Giới thiệu luận điểm đầu tiên:

 Apparently…
 It appears that…
 It is true that...
 First…
 First of all…
 Firstly…
 Initially…
 To begin with…
 To start with…
 In the first place…
 Though it is true that…
 Some people believe that…
 Many people think that…
 According to many people,…
 Some people believe that…
 Many support the view that…


Ví dụ:

1. It is true that nowadays, the media has become an essential part in our lives and how
we get information. While it can be argued that people cannot live without the media, I
believe that the commercialized media is manipulating people and trying to maximize
profit at all costs.
2. First of all, it is believed that the longer people live, the more they enjoy their lives.
3. To begin with, although air freight is fast, the most obvious disadvantage is that it costs
a lot of money to ship goods by air as opposed to sending them by ship or rail.

Cách bắt đầu luận điểm thứ 2,3,4…

 Second(ly)…
 Third(ly)…
 Then…
 Next…
 …again…
 …also…
 Besides…
 Likewise…
 In addition…
 Consequently…
 Moreover…
 Other people think that…
  Other people believe that…
 On the other hand…
 Apart from that…
 Finally…

Ví dụ:  

1. Besides, for those who desire to go deeper in their field, like research, university proves
an ideal environment.
2. Apart from that, computers would become more powerful, and they will have superior
artificial intelligence.
3. People would also learn more about the outer space as the experiment and scientific
research is outer space is going on more steadily than ever.
4. Likewise, if the popular media provides good news such as educational, scientific news,
and so on, it can motivate the young generation to achieve more knowledge.

Dẫn dắt những ý giống nhau

 In the same fashion/way…

 In like manner…
 Correspondingly…
 Likewise…
 Similarly…
 Like the previous point…
 Similar to…
 Also…
 At the same time…
 Just as…

Ví dụ:  

1. Similarly, Marx was interested in slavery and in the classical Indian and Chinese social
systems, or in those systems where the ties of local community are all important.
2. At the same time, software could be used for many purposes, such as learning through
computers, accounting in computers, drawing, storage of information, sending
information from one person to another person etc.
3. Also reading books is like peeking into the minds of the greatest people – A book is like a
conversation with the writer, and reading many books gives people an insight into the
thinking process of different writers.

Dẫn dắt những ý tưởng tương phản

 On the other hand…

 Despite…
  On the contrary…
 However…
 But…
 Nevertheless…
 Oppositely…
 Alternatively…
 Unlike…
 While…
 Whilst…
 Even so / though
 Alternatively…
 In contrast to this…
 Then again…
 In spite of…
 Be that as it may…
 Although…
 Instead….
 Whereas…
 Despite…
 Conversely…
 Otherwise…
 Nonetheless…
 Regardless…

Ví dụ:  

1. On the contrary, poor countries suffer from the lack of sufficient budgets to ensure
some very basic needs of people like health, education, medicines etc.
2. Unlike a TV, a radio cannot display an image or a video, and the communication is
limited to voice only.
3. In contrast to this, the consumption of fuels to run the car is contributing to the rise if
global warming and affecting the ozone layer.

Dẫn dắt ví dụ, nhấn mạnh, phát triển:

 As an example…
 For instance…
 For example…
 Like…
 As…
 Such as…
 Particularly…
 In particular…
 To show an example…
  As an evidence…
 To illustrate…
 In other words…
 To put it differently…
 For one thing…
 As an illustration…

Ví dụ:

1. For instance, there is no guaranty that all unemployed person will use the technology
positively.
2. As an example, many Government of the first world countries have initiated other
projects like the Space Program, The AI Development.
3. For example, if a public bus gets busted in the middle of a road, the passenger can
easily leave it a look for another one.
4. The most compelling evidence for the resurrection of Jesus of Nazareth is the testimony
of the disciples, since “…men will not suffer …”.

Dẫn dắt câu nguyên nhân kết quả:

 As a result…..
 Consequently…..
 As an effect…..
 Thus…..
 So…..
 Therefore…..
 Hence…..
 Eventually…..
 For this reason…..
 Thereby…..
 Henceforth…

Ví dụ:

1. Therefore, one should avoid using one’s budget in an uncertain project.

2. As a result, people are struggling much to lead a healthy and secure life.
3. Consequently, local residents will be able to find more job opportunities in this factory
and have a better socio-economic status.
4. Thus, air and water pollution caused by this factory will ruin the local environment and
wildlife fundamentally.

Dẫn dắt câu nêu luận điểm tổng quát:

 Generally…
  Generally speaking…
 In general…
 Overall…
 All in all…
 By and large…
 Basically…
 As a rule…
 Essentially…
 On the whole…
 All things considered…

Ví dụ:  

1. All things considered, a certain reserved position for women in high-level job is actually
a good idea to empower the women towards the overall betterment of the organization
and society.
2. In general, it can be stated that in upcoming years, humans will be blessed with
adequate facilities, which definitely will make their lives quite easier, due to the
advanced technology.
3. As a rule, in most countries, a zoological garden is monitored strictly, and the health,
treatment, and the food are properly ensured for the animals they keep.

Mở đầu câu điều kiện:

 Otherwise…
 As soon as...
 As much as…
 If…
 Provided that…
 Because of that…
 For this reason…
 Unless…
 Providing that…
 So that…
 In case…
 Whether…

Ví dụ:  

1. If the proper measurements and initiatives are not taken, the pollution will keep on
increasing, and that would someday threaten the existence of human’s life.
2. Unless men change the diet and get involved in some sort of outdoor activities and
sports, the average weight would keep increasing.
 3. For this reasons, employees should preserve a certain percentage of high level jobs for
qualified women.

Nêu ý kiến chắc chắn:

 Certainly...
 Definitely…
 No doubt…
 Of course…
 Doubtlessly…
 Without any doubt…
 Undoubtedly…

Ví dụ:  

1. Of course, learning from books in a formal educational institution, and learning from
books for someone’s own interest is highly important.
2. Practical lessons would definitely help students have a deeply understanding, while
theory learned from books will be forgotten far easier.
3. Undoubtedly, ultimate exhaust of natural resources would create chaos, and many wild
lives would be endangered as well.

Câu tóm tắt, kết luận:

 In a word
 In conclusion
 To summarize
 To sum up
 To conclude
 On the whole
 In general

Ví dụ:

1. In a word, the idea can be very useful for the developing countries but for the US, it
might be sinister.
2. That is to say, parents must ensure the safety of their children first.
3. In short, overall infrastructure of the area will develop.
4. To sum up, parents are important teachers in people’s lives and none can deny their
invaluable role, but they are not always the best teachers.
5. On the whole, industrialization is necessary for growth, it must be regulated. The proper
measures must be in place to reduce the negative impacts of byproducts on
environment.