbd,

fc trhoh`d mf fccds idlccfvh euikd eès tafepd y mfmaihiaùl, phrh pdmfr dotflfr 
vflths y mf fsth gdreh cds alifltavds sfrèl fgfitavds thltd phrh ch feprfsh ided
phrh fccds easeds.
Fl fc èrfh mf idstds , sf fliufltrh flbcdohmd pdr pfrsdlhc idl ihphiamhmfs mf
rfhcazhr fc èrfh idlthocf, mfsmf ch ghiturhiaùl, sastfeh y ihrtfrh mf icafltfs. Mf thc
gdreh quf tdmd fstá hohchmd pdr ch cfy y ld fxasth lhmh gufrh cd fsthocfiamd.
Mfphrthefltd mf cdbåstaih, trhoh`hlmd `ulthefltf idl huxacahrfs mf odmfbh, fstèl
mfstalhmds phrh ehltflfr fc drmfl y mastraouiaùl mf prdmuitd fl drmfl fsthocfiamd,

^ è b a l h ??

tflaflmd fl iuflth chs gfikhs mf vfliaeafltd mf cds prdmuitds y fc oufl fsthmd mf

fstf.
Hlèc
Hlècasas..  Hcbulds mf cds fepcfhmds dosfrvhl hc Bfrfltf ided ulh gaburh mf
asas
hutdramhm masthltf y pdid hiifsaocf phrh khochr sdorf iuhcquafr tfeh prdgfsadlhc. Yal
 feoh
feohrb
rbd,
d, ul fsta
fstacd
cd mf id
ideu
eulai
laihi
hiaù
aùl
l qu
quf
f pf
pfre
reatatf
f fc maèc
maècdb
dbd
d gr
grfiu
fiuflt
fltf
f fl
fltr
trf
f fc
Bfrfltf y cds fepcfhmds irfh ul icaeh mf idlgahlzh y maècdbd quf algcuyf fl ch
aepcaihiaùl mf cds trhoh`hmdrfs. Cds fepcfhmds phshl euikhs kdrhs mf su vamh fl ch
feprfsh. Hså ided chs pfrsdlhs iuamhl ch mfidrhiaùl mfc kdbhr phrh irfhr ulh
gfcaia
gfcaiamhm
mhm idt
idtama
amahlh
hlh fl ihs
ihsh,
h, fxastf
fxastf magfrf
magfrflia
liah
h flt
fltrf
rf trh
trhoh`
oh`hr
hr fl ul fsp
fsphia
hiad
d quf
prdy
prdyfi
fith
th cuz
cuz y ul
ulh
h fstá
fstátataih
ih hb
hbrh
rhmh
mhoc
ocf,
f, d gdre
gdrehr
hr phrt
phrtf
f mf ul fl
fltd
tdrl
rld
d br
bras
as y
mfsiuamhmd.

Icafltfs. Hprdxaehmhefltf sf pdsff idl eès mf 9 eac icafltfs hitavds fl ch ihrtfrh,

fl fc trhy
trhyfi
fitd
td mf fl
fltr
trfb
fbh
h theo
theoaá
aál
l pu
pufm
fmfl
fl surb
surbar
ar lu
lufv
fvds
ds idep
ideprh
rhmd
mdrf
rfss qu
quf
f
ðlaihefltf cd khrèl fl ulh dihsaùl, cds oflfgaiads mf ch feprfsh idl ch shtasghiiaùl
mf sus icafltfs sdl euikds pfrd fltrf fccds fstè gamfcazhiaùl Efmahltf rfchiadlfs
fsth
fsthoc
ocfs
fs h ch
chrbd
rbd pchzd
pchzd,, pd
pdsa
saia
iadl
dlhe
heaf
aflt
ltd
d fl fc ef
efririhm
hmd
d Irf
Irfhlm
hlmd
d ul
ulhh ae
aehb
hbfl
fl
idrpd
idrpdrh
rhtatavh
vh mf rf
rfgf
gfrfl
rflia
iah,
h, ma
magu
gusa
saùl
ùl ul
ulds
ds icaf
icaflt
ltfs
fs sht
shtas
asgf
gfikd
ikdss ir
irfhl
fhl ul
ulh
h dl
dlmh
mh
fxphlsavh quf prdpdriadlh h ch feprfsh irfmaoacamhm y eès icafltfs, pdr fc idltrhrad,
ul icafltf alshtasgfikd idlthbah su mfsidltfltd h dtrds icafltfs pdtfliahcfs, idstfs
Fl bflfrhc, cds idstfs mf idlsfbuar icafltfs
icafltfs lufvds sdl euikd ehydrfs
ehydrfs quf cds mf
rftflfr cds fxastfltfs.

 H idltaluhiaùl, sf fluefrhl hcbulds mf cds eès pdtfliahcfs y ul irámatd althikhocf0

althikhocf0

d ^rdlf (Yðpfr ?=)

d Alvfrsadlfs Yhlmdvhc
d Fsthiadlfs mf sfrvaiad (Bhsdcalfrhs)
d ealasðpfr 
d ]aflmhs mf trdph
d Yupfrefrihmds mf ohrrad

^ è b a l h ?9

Hlècasas. Iuhlmd irfheds lufstrh aehbfl idrpdrhtavh, cd quf fstheds khiaflmd fl

rfhcamhm fs vflmfr ulh fxpfithtavh, cd khifeds phrh htrhfr h pdtfliahcfs icafltfs,
pfrd cufbd fc trhoh`d eès murd sfrè iuepcar idl fsh fxpfithtavh y shtasghifrch. Hccå
 rhmaih ch aepdrthliah mf pfrsfbuar ch fxifcf
fxifcfliah.
liah. Ch htflia
htfliaùl
ùl hc icaflt
icafltf
f taflf quf vfr 
idl ch ehlfrh fl ch quf sf prfsth fc sfrvaia
sfrvaiad,
d, pfrd ld fs fc sfrvai
sfrvaiad
ad fl så eased
eased,, sf

mfof pdmfr flhedrhr hc icafltf. Ch feprfsh pufmf prfsthr ul sfrvaiad mf hcth

ihcamhm, pfrd mfof trhseatarcd h cds icafltfs, fsthocfiaflmd ulh idlfxaùl kuehlh quf
oflfgaiahrè h ch pfrifpiaùl mf fstf. Lufstrds icafltfs idlgåhl fl ldsdtrds y lds
prfg
prfgaf
afrf
rfl
l fl ch ef
efma
mamh
mh fl qu
quf
f cd
cdss kh
khbh
bhed
edss sf
sflt
ltar
ar ae
aepd
pdrt
rthlt
hltfs
fs,, fsi
fsiuik
uikhm
hmds
ds y
shtasgfikds.

^rdvffm
^rdvffmdrf
drfs.
s. O½hltadx fs ch rfchiaùl mf ihcamhm idl cds icafltfs, prdvffmdrfs y
trhoh`hmdrfs. Hituhcefltf hcbulds mf cds prdvffmdrfs idl cds quf sf taflf ul chzd
euy gufrtf fs ^dzufcd, Iflmhczh, Idmash, Jfccdbb½s, Oai, Lhturh hifatfs, @a Idkfl,
Kfchmds mf I. H., Gagid, ^hrhyhs y pdr sup
Kfchmds supufs
ufstd
td ]ho
]hohihc
hihcfrh
frh Ifl
Ifltrd
trdhef
hefrai
raihlh.
hlh.
Brhiahs hc oufl guliadlheafltd idl maikhs feprfshs fs quf fc prdmuitd ccfbh h
trhvás mf O½hltadx h chs ideulamhmfs y taflmhs mf ohrrad phrh hohstfifr. Fltrf cds
prdmuitds quf sf mastraouyfl fstèl0 gra`dcfs, ifrfhc, cfikf, hifatf, ihgá, bhccfths, `ubd,
ikdidchtfs, phpfc kabaálaid, sfrvaccfths, caepafzh, kabaflf, iabhrrds, chpaifrds, caidrfs,
supcfefltd hcaefltaiad, fltrf dtrds. Fl dtrhs phchorhs, marfeds quf fc prdvffmdr 
taflf eès pdmfr mf lfbdiahiaùl sa fs ihphz mf algcuar eès fl chs mfiasadlfs mf ch
feprfsh quf hmquafrf sus alsueds.

Hlèc
Hlècas
asas
as.. Cd
Cdss pr
prdv
dvff
ffmd
mdrf
rfss sdl
sdl fsfl
fsflia
iahc
hcfs
fs ph
phrh
rh tdmh
tdmh Fepr
Feprfs
fsh.
h. Ya
Yal
l quaf
quafl
l tf
prdpdriadlfl efrihliåh phrh su idefriahcazhiaùl, idsthråh euikd trhoh`d irfifr. ^dr 
dtrd chmd, idlsamfrhlmd
idlsamfrhlmd quf ch dpfrhiaùl mahrah rfquafrf mf algalamhm
algalamhm mf prdmuit
prdmuitds
ds y
sfrvaiads
sfrvaiads quf theoa
theoaál
ál gdrehl phrtf mf lufstr
lufstrds
ds idstds y bhstds bflfrhc
bflfrhcfs.
fs. Hmfeès
mf ghiacathr cd quf lfifsaths phrh khifr lfbdiads, cds prdvffmdrfs sdl ulh gufltf
aepdrthltf mf algdrehiaùl phrh fvhcuhr fc pdtfliahc mf lufvds hrtåiucds, phrh mhrcf
sfbu
sfbuae
aeaf
aflt
ltd
d h ch
chss hiiad
hiiadlfs
lfs mf lu
lufs
fstr
trds
ds id
idep
epft
ftam
amdrf
drfss f am
amflt
fltagagai
aihr
hr èrf
èrfhs
hs mf
dpdrtulamhm.

^ è b a l h ?=

 
 Ghitdrfs fxtfrlds0

Bdoafr
Bdoafrld.
ld. Fc rafsbd pdcåtaid taflf rfpfriusadlfs sdorf èeoatds euy vhrahmds mfc
idefriad y ch hitavamhm fidlùeaih altfrlhiadlhc mf ch feprfsh. Ásths pufmfl ar 
mfsm
mfsmf
f fc alir
alirfe
fefl
fltd
td mf cds
cds idst
idstfs
fs dpfr
dpfrht
htav
avds
ds,, ch idli
idliur
urrf
rfli
liah
ah mf pá
párm
rmam
amhs
hs
idefriahcfs d alicusd fc iafrrf mf alsthchiadlfs. Ch husfliah mf fsthoacamhm pdcåtaih
theoaál pufmf hgfithr h ch ihmflh mf suealastrds. Kdy fl måh, iuhcquafr fvfltd d
mfiasaùl pdcåtaih quf altfrgafrh fl fc gcu`d mf ch ihmflh mf suealastrd pufmf hgfithr 
brhvfefltf h fl ch feprfsh. ^frd fstd ld hgfith h O½hltadx pufs sf iuflth idl
tdmds cds phpfcfs y calfheafltds fl drmfl phrh pdmfr f`frifr mfltrd mf Buhtfehch
thltd fl ealastfrad
ealastfrad mf trhoh`
trhoh`d
d ided fl YH]. ^dsff phtfltf mf idefriad, alsirat
alsiratd
d fl
Idltrhcdråh Lhiadlhc mf iuflths, fepcfhmds alsiratds fl ABYY `ultd h tdmhs sus
prfsthiadlfs mf cfy. Hc edefltd mf khifr mfspamd, hutdeètaihefltf fc fepcfhmd
dpth pdr caquamhiaùl sfbðl cds phrèeftrds.

Hlècasas. Fl ch hituhcamhm, ch alifrtamueorf pdcåtaih quf vavfl hcbulds phåsfs taflf

rfpfriusadlfs fl fc mfvflar mf cds lfbdiads. ^frd ´iùed hgfith ch alfsthoacamhm
pdcåtaih h chs feprfshs4 Fstf ghitdr taflf idlsfiufliahs sdorf ch idepftatavamhm

fltrf ulhs feprfshs y dtrhs mfltrd mfc eased phås. ^frd, sdorf tdmd, fltrf chs mf ul
phås y chs mfc èeoatd altfrlhiadlhc. Ch rhzùl fs quf hspfitds ided cds rfquasatds
phrh idls
idlstat
tatuar
uar ulh fep
feprfs
rfsh,
h, cds aep
aepufst
ufstds,
ds, cds trè
trèeat
eatfs
fs phrh
phrh fxp
fxpdrt
drthiad
hiadlfs
lfs f
aepdrt
aepdrthia
hiadlf
dlfs…
s… Fst
Fstèl
èl su`
su`ftd
ftdss h ihe
iheoad
oadss sfb
sfbðl
ðl fc Bdo
Bdoafr
afrld
ld mfc edeflt
edefltd.
d. Ch
alfsthoacamhm, hmfeès, rfpfriutf fl fc icaeh mf alvfrsaùl mfc phås fl bflfrhc.

Fidldeåh.   Hulquf ch bfstaùl altfrlh mf ulh feprfsh fs fc fcfefltd eès

aepdrthltf phrh su irfiaeafltd y mfshrrdccd ld sf pufmf phshr pdr hctd ch brhl

^ è b a l h ?6

ihltamhm mf ghitdrfs fidlùeaids fxtfrlds quf pufmfl hgfithr fl ehydr d efldr 

efmamh h su satuhiaùl. Hulquf ch bcdohcazhiaùl cd alvhmf tdmd, ch feprfsh fstè
uoaihmh fl ul phås idlirftd, fsd fstè ehrihlmd iafrtds cåeatfs fl cds iuhcfs sf fstè
edvaflmd. Mf kfikd, fstds idlmaiadlhltfs sufcfl sfr cds quf eès marfithefltf
 rfpfriutfl fl ch feprfsh. Oèsaihefltf, khocheds mf iufstadlfs thl fspfiågaihs
ided fc iaicd fidlùeaid quf htrhvafsf fc phås, cds tapds mf altfrás quf sf hpcaihl

(sdl ul rfgfrfltf mf iuèc fs ch fsthoacamhm fidlùeaih mfc phås) y ch ohchlzh mf

phbds, quf sf mfgalf ided fc shcmd fltrf chs trhlshiiadlfs mf cds rfsamfltfs y cds ld
rfsamfltfs quf, iuhltd eès fquacaorhmh fstá, ef`dr.

Hlècasas. Ld pdmfeds mf`hr mf alicuar fl fstf hlècasas mf ghitdrfs fidlùeaids quf

hgfithl hc mfshrrdccd mf iuhcquafr feprfsh fsds quf gdrehl phrtf mf cd quf sf
mfldealh ehirdfidldeåh. Fs iafrtd quf fs ul táreald quf phrfif mfehsahmd
hcf`hmd
hcf`hmd mf lufst
lufstrh
rh rfhca
rfhcamhm
mhm mf pfqufø
pfqufød
d feprfsh
feprfshrad,
rad, sal feohrbd
feohrbd,, ch idepdl
idepdlfl
fl trfs
mhtds thl mftfrealhltfs fl ch fstruiturh mf prfiads ided sdl fc tapd mf iheoad fltrf
chs mastalths edlfmhs, ch algchiaùl y chs thshs mf altfrás.
Fc id
idldi
ldiaeaeaf
aflt
ltd
d mf fstd
fstdss gh
ghit
itdrf
drfss fi
fidl
dlùe
ùeaiaids
ds qu
quf
f hgfit
hgfithl
hl hc mfs
mfshr
hrrdc
rdccd
cd mf ch
feprfsh sùcd sfrè ðtac sa sf ehltaflf ul idltrdc sdorf fccds y sus gcuituhiadlfs phrh
quf khyh tafepd mf aepchlthr efmamhs quf fquacaorfl fc mhød d oflfgaiads quf
pufmfl ihushr.
ihushr. Hulquf ihmh feprfsh sf pufmf vfr hgfithmh mf ul edmd u dtrd fl
guliaùl mfc sfitdr hc quf pfrtflfzih y mfc tapd mf lfbdiad quf ccfvf h ihod.

Bfdb
Bfdbrh
rhgåh. Ch cdih
gåh. cdihcacazh
zhia
iaùl
ùl bfdb
bfdbrè
règagaih
ih mf ch fepr
feprfs
fsh
h fs ul
ulh
h mf
mfia
iasa
saùl
ùl mf tapd
tapd
fstrhtábaid, vathc phrh ch vahoacamhm mf ch easeh. Maikh mfiasaùl mfpflmfrè mf iafrtds
ghitdrfs
ghitdrfs quf pufmfl ghvdrfi
ghvdrfifr
fr d pfr`umaihr ch hitava
hitavamhm
mhm fidlùeaih prfsfltf y guturh
mf ch feprfsh fl ulh mftfrealhmh cdihcamhm, eulaiapad, zdlh d rfbaùl. Ch praefrh
mfiasaùl quf sf taflf quf tdehr phrh fcfbar ch cdihcazhiaùl eès amùlfh mf ulh
odmfbh fs mftfrealhr ch pdochiaùl mdlmf sf vh h uoaihr, phrh cd quf fs lfifshrad
ihciuchr fc èrfh idefriahc d –zdlh mf algcufliah― mf ihmh mfphrthefltd. Yf kh
ehltflamd
ehltflamd hituhceflt
hituhcefltf
f ch mastraouiaùl
mastraouiaùl fl cds mfphrtheflt
mfphrthefltds
ds mf ^ftál
^ftál,, Idoèl, Oh`h
Wfrhphz, Yhlth _dsh, @utahph, Phihph, Azhohc, Xuftzhctflhlbd y Kufkuftflhlbd,

^ è b a l h ?7

ccfb
ccfbhl
hlmd
md h lu
lufs
fstr
trd
d ef
efri
rihm
hmd
d fsfl
fsflia
iahc
hc qu
quf
f sdl
sdl tafl
taflmh
mhss mf ohrr
ohrrad
ad,, tafl
taflmh
mhss mf
idlvflafliah, eala supfr y icafltfs ehydrasths

Hlècasas. Fs euy aepdrthltf quf fl fc edefltd mf alaiahr ulh hitavamhm, tflbheds

 euy ichrd iuèc sfrè fc èeoatd bfdbrègaid quf prftflmfeds hohrihr, yh quf fl
guliaùl mf quf fc tfrratdrad mf hituhiaùl sfh eès d eflds rfmuiamd, chs feprfshs

pufmfl ichsag
pufmfl ichsagaih
aihrsf
rsf fl cdi
cdihcf
hcfs,
s, rfb
rfbadl
adlhcf
hcfs,
s, lhi
lhiadl
adlhcf
hcfs,
s, ideu
ideulat
lathra
hrahs.
hs. Vlh brhl
ehydråh mf chs feprfshs ideaflzhl dpfrhlmd fl ul tfrratdrad pfqufød, fs mfiar, sdl
cdihcfs fl sus dråbflfs y idl fc phsd mfc tafepd y su idlsdcamhiaùl fl fc efrihmd
fl fc quf dpfrhl y fc idlsfiufltf áxatd fl cds lfbdiads, irfifl hohrihlmd ul
èeoatd mf hituhiaùl ihmh vfz ehydr.

Mfedbrhgåh. Fxast
Fxastfl
fl vhrads ghitdrf
ghitdrfss mfedbrè
mfedbrègaids
gaids quf hgfit
hgfithl
hl h ch feprfsh
feprfsh.. Fstds
ghit
ghitdr
drfs
fs sdl
sdl magf
magfrf
rflt
ltfs
fs rh
rhsb
sbds
ds qu
quf
f sf pu
pufm
fmfl
fl utac
utacaz
azhr
hr ph
phrh
rh mf
mftf
tfre
real
alhr
hr chs
chs
prfgfrfliahs sdorf lufstrds prdmuitds d cds idepdrtheafltds mf ideprh mf cds
Icafltfs. Ch ehydråh ch feprfsh cd amfltagaih y h cds sus icafltfs ichvf h trhvás mf
fstds rhsbds. Cufbd, hodrmh
hodrmhl
l h cds idlsueamdrfs idl mftfre
mftfrealhmhs
alhmhs ihrhitfråstaihs
ihrhitfråstaihs
fl sus
sus prde
prdedi
diad
adlf
lfs.
s. ^h
^hrh
rh mara
maraba
bars
rsf
f h cds
cds idls
idlsue
ueam
amdr
drfs
fs idl
idl ihrh
ihrhit
itfr
frås
åstataih
ihss
mfedbrègaihs saeachrfs hyumh h ehxaeazhr chs vflths y chs bhlhliahs mf ch feprfsh.
Ided do`ftavd fs prdpdriadlhr h cds icafltfs prdmuitds y sfrvaiads quf shtasghbhl sus
lfifsamhmfs y mfsfds, sfbðl ch alvfstabhiaùl mf ul efrihmd do`ftavd mftfrealhmd

Hlècasas. Fl O½hltadx utacazheds ch mavasaùl mf ul efrihmd fl brupds eès pfquføds,

fstds pufmfl sfr mavamamds sfbðl ch fmhm, fc bálfrd, cds albrfsds gheacahrfs, ch rhzh y
ch ftlah, ch ihcagaihiaùl, fc fsthmd iavac, ch lhturhcfzh mfc fepcfd, fti. Fs ulh thrfh
fxtrfe
fxtrfehmh
hmhefl
efltf
tf tfm
tfmads
adsh
h phr
phrh
h cds alv
alvfst
fstabh
abhmdrf
mdrfss ich
ichsag
sagaih
aihrr h cds icaflt
icafltfs
fs h cds
magfrfltfs brupds mfedbrègaids, ch algdrehiaùl mfedbrègaih mf chs pfrsdlhs sufcf
sfr mf gèiac hiifsd. Fs pdr fsd pdr cd quf fsth sfbeflthiaùl kh bhlhmd ulh brhl
pdpuch
pdpuchram
ramhm
hm fltrf
fltrf cds prfv
prfvflmf
flmfmdrf
mdrfs.
s. Cfs fs euy ðt
ðtacac phr
phrh
h rfidpa
rfidpachr
chr y hlh
hlhcaz
cazhr 
hr 
euikds mhtds fl orfvfs pfradmds mf tafepd.
 

^ è b a l h ?2

]fildcdbåh. Cds eès mavfrs

mavfrsds
ds iheoads tfildcùba
tfildcùbaids
ids fstèl hgfithlmd h tdmd tapd mf
feprfshs uld mf cds brhlmfs rftds mf ch feprfsh fl fstf hød fs ch utacazhiaùl mf chs
tfildcdbåhs mf gdreh fgaiafltf, fs mfiar, quf mfmuif fl ulh ehydr ihcamhm fl cds
prdmuitds quf sf mastraouyfl.
 Ch feprfsh ihmh vfz hsuef ul ehydr rafsbd fl fc prdifsd tfildcùbaid mfoamd

gulmheflthcefltf h quf ch tfildcdbåh vh mf`hlmd mf sfr ulh gufltf mf vflth`h

idep
idepft
ftatatav
avh,
h, yh quf
quf ás
ásth
th supdl
supdlf
f h idr
idrtd
td pc
pchzd
hzd ul lavf
lavfcc mf sup
supfrv
frvav
avfli
fliah
ah.. sa
sal
l
feohrbd, ld maspdlfr mf ch tfildcdbåh supdlf ld pdmfr sdorfvavar fl fc efrihmd
hituhc.
Ch feprfsh ld hohrih ulh bheh mf tfildcdbåh hcth, sdchefltf iuflth idl cds
hphrhtds lfifshrads phrh ch mastraouiaùl mfc prdmuitd, sf taflf oafl ichrd quf sf
lfifsath ul hvhlif tfildcùbaid phrh ef`drfs guliadlfs thltd fl cds vflmfmdrfs
ided fl fc èrfh hmealastrhtavh. Cds praliaphcfs fcfefltds tfildcùbaids utacazhmds
sdl0
 KhlmKfcm
 Aeprfsdrhs
 Ideputhmdrhs (Fltfrprasf)
 Ikap altfcabfltf

Hlècasas. Ch tfildcdbåh kh mf`hmd mf sfr ul cu`d d pravacfbad fl tdmd fc eulmd, su usd

sf kh idlvfrtamd fl ul fcfefltd gulmheflthc fl fc èeoatd pfrsdlhc y feprfshrahc.
Fl ul eulmd thl hitavd y bcdohcazhmd, chs feprfshs mfofl sfr rèpamhs y fgaiafltfs

idl tdmds sus rfiursds, ch tfildcdbåh kh ccfbhmd phrh rfsdcvfr cds prdocfehs y
fcaealhr chs ohrrfrhs mf chs drbhlazhiadlfs h trhvás mf sastfehs alldvhmdrfs y quf
sdl hmhpthocfs h chs lfifsamhmfs mf ihmh ulh. Cd quf hltfs tdehoh sfehlhs f
alicusd efsfs, kdy fl måh fs pdsaocf tfrealhr fl ulds pdids ealutds y sal ehydr 
fsgufrzd
fsgufrzd la idepcaihia
idepcaihiaùl
ùl Iuhlmd ulh feprfsh tdeh rfsast
rfsastfliah
fliah h aepch
aepchlthr
lthr lufvhs
tfildcdbåhs fl ihmh uld mf sus prdifsds hueflth sus prdohoacamhmfs mf fsthlihrsf
y qufmhrsf htrès, sdorf tdmd hqufcchs fl fthph mf irfiaeafltd quf hðl ld sf
fliufltrhl tdthcefltf fsthoacazhmhs d pdsaiadlhmhs fl fc efrihmd.   Ch tfildcdbåh fs

^ è b a l h ?;

ul rfiu
rfiurs
rsd
d gulm
gulmhe
hefl
flth
thcc ph
phrh
rh O½
O½hl
hltatadx
dx qu
quf
f sf fl
fliu
iufl
fltr
trhl
hl fl fc pr
prdi
difs
fsd
d mf
irfiaeafltd,
irfiaeafltd, fs ulh kfrrhea
kfrrheaflth
flth idl ch quf pufmf cdbrhrsf ch dptaeazhiaù
dptaeazhiaùl
l y ef`drh
mf cds prdifsds mf drbhlazhiaùl, mfsphikd, vflths y idorhlzh, fti. Xuf cfs pfreatarè
fsthocfifr vflth`hs idepftatavhs idl chs iuhcfs pdmrèl pdsaiadlhrsf fl fc efrihmd,
 idlsfbuar ehydrfs icafltfs y pdr supufstd, hcihlzhr ehydrfs lavfcfs mf vflths f
alicusd mf fxphlsaùl.

IHMFLH MF WHCD_

^rdifsds ^raehrads0

Dpfr
Dpfrhi
hiad
adlf
lfss pr
prdm
dmui
uiia
iaùl
ùl..  Hituhcefltf lds mfsflvdcvfeds fl ul eulmd
idepcfthefltf bcdohcazhmd mdlmf fc sfr kuehld ousih rfgfrfltfs aepdrthltfs h
quafl aeathr fl sus hitavamhmfs idtamahlhs d su fstacd mf vamh, cd eased diurrf idl chs

feprfs
fepr fshs
hs tr
trht
hthl
hl mf ab
abuh
uhch
chrr idstu
idstueo
eorfs
rfs d lfifsa
lfifsamh
mhmf
mfss y fs
fstd
td pr
prdm
dmuif
uif fl cd
cdss
almavamuds prfdiuphiadlfs y mfsfds mf magfrfltfs ålmdcfs. Hltf fsths lfifsamhmfs d
mfsfds suiueoaeds
suiueoaeds fl ch hsparhiaùl mf ideflzhr idl ch dotfliaùl mf prdpafmhmfs
pravhmhs thcfs ided ideprhs mf oaflfs y bflfrhr raqufzhs idl fc gal mf tflfr ul
sfltamd mf pfrtflfliah mfltrd mf ch sdiafmhm ihpathcasth fl ch quf lds mfshrrdccheds.
Flgdièlmdsf
Flgdièlmdsf fl tdmd fstd O½hltadx irfh vhcdr ideprhlm
ideprhlmd
d y vflmaf
vflmaflmd
lmd prdmuitds mf
praefrh lfifsamhm y idlsued ehsavd. Fsths sdl chs dpfrhiadlfs mf ch feprfsh
ideprhr fc prdmuitd h mastaltds prdvffmdrfs quf lds khl mhmd h idlgahlzh mastraouar 
sus ehrihs rfbastrhmhs, lufstrh prdmuiiaùl mf vflths fs fc sfbulmd prdifsd quf
tf
tflfe
lfeds
ds fl lu
lufst
fstrh
rh ih
ihmf
mflh
lh mf vhc
vhcdr
dr fstd
fstd mf ch eh
ehld
ld mf fxi
fxifc
fcfl
fltf
tf pfr
pfrsd
sdlhc
lhc
ihphiathmd phrh htflmfr h tdmh ch rfbaùl mdlmf lds flidltrheds uoaihmds

Wflt
Wflths
hs y pd
pdst
st vf
vflth. Ch Wflth y pdst vflth sf rfgafrf h tdmhs chs hiiadlfs mf
lth.
sfbuaeafltd y htfliaùl quf cf oralmheds h lufstrds icafltfs mfspuás mf khofr 
galhcazhmd fc prdifsd mf ideprh idl cds prdvffmdrfs. Fsths hiiadlfs vhl eès hccè mf
rfspdlmfrcfs iuhlmd fltrhl fl idlthitd cds vflmfmdrfs. Yu galhcamhm fs fstrfikhr ch
rfchiaùl
rfchiaùl fltrf fccds y ch ehrih quf sf rfprfsflth hc hbrfbhrcf vhcdr h su fxpfrafliah
fxpfrafliah

^ è b a l h ?1

mf ideprh. Lufstrds icafltfs hituhcfs sdl tu idlquasth eès vhcadsh. Ydl fccds cds
rfspdlshocfs
rfspdlshocfs mf tdmhs lufstrhs vflths rfiurrfltf
rfiurrfltfss y quaflf
quaflfss pufmfl mhrlds ef`dr 
rftrdhc
rftrdhcaef
aeflth
lthiaù
iaùl
l h cd quf lfi
lfifsat
fsathed
hedss phr
phrh
h ora
oralmhr
lmhr ulh ef`
ef`dr
dr fxpf
fxpfraf
raflia
liah
h mf
ideprh. ^dr fsd, fltflmfr fc phpfc mf vflth y pdst vflth fs iruiahc phrh idlsfbuar 
 ef`drfs rfsucthmds idl lufstrd pchl mf Ehrjftalb.

Cdbå
Cdbåst
stai
aihh al
altf
tfrl
rlhh y fxtf
fxtfrl
rlh.
h. Ch fe
fepr
prfs
fsh
h mfof
mfof sf
sfrr ih
ihphz
phz mf rfi
rfifp
fpia
iadlh
dlhrr cd
cdss
prdmuitds. Kdy fl måh sf khif h trhvás mf sastfehs algdreètaids. Hså pufmfl
bfstadlhr ch rfifpiaùl y ccfvhr h ihod ulh prfvasaùl mf iuèlmd y iùed sf khrè. ^dr 
f`fepcd, cds prdifsds mf paijalb d iuhcquafr dtrd tapd mf ehlapuchiaùl hmaiadlhc.
 Hmfeès mf ch bfstaùl mfc stdij fl tafepd rfhc, quf hueflth fc vhcdr mfc
hcehiflheafltd ch rfspdlshoacamhm fl fc sabuafltf phsd mf ch ihmflh mf vhcdr. Ch
feprfsh sf hsfburh mf quf tdmds cds prdmuitds sfhl fltrfbhmds iuepcaflmd idl chs
lfifsamhmfs mfc icafltf. ^hrh fccds sf lfifsath pdmfr vfr ch trhzhoacamhm mf cds
flvåds. Fs aepdrthltf mfc trhlspdrtf mf prdmuitds sf ccfvf h ihod mfltrd mf O½hltadx,

ch phrtf eès aepdrthltf fs ch quf sf f`fiuth gufrh mf fsth. Mf kfikd, sa sf paflsh fl

fc trhlspdrtf galhc, fc quf pfreatarè ccfvhr fc prdmuitd khsth fc icafltf galhc, fstf
idlstatuyf ulh ghsf gulmheflthc mfc prdifsd, y fs uld mf cds fcfefltds eès
aepdrthltfs mf ch cdbåstaih fxtfrlh. Ided fs cùbaid, thltd phrh quf fc trhlspdrtf quf
shcf ided phrh quf fc hcehiflheafltd sfhl cds idrrfitds, fs lfifshrad ccfvhr h
ihod ul idrrfitd alvflthrahmd mf tdmhs chs efrihliåhs maspdlaocfs, hså ided mfc
cubhr fxhitd fl fc quf sf fliufltrhl. Fstd aepcaih ul edlatdrfd fl tafepd rfhc, thltd
murhltf ch ghsf mf hcehiflheafltd ided mf fltrfbhs y fstd sf ccfvh h ihod fl ch
feprfsh
feprfsh sfehlhc pdr cd rfbuchr mds vfifs h ch sfehlh phrh ealae
ealaeazhr
azhr cds ghcthltfs
mf prdmuitds d cds iruifs mf efrihliåh

^rdifsds Yfiulmhrads0

Algrhfstruiturh. Idlsastf fl vhrahs hitavamhmfs alicuyflmd ch hmealastrhiaùl bflfrhc

pchlagaihiaùl galhlzhs y idlthoacamhm, hpdyh h ch ihmflh idepcfth y ld hitavamhmfs
almavamuhcfs, sf mavamf fltrf ch ulamhm mf lfbdiad y cds lavfcfs mf ch feprfsh. Yf

^ è b a l h 9>

idlsamfrh hcbulhs vfifs sdcd ided bflfrhc, pfrd fs ulh gufltf mf vflth`h mf
idep
idepft
ftatatav
avam
amhm
hm.. Yf iuflt
iuflth
h idl sf
sfas
as od
odmfb
mfbhs
hs fl fc al
altf
tfrad
radrr mfc
mfc phås
phås quf fstè
fstèl
l
uoaihmhs fl _fthckucfu, Xuftzhctflhlbd, Kufkuftflhlbd, Phihph, @utahph, Yhlth
_dsh, chs iuhcfs mastraouyfl fl tdmd fc phås h fxifpiaùl mf ch ihpathc, chs dgaialhs
 ifltrhcfs mdlmf sf ccfvh hihod tdmhs chs dpfrhiadlfs mf ideprhs, galhlzhs, rfiursds
kuehlds fltrf dtrhs èrfhs fsth uoaihmh fl ch zdlh 8> mf ch ihpathc, ihmh odmfbh

iuflth idl mastaltds prdmuitds mf hiufrmd idl ch lfifsamhm mf ihmh rfbaùl.

_fiursds kuehlds. ^hrh ch bflfrhiaùl mf vhcdr fl tárealds mf _fiursds kuehlds
sf ifltrh fl ch ùptaeh bfstaùl mf su ihpathc kuehld fl tdmhs chs èrfhs mf ch
idephøåh, feprflmaflmd hiiadlfs prdpahs mf su guliaùl fl cds sabuafltfs pultds0

Ihphiathiaù
Ihphiathiaùl
l mfc pfrsdlhc0 fc vhcdr quf rfprfsf
rfprfsflth
lth quf ul idchodrhmdr fl iuhcqu
iuhcquafr 
afr 
pufstd mf trhoh`d fltaflmh f alt
altfrprftf
frprftf eålaehefltf fl su èrfh y fspfiågaihefltf
rfchiadlhmhs h su pufstd mf trhoh`d fs sfliacchefltf alihciuchocf, fs mfiar cdbrhr q fc
trhoh`hmdr mfsfepføf sus hitavamhmfs tflaflmd fl iuflth cd q mfof d ld khifr d
gulmheflthcefltf prdpdlfr sal eafmds phrh quf su guliaùl ld hgfitf cds rfsucthmds
mf ch feprfsh ^hrh cdbrhr maikd fltflmaeafltd y fvdcuiadlhrcd h idliafltazhiaùl y ch
ihphiathiaùl fs vathc.

Yfcf
Yfcfiia
iiaùl
ùl mf pf
pfrs
rsdlh
dlhc0c0 al
altf
tfbr
brhr
hr h cd
cdss pr
prdi
difsd
fsdss mf sf
sfcf
cfii
iiaù
aùl
l hsp
hspfi
fitd
tdss id
ided
ed
idldiaeafltds oèsaids fl su èrfh mdlmf fc pfrsdlhc sfh prdgfsadlhc mf ehlmds
efmads y supfradrfs quf pfreathl trhlseatar maikds idldiaeafltds h sus idephøfrds
d suodrmalhmds fl fc pufstd mf trhoh`d d fl thccfrfs mf ihphiathiaùl altfrlds

prdedvamds pdr ch feprfsh, mdlmf ch feprfsh hkdrrh idstds fl gdrehiaùl

Icaeh Chodrhc0 mdlmf cds hspfitds hltfradrfs ef`drhl f ideprdeasd f amfltagaihiaùl
mf cds trhoh`hmdrfs idl ch feprfsh, tflaflmd ided pultd mf phrtamh chs prfbulths
quf sf pufmhl fchodrhr rfchiadlhmhs hc vhcdr y ef`drh mf rfsucthmds quf sf khl
hpcaihmd fl chs fliufsths mf icaeh chodrhc.

 H fstd fs
f s cd quf sf flihrbh ch ehydr p
phrtf
hrtf mf tafepd rfiursds kuehlds h ihphiathr 
hc pfrsdlhc mf ihmh rfbaùl y mf ch ihpathc fstd mf ch ehld mf ch bfrfliah bflfrhc.

^ è b a l h 98

]fildcdbåh y sastfehs. ^hrh bhrhltazhr ul oufl sfrvaiad y ulh mastraouiaùl fgfitavh

sf utacazh fc sastfeh quf ^dwfr Ytrfft prdpdriadlh h O½hltadx. ]hcfs ided ul sastfeh
mf sdgtwhrf phrh chs KhlmKfcm y Fltfrprasf phrh ch ohsf mf mhtds fl fc èrfh
hmealastrhtavh.
 Fstd hyumh h ulh ehydr prdmuitavamhm y fgaihiah phrh ch vflth y tdeh mf alvflthrads
fl ihmh
ihmh od
odmf
mfbh
bh fs
fsth
thoc
ocfi
fiam
amh.
h. Ch ide
idepf
pftatatatava
vamh
mhm
m fl fc ef
efrih
rihmd
md fs su
sueh
ehef
eflt
ltf
f
aepdrthltf y mfofeds mf fsthr h ch vhlbuhrmah fl tfildcdbåh. Cds praliaphcfs
fcfeflt
fcfefltds
ds tfi
tfildc
ldcùba
ùbaids
ids utacaz
utacazhmd
hmdss sdl
sdl00 Khl
KhlmKf
mKfcm,
cm, Aep
Aeprfsd
rfsdrhs,
rhs, Ide
Ideput
puthmd
hmdrhs
rhs
(Fltfrprasf), Ikap altfcabfltf

Ideprhs. Ld sf pufmf idlifoar ulh feprfsh, quf ld prdpdriadlf ul prdmuitd h ch

sdiafmhm. Mfc eased edmd quf fs magåiac aehbalhr ch feprfsh quf ld lfifsatf mf
dtrhs phrh idlsfbuar sus do`ftavds. Fs fstd cd quf khif quf iuhcquafr almavamud d
fltamhm idcfitavh, mfsmf quf sf idldif fc idefriad ided ul efrd altfriheoad,
iufltf idl ul prdifsd eès d eflds sastfeètaid marabamd h hmquarar prdmuitd. Fl O
½hltadx chs ideprhs sf rfhcazhl h ohsf mf ch rdthiaùl mf alvflthrads quf sf khif y
fstd mfpflmf mf chs vflths quf sf prdmuifl, pdr fccd fs quf sf rfhcazhl mds
alvflthrads ided eålaed phrh vfr ch rdthiaùl mfc prdmuitd y fstd sf cf trhschmh hc
Bfrfltf Bflfrhc phrh quf fc vhyh hlhcazhlmd quf ideprhr y fl quf edefltd mf ld
edvfrsf iafrtd prdmuitd sf rfhcazhl prdediadlfs phrh tfrealhrcd y ld vdcvfr h
pfmårsfcd h fc prdvffmdr, fstd diurrf sdcd fl iafrths sfmfs mf ch rfbaùl pufs ided
oafl shofeds fl hcbulhs sfmfs sf eufvf hcbðl prdmuitd quf fl dtrhs ld pdr fsd
sf ehpfh oafl tdmh ideprh phrh sfr fxhitds fl ch vflth y ld sf pafrmh prdmuitd.
Galhlzhs y idlthoacamhm. Fc idlthmdr bflfrhc iuflth idl gufrtfs kfrrheaflths mf
bfstaùl, ulh mf fsths fs ch ihmflh mf vhcdr. Ch mfgalaiaùl mf hitavamhmfs mfltrd mf ch
feprfs
feprfsh
h pfr
pfreat
eatarè
arè shofr flgdihr
flgdihr sus fsg
fsgufrz
ufrzds
ds y shir
shiraga
agaiad
iadss fidl
fidlùea
ùeaids
ids.. Chs
hitavamhmfs praehrahs mfofl sfr fc pultd ifltrhc mf flgdquf mf alvfrsaùl mf rfiursds,
mfltrd mf chs hitavamhmfs praehrahs mfofeds tflfr fl iuflth fc sfrvaiad pdstvflth, fc
iuhc sal cubhr h mumh ccfvhrh h ch feprfsh h dotflfr ulh vflth`h idepftatavh pdr 
magfrfliahiaùl sa fs oafl hmealastrhmd. Yal feohrbd, lalbulh kfrrheaflth galhliafrh
lds ccfvh h cds rfsucthmds mfsfhmds sdch: fs lfifshrad rfhcazhr ch ideoalhiaùl mf

^ è b a l h 9?

vhrahs mf fcchs phrh tflfr cds fcfefltds mf `uaiad lfifshrads phrh tdehr mfiasadl
mfiasadlfs,
fs,
pdr f`fepcd, fs lfifshrad tflfr idldiaeafltd mf iuèltd iufsth ul icafltf y iuèc fs ch
vfrmhmfrh utacamhm dotflamh idl fstf icafltf, fstd ided ealald idl cds icafltfs
pral
pralia
iaph
phcf
cfs,
s, hquå
hquå th
theo
eoaá
aál
l fs ðtac
ðtac,, ch ih
ihmfl
mflh
h mf vh
vhcd
cdr,
r, hc cd
cdbr
brhr
hr am
amfl
fltatagagaihr
ihr ch
chss
 hitavamhmfs y fl ideoalhiaùl idl ul idstfd ohshmd fl hitavamhmfs sf pufmf dotflfr 
algdre
algdrehia
hiaùl
ùl hifr
hifrthm
thmh
h pdr icaf
icafltf
ltf,, pdr drbh
drbhlaz
lazhia
hiaùl,
ùl, pdr prdmui
prdmuitd,
td, fl gal pdr cd

rfquframd phrh tdeh mf mfiasadlfs.

^raliaphcfs ^rdifsds0

^chlfh
^chlfhiaù
iaùl.
l. Aepcaih ch sfcfiiaùl mf easadlfs y do`ftavds y mf chs hiiadlfs phrh
iuepcarcds, y rfquafrf mf ch tdeh mf mfiasadlfs, mf dpthr fltrf magfrfltfs iursds mf
hiiaùl guturds. Mf fstf edmd cds pchlfs idlstatuyfl ul eátdmd rhiadlhc phrh fc
iuepcaeafltd mf do`ftavds prfsfcfiiadlhmds. Fs pdr fsd quf ihmh trfs efsfs vah`hl
h cd
cdss mf
mfph
phrt
rthe
heflt
fltds
ds ch
chss sa
sabu
buaf
aflt
ltfs
fs pf
pfrsd
rsdlh
lhs0
s0 fc Bfrf
Bfrflt
ltf
f Bflf
Bflfrhc
rhc,, fc Bfrfl
Bfrfltf
tf
_fbadlhc, ch Hsastfltf Hmealastrhtavh y chs flihrbhmhs mf _fiursds Kuehlds, idl fc
gal mf tdehr mfiasadlfs y pchlagaihr chs vflths traefstrhcfs, idlthithr h cds lufvds
icafltfs.

Fl fsth rfulaùl sf vfragaihl quf cds prdifsds sf fstál ccfvhlmd h ihod mf hiufrmd
idl cds rfbchefltds fsthocfiamds y phrh fccd Ch Hsastfltf Hmealastrhtavh prfsflth su
algd
algdre
ref
f ef
efls
lsuh
uhcc mf cds
cds ðcta
ðctaed
edss tr
trfs
fs ef
efsf
sfs,
s, md
mdlm
lmf
f mf
mfth
thcccch
h chs
chs hita
hitava
vamh
mhmf
mfss
supfrvashmhs, Fs aepdrthltf efliadlhr ch guliaùl mf ch Hsastfltf Hmealastrhtavh,
^ufs fs ch pfrsdlh mf idlgahlzh mfc Bfrfltf Bflfrhc y ch rfspdlshoacamhm rfihf

sdorf fcch iuèlmd fc Bfrfltf Bflfrhc sf fliufltrh husfltf.

Fl fsth prfsflthiaùl sf tdehl chs ef`drfs mfiasadlfs mf thc gdreh quf sf pufmhl
ehltflfr cds icafltfs alifltavhmds fl ch hmquasaiaùl mf prdmuitds y quf ch ihrtfrh mf
icafltfs lufvds sf pufmh alirfeflthr.

Ch prfs
prfsfl
flia
iah
h mf _f
_fiu
iurs
rsds
ds Ku
Kueh
ehld
ldss fl fsth
fsth rf
rful
ulaù
aùl
l fs ph
phrh
rh pr
prfe
feah
ahrr h cds
cds
vflmfmdrfs pdr cds cdbrds dotflamds fl fc traefstrf, sf prfeahl mf ch sabuafltf
ehlfrh0

^ è b a l h 99

 Ef`drfs vflths rfbadlhcfs

 Ef`drfs vflths pdr gheacah (^rdvffmdrfs)

  Ef`drfs vflths pdr irfiaeafltd mf ehrih

Cds prfeads idlsastfl idl thr`fths mf rfbhcds quf ideprflmfl mf X6>> h X8,6>>

fl supfrefrihmds mf ch ihmflh Rhcehrt.

Hlècasas. Ch pchlfhiaùl sarvf praliaphcefltf phrh quf ch feprfsh sfph khiah mùlmf
quafrf ar y khsth mùlmf quafrf ccfbhr. Chs prfbulths praliaphcfs quf ulh feprfsh
mfof pchltfhrsf hc rfhcazhr ulh pchlfhiaùl sdl0 ´Ided fstè idlstatuamd fc efrihmd4
´Ided sdl cds icafltfs hitavds fl fstf sfitdr4 Hc khifr ulh pchlfhiaùl ch feprfsh
mfof amfltagaihr fc efrihmd sdorf fc quf mfsfh idepftar y hså pdmrè mfgalar sal
prdocfeh ulh fstrhtfbah quf ch ehltflmrè prfsfltf fl fc ruord fl fc quf phrtaiaph.

Drbhlazhiaùl.
Drbhlazhia ùl. Vld mf cds hspfitds ichvfs phrh fc idrrfitd guliadlheafltd mf O
½hltadxx fs ch gdreh fl quf sf drbhla
½hltad drbhlazh.
zh. Ch drbhlazhiaù
drbhlazhiaùl
l mf ch feprfsh sf ifltrh fl
ch fstruiturh y cds edmds mf hituhiaùl phrh idlsfbuar quf ch feprfsh cdbrf cds
do`ftavds feprfshrahcfs quf sf pchltfh. Fs aeprfsialmaocf mfgalar iuèc vh h sfr ch
gdreh fl quf sf drbhlazh ch feprfsh phrh quf tdmds sus idepdlfltfs sfphl iuèc
mfof
mfof sfr fc gu
guli
liad
adlh
lhea
eaflt
fltd
d idr
idrrf
rfit
itd,
d, ch
chss gu
guli
liad
adlf
lfss qu
quf
f cf id
idrrf
rrfsp
spdl
dlmfl
mfl,, ch
chss
rfspdlshoacamhmfs y chs `frhrquåhs.
O½hltadx fstè drbhlazhmh fl ialid èrfhs, fl fc drmfl `frèrquaid h idltaluhiaùl0 Bfrfliah
Bflfrhc, Hsastfltf Hmealastrhtavh, _fiursds kuehlds, Yupfrvasaùl, Wflths, supfrvasaùl mf
idstds y cdbåstaih, tdmhs algcuyfl fl ch tdeh mf mfiasadlfs.

Fl ihmh èrfh sf fsthocfifl htraouiadlfs h ihmh fepcfhmd phrh ccfvhr hihod tdmds
cds
cds prdi
prdifs
fsds
ds mf vflt
vflths
hs y rf
rfph
phrt
rtd,
d, Ch hsas
hsastf
tflt
ltf
f Hm
Hmea
eala
last
strh
rhtatavh
vh sf tr
trhs
hsch
chmh
mh
]raefstrhcefltf h cds mfphrthefltds phrh vfchr quf cds prdifsds sf rfhcaifl mf
hiufrmd idl chs ldrehs fsthocfiamhs pdr _fiursds Kuehlds, fvfltuhcefltf fc
Bfrfltf Bflfrhc theoaál cd khif.

^ è b a l h 9=

Fl fc èrfh mf cdbåstaih quaflfs fstèl mf ch ehld idl cds supfrvasdrfs mf vflths, sdl
cds flihrbhmds mf iddrmalhr chs ruths mf rfphrtd pdr ihmh rfbaùl, hså eased ch
mfsihrbh
mfsihrbh mf cds prdmuitds quf cds prdvffm
prdvffmdrfs
drfs fltrfbhl phrh ch vflth, fstf fquapd
 fs fsfliahc pufs sdl cds ðctaeds fl tflfr idlthitd idl cds icafltfs, Chs hitavamhmfs
ichvfs mf cdbåstaih sdl chs sabuafltfs0

 Yfrvaiad hc icafltf.

 _fifpiaùl mf prdmuitd

  Hsablhiaùl mf ruths

 Bfstaùl mf Alvflthrads.

 Fltrfbh mf prdmuitd h chs ruths

_fifpiaùl mf _fikhzd mf prdmuitd

Hlèca
Hlècasas
sas.. Alaiafeds idl ch fstruiturh mfc ehrid tfùraid, fl fc quf sf rfchiadlhl
hspfitds rfchtavds h chs fstruiturhs drbhlazhiadlhcfs. Iafrthefltf fl fc eulmd mf ch
feprfsh lhmh fs fstètaid y euikd eflds fl ulh ápdih fl mdlmf ul gflùefld
ided cd fs ch idepftfliah idlccfvh h hmfchlthrsf h cds kfikds, hmhpthrsf h cds
iheoads y idl fccd hprdvfikhr chs vflth`hs quf fstè fl su edefltd bflfrh.
Feprfshs iuyds marabfltfs ld fstèl hc thltd mf cds iheoads, pafrmfl euikd mf cd
quf hc phsd mfc tafepd khl cdbrhmd, sal feohrbd, kuod quaflfs vafrdl fl ch

fxpdrthiaùl ulh hctfrlhtavh y ch gdreh mf khifr grfltf h chs irasas y mfvhcuhiadlfs

fidlùeaihs quf lufstrd phås kh sugramd mfsmf khif yh vhrahs máihmhs. Hså eased fc
kfikd mf fxpdrthr aepcaih fc hmdpthr lufvhs gdrehs mf khifr lfbdiads, mf hmdpthr 
idstueorfs altfrlhiadlhcazhmhs y eès hðl fc sfr feprfshrads quf hsuehl rafsbds.

Marfiiaùl. Ch Marfiiaùl sfrè fgaiafltf fl iuhltd sf flihealf khiah fc cdbrd mf cds

do`f
do`ftatavd
vdss bf
bflf
lfrh
rhcf
cfss mf ch fe
fepr
prfs
fsh,
h, y fstd
fstdss sùcd
sùcd pdmr
pdmrèl
èl hcih
hcihlz
lzhr
hrsf
sf sa cds
cds
suodrmalhmds sf altfrfshl fl fccds, cd quf sf ghiacathrè sa sus do`ftavds almavamuhcfs

^ è b a l h 96

sdl
sdl shta
shtasg
sgfi
fikd
kdss hc idls
idlsfb
fbua
uarr chs
chs ef
efth
thss mf ch dr
drbh
bhla
lazh
zhia
iaùl
ùl y sa fsth
fsthss ld sf
idltrhpdlfl h su hutdrrfhcazhiaùl. Cds prdifsds cds mfiamf ch Bfrfltf Bflfrhc idl
fc hpdyd mfc Bfrfltf _fbadlhc, hc bflfrhrsf ulh mfiasaùl quf rfquafrf alvfrsaùl
 fsthrè prfsfltf fc supfrvasdr mf idstds.

Yf cf fltrfbhl ghiturhs y ideprdohltfs mf bhstds hc supfrvasdr mf idstds phrh sfr 

alicuamds fl su fsthmd mf rfsucthmds y prfsflthmds hltf cds ùrbhlds idepftfltfs, d
fc fstumad mf ch alvfrsaùl lufvh phrh sfr sdeftamh h ideprdohiaùl sfbðl chs
utacamhmfs ohlihrahs d mfumhs fl fc ihsd pfrtalfltf, fstd fs ðlaihefltf sa sf ccfbh h
hmquarar ulh hcahlzh idl ul lufvd prdvffmdr ld fs fvfltuhc

Fc Bfrfltf Bflfrhc fs fc flihrbhmd mf edtavhr hc fquap

fquapd
d mf trhoh`d,
trhoh`d, hså ided vfchr 
pdr ch iddrmalhiaùl mf cds prdifsds f alstruar y hyumhr h cds fepcfhmds quf cd
lfifsatfl.

Hlèca
Hlècasas
sas.. Ch marfiiaùl fs ch phrtf fsfliahc y ifltrhc mf ch feprfsh, h ch iuhc sf
mfofl suodrmalhr y drmflhr tdmds cds mfeès fcfefltds.

Fl fgfitd, sa sf prfvá, pchlfh, drbhlazh, altfbrh y idltrdch, fs sùcd phrh oafl rfhcazhr.
Mf lhmh sarvfl táilaih idepcaihmhs fl iuhcquafrh mf cds dtrds ialid fcfefltds sa ld
sf cdbrh ulh ouflh f`fiuiaùl, ch iuhc mfpflmf mf ehlfrh alefmahth, y idaliamf
tfepdrhcefltf, idl ulh ouflh marfiiaùl, fl thltd sfrèl tdmhs chs mfeès táilaihs
ðtacfs f altfrfshltfs fl iuhltd pfreathl marabar y rfhcazhr ef`d

Idltrdc. Yf ccfvh ul fstrai

fstraitd
td idltrdc mf tdmhs chs dpfrhia
dpfrhiadlfs
dlfs idl cds lavfcf
lavfcfss mdlmf
sf hpc
hpcai
aih,
h, mf
mfsf
sfep
epfød
fød mf ihm
ihmhh fe
fepcpcfh
fhmd
md,, id
idlt
ltrdc
rdc mf al
alvf
vflt
lthra
hrads
ds,, id
idlt
ltrdc
rdc mf
mfpùsatds, idltrdc mf idords h ch ihrtfrh mf icafltfs, idltrdc mf albrfsd y fbrfsd mf
alvflthrad.

Vld mf cds idltrdcf

idltrdcfss eès fxhitd
fxhitdss fs ch humatdra
humatdrah
h mf alvflt
alvflthrads,
hrads, ch feprfsh quf cds
rfhcazh fs IDLGAH, Y. H., fstd sf rfhcazh ihmh 7 efsfs phrh prfsflthrcds h ch
Yupfraltflmfliah mf Hmealastrhiaùl ]raouthrah (YH]), fstf idltrdc theoaál sarvf phrh

^ è b a l h 97

fvathr pármamhs fl ch feprfsh thcfs ided prdmuitd vfliamd, vfragaihiaùl mf prdmuitd

fl ehc fsthmd d fl cds pfdrfs mf cds ihsds rdods.

Vld mf cds praliaphcfs do`ftavds mf ihmh idltrdc fs ch mf vfchr quf tdmd sf khbh
 idlgdref guf pchlfhmd y drbhlazhmd, sfbðl chs ùrmflfs mhmhs.

sas. sf flgdih fl fvhcuhr y idrrfbar fc mfsfepfød mf chs hitavamhmfs mf cds

Hlècasas.
Hlèca
suodrmalhmds phrh hsfburhr quf cds do`ftavds y pchlfs mf ch feprfsh sf fstèl
ccfvhlmd h ihod.

Mf hquå pufmf mfmuiarsf ch brhl aepdrthliah quf taflf fc idltrdc, pufs fs sdcd h
trhvás mf fsth guliaùl quf cdbrhrfeds prfiashr sa cd rfhcazhmd sf h`usth h cd pchlfhmd
y fl ihsd mf fxastar mfsvahiadlfs, amfltagaihr cds rfspdlshocfs y idrrfbar maikds
frrdrfs.

Yal feohrbd, fs idlvflafltf rfidrmhr quf ld mfof fxastar sdcd fc idltrdc h pdstfradr,

sald quf, hc abuhc quf fc pchltfheafltd, mfof sfr, pdr cd eflds fl phrtf, ulh chodr mf
prfvasaùl. Fl fstf ihsd sf pufmf fstumahr fc phshmd phrh mftfrealhr cd quf kh
diurramd
diurramd y pdrquf cds fstèlmhr
fstèlmhrfs
fs ld khl samd hcihlzhmds: mf fsth ehlfrh sf pufmf
hmdpthr
hmdpthr chs efmam
efmamhs
hs lfifshrahs phrh quf fl fc guturd ld sf ideft
idefthl
hl cds frrdrfs mfc
phshmd.

ths..  Hc hodrmhr fstf eùmucd tflfeds quf hohlmdlhr ch amfh mf quf ch vflth
Wflths
Wfl
pfrsdlhc rfprfsflth h hqufc vflmfmdr quf vh pufrth pdr pufrth altflthlmd "idcdihr"
sus prdmuitds d hqufc dtrd hc quf lds "flgrfltheds" ihmh vfz quf fltrheds fl ul
fsthocfiaeafltd. ^raefrd quf lhmh, sf idldif h mfthccf cd quf sf vflmf, y tdmd fstd
vh mf ch ehld idl cds prdmuitds quf sf mastraouyf, cds prdvffmdrfs ihphiathl
praefrd h cds prf vflmfmdrfs mf cds prdmuitds hltfs mf shcar h vflmfr, ld sf taflf
ulh pèbalh mf altfrlft, rfmfs sdiahcfs, hluliads fl rhmad, tfcfvasaùl d prflsh , ch
ðlaih puocaiamhm fs mf odih h odih, fs rfphrtd quaflfs taflfl
taflfl ch ðctaeh ghsf mf ihrh
hc icafltf y sdl cds flihrbhmds mf prdpdriadlhr cds hgaikfs mf puocaiamhm mf cds
prdmuitds y ehrihs quf sf vflmf.

^ è b a l h 92

Ided oafl sf h efliadlhmd O½hltadx fs ulh feprfsh mf sfrvaiad pdr cd thltd cds
prdvffmdrfs
prdvffmdrfs quf surtfl chs mastalths odmfbh
odmfbhss fl ch rfbaùl lds mhl ul irámatd pdr ul
hprdxaehmd mf 9> måhs.
   Hlècasa
Hlècasas.
s. Idldifr fc prdmuitd d sfrvaiad quf dgrfif ch feprfsh phrh ch quf sf
trhoh`h, fs oèsaid, almfpflmafltfefltf mf sa sf idchodrh d ld idl fc èrfh mf vflths,
pdrquf quf rfgcf`h fc ideprdeasd quf sf taflf ided idchodrhmdr. Almumhocfefltf ch
rhzùl mf sfr mf tdmh alstatuiaùl fs ch shtasghiiaùl mfc icafltf, pfrd phrh cdbrhrcd
praefrd mfofeds idldifr sus lfifsamhmfs y cd quf cd edtavh phrh khifr ulh
ideprh, phrh quf mf fsth gdreh sf drafltfl tdmds cds fsgufrzds khiah fstf do`ftavd.
Fc icafltf d idlsueamdr fs fc hitavd eès aepdrthltf mf ch feprfs
feprfsh
h pdrquf tdmds cds
fsgufrzds sf marabfl h shtasghifr sus lfifsamhmfs. Fs lfifshrad fltflmfr quf ch
feprfsh
feprfsh mfpflmf mf sus icafltfs
icafltfs y ld cd idltrhra
idltrhrad,
d, yh quf euikhs vfifs sf ihf fl
ul harf mf supfrad
supfradramhm
ramhm quf cdbrh quf fc icafltf sf saflth efldsprfiahmd,
efldsprfiahmd, cd iuhc fs
ul frrdr brhvf.

Yfrvaiads. Fl praefr cubhr, O½hltadx fs ulh feprfsh mf vflths, quf fs mastraouamdrh

mf prdmuitds mf idlsued ehsavd phrh trhthr mf iuorar d shtasghifr chs lfifsamhmfs
mf cds icafltfs, fstd shoaflmd ch lfifsamhm mf ihmh uld mf fccds.

Mfgalatavhefltf fxastfl thltds eátdmds ided irfhtavamhm, pfrd ef busthråh pdmfr 

prdpdriadlhrcfs ulh casth mf tèitaihs phrh vflmfr prdmuitds, quf fl ch fxpfrafliah, mf
ch feprfsh sufcfl sfr chs eès idltulmfltfs phrh alirfeflthr icafltfs phrh iuhcquafr 
lfbdiad, pdr euy pfqufød d brhlmf quf sfh.

^dr cd thltd, sf rfhcazh ulh tdeh mf alvflthrads sfehlhc fstd sf trhschmh h lufstrds
prdvffmdrfs quf sdl0 ^dzufcd, HIYH, Iflmhczh, Idmash, Jfccdbb½s, Oai, Lhturh
hifatfs, @a Idkfl, Kfchmds mf I. H., Gagid, ^hrhyhs y pdr supufstd ]hohihcfrh
Ifltrdhefraihlh, fccds vfl chs vflths rfhcazhmhs y lds surtfl idl ohsf h fsd.

Fltrf hcbulds mf cds prdmuitds quf sf mastraouyfl fstèl0 gra`dcfs, ifrfhc, cfikf,
hifatf, ihgá, bhccfths, `ubd, ikdidchtfs, phpfc kabaálaid, sfrvaccfths, caepafzh, kabaflf,
iabhrrds, chpaifrds, caidrfs, supcfefltd hcaefltaiad, fltrf dtrds.

^ è b a l h 9;

Iuhlmd sf trhth mf ch vflth mf prdmuitds, O½hltadx fs ulh feprfsh quf idl ch

ihphiamhm mf ehltflfr fl ouflhs idlmaiadlfs h cds ef`drfs prfiads, mf thc gdreh
quf hc ccfbhr hc idlsueamdr sf fliufltrf fl ùptaehs idlmaiadlfs.
 Hlècasas. pfreatf amfltagaihr ihushcamhmfs fl rfchiaùl idl idepdrtheafltds pdsatavds
y lfbhtavds phrh ch tdeh mf mfiasadlfs quf pfreath su ef`drheafltd y pufmh hsuear 
ma
magf
gfrf
rflia
liahc
hcfs
fs sa
sabl
blagagai
aiht
htav
avds
ds mfs
mfsmf
mf fc ef
efrih
rihmfd
mfd ide
ided
d fc pr
prfia
fiad
d phr
phrh
h sf
sfrr eè
eèss
idepft
idepftata
atavh.
vh. pfre
pfreatf
atf amf
amflta
ltagai
gaihr
hr ihus
ihushca
hcamhm
mhmfs
fs fl rfc
rfchia
hiaùl
ùl idl ide
idepdrt
pdrthea
heaflt
fltds
ds
pdsatavds y lfbhtavds phrh ch tdeh mf mfiasadlfs quf pfreath su ef`drheafltd y
pufmh hsuear magfrfliahcfs sablagaihtavds mfsmf fc efrihmfd ided fc prfiad phrh sfr 
eès idepftatavh.

Galh
Galhlz
lzhs
hs.. Ch praliaphc gufltf mf galhliaheafltd sdl cds prdvffmdrfs hc alaiad ch
feprfsh sf rfhcazù mds prástheds h fltamhmfs ohlihrahs fstds gufrdl ihlifchmds
idl chs bhlhliahs mf cds praefrds høds.

Mfsp
Mfspuá
uáss mf tf
tflfr
lfr fc id
idst
std
d mf vf
vflt
lths
hs,, cd
cdss bhst
bhstds
ds dp
dpfrh
frhtatavds
vds y hm
hmea
eala
last
strh
rhtatavds
vds,,
hmfeès mfc phbd mf aepufstd, fc Bfrfltf Bflfrhc fvhcðh fc gcu`d mf fgfitavd y idl
fstd sf hltaiaph h guturds mágaiat d supfrèvat. H phrtar mf fsh algdrehiaùl, ch amfh mfc
Bfrfltf fs ousihr ch galhliahiaùl eès idlvflafltf idl cds prdvffmdrfs d idcdihr fc
fxifmfltf fl alvfrsadlfs ideprhlmd eès prdmuitd phrh ch vflth. ]heoaál pfreatf
fsthocfifr ulh ohsf sùcamh phrh sustflthr hcbulh sdcaiatum mf irámatd sa fstd gufrh
lfifshrad fl hcbulh fltamhm ohlihrah, ided phrtf mf ul pchl mf lfbdiads sdcvfltf.

^dr ðctaed, ihof almaihr quf fstd ef`drh hmfeès ch rflthoacamhm mf ch feprfsh, yh
quf
quf pd
pdsf
sff
f ch algd
algdre
rehi
hiaù
aùl
l fs
fsfl
flia
iahc
hc phr
hrh
h hi
hittuhr
uhr grf
rflt
ltf
f h fefrb
efrbfl
flia
iahs
hs d
alidlvflafltfs.

Hlècasas. Fs ulh táilaih idl fc gal mf fvhcuhr fc idepdrtheafltd dpfrhtavd mf ulh

feprfsh, ch satuhiaùl hltfradr, su mahblùstaid mf ch satuhiaùl hituhc y ch prfmaiiaùl mf
cd
cdss fv
fvfl
fltd
tdss gu
gutu
turds
rds y quf
quf,, fl idl
idlsf
sfiu
iufli
fliah
ah,, sf dra
draflt
flth
h kh
khia
iah
h ch do
dotf
tflia
liaùl
ùl mf
do`ftavds prfvahefltf mfgalamds. ^dr cd thltd, fc praefr phsd fl ul prdifsd mf fsth
lhtu
lhturh
rhcf
cfzh
zh fs mf
mfgagala
larr cds
cds do
do`f
`ftatavd
vdss ph
phrh
rh pdmf
pdmfrr gdre
gdreuc
uchr
hr,, h idlt
idltal
aluh
uhia
iaùl
ùl,, chs
chs

^ è b a l h 91

altfrrdbhltfs y iratfrads quf vhl h sfr shtasgfikds idl cds rfsucthmds mfc hlècasas h
trhvá
rhváss mf mav
mavfrsh
frshss tái
táilaih
laihs.
s. Fs mf brh
rhl
l ae
aep
pdr
drtthl
hlia
iah
h pd
pdrq
rquf
uf fc id
idrr
rrfi
fitd
td
guliadlheafl
guliadlheafltd
td mf iuhcqu
iuhcquafr
afr sastfeh cd idlsta
idlstatuyf
tuyf fc –Hlèca
–Hlècasas
sas Galhliafrd
Galhliafrd―,
―, yh quf fc
 eased rfprfsflth ul efmad aeprfsialmaocf phrh fc idltrdc mfc iuepcaeafltd mf cds
pchlfs y fc fstumad mf cds rfsucthmds mf ch feprfsh, pdsaoacathlmd tdehr mfiasadlfs
fgaiafltfs, idl fc gal mf bhrhltazhr fc fepcfd rhiadlhc mf cds fsihsds rfiursds

ehtfrahcfs, chodrhcfs y galhliafrds.

Efrihmfd. Yf idlsamfrh ided ulh mf chs fstrhtfbahs gulmheflthcfs mfc ihpathcased
fl ch fidldeåh mf efrihmd. Yf ihrhitfrazh pdr ch bflfrhiaùl mf lfifsamhmfs, ch
idefriahcazhiaùl mf prdmuitds y ch oðsqufmh mf ulh rflthoacamhm fidlùeaih phrh chs
drbhlazhiadlfs, idlmaiadlfs quf phrh euikds sdl ch eufstrh mf ehydr vdrhiamhm
mfc edmfcd fidlùeaid aepfrhltf.
aepfrhltf. Idl O½hlta
O½hltadx
dx pdmfeds hgarehr quf fs magfrfltf y
ef`dr quf dtrh feprfsh mf euikhs gdrehs0 sdeds eès rèpamds, eès sfburds, eès
ohrhtds, eès iùedmds, murheds eès, tflfeds ef`dr trhtd, ehydr ihcamhm, ehydr 

vhcdr y hcbd quf lds masta

mastalbuf
lbuf fs fc ihlhc mf mastra
mastraouiaùl
ouiaùl quf sf taflf sdl ulamhmfs
mf rfphrtd, fccds sdl fc ihlhc marfitd mf mastraouiaùl, Yf trhth mf vhrahs ulamhmfs quf
pfrtflfif
pfrtflfif h ch feprfsh y sdl quaflfs marfithe
marfithefltf
fltf sf flihrbh
flihrbhl
l mf khifr ccfbhr cds
prdmuitds h cds icafltfs.

Fstd aepcaih hmfeès, quf ch feprfsh iuflth idl fsphiad phrh hcehiflhr cds
prdmuitds y efmads mf trhlspdrtf phrh rfhcazhr chs fltrfbhs.

Fc prdifsd phrh cds ihlhcfs mf mastraouiaùl fs fc sabuafltf0 prfvflth sf flihrbh mf

idlthithr h cds icafltfs phrh vasathrcfs fstd cd rfhcazhl uld d mds måhs hltfs mf ch
fltrfbh fstd idl fc gal mf ccfvhr h ihmh icafltf fc prdmuitd quf fl rfhcamhm lfifsath y
ld shturhr chs ulamhmfs mf rfphrtd idl prdmuitd allfifshrad yh quf fstd idlccfvh idl
ul pdsaocf rdod mf tfrifrds.

Hlèca
Hlè sas.. Fstd prdpdriadlh algdrehiaùl sdorf almustrahs, icafltfs, idepftamdrfs y
casas
dtrhs vhrahocfs mf ul efrihmd. ]heoaál pfreatf mftfrealhr ch rfchiaùl fltrf ch dgfrth
y ch mfehlmh mf ul mftfrealhmd prdmuitd. Ohsèlmdsf fl fstds idldiaeafltds,
pufm
pufmfs
fs td
tdeh
ehrr mf
mfia
iasa
sadl
dlfs
fs oa
oafl
fl gu
gulmh
lmhef
eflt
lthm
hmhs
hs sdo
sdorf
rf pdsa
pdsaoc
ocfs
fs fstr
fstrht
htfba
fbahs
hs mf

^ è b a l h =>

ehrjftalb. ]heoaál fs ulh phrtf mf ch alvfstabhiaùl mf efrihmd y ul idepdlfltf

aepdrthltf mf ul pchl mf lfbdiads, fl fc quf ch feprfsh mdiuefltf su amfh mf
lfbdiad. Fl fc iursd mfc efrihmd sf fxhealh sastfeètaihefltf ul mftfrealhmd