Link Layer Traffic Connectivity Protocol

Application and Mechanism in Optical

Layer Survivability Approach

K. V. S. S. S. S. Sairam and Chandra Singh

Abstract In today’s prospective and perspective nature optical communication and

networks have been emerged by means of Fiber Distribution Connectivity (FDC),
Optical Relocation Mechanism (ORM), Optical Link Path Assortment Approach
(OLPAA) and System Survivability Network Integrated Approach (SSNIA). Further
it can be enhanced in the direction of Link Layer Traffic Connectivity Protocol
Applications and Mechanism (LLTCPAM) is enlightened in our paper. In future
course demand queuing is a versatile factor, it will be used as a resource facility for
the users hence the different mechanism such as Parcel List Algorithm (PLA) have
been analyzed in order to compare the Network Connectivity Parameter (NCP).

Keywords Fiber distribution connectivity (FDC) · Optical relocation mechanism

(ORM) · Optical link path assortment approach (OLPAA) · System survivability
network integrated approach (SSNIA) · Link layer traffic connectivity protocol
applications & mechanism (LLTCPAM) · Parcel list algorithm (PLA)
Network connectivity parameter (NCP) · Cost connectivity matrix (CCT)
Link connectivity matrix (LCM) · Traffic connectivity matrix (TCM)

1 Introduction

Survivability is a computation of network recovery capabilities when the failure

occurs in the networks. It consists of Span, Hub, COs, Switches, and Gateways across
many network segments [1]. It represents the layered architecture in order to repre-
sent the components with methods such as Fiber Distribution Connectivity (FDC),
Optical Relocation Mechanism (ORM), Optical Link Path Assortment Approach
(OLPAA) and System Survivability Network Integrated Approach (SSNIA) [2]. It

K. V. S. S. S. S. Sairam · C. Singh (B)

Department of E&CE, NMAM Institute of Technology, Nitte, Karkala, Karnataka, India
e-mail: chandrasingh146@gmail.com
K. V. S. S. S. S. Sairam
e-mail: drsairam@nitte.edu.in

© Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2019 479

S. Smys et al. (eds.), International Conference on Computer Networks
and Communication Technologies, Lecture Notes on Data Engineering
and Communications Technologies 15, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8681-6_43
480 K. V. S. S. S. S. Sairam and C. Singh

also describes the network routing with network elements. Fiber optic restoration
is vital scenario where the point to point, span Architecture is used to overcome
multilevel link failures. The design tool here used such as c-programming and ns2
simulators. It provides optimum design in distinguish with different network topolo-
gies with parameters.

2 Problem Definition

2.1 Fiber Distribution Connectivity (FDC)

In FDC Point to Point Architecture is in the form of non-centralized is used as shown

in Fig. 1. In this central office and hubs are connected through the clusters and the
categories of clusters are served by a connectivity which is known as gateway. In
turn these gateways are connected by fiber systems [3]. These fiber systems are
designed in the form of fiber joints and these fiber joints are used in point to point
as compared to hub hierarchy. The Point-to-Point Fiber Joint Architecture (PPFJA)
depicts hubbing architecture by itself. It determines the traffic in each link to obtain
the fiber network system and throughput in the form of path matrix and data matrix
[4].
In our work three different topologies viz 6 × 6, 8 × 8, and 12 × 12 non-
centralized PPFJA is considered to estimate Fiber distribution Connectivity (FDC)
which is depicted in Table 1. The parameter are path which determines the connec-
tivity between user to user and also to provide end to end connection whereas path is
well associated in the form of data which is processed in the form of traffic in each
link [5].
Graph which determines the connectivity in terms of traffic in each link is depicted
by three different topologies as shown in (Fig. 2).

Table 1 Fiber distribution connectivity (FDC)

Parameter
Network 6×6 8×8 12 × 12
topology
Path (1–2) (2, 3) (4, 5) (2, 8) (7, 8) (4, 8) (12, (7, 12) (5, 7)
11)
Cost 7 9 11 6 8 10 9 10 4
Traffic 44 50 65 37 45 70 78 86 36
Connectivity
Matrix
Link Layer Traffic Connectivity Protocol Application … 481

Fig. 1 Flowchart of fiber

distribution connectivity START
(FDC)

FIBER
DISTRIBUTION
CONNECTIVITY

NETWORK
ELEMENTS

LINK
CONNECTIVITY

COST
CONNECTIVITY

TRAFFIC
CONNECTIVITY
MATRIX(TCM)

STOP

2.2 Optical Relocation Mechanism (ORM)

In ORM the FDC is further extended in order to protect and restore the traffic in
each link for given network topology. This architecture ensures the protection at
different digital signal levels which are assigned randomly between a common node
(server) to different users to vice versa. The implementation provides the estimation
in the form of distinction between Associated Non-Associated Path Quasi Modes
(ANQM) [6] further the relocation mechanism supports huge no demands through
PPJFIA which facilitates and also extends the mechanism but an IRS (Integration
Restoration Scheme). In this ORM three different topologies, i.e., 6 × 6, 8 × 8, and
482 K. V. S. S. S. S. Sairam and C. Singh

Fig. 2 FDC output

Table 2 User relocation factor

Parameter Network topology
6×6 8×8 12 ×
12
Total demand 120 128 140 130 152 160 150 172 195
Demand after 105 108 115 115 138 140 135 142 168
failure
Protection 1:2DP 1:2DP 1:2DP 1:2DP 1:2DP 1:2DP 1:2DP 1:2DP 1:2DP
scheme
User relocation 87.5% 84.37% 82.14 88.46% 90.7% 87.5% 90% 82.55% 86.15%
factor (URF)

12 × 12 and also can be measured towards NxN where the demands are assigned
via central node to end to end system (Fig. 3).
In this work for example main user (Mu) is connected according to topology
configuration. Further demands are assigned through different Digital Signal Link
Level Design (DSLLD). Where it is considered w.r.t total no of demands.
Protection Mechanism is assigned for Individual link Failure (ILF) and Multi-
Link Failure (MLF). Protection Scheme such as 1:2DP, SHR, APS are used. Failed
path is taken into consideration and alternate path (Backup Path) is employed. Finally
relocation mechanism is estimated, i.e., failed demand to the total no demand through
fiber network restoration mechanism (Table 2).
Link Layer Traffic Connectivity Protocol Application … 483

START

OPTICAL RELOCATION
MECHANISM (ORM)

NETWORK ELEMENTS

PATH CONNECTIVITY
MATRIX

RELOCATION WITH FAILURE

DEMANDS

USER RELOCATION FACTOR

(USF)

STOP

Fig. 3 Flowchart of Optical Relocation Mechanism (ORM)

484 K. V. S. S. S. S. Sairam and C. Singh

Fig. 4 Parcel list algorithm

output

2.3 Optical Link Path Assortment Approach

In optical link layer survivability approach, the extension of first and second problem
and is further evaluated in the form of Optical Link Path Assortment Approach
(OLPAA). It describes the network cross connectivity in terms of demands. That is,
routed through direct and indirect path. In direct path the signal transmits the data
directly between source to destination in indirect path routing in terms of hubs via
parcel list. It results in multilevel period optimality on each routing path for a given
network topology. In this approach it increases multilevel demands connectivity’s
for multiperiod where the max line rate is taken into consideration (Table 3; Fig. 4).

2.4 System Survivability Network Integrated Approach

(SSNIA)

These three approaches are further extended System Survivability Network Inte-
grated Approach (SSNIA). In these it facilitates fiber distribution, fiber relocation
mechanism, OLPAA Approach; finally the capacity is measured through integrated
approach. It also facilities digital signal transformation levels and also end-to-end
connectivity for multiyear demands and it calculates the automatic restoration facility
regarding working and protection fiber. These all SSNIA in these planning models
determines the growth strategy and from beginning year to nth year is calculated.
This total network depicts multiplex performance design for selecting appropriate
fiber optic network survivable architecture and planning period [7, 8].
Table 3 Parcel list algorithm (PLA)
Parameter Network topology
6×6 8×8 12 × 12
Digital signal DS1 DS1 DS1
levels
Circuit con- 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28
figurations
Direct path (1,2)- (2,3)- (4-5)- (2,8)- (7,8)- (4-8)- (12,11)- (7,12)- (5,7)-
assortment
20 → 20 >15 >26 25 → 25 >18 >26 16 → 16 >15 >16
Parcel list (1-2)-20 (2,3)- (4,5)- (2-8)-25 (7,8)- (4,8)- (12,11)-17 (7,12)- (5,7)-
Link Layer Traffic Connectivity Protocol Application …

algorithm
(PLA)
1 → 11 >16 >17 2 → 13 >11 >19 12 → 10 >15 >27
2→9 2- > 9 4- > 8 8 → 12 7- > 7 4- 11 → 7 7- > 8 5-
3- > 7 5- > 9 8- > 4 >11 12- > 7 >11
8- > 8 7-
>16
485
486 K. V. S. S. S. S. Sairam and C. Singh

Fig. 5 Flowchart of system

survivability network
START
integrated approach (SSNIA)

FIBER DISTRIBUTION
CONNECTIVITY (FDC)

OPTICAL
RELOCATION
MECHANISM (ORM)

PARCEL LIST
ALGORITHM (PLA)

NETWORK
CONNECTIVITY
PARAMETER(NCP)

SSNIA

STOP

In this model the topology is in the form of ring architecture whereas incremental
demand should be less than maximum line rate. In planning period, an incremental
demand on any ring should remain less than maximum line rate. For high-speed archi-
tecture is well as considered by using hubbing/diverse/diverse architecture (Table 4;
Fig. 5).
Table 4 System survivability network integrated approach (SSNIA)
Parameter Network topology
6×6 8×8 12 × 12
Traffic 44 50 65 37 45 70 78 86 36
connectivity
matrix
User 87.50% 84.37% 82.14 88.46% 90.70% 87.50% 90% 82.55% 86.15%
relocation
factor (URF)
Parcel list (1-2)-20 (2,3)- (4,5)- (2-8)-25 (7,8)- (4,8)- (12,11)- (7,12)- (5,7)-
algorithm
Link Layer Traffic Connectivity Protocol Application …

(PLA)
1 → 11 >15 >17 2 → 13 >11 >19 16 >15 >27
2→9 2- > 8 4- > 8 8 → 12 7- > 7 4- > 11 12 → 9 7- > 8 5- > 11
3- > 7 5- > 9 8- > 4 8- > 8 11 → 7 12- > 7 7- > 16
DS-STS- 115 118 124 126 129 138 150 165 220
STM-OC
487
488 K. V. S. S. S. S. Sairam and C. Singh

Fig. 6 SSNIA output

Graph
(See Fig. 6).

3 Conclusion

The reconfigurable optical network provides users equipment and optical fiber equip-
ment with each other. The PPJFA approach enhances the performance of survivable
fiber network and correlation of these results collaborates this algorithm validation.
These architectures are well used in the context of incremental changes towards
the exit network in order to improve survivability throughout in optical network.
Further this work can be extended by convergence of distributed algorithm by using
synchronous competition and scholastic approximation and also transition from ring-
to-ring-mesh-hybrid approach.

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Dr. K. V. S. S. S. S. Sairam B.E., M.Tech., Ph.D. working as

a Professor, E&CE Department and also IEEE student branch
Counselor in NMAMIT, NITTE . He obtained his B.E. (ECE)
from Karnataka University Dharwad in 1996, M.Tech (Indus-
trial Electronics) from SJCE, Mysore University Mysore,1998
and Ph.D. (ECE) (OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS) JNTUH,
Hyderabad in 2013. He is having 20 years experience in Teach-
ing and Research too. He published 45 papers in International
Journals, National Journals, Conferences and Workshops. He is
Springer Reviewer, IEEE Reviewer and Editorial Member and
reviewed 32 International papers. He authored 2 Books, Opti-
cal Communications, Laxmi Publications, New Delhi and Basic
Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Krishnan Publications,
Chennai. He is guiding five PhD students, guided 40 M.Tech
Projects and B.E. Projects too. His research areas are optical
communications, optical Networks and Wireless Communication. He is associated with IEEE
Mangalore Subsection and conducted several events like I2 CONNECT, The International Year
of the Light-2015, Light beyond the bulb in JNNCE, shivamoga, Technical talks and etc. He
gave a talk on “Optcial Communication”, organized under IEEE Student Branch, Canara Engi-
neering College. He achieved the First Prize for addressing the IEEE Student branch contest
organized by IEEE Bangalore Section in April 2015. He was awarded as IEEE Student Branch
Counselor Award organized by IEEE Hyderabad Section in 2004. He was awarded as the BEST
FACULTY in Dr. M.G.R. Deemed University, Chennai for his best performance towards 100%
RESULT in the University Examinations in 2000. He received the YUVA ENGINEER AWARD
from MHRD in MAY 2014 for his outstanding contribution in the field of OPTICAL COMMU-
NICATIONS. He organized 100 events regarding IEEE student Branch Activities in FDP, Guest
Lectures, Seminar Talks, Workshops, Globally Student Exchange Program, Research Method-
ologies and Paper Publication etc., Special Lectures were given on. Recent Trends in Optical
Communications, JAN 19, 2005, IEEE Students Branch, ECE Department, NIT WARANGAL,
A.P. State, INDIA, Internetworking Design by Using FOST, August 6, 2005 IEEE—CS Chapter,
CSE Department, Osmania University, Hyderabad, A.P. State, INDIA. Recent Trends in Optical
Communications, January 20, 2006, SBIT, Khammam, Andhra Pradesh, India. Future Technol-
ogy—An Overview, March 10, 2006, S.R.K Engg College, Chennai, Tamilnadu State, INDIA.
Recent Trends in OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS, Canara Engineering College, IEEE subsec-
tion on March 2015. Research Opportunities in Engineering, PA College of Engineering in May
2016. He organized ISRO SPACE EXHIBITION, as a part of the event the demonstration water
rocket launch experiment was carried out on both sessions on 27th and 28th September 2017.
There were expert lectures from Sri. Guruprasad B R on both days of the event. All schools and
colleges of Udupi and South Canara districts were invited for the event. More than 2000 students
and faculty from various institutions have actively participated in the event. The event was held
at two places parallely. There were not only exhibits and panels displayed during the exhibition,
but also rare video capsules from ISRO were played continuously in the indoor auditorium.
490 K. V. S. S. S. S. Sairam and C. Singh

Mr. Chandra Singh he has obtained M.tech (DEC) from

NMAM Institute of technology Nitte in the year 2018. He
has obtained B.E (E&C) at Srinivas School of Engineering,
Mukka (2015), Mangaluru. He has published about 10 papers
in M.tech. It contains IEEE papers and even Springer lec-
ture note series too. I have received best paper award for the
paper entitled “Fiber Optic Network Integration by using Sur-
vivability Approach” at Malviya National Institute of Technol-
ogy, Jaipur. Even Received Second Prize at Project exhibition
held at NMAMIT nitte in the year 2018 and also received 3rd
Prize for my B.E project entitled “Novel Iris Recognition Sys-
tem” at SSE Mukka in the year 2015. My area of interest are
Optical Networking and communication, wireless communica-
tion and Image processing. I am a active participant of IEEE
Mangaluru sub-section. I have served as NMAMIT NITTE stu-
dent branch president for the academic year 2016–17. As execom member of IEEE Nitte Student
Branch we have conducted many technical talks and workshops. One of the main event which we
conducted in my tenure was I2 CONECCT-2017 which was held in NMAMIT Nitte.