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ಸುಲಲಿತ ಅರ್ಥಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ
ಸುಲಲಿತ ಅರ್ಥಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ
:
.
PASSING PACKAGE
I
II
III
5
5
IV
- 37 -
5
V
**********
- 38 -
I
] PX+P1X1=M ] M=P0X0 + PX
] P1X1+ P2X2=M ] Y= Mx+C
] P1X1+ P2X2=M
II
III
d(P)= a-bp
|ed| =1
IV
- 39 -
MRS
Marginal Rate of Substitution
V
MRS
MRS
5
- 40 -
=
Ped = x
VI
TU= MU1+MU2+MU3+......... MUn = TUn - TUn-1
5 5
Y Y
TU
0 äX 0 ä X
MU
'M'
P1 P2
X1 X2
P1X1+P2X2 M.
20 20 X Y
- 41 -
X Y 5
(0,0) (0,1) (0,2) (0,3) (0,4) ( 1,0) , (1,1), (1,2) , (1, 3) ( 2,0) ( 2,1) (2,2) ( 3,0) ( 3,1) and
( 4,0)
(0,4) ( 1,3) ( 2,2) ( 3,1) & ( 4,0)
Y
M/P 2
P1
X1
+P
2
X2
=M
TU
0 äX
M/P1
Y
IC1, IC2, IC3,IC4
- 42 -
VII
- 43 -
TU MU
1 12 12
2 18 6
3 22 4
4 24 2
5 24 0
6 22 2
Y
28
24
TUMU 20
TU
(TU & MU) 16
12
8
4
ä X
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
-4 MU
- 44 -
Y
A B
B C A
Y3
AB C Y2
B
C
Y1 IC
äX
X1 X2 X3
A 1 10
B 2 10
C 3 10
A
A
A IC1
B IC1
IC2 C IC2
0 X
- 45 -
IC3 C
Y
P
C
5) TC=
a] TVC b] TFC c] TFC + TVC d] AC + MC
c] TFC + TVC
- 47 -
II
U
AVC SMC AVC
5)
III
1) CRS ]
2) SAC ]
3) LRAC ]
4)TFC + TVC ]
5) SMC ] TC
Ans 1)-] , 2) - ], 3) -], 4)- ], 5)- ]
IV
5
V
- 48 -
IRS. CRS
DRS.
LRAC LRMC
OC RC
5
VI
X Y
Y
MRTS K2
IC 3
K1 q1=q2
B
q= q1
0 L L L ä X
1 2
- 49 -
IRS
5% 10%
CRD
5% 5%
DRS Y
R C
MP
5%
I
3 % D
X
I R=IRS 0
R C=CRS CD=DRS
LRAC
LRMC
Y
LRMC
IC2
LRAC LRMC
LRAC
LRAC
LRMC
LRAC
LRMC X
0
LRMC LRAC IRS CRSDRS
LRMC LRAC U
- 50 -
TPL 0 15 35 50 40 48
L 0 1 2 3 4 5 AP2MP2
L TP AP MP
0 0 0 0
1 15 15 15
2 35 17.5 20
3 50 16.6 15
4 40 10 -10
5 48 9.6 8
Note -AP MP
AFC=
AVC
AVC=
- 51 -
AC
AC=
MC
3) AVC = 4) SAC=
Y
TP TP
MP
TP
MP AP
AP
TP
TP
AP
AP MP X
00
V
MP
- 52 -
TP APMP
L1 MP OX
VIII
TP MP1 AP1
0 0 0 0
1 10 10 10
2 24 14 12
3 40 16 13.33
4 50 10 12.5
5 56 6 11.2
6 57 1 9.5
**********
I
es=1 es > 1 es=0 es< 1
es=0
II
- 53 -
SMC AVC
5)
III
1) MR ]
2) ]
3) AR ]
4) ] TR - TC
5) ] TR
Q
1)-] , 2) - ], 3) -], 4)- ], 5)- ]
IV
AR= TR
Q
5)
V
P=MC
P AVC P AC
SMC AVC
- 54 -
es =
VI
P=MC MC q0
P=MC MC q0
P AVC P AC
MR MC
MR=MC
P-MR P=MC P=MC
- 55 -
SMC AVC
VII 0
AVC (P AVC)
AVC
P1AVC Y 1 SMC
s b
V
V AVC
a
P2 AVC P2 P=AR
&
Q
AVC
P1 P=AR
SMC
SMC ab X X1
V
Q
V
- 56 -
Y1 Y1
s s
TR
AR=P
X X
➜ X1 Y ➜ X1
s S1 s S2 s SM
Price
P2
S2
P1 S1 SM
Q1 Q2
Q1+Q2=Q3
(a) _________ Quantity _______ (c)
(b)
S1S1+
S2S2
SM -SM
- 57 -
VIII
10
TR MR AR
0
1 TR= P x Q
2
3 AR=
4 MR = TRn- TRn-1
5
6
Quantity sold TR MR AR
0 0 0 0
1 10 10 10
2 20 10 10
3 30 10 10
4 40 10 10
5 50 10 10
6 60 10 10
AR=
**********
- 58 -
PASSING PACKAGE
PART -B
I
0 0
5
II
5
III
- 59 -
IV
**********
PART -B
I
NNP= GDP
GDP
GDP GDP
GDP NDP
GDP
- 60 -
II
5
III
1) ]
2) GDP ]
3) PDI ]
4) ]
1)- , 2) - ], 3) -], 4)- ]
IV
CPI
GNPMP
GDP
5
V
- 61 -
GDP)
GDP
GDP GDP
GDP
GDP GDP GDP
VI
A B
D C
- 62 -
A
B
C
- 63 -
VII 0
GDP
GDP= C+I+G+ (X-M)
NDP
NDP=GDP-
GNP
GNP = GDP +
NNP =
NNP= GNP -
PI
PDI
PDI= PI - T
GDP
GDP
A B A
50 B
B 200
GDP (OR)
(VA)= -
A B VAA= 50 -0 =50
50 200 VAB=200 -50 =150
0 50 GDP = VAA + VAB
50 150 = 50 + 150
= 200
GDP
GDP
GDP =200
GDP
A 50
B
- 64 -
90
GDP =
=+
= 80 +120
= 200
A B
20 60
30 90
**********
I
RBI NABARD RBD IDBI
RBI
RBI
5
RBI
II
RBI
5 M1 M2
- 65 -
III
1) SLR ]
2)
M3 M4
5
5
IV
5 CRR
Cash Reserve Ratio
RBI
RBI
V
CRR SLR
CRR
SLR
RBI
CRRSLR 5
5
- 66 -
RBI
RBI
RBI
VI
500 500
5
- 67 -
M3= M1+ TD M1
M4= M3 +
M1 M2 M3 M4
M1 M4
VII
5
- 68 -
rdrrdr
RBI
CRR SLR
CRR
RBI
CRR
SLR
SLR SLR
CRR SLR
RBI
RBI
RBI
RBI
RBI
RBI RBI
RBI
RBI
RBI
- 69 -
VIII
8-11-2016
500 1000
**********
- 70 -
PART -B
I
MPC
0
0 0
0
II
III
Y -C
IV
MPC
C= = MPC
V
- 71 -
=
VI
C
cY
cY
MPC
APC
MPC
MPC=
s
0
VII
MPC
= 10 + (0.8) 10+ (0.8)210+(0.8)3..........
= 10 + {1+ (0.8) + (0.8)2 + ( 0.8) 3...... }
Y= = = 50
0
j j j j j
©*l
©*l
PASSING PACKAGE
I
II
–––––––––––––
–––––––––––
–––––––––
III
5
IV
- 39 -
V
- 40 -
I
II
–––––––––
–––––––––
–––––––––
––––––––––––
III
d(P)= a-bp
|ed| =1
IV
- 41 -
MRS
V
MRS
5
- 42 -
VI
- 43 -
- 44 -
- 45 -
- 46 -
- 47 -
- 48 -
V
I
q= f(L, K) q= d(p) Y= f(x)
q= ( X, X) ( X1, X2) q = ( X1 x X2) q = (10)
5) TC=
a] TVC b] TFC c] TFC + TVC d] AC + MC
- 49 -
II
5)
III
1) CRS ]
2) SAC ] Long run average cost
3) LRAC ] Short run average costs
4)TFC + TVC ] Constant return to scale .
5) SMC ] TC
Ans
IV
- 50 -
5
VI
- 51 -
- 52 -
TPL 0 15 35 50 40 48
L 0 1 2 3 4 5 AP2MP2
L TP AP MP
0 0 0 0
1 15 15 15
2 35 17.5 20
3 50 16.6 15
4 40 10 -10
5 48 9.6 8
Note -
- 53 -
TVC, TC, AVC SAC
Q 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
SMC - 500 300 200 300 500 800
- 54 -
V
TP MP1 AP1
0 0 0 0
1 10 10 10
2 24 14 12
3 40 16 13.33
4 50 10 12.5
5 56 6 11.2
I
II
5)
- 55 -
III
1) MR ]
2) ] TR - TC
3) AR ]
4) ]
5) ]
IV
V
- 56 -
VI
P=MC MC 90
- 57 -
VII 0
- 58 -
- 59 -
V
10
TR MR AR
0 TR= P x Q
1
AR=
2
3 MR = TRn- TRn-1
4
5
6
- 60 -
PASSING PACKAGE
PART -B
I
0 0
5
II
5
III
- 61 -
II
PART -B
I
NNP= GDP
GDP
GDP GDP
GDP GDP
- 62 -
II
5
II
1) ]
2) GDP ]
3) LRAC ]
4) ]
IV
GDP
5
V
- 63 -
GDP)
GDP
VI
- 64 -
- 65 -
VII 0
GDP
- 66 -
I
RBI
5
RBI
II
5 M1 M2
- 67 -
III
1) SLR ]
2)
M1 M2
5
IV
5 CRR
V
CRR SLR
RBI
5
- 68 -
RBI
VI
RBI
- 69 -
VII
- 70 -
- 71 -
VIII
PART -B
I
MPC
0
0 0
- 72 -
II
III
Y -C
IV
MPC
V
VI
- 73 -
VII