DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS: SEMESTER PROJECT

PROJECT OVERVIEW (SYNOPSIS SUBMISSION)

SUBMITTED TO: MS. AQSA ZAFAR ABBASI
DATED: JUNE 24,2022 FRIDAY
GROUP 8:
LEVENBERG MARQUARDT ALGORITHM: NEURAL NETWORKS(AI)
GROUP MEMBERS:
NOOR UL HUDA [210101064]
MOMINA FAZAL [210101066]
SYEDA SABAHAT GUL [210101068]
ARBAZ MASOOD [210101070]

INTRODUCTION TO LEVENBERG MARQUARDT ALGORITHM:

Levenberg Marquardt Algorithm is based upon “artificial neural networks”
(ANN), linked with artificial intelligence (AI). Neural networks of AI are
computing systems with interconnected nodes that work much like neurons in
a brain. Hence the “Levenberg Marquardt” method based upon neural
networks is used to find minimum of a function (either linear or non-linear)
over a space of parameters.

OBJECTIVE OF REVIEW:
The main objective behind the review of each of the 5 applications of
Levenberg Marquardt's method submitted by our group is to study and
understand the ordinary differential equations used in each topic. Yet our aim
is to comprehend and analyse the D.Es used, their method of solution and how
they can work as tool in data analysis of the applications of Levenbergs
algorithm.
Following 5 applications of Levenberg Marquartdts method were selected by
our group:
1. Backpropagation of Levenberg Marquardt artificial neural networks for
wire coating analysis in the bath of Sisko fluid (MAIN APPLICATION):
This application discusses the wire coating techniques implemented by
welldefined devices to reduce the possibility of maltreatment of future
electrical products through the wire. This problem is handled with precise
mathematical simulations for engineering operations through the differential
equations, and analytical/numerical solutions are used to solve the system for
different flow problems subjected to variety of geometries of different wires.
The ODE’s used for determining wire flow in a Sisko fluid are:
r d2w/dr2 + dw/dr + λ[ (dw/dr)n + nr(dw/dr)n-1 x d2w/dr2
The methodology used is explicit Range-Kutta technique with the help of NDsolver
mathematica software. Solutions can also be found by MATLAB software.

2. The intelligent networks for double diffusion & MHD

(magnetohydrodynamic) analysis of thin film flow over a stretched surface:
The application of computational intelligent neural networks processes can be
helpful for the solution nonlinear systems of thin nano liquid film flow model
of Maxwell fluid with thermo-diffusion effect and chemical reaction over
rotating disk. Method used is Adams Numerical Technique.

3. Integrated intelligent computing application for effectiveness of Au

nanoparticles coated over MWCNTs (multi-walled carbon nanotubes or
semiconductors) with velocity slip in curved channel peristaltic flow:
Peristalsis of fluid occurs due to dynamic waves generated by compression and
expansion of flexible channel walls which extend along length of the channel
by infusing and transposing the fluid within it. Among the metallic
nanoparticles, Au capable of tracking cancer markers in patient’s blood and
have been practiced to several contexts involving unscrambling biological tool,
drug design, virology, laser-induced therapy, local tissue ablation, and
Microwave and Radio Frequency ablation etc. Process of fluid flow and heat
transfer can be demonstrated with the help of differential equations. Methods
used are, Chebyshev Polynomial Approximations, Variational Iteration Method,
Adomian Decomposition Method, Pad's Approximation Technique, Cubic
BSpline Scaling Functions, Homotropy Perturbation Method, Homotropy
Analysis Method, Finite Element Method, Finite Difference Method etc. Any
one method can be adopted.

4. Intelligent computing with Levenberg Marquardt backpropagation

neural networks for third grade nanofluid over a stretched sheet with
convective conditions :
A three-dimensional hybrid nanofluid flow model is constructed over biaxial
porous stretching/shrinking sheet with heat transfer, Radiative heat and mass
flux (3D-HNF-RHF). Bayesian Regularization technique based on
Backpropagated neural networks (BRT-BNNs) is employed to estimate the
solution of proposed model. It is the mathematical process which converts
nonlinear regression fitting into a well-posed statistical process in the form of
ridge regression. This method diminishes length cross validation need and
more robust than Backpropagation technique. The proposed flow system
3DHNF-RHF is transferred to ordinary differential equations (ODEs)possessing
physical variations.

5. Falker-Skan equation with heat transfer as backpropagation of Levenberg

Marquardt algorithm :
In this study, a new computing model is developed using the strength of
feedforward neural networks with the Levenberg–Marquardt method based
backpropagation technique. It is used to find a solution for the nonlinear
system obtained from the governing equations of Falkner–Skan with heat
transfer. Moreover, the partial differential equations (PDEs) for the unsteady
squeezing flow of heat and mass transfer of the viscous fluid are converted
into ordinary differential equations (ODEs) with the help of similarity
transformation. A dataset for the proposed model is generated in different
scenarios by a variation of various embedding parameters, Deborah number
(β) and Prandtl number (Pr).

BLOCK DIAGRAM:
The below bock diagram displays a general pattern/flow that is followed in
solving methodologies of Levenberg Marquardt's method, where as the main
application is the one numbered ‘1’ in above introduction to applications.