CASE STUDY

18AR47 - PATHAN TAHESIN ISMAIL

ELDERLY CARE COMMUNITY CENTRE IN TAMAN KANAGAPURAM

INTRODUCTION 01

The site of the Elderly Care Community Centre in Taman Kanagapuram, Old Klang
Road in Petaling Jaya is a flat rectangular plot of 22 metres wide and 44 metres long
in between two residential bungalows. The idea was to create functional spaces
embracing a central courtyard and freeing the building through multiple open
views along the long stretch of corridors. The centre is built for the seniors in the
community to create a dynamic social interaction and foster good relationship
among the staff members of the centre, family, friends, relatives and neighbouring
residents. The centre aims to bring out the positivity to counteract the dull and
slow-paced life seen in the existing nursing homes within a few kilometres radius
through interaction and functional spaces.

ELDERLY CARE COMMUNITY CENTRE IN TAMAN KANAGAPURAM

FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM 02

Fire can be defined as fast oxidation of a material in the exothermic compound

procedure of ignition, discharging warmth, light, and different response items. Blazes
comprised principally of carbon dioxide, water vapour, oxygen and nitrogen. Fire in
its most normal frame can bring about fire, which can possibly bring about physical
harm through smouldering. A fire can spread 4.6 meters per second. Fire occurs
when there is presence of air and some sort of fuel.

These four elements must be present at the same time for a fire to be produced:

● Combustible material or fuel

● Exothermic reaction of the fire

● Sufficient heat to maintain ignition temperature

● Sufficient oxygen to maintain the process of combustion

ELDERLY CARE COMMUNITY CENTRE IN TAMAN KANAGAPURAM

ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION 03

The following research explains the type of active fire protection system proposed to
be used in the Elderly Care Centre building. The main role of active fire protection
systems are to extinguish fire outbreaks during fire emergencies by using both
mechanical and manually methods, whichever is convenient at the time of
emergency. The systems will be discussed and elaborated deeper and further in the
paper.

ZONE CONFIGURATION

ELDERLY CARE COMMUNITY CENTRE IN TAMAN KANAGAPURAM

FIRE DETECTION 04

SMOKE DETECTORS
Smoke detectors integrated into open areas
under flat horizontal ceilings, the horizontal
distance from any point in the area to the
detector nearest to that point should not exceed
7.5 meters. Requirements are as being in a
corridor less than 5 meters wide, the horizontal
distance given in and above may be increased
by half the difference between 5 meters and the
width of the corridor. For corridor wider than 5
meters, it should be treated as an open area.
Smoke detector should be sited so that their
sensitive elements are not less than 25mm or more
than 600mm below the ceiling or roof.

The smoke detectors that have been introduced on specific locations of the roofs
of every floors are photoelectric smoke locators which are the most appropriate
and suggested smoke indicators among all. Photoelectric smoke finders are
locators that contain a light source in a light-touchy electric sensor. The light source
will be situated 90-degree that the light from the light source will shoot straight
crosswise over and misses the sensor, which will then be exasperated and hit the
sensor. It will then trigger the alert when the smoke enters the chamber and
dissipates the light.

ELDERLY CARE COMMUNITY CENTRE IN TAMAN KANAGAPURAM

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SMOKE DETECTORS

A smoke detector is placed in each zone. On the ground floor, detectors are
installed on the corridor ceilings, one of which is located in front of the lift lobby.
They are sited so that their sensitive elements are not less than 25mm below ceiling.
On the first floor, detectors are installed on the walls of the building. They are
installed on the exterior walls that face the inside (central courtyard) of the building.

ELDERLY CARE COMMUNITY CENTRE IN TAMAN KANAGAPURAM

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AUDIO ALARM SOUNDER

When the smoke detector is triggered, the audio fire alarm system will be activated
to arouse and attract the attention of the occupants so that the evacuation can be
carried out without causing harm to the occupants. Four alarms are installed on
each floor, with two alarm sounders placed in each zone of the building.

ELDERLY CARE COMMUNITY CENTRE IN TAMAN KANAGAPURAM

PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS 07

The installation of portable fire extinguishers should be located in positions where they
can be easily spotted by person following an escape route. Extinguishers should be
located preferably within recessed closets if they would be sited along protected
corridors to avoid obstruction during evacuation. They should be sited not more than
20 meters from a potential fire hazard.

ELDERLY CARE COMMUNITY CENTRE IN TAMAN KANAGAPURAM

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PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

Portable fire extinguishers are always located within reach, in conspicuous locations
that can be easily spotted following an escape route. Following the evacuation
flow, portable extinguishers are places along the corridors, by emergency exits, and
by the fire staircase

ELDERLY CARE COMMUNITY CENTRE IN TAMAN KANAGAPURAM

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PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

Portable extinguishers are also located by the exit of every room, on corridors,
stairways,lobbies and fire escape landings to allow easier access.

ELDERLY CARE COMMUNITY CENTRE IN TAMAN KANAGAPURAM

PASSIVE FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM 10

The following research explains the types of passive fire system proposed to be used
in the building. The main role of passive fire system is to resist or slow down the spread
of fire outbreaks during fire emergencies by using building or structural systems in the
building. The system will be discussed and elaborated deeper and further in the
paper.

FIRE RISK AREA

ELDERLY CARE COMMUNITY CENTRE IN TAMAN KANAGAPURAM

CONSTRUCTION OF SEPARATING WALL 11

Any separating wall apart from wall separating buildings not divided into
compartments within the limit of size with letter "X" indicated in Part 1 of Ninth
Schedule, should be constructed with fully non-combustible materials, excluding any
surface finishing to the wall which complies with the requirement of the by-laws.
These required FRP for the wall should be obtained without the assistance from the
non-combustible materials of such surface finishing.

ELDERLY CARE COMMUNITY CENTRE IN TAMAN KANAGAPURAM

 FIRE DOORS 12

(1) Fire doors of the appropriate FRP shall be provided.

(2) Openings in compartment walls and separating walls shall be protected by a fire
door having

FRP in accordance with the requirement for that wall specified in the Ninth Schedule
to these By-Laws.

ELDERLY CARE COMMUNITY CENTRE IN TAMAN KANAGAPURAM

AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM 13

The air conditioning system chosen to be used in the elderly care centre is the split
unit system. This is due to the small scale of the residential building as well as their
small spaces inside the vicinity. Besides that, the wall type indoor unit is chosen
instead of a ceiling unit in order to avoid disruption to the ceiling fans in such a small
space.

Split unit air conditioning system consists of two parts, indoor and outdoor units, both
having to be less than 15 meters apart. The outdoor unit is hung or placed on the
exterior of the room of the indoor unit, where there is sufficient air flow around it to
remove heat from its compressor and condenser. The indoor unit is usually hung on
the wall of the interior that is to be cooled.

ELDERLY CARE COMMUNITY CENTRE IN TAMAN KANAGAPURAM

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AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM

ELDERLY CARE COMMUNITY CENTRE IN TAMAN KANAGAPURAM

MECHANICAL VENTILATION SYSTEM 15

Mechanical ventilation is the system which encourages during the process of

changing air condition and quality in an enclosed space when natural ventilation is
not appropriate. Mechanical ventilation circulates fresh air with the aid of fan and
makeup air supply. Mechanical ventilation incorporates heating, cooling and
humidity control. This can be alluded to as warming ventilation and aerating and
cooling (HVAC). Mechanical ventilation is differed from natural ventilation as it needs
electricity to support its system.

SUPPLY SYSTEM

Mechanical ventilation is the system which encourages during the process of

changing air condition and quality in an enclosed space when natural ventilation is
not appropriate. Mechanical ventilation circulates fresh air with the aid of fan and
makeup air supply. Mechanical ventilation incorporates heating, cooling and
humidity control. This can be alluded to as warming ventilation and aerating and
cooling (HVAC). Mechanical ventilation is differed from natural ventilation as it needs
electricity to support its system.

ELDERLY CARE COMMUNITY CENTRE IN TAMAN KANAGAPURAM

SERVICESI SEM IX
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RETURN AIR GRILL

ELDERLY CARE COMMUNITY CENTRE IN TAMAN KANAGAPURAM

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SUPPLY AIR DIFFUSERS

A 495mm x 495mm air supply diffusers are located at the pharmacy, therapy room
and some of the enclosed rooms of the Elderly Care Centre as shown in Figure 56. It
supplies air into the room and it is preferred when passive ventilation fails or is
incapable of regulating airflow inside out of the Elderly Care Centre.

ELDERLY CARE COMMUNITY CENTRE IN TAMAN KANAGAPURAM

MECHANICAL TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM 18

The mechanical transportation is an energy-using services which becomes an

integral part of modern buildings to move people and goods. The need of this such
system arises with the expectations of quality by the final user and with the provision
of access for elderly and disabled people. Others services, fire protection, means of
escape and proper maintenance are of the highest importance when designing this
system. The energy consumption may be low, but a significant amount of electrical
power is required for short periods.

HYDRAULIC ELEVATOR

ELDERLY CARE COMMUNITY CENTRE IN TAMAN KANAGAPURAM

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HYDRAULIC ELEVATOR

A hydraulic elevator is proposed in this two-storey Elderly Care Centre to provide

ease of convenience to the users of the buildings. The staircase is situated closely to
the elevator for emergency purposes. The placement of elevator is within 45m
walking distance to the elevator lobby from any point in the building.

ELDERLY CARE COMMUNITY CENTRE IN TAMAN KANAGAPURAM