NAME: ADRIAN PAOLO B.

ANZANO SCORE: ___________________

GRADE LEVEL: 12 – G STRAND: STEM

MIDTERM ASYNCHRONOUS TASK #1

INTRODUCTION TO HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

I. General Preview of the Human Body System

Direction: Using this given illustration, fill out the table below.

Organ system and its general functions
1. Immune System - is a complex
network of cells and proteins that
defends the body against infection. It
learns past infections to prevent it
from infecting the body again.
Components and their function(s)
White blood cells – these are responsible for
protecting your body from infection.
Antibodies - Antibodies are specialized, Y-
shaped proteins that bind like a lock-and-key
to the body's foreign invaders. They are the
"search" battalion of the immune system,
tasked with finding an enemy and marking it
for destruction.
Complement System – enhances the ability
of antibodies and phagocytic cells to clear
microbes and damaged cells from an

2. Digestive System - breaks down food
into nutrients such as carbohydrates,
fats, and proteins. They can then be
absorbed into the bloodstream so the
body can use them for energy, growth,
and repair.
organism, promotes inflammation, and attacks
the pathogen's cell membrane.
Lymphatic System - It produces and releases
lymphocytes (white blood cells) and other
immune cells that monitor and then destroy
the foreign invaders that may enter your body.
Spleen - A blood-filtering organ that removes
microbes and destroys old or damaged red
blood cells.
Bone Marrow - It manufactures bone
marrow stem cells and other substances,
which in turn produce blood cells.
Thymus - Filters and monitors your blood
content. It produces the white blood cells
called T-lymphocytes.
Mouth - the beginning of the digestive tract.
After you start eating, you chew your food
into pieces that are more easily digested.
Your saliva mixes with the food to begin
to break it down into a form your body can
absorb and use.
Esophagus - receives food from your mouth
when you swallow. The epiglottis is a
small flap that folds over your windpipe as
you swallow to prevent you from choking
Stomach - holds food while it is being mixed
with stomach enzymes. These enzymes
continue the process of breaking down
food into a usable form.
Small Intestine - breaks down food using
enzymes released by the pancreas and bile
from the liver.
Pancreas - secretes digestive enzymes into the
duodenum that break down protein, fats,
and carbohydrates. The pancreas also
makes insulin, passing it directly into the
bloodstream.
Liver – processes the nutrients absorbed from
the small intestine. It also detoxifies
potentially harmful chemicals. It breaks
down and secretes many drugs that can be
toxic to your body.
Gallbladder - stores and concentrates bile
from the liver, then releases it in the small
intestine to help absorb and digest fats.
Large Intestine - responsible for processing

3. Cardiovascular System - transports
blood throughout the body to allow
the exchange of substances (e.g.,
respiratory gases, nutrients, and waste
products) between the blood of
capillaries and the body's cells.
4. Integumentary System - protects the
inside of the body from elements in
the environment—like bacteria,
pollution, and UV rays from the sun.
5. Respiratory System - moves fresh air
into your body while removing waste
gases.
waste so that emptying the bowels is easy
and convenient.
Rectum – receives stool from the colon, lets
you know that there is stool to be
evacuated (pooped out) and to hold the
stool until evacuation happens.
Anus – allows us to hold in our stool until
reaching a toilet.
Heart - acts as the pump that makes the
circulation of blood – and the oxygen and
nutrients blood carries – to all tissues of
the body possible.
Blood Vessels - transport blood throughout
the body.
Blood - carries the oxygen and nutrients vital
to the function of the body, as well as the
waste that needs to be removed.
Skin – functions as the protective barrier of
the body.
Hair – protects the skin and regulates body
temperature. It also helps with our nerve
sensing function.
Nails – It protects the fingers and toes from
injury or trauma.
Glands – secretes various substances into the
skin.
Nose and mouth - Openings that pull air from
outside your body into your respiratory
system.
Sinuses - Hollow areas between the bones in
your head that help regulate the
temperature and humidity of the air you
inhale.
Throat (pharynx) - delivers air from your
mouth and nose to the trachea (windpipe).
Voice box (larynx) - Hollow organ that allows
you to talk and make sounds when air
moves in and out.
Windpipe (trachea) - Passage connecting your
throat and lungs.
Diaphragm - Muscle that helps your lungs
pull in air and push it out.
Lungs -Two organs that remove oxygen from
the air and pass it into your blood.
Bronchial tubes/bronchi - Tubes at the bottom
of your windpipe that connect into each

6. Endocrine System - regulates all
biological processes in the body from
conception through adulthood and into
old age, including the development of Pituitary gland - This is your endocrine
the brain and nervous system, the
growth and function of the
reproductive system, as well as the
metabolism and blood sugar levels.
7. Reproductive System - The human
reproductive system functions to
produce human offspring, with the
male providing sperm and the female
providing the ovum.
lung.
Bronchioles - Small branches of the bronchial
tubes that lead to the alveoli.
Air sacs (alveoli) - Tiny air sacs in the lungs
where the exchange of oxygen and carbon
dioxide takes place.
Capillaries - Blood vessels in the alveoli walls
that move oxygen and carbon dioxide.
Hypothalamus - Its main job is to tell your
pituitary gland to start or stop making
hormones.
system’s master gland. It uses information
it gets from your brain to tell other glands
in your body what to do. It makes many
important hormones.
Pineal gland - makes a chemical called
melatonin that helps your body get ready
to go to sleep.
Thyroid gland - makes thyroid hormone,
which controls your growth and
metabolism.
Parathyroid - They play a role in bone health.
The glands control your levels of calcium
and phosphorus.
Thymus - This gland makes white blood cells
called T-lymphocytes that fight infection
and are crucial as a child's immune system
develops.
Adrenals - Best known for making the "fight
or flight" hormone adrenaline, these two
glands also make hormones called
corticosteroids.
Pancreas - It makes digestive enzymes that
break down food. It also makes the
hormones insulin and glucagon.
Ovaries - In women, these organs make
estrogen and progesterone.
Testes - In men, the testes make testosterone.
Male organs
penis - the male organ used in sexual
intercourse.
Scrotum - loose pouch-like sac of skin that
hangs behind and below the penis. It
contains the testicles (also called testes), as
well as many nerves and blood vessels.

8. Excretory System - It regulates the
fluid balance of the body, maintaining
adequate salt and water levels.
9. Muscoskeletal System – Supports the
body's weight and helps you move,
provides our body with movement,
stability, shape, and support.
Testes - responsible for making testosterone,
the primary male sex hormone, and for
generating sperm.
Prostate - contributes additional fluid to the
ejaculate. Prostate fluids also help to
nourish the sperm.
seminal vesicles - produce a sugar-rich fluid
(fructose) that provides sperm with a
source of energy to help them move.
Female Organs
Ovaries - The ovaries produce eggs and
hormones.
Vagina - canal that joins the cervix (the lower
part of uterus) to the outside of the body.
Uterus - the home to a developing fetus.
fallopian tubes - narrow tubes that are
attached to the upper part of the uterus and
serve as tunnels for the ova (egg cells) to
travel from the ovaries to the uterus.
cervix - connects the vagina and uterus.
Kidney - These perform the primary task of
filtering blood and removing waste products.
Ureters - hin muscular tube that carries urine
from the kidneys to the bladder.
Bladder - holds urine until it is expelled from
the body during micturition.
Urethra - Its function is to expel the urine
outside by micturition.
Bones - provide structure and form for your
body. They work with muscles, tendons,
ligaments, and other connective tissues to
help you move.
Cartilage - cushions bones inside your joints,
along your spine and in your ribcage.
Firm, rubbery cartilage protects bones
from rubbing against each other.
Joints - Bones come together to form joints.
Some joints have a large range of motion,
such as the ball-and-socket shoulder joint.
Other joints, like the knee, allow bones to
move back and forth but not rotate.
Muscles - Your muscles allow you to move,
sit upright and stay still. Some muscles
help you run, dance and lift. You use
others to write your name, fasten a button,

10. Nervous System - transmits signals
between the brain and the rest of the
body, including internal organs.
talk, and swallow.
Ligaments - connect bones and help stabilize
joints.
Tendons - connect muscles to bones. Made of
fibrous tissue and collagen, tendons are
tough but not very stretchy.
Brain - The brain is the central control
module of the body and coordinates
activity. From physical motion to the
secretion of hormones, the creation of
memories, and the sensation of emotion.
Spinal Cord - The spinal cord, running almost
the full length of the back, carries
information between the brain and body,
but also carries out other tasks.
Cranial Nerves - These nerves collect and
send information between the brain and
parts of the body

II. WATCH AND LEARN!

Direction: Retrieve the videos given below and answer the succeeding questions based on the
video.
1. What are the difference among zygote, embryo, and fetus?
A zygote is unicellular, contained inside the fallopian tube. The embryo is multicellular
and is the unborn offspring which is still in development. In the last stages of
development, the embryo then forms into the fetus which now has developed organs and
is now in the uterus.
2. Why is zygote termed as totipotent?
It is totipotent because it is unicellular and contains a single cell which eventually gives
rise to a new organism.
3. What is the difference between embryology and developmental biology?
Embryology is the study of embryos and the process of its development, while
developmental biology is a study on mechanisms that control the growth of organisms.
4. What do you mean by the following terms:
4.1. Ventral - Front side of the 4.4. Caudal - Opposite of cranial,
body refers to the tail end of an
4.2. Dorsal - Upper/back side of organism.
an organism 4.5. Anterior
4.3. Cranial - Refers to the - Front side of the body, nearer
cranium or skull to the head
4.6. Posterior – similar to dorsal,
near the rear or hind end.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S2AcnqbTZBw