MATHEMATICS 9

3rd Quarter
Week 9

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

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1
 Competency: Solves problems that involve triangle similarity and right
triangles. (M9GE-IIIj-1)

Objectives: At the end of the week, you shall have

o applied theorems on triangle similarity to identify similar triangles;
o illustrated and solved problems involving similar triangles and right
triangles; and
o related triangle similarity and right triangles in real life situation.

Learner’s Tasks

Lesson Overview
Triangle similarity theorems describe the conditions under which two triangles
are similar, and they deal with the sides and angles of each triangle. Once a
particular combination of angles and sides satisfy the theorems, we can consider
the triangles to be similar.

Similarity of Triangles

Definition of Similar Triangles

Two triangles are said to be similar (~) if their corresponding angles are
congruent and the corresponding sides are proportional.

In other words, similar triangles are of the same shape, but not necessarily of
the same size. Hence, we can find the dimensions of one triangle with the help of
another triangle.

A Example: 𝜟ABC ~ 𝜟EFG

In the diagram, we see that 𝜟EFG is
E an enlarged version of 𝜟ABC i.e., they
have the same shape. The same shape of
C the triangle depends on the angle of the
triangles.
B

Corresponding Congruent Angles

F
∠A = ∠E
∠B = ∠G
G ∠C = ∠F
Corresponding Proportional Sides
AB BC AC
= =
EG GF EF

The area, altitude, and volume of similar triangles are of the same ratio as the
ratio of the length of their sides.

2
 You can establish ratios to compare the lengths of the sides of two triangles. If
the ratios are congruent, the corresponding sides are similar.

Angle-Angle (AA) Rule

With the AA rule, two triangles are said to be similar if two angles in one
particular triangle are equal to two angles of another triangle.

Sometimes this is also called the Angle-Angle-Angle (AAA) rule because

when two corresponding pairs of angles are congruent, it would imply that the
third corresponding pair of angles are also congruent.

Example: A
D

32° 95°
95°
32° F E
B C
The two given triangles are △ABC and △DEF. Notice that ∠B ≅ ∠E with
measures both 95° and ∠C ≅ ∠F which measures 32°. We now have 2 pairs of
congruent angles. Therefore, △ABC ~ △DEF by AA similarity rule.

Side-Angle-Side (SAS) Rule

The SAS rule states that two triangles are similar if the ratio of their
corresponding two sides is equal and also, the angle formed by the two sides is
equal.

J
Example: M

12 8
16
24 O N
L K

In the example above, △JKL and △MNO are oriented in the same way. Let us
compute for the ratio of the corresponding sides to find out if they are proportional.

̅̅̅
JK 12 3 ̅̅̅̅
LK 24 3
̅̅̅̅̅
= = ̅̅̅̅̅
= 16 =
MN 8 2 ON 2
3
The two pairs of corresponding sides have the same ratio which is 2
.
Notice also that the angle between the identified sides of the two triangles, ∠K and
∠N, are congruent with a measure of 90°. Therefore, △JKL ~ △MNO by SAS similarity
rule.

3
 Side-Side-Side (SSS) Rule

Two triangles are similar if all the corresponding three sides of the given
triangles are of the same ratio.
Example:
S
Y
25 10 15 6

X Z
R 18
30 T
In the figure above, we have two triangles: △RST and △XYZ. Notice that both
triangles have no specific measures of interior angles. The sides of △RST measure 10,
25 and 30 while △XYZ has sides 6, 15 and 18. We need to set up ratios of
corresponding sides to evaluate them.

̅̅̅̅
RS 25 5
̅̅̅̅
= 15 =
XY 3

̅̅̅̅
ST 10 5
̅̅̅̅
= =
YZ 6 3

̅̅̅̅
RT 30 5
̅̅̅̅
= 18 =
XZ 3

The three pairs of corresponding sides have the same ratio when
5
simplified which is equal to 3. Even without knowing the measures of the
interior angles, we know these two triangles are similar, because their
corresponding sides are proportional. Therefore, △RST ~ △XYZ by SSS similarity
rule.

Similar Triangles Problems with Solutions

Triangle similarity rules are necessary in

solving problems. We can identify that two A
triangles are similar when we know the
relationships between pairs of their
corresponding sides and angles. X Y

Example 1: In the ΔABC length of the sides are

given as ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝑋 = 5 cm, ̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅ = 20 cm.
𝑋𝐵 = 10 cm and 𝐵𝐶
̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅
Also 𝑋𝑌 ǁ 𝐵𝐶 . Find 𝑋𝑌. B C

4
Solution: In ΔABC and ΔAXY, ∠XAY is common and ∠AXY = ∠ABC (corresponding
angles)
ΔABC ~ ΔAXY (SAS rule for similar triangles)
̅̅̅̅
AX ̅̅̅̅
XY
̅̅̅̅
AB
= ̅̅̅̅
BC
(corresponding proportional sides)

5 ̅̅̅̅
XY
15
= 20 (substitution)

̅̅̅̅)(15) = (5)(20)
(𝑋𝑌 (cross multiplication)
̅̅̅̅)(15) = 100
(𝑋𝑌 (simplify)
100
XY = (simplify)
15

̅̅̅̅ = 𝟐𝟎 cm
𝐗𝐘 𝟑
20
Therefore, the length of ̅̅̅̅
𝑋𝑌 is 3 cm.

Example 2: Determine the value of x in the following diagram.

L

x P
8cm

M 24cm N 12cm O

Solution:
ΔLMO ~ ΔPNO (SAS rule for similar triangles)
̅̅̅̅̅
LM ̅̅̅̅̅
MO
̅̅̅̅
PN
= NO
̅̅̅̅̅ (corresponding proportional sides)
𝑥 (24+12)
8
= 12
(substitution)
𝑥 36
8
= 12 (simplify)

(x)(12) = (36)(8) (cross multiplication)

12x = 288 (simplify)
288
x= 12
(simplify)

x = 24 cm
Therefore, the value of x is 24 cm.

Right Triangles

Definition of Right Triangle

A right triangle is a triangle with one right angle

(one angle equal to 90°). The side opposite the right angle c hypotenuse
leg a
(the longest side) is called the hypotenuse. The remaining
two sides (the sides that intersect to determine the right
angle) are called the legs of the right triangle. b
5
leg
 Special Properties of Right Triangles

When the altitude is drawn to the hypotenuse of right triangle,

1. the length of the altitude is the geometric mean between the segments of
the hypotenuse; and
2. each leg is the geometric mean between the hypotenuse and the segment
of the hypotenuse that is adjacent to the leg.

Definition of Geometric Mean

The geometric mean of two positive numbers a and b is the number x, such
𝒂 𝒙
that = or 𝒙𝟐 = ab and x = √𝑎𝑏.
𝒙 𝒃

A practical application of the geometric mean is to find the altitude of a right

triangle.
D
Example 1: Find the value of x.
9
Solution: In the figure, x is the altitude drawn to
the hypotenuse of 𝜟DEF. By applying the
property no. 1 of special right triangle, x is the 27
x
geometric mean between the segments of
the hypotenuse.
x = √(9)(27) F
E
x = √(9)(27)

x = √(9)(9)(3)

x = 9√3
Therefore, the value of x is 9√3. 20
Example 2: Find the value of m and n.
m
Solution: In the figure, m and n are the legs the triangle. By
applying the property no. 2 of special right triangle, m and n
15
are the geometric mean between the segments of the
hypotenuse and the segment of the hypotenuse that is
adjacent to the leg. n

m = √(35)(20) n = √(35)(15)
m = √(700) n = √(525)
m = √(100)(7) n = √(25)(21)
m = 10√7 n = 5√21

Therefore, the value of m is 10√7 and n is 5√21.

6
 Notice that in the previous examples, we did not actually multiply the
numbers together, but kept them separate. This made it easier to simplify the
radicals.

Activity 1. Tell whether the given pairs of triangles are similar or not. Give the similarity
rule / criterion for similar triangles.

1.

102°
102° 29°
29°

2.
15 8
20
24

3. 8
5
79°
14 20

4.
12
8
10

15

5.
52
40 65
50

28
35

7
Activity 2. Solve for the indicated side in each figure.

1. x
4

10
2.
6
12

3. 21
9
y 15

4. 24
z

30
5.

20

8
Activity 3. Illustrate and solve the following problems.

1. Philip is 5 feet tall. His shadow is 8 feet long. At the same time of the day, a
tree casts a shadow of 32 feet. How tall is the tree?

̅̅̅̅̅ is drawn to hypotenuse 𝐿𝑁

2. In right ΔLMN, altitude 𝑀𝑃 ̅̅̅̅. How long is the altitude
if the segments of the hypotenuse are 12cm and 9cm?

Formative Test

Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. ABC is similar to XYZ. What is the perimeter of XYZ?

Y
B
9
8 6
10
A C X Z J
a. 24 b. 36 c. 48 d. 54 2 3
M N
x
2. If JKL and JMN are similar, what is the value of x? 4
a. 4 b. 5 c. 6 d. 7
K L
12
3. In the given figure at the right. How long is p?
a. 4√6 b. 5√6 c. 6√6 d. 7√6
s r
4. Using the same figure, how long is r?
p
a. 4√10 b. 5√10 c. 6√10 d. 7√10

5. Using the same figure, how long is s? 18 12

a. 4√15 b. 5√15 c. 6√15 d. 7√15

Answer Key

Activity 1 Activity 2 Activity 3

1. similar, AA rule 1. 3 1. 20 feet
2. not similar 2. 20 2. 6√3 cm
3. not similar 3. 20
4. similar, SAS rule 4. 8√3
5. similar, SSS rule 5. 10√10

References

Grade 9 Mathematics Learner’s Material pages 368 to 397

Online Resource: Similar Triangles obtained from

https://www.onlinemathlearning.com/similar-triangles.html
storyofmathematics.com/similar-triangles