Interactions: Transfer of Energy: Science

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SCIENCE
INTERACTIONS:
TRANSFER OF ENERGY
Quarter 4
Weekly Learning Activity Sheet
(WLAS)
Week 5B
Writer:
JAYLYN L. SIMARD
Magallanes National High School
Author: JAYLYN L. SIMARD
Station: MagallanesAgusan delSchool
National High Norte
Division
Division: Agusan del Norte
Email address: jaylyn.simard@deped.gov.ph
COPYRIGHT PAGE FOR UNIFIED LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEETS
Science 8 – Grade 8
Learning Activity Sheets
Quarter 4 – Week 5B: INTERACTIONS: Transfer of Energy
First Edition, 2021
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Station: Magallanes National High School
WEEKLY LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET
Biological Science 8, Quarter 4, Week 5B
INTERACTIONS: Transfer of Energy

Name: ____________________________ Section: ____________________
Most Essential Learning Competency (MELC)
Describe the transfer of energy through the trophic levels. (S8LT-IVi-22)
Learning Objectives: At the end of the lesson, the learners shall be able to:
1.analyze the transfer of energy from one organism to another;
2.construct a food chain in a given ecosystem; and
3. appreciate the importance of every components of a food chain.
Time Allotment: 2 hours

Key Concepts:
All organisms need energy to sustain life. In every activity that organisms do in
ecosystems like breathing, moving, running, burrowing, growing, energy is required. The
transfer of energy is the most important factor that directs what kinds of organisms live in
an ecosystem.
Food Chain
A food chain is the linear sequence of who eats whom in an ecosystem to obtain
food. The sun, the primary source of energy is where the food chain starts. The autotrophs
or primary producers are the next link in the chain. These are organisms that make its
own food from the primary energy source like photosynthetic plants that make their own
food from sunlight (using a process called photosynthesis) and chemosynthetic bacteria
that make their food energy from chemicals in hydrothermal vents. The next link are
herbivores or primary consumers. These are the organisms that eat the autotrophs--an
example is a grasshopper that eats grass. Secondary consumers are the next link after
primary consumers in the chain. These are animals that eat herbivores - an example is a
frog that eats grasshopper. The next are tertiary consumers and then quaternary
consumers. An example is a snake that eats frog, and an eagle that eats snake respectively.
Animals are eaten by larger predators. Food chain ends with a top predator, and an animal
with no natural enemies (like crocodile, wild pig and python).
Trophic Levels:
In a food chain, there is a trophic level of an organism that it holds.
1. Primary producers (organism that make their own food from sun) through
photosynthesis are the base or bottom part of every food chain - these organisms
are called autotrophs.

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2. Primary consumers are animals that consume or eat producers; they are also
called herbivores (plant-eaters).
3. Secondary consumers eat primary consumers. They are carnivores or meat-eaters
and omnivores (organisms that eat both animals and plants).
4. Tertiary consumers eat secondary consumers.

5. Quaternary consumers eat tertiary consumers.
The food chains "end" with predators or animals that have little or no natural enemies.
When an organism dies, it is eaten by detrivores (earthworms, mites and crabs) and the
remains are broken down by decomposers (like bacteria and fungi), and then the exchange
of energy continues.
Image Source: https://maggiesscienceconnection.weebly.com
Figure 1. Sample of a Food Chain

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Food Web
Food web is an interconnected food chains. One kind of food like grass may be eaten by
several consumers or different kind of foods may be eaten by one consumer. A sample food
web in a Philippine forest is shown in Figure 2.
Image Source: Learning Materials 8

Figure 2. Sample Food web in a Philippine forest.
Energy Pyramid
An energy pyramid is a graphical representation that shows the flow of energy at

each trophic level in an ecosystem.
The flow of energy transfer through the layers of the energy pyramid from the bottom
to up, and is gradually reduced as energy is used up by the organisms at each level. The
bottom level of the energy pyramid indicates the energy available within primary producers.
Primary consumers are second trophic level. These are the organisms that feed solely on
primary producers. Secondary consumers and tertiary consumers are third and fourth levels
in an energy pyramid. These are carnivores and omnivores which can consumes on any of
the lower levels. The apex predators are the top layer of the energy pyramid. These are
mostly animals that have no natural predators.

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Image Source: https://biologydictionary.net/energy
Figure 3. Energy Pyramid
Energy is required for all life processes such as respiration, movement, metabolic
processes, and reproduction. The 100% total energy available to the plants, only 10% is
made into plant tissues, while the 90% is used up and is lost as heat.
Each of the trophic levels, there is the same amount of energy (90%) is lost as heat, the
remaining 10% is turned into a biomatter. The apex predators will only receive 0.01% of the
primary energy by the time the energy reaches the top trophic level. It because there is so
little energy available at the highest trophic level.

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ACTIVITY 1. Untangle the Chain
Objective: Analyze the transfer of energy from one organism to another

What you need: Paper, pencil
What to do:
A. Study the food chain below and answer the guide questions. Write your answer
in a separate answer sheet.
Image Source: https://www.differencebetween.com
Guide Questions:
1. What does the arrow represent in the food chain?

2. What organism is considered as the producer? primary consumer? tertiary
consumer?
B. Based in the given food web below, fill up the table to categorize the organism
according to its trophic level. Copy the table in your answer sheet.
Image Source:https://www.saratogaschools.org
Producer 1st Order/Primary 2nd Order/ 3rd Order, Tertiary

Consumer Secondary Consumer
Consumer
Guide Question:
How does energy from the sun transferred to the trophic levels?

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Rubrics for scoring:
1 point - The response was incorrect.

2 points- The response was partially correct.
3 points- The response was correct and detailed
ACTIVITY 2. Make a Chain.
Objective: Construct a food chain
What you need: Paper, pencil, ruler
What to do:
A. Construct a food chain of a forest ecosystem by filling up the boxes below.

Write your answer in a separate paper and copy the boxes shown here.
Energy
from the
Sun
Producer 1ST Order 2ND Order 3RD Order
Consumer Consumer Consumer
B. Construct a food chain of an ocean ecosystem by filling up the boxes below.

Write your answer in a separate paper and copy the boxes shown here.
Energy
from the
Sun
Producer 1ST Order 2ND Order 3RD Order
Consumer Consumer Consumer
Guide Question:
Describe food chain in your own words. Write your answer in two sentences.


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Reflection: Express your answer in two sentences. Write your answer in a separate
paper.
Nature establishes the flow of energy. What do you think will happen if
decomposers are omitted from the chain?

References
Learning Materials, SCIENCE 8 , Part 4

Campbell, N.A., Reece, J.B., Taylor, M.R., Simon, E.J., & Dickey, J.L. (2012).
Campbell biology: Concepts and connections (7th Ed.). Pearson Benjamin

Cummings, USA: Pearson Education, Inc.
Department of Education, Culture and Sports. Instructional Materials Corporation.

(1990). Science and technology II: Textbook. Quezon City: Author.
Lantaw - Philippines Outdoor and Travel Photos. (2009). Retrieved from

http://www.lantaw.com/2009/10/samal-monfort-bat-cave.html
Locke, R. (2006). A treasure trove of fruit bats. BATS Magazine, 24(4). Retrieved from
www.batcom.org/pdfs/batsmag/batswinter06.pdf.
University of the Philippines National Institute for Science and Mathematics

Education Development. (n.d.). Nitrogen cycle [Poster]. Quezon City: Author.
University of the Philippines National Institute for Science and Mathematics

Education Development. (n.d.). Water cycle [Poster]. Quezon City: Autho

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Internet References:
https://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/foodchain/ .Retrieved Date: April 8, 2021.
https://biologydictionary.net/energy-pyramid/
Image Sources:
Figure 1. Food chain. Accessed on April 15, 2021.Retrieved from:https://maggiesscience

connection.weebly.com/habitats-food-chains--webs-trophic-pyramid.html
Figure 2. Learning Materials, Grade 8.
Figure 3. Food chain. Accessed on April 15, 2021.Retrieved from:https://biologydictionary

.net/energy-pyramid/
Activity1. A. Accessed on April 15, 2021.Retrieved from:https://www.differencebetween.

com/difference-between-food-chain-and-vs-food-web
Activity1.B. Accessed on April 15, 2021.Retrieved from:https://www.saratogaschools.org/

webpages/cjordy/biojordy.cfm?subpage=1384495

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ANSWER KEY
ACTIVITY 1. Untangle the Chain
Producer 1st 2nd Order/ 3rd Order, Tertiary

Order/Primary Secondary Consumer
Consumer Consumer
trees deer mountain lion hawk
shrubs rabbit hawk owl
grass mouse snake
cricket owl
Guide Questions:
1. Arrows in the food chain represent the flow of energy.
2. Grass, grasshopper, owl
3. The plants convert the energy from the sun into chemical energy in the form of
glucose, through photosynthesis. The chemical energy from the plants
(producers) is then passed on to first order consumers, then to the second order
consumers and finally to the third order consumer.
ACTIVITY 2. Make a Chain

A. fruit tree >> bat >> snake >> hawk
B. algae >> sardine >> tuna >> shark
Guide Questions
Food chain is the sequence of who eats whom in a biological community (an ecosystem)
to obtain nutrition. A food chain starts with the primary energy source, usually the sun
and end with larger predator.
Reflection:
Decomposers such as bacteria and fungi break down dead matter. In returns,
decomposers release nutrients from the organic material back into the soil, making the
soil available to plants and other producers. Without decomposers, the flow of energy
will be altered and hence, making the ecosystem unbalance.

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First Edition, 2021

Development Team of Learner’s Activity Sheets

Printed in the Philippines by:

Author: JAYLYN L. SIMARD