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SUPPLEMENTAL LEARNING MATERIAL

EXPLORATORY

INTRODUCTION TO SPTVE
SPECIALIZATION COURSES
Quarter 4 Module 3
Agri-Fishery Arts(AFA)

Name: _______________________________ Year/Sec. ____________

Parents Signature: _______________ Date: ____________

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Content Standards The learner demonstrates an understanding of concepts and
underlying principles in fishery arts.
Performance The learner explains the basic concepts and principles in
Standards aquaculture.
LO 4. - Explains the Basic Concepts Of Aquaculture
Learning - Explains the Definition, History, Scope, Importance, and
Competency Phases Of Aquaculture.
LO 5 - Explains the Basic Morphology of the Fish

ABSTRACTION
Information Sheet Learning Objective #4
Definition, Basic Concepts of Aquaculture History,
Scope, Importance, and Phases of Aquaculture

Aquaculture also known as aqua-farming, is the farming of aquatic

organisms including fish, molluscs, crustaceans and aquatic plants.
Fish Molluscs

Aquatic plants
Crustaceans

Aqua-farming implies:
 intervention in the rearing process to enhance production, such as
-stocking
-feeding
-protection from predators
 Ownership over the stock being cultivated, whether individual or
corporate, so that the resulting product is not exploited by the
public as a common property resource. (As per FAO)

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Aquaculture by Environment
 Freshwater- lakes, reserviors, rivers

Reservior
lake
river

 Brackishwater- river mouths, estuaries, mangrove areas

Mangrove area
River mouth

 Marine (mariculture) – bays, coral coves, offshore

bay Coral coves offshore

Production Phases
 Hatchery - from broodstock to eggs to post lavae or small often
called “fry” or “seed”.
 Nursery - from fry to larger juvenules often called “fingerlings”
 Grow-out – from juveniles to preferred sizes.
Aquaculture by Farming System
 Land-based tanks (concrete,
fiberglass, canvass, plastics, etc.)
for tiplapia, freshwater prawn, etc.

 Earthen ponds for milkfish, tiger

shrimps, grouper, etc.

 Cages (fixed or floating) for tilapia,

milkfish, groupwes, snapper,
seabass, etc.

 Pens for milkfish mudcrabs, etc.

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  Racks, stakes, hanging lines for
muscles, oysters, etc.

 Longlines for seaweeds.

Aquaculture by Level of Inputs and Mangement

 Extensive- low stcoking density, natiral food only, may use
fertilizers
 Semi-intensive- moderate stocking density, natural food plus
supplemntal feeds, greater water change rate,
may use pumps
 Intensive- high stocking density, regualar feed, pumps and
Aeration

Species selection depends on

 Marketability
 Type of water in area farm is to be located
 Availability of spawning stock(for hatcheries)
 Availability of seed stock(for grow-out)
 Availability of feeds and other inputs
 Availability of technology
 Availability of capital

Trophic level considerations

 Herbivores or omnivores (carps, tilapia, milkfish)

are generally easier to rear and may subsist on natural
food. Even when fed, feed will not require high quantity of
animal protein and is therefore cheap. Production cost is
low, but market price is also low.
 Carnivores (shrimps, grouper, snapper)
require high amount of animal protein and is therefore
more expensive to produce. Market price is much higher
(more than 10x) than for herbivores. Unit profit margin is
generally much higher.

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Site selection depends on:
 Target environment
 Desired production system and farming system
 Species

Basic requirements:
 Sufficient water supply of good quality
 Free from harmful pollution
 Accessibility
 Free from flooding, erosion, strong winds, strong wave action
 Availability of electric power
 Proximity to source of inputs
 Proximity to market (depending on species and potential market)
 Soil quality (for ponds)
- Can hold water
- Can form stable dikes
- Not acidic

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Examples of good aquaculture sites
SITE SPECIES QUALITY OF SITE
Saltwater Shrimps -Area far away from river
hatchery Crabs -sandy sea bottom
fish -does not get turbid even with strong
wave action
-with good supply of fresh water
Fresh water Tilapia - relatively flat area
hatchery or Carp - Sandy-clay loam/soil
Fishponds Freshwater - Abundant supply of clear water
prawn - Not contaminated with pesticides from
Catfish agriculture
Brackish shrimps - coastal area with elevation above high
water ponds fish tide level
- sandy-clay soil
- ready to access to clean brackish water
from river or shallow well.
Fresh water fish - shallow areas with 3 to 10 m deep lakes
pens or - high primary productivity
cages - no industrial pollution
Marine pens fish - sheltered bays and coves
and cages
Rafts and Mussels and - shallow bays and coves
lines oysters - high primary productivity
- low density of people
Long lines seaweeds - clear marine water
- no massive freshwater inflow or run-off
during rainy season

Information Sheet Learning Objective #4

Basic Morphology of the Fish

Morphology in biology is the study of the size, shape, and structure

of animals, plants, and microorganisms and of the relationships of
their constituent parts. The term refers to the general aspects of
biological form and arrangement of the parts of a plant or an
animal.

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Fish anatomy is the study of the form or morphology of fishes. It can
be contrasted with fish physiology, which is the study of how the
component parts of fish function together in the living fish.

EXTERNAL FISH ANATOMY

DORSAL

ANTERIOR POSTERIOR

VENTRAL

BODY DIVISON

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 INTERNAL FISH ANATOMY

Body Structure for adapataion of Fish

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 Written Work #1

Fill in the blank: Choose your answer from the box.

Fry Morphology Fish Anatomy

Fingerlings Intensive Semi-intensive
Herbivores Extensive Fresh water hatchery
Aquaculture Brackish water Salt water

1. is the farming of aquatic organisms

including fish, molluscs, crustaceans and
aquatic plants.
2. Nursery from fry to larger juveniles often called

3. Hatchery - from broodstock to eggs to post lavae or small

often called or “seed”.

4. low stcoking density, natiral food only,

may use fertilizers
5. high stocking density, regualar feed,
pumps and aeration
6. moderate stocking density, natural food
plus supplemntal feeds, greater water
change rate, may use pumps
7. Relatively flat area with sandy-clay
loam/soil and abundant supply of clear
water not contaminated with pesticides
from agriculture.
8. The study of the size, shape, and
structure of animals, plants, and
microorganisms and of the relationships
of their constituent parts.
9. Are generally easier to rear and may
subsist on natural food.
10. Is the study of the form
or morphology of fishes.
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 Written Work #2
Directions:
Identify the pictures in column B by writing in the blank the
correct name or description in column A. Write your answer in
the blank provided beside the picture.

Column A Column B

1. Long lines

2. Hanging Line

3. Land-Based Tanks

4. Cages

5. Crustaceans

6. Earthen Pond

7. Pens

8. Aquatic Plants

9. Reservoir

10. River Mouth

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 Performance #1
Student Investigation

To do the activity, prepare the following:

 Fish
 Scissors
 Gloves
 Forceps

NOTE: Warning! Some spines on the fins are sharp. Be careful!

External Anatomy Procedure:
Body Covering
1. How does the fish body feel?
Answer: __________________________________________
_________________________________________
2. What is the purpose of the slime?
Answer: __________________________________________
_________________________________________
3. What else covers the body of the fish?
Answer: __________________________________________
_________________________________________

Mouth
1.Open the fish’s mouth. What do you notice?
Answer:___________________________________________
__________________________________________
2. Why do you think it opens so wide?
Answer: __________________________________________
__________________________________________
3.Feel the tongue of the fish. What do you notice?
Answer: __________________________________________
__________________________________________
4.How might that help them or why might that be an advantage?
Answer: __________________________________________
__________________________________________

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Eyes
1. Observe the eye, how does it differ from yours?
Answer:___________________________________________
__________________________________________
2. Why do you think it opens so wide?
Answer:___________________________________________
__________________________________________
3. Touch it gently. What does it feel like?
Answer:___________________________________________
__________________________________________

Internal Anatomy Procedure:

Opening the Body Cavity:
1. Locate the two openings on the ventral side of the fish. One is the
vent (anal), the other urogenital.
2. Insert the sharp point of your scissors into the opening that is closest
to the pelvic fins (the vent).
3. Make an incision from the vent along the belly of the fish to
underneath the gills. Be careful not to cut too deep or you’ll damage the
internal organs.
4. Using the ventral fin to lift the rib cage, snip along the incision
carefully until you’ve cut through the ribs and entered the body cavity.
The first obvious organs you’ll see are the liver and heart.
Heart
1. Locate the fish’s heart which is directly below and just behind the
gills. Why would it be important for the heart to be located close to
the gills?
Answer:___________________________________________
__________________________________________
2. What anatomical structures do fish have in common with humans?
Answer:___________________________________________
__________________________________________

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 Performance #2
“Explore a Fish”

Use the fish dissection picture.

Identify the following internal body parts:
• heart • spleen
• kidney • stomach
• liver • gills
• air bladder • caeca
• reproductive organs • intestines
• gall bladder

USE THIS SHEET TO DRAW AND LABEL THE PARTS OF YOUR FISH

Parents Signature: ____________________

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