Lockheed T-33

The Lockheed T-33 Shooting Star (or T-Bird)

is an American subsonic jet trainer. It was produced T-33 Shooting Star
by Lockheed and made its first flight in 1948. The T-
33 was developed from the Lockheed P-80/F-80
starting as TP-80C/TF-80C in development, then
designated T-33A. It was used by the U.S. Navy
initially as TO-2, then TV-2, and after 1962, T-
33B. The last operator of the T-33, the Bolivian Air
Force, retired the type in July 2017, after 44 years of
service.[1]

Contents
A demonstration T-33 in flight in 2016
Design and development Role Training aircraft
Operational history Manufacturer Lockheed
U.S. Air Force and U.S. Navy Designer Clarence "Kelly" Johnson
Military use by other nations
First flight 22 March 1948
Civilian use
Retired 31 July 2017 (Bolivian Air
Variants Force)
Canada Primary users United States Air Force

Other United States Navy

Japan Air Self Defense

Former operators
Force

Aircraft on display German Air Force

Notable accidents and incidents Produced 1948–1959

Specifications (T-33A) Number built 6,557

See also Developed from Lockheed P-80 Shooting

Star
References
Variants Lockheed T2V SeaStar

Bibliography
Canadair CT-133 Silver
External links Star
Developed into Lockheed F-94 Starfire

Boeing Skyfox
Design and development
The T-33 was developed from the Lockheed P-80/F-80 by lengthening the fuselage by slightly
more than 3  feet (1  m) and adding a second seat, instrumentation, and flight controls. It was
initially designated as a variant of the P-80/F-80, the TP-80C/TF-80C.[2]

Design work on the Lockheed P-80 began in 1943, with the first flight on 8 January 1944.
Following on the Bell P-59, the P-80 became the first jet fighter to enter full squadron service in
the United States Army Air Forces. As more advanced jets entered service, the F-80 took on
another role—training jet pilots. The two-place T-33 jet was designed for training pilots already
qualified to fly propeller-driven aircraft.

Originally designated the TF-80C, the T-33 made its first flight on 22 March 1948 with Lockheed
test pilot Tony LeVier at the controls. Production at Lockheed ran from 1948 to 1959. The US Navy
used the T-33 as a land-based trainer starting in 1949. It was designated the TV-2, but was
redesignated the T-33B in 1962. The Navy operated some ex-USAF P-80Cs as the TO-1, changed
to the TV-1 about a year later. A carrier-capable version of the P-80/T-33 family was subsequently
developed by Lockheed, eventually leading to the late 1950s to 1970s T2V-1/T-1A SeaStar. The two
TF-80C prototypes were modified as prototypes for an all-weather two-seater fighter variant,
which became the F-94 Starfire. A total of 6,557 T-33s were produced: 5,691 of them by Lockheed,
210 by Kawasaki, and 656 by Canadair.

Operational history

U.S. Air Force and U.S. Navy

The two-place T-33 proved suitable as an advanced trainer, and it has been used for such tasks as
drone director and target towing. The U.S. Air Force began phasing the T-33 out of front-line pilot
training duties in the Air Training Command in the early 1960s, as the Cessna T-37 Tweet and
Northrop T-38 Talon aircraft began replacing it for the Undergraduate Pilot Training (UPT)
program. The T-33 was used to train cadets from the Air Force Academy at Peterson Field (now
Peterson Air Force Base in Colorado Springs). The T-37 replaced the T-33 for Academy training in
1975. The final T-33 used in advanced training was replaced 8 February 1967 at Craig AFB,
Alabama.[3] Similar replacement also occurred in the U.S. Navy with the TV-1 (also renamed T-33
in 1962), as more advanced aircraft such as the North American T-2 Buckeye and Douglas TA-4
Skyhawk II came on line. USAF and USN versions of the T-33 soldiered on into the 1970s and
1980s with USAF and USN as utility aircraft and proficiency trainers, with some of the former
USN aircraft being expended as full-scale aerial targets for air-to-air missile tests from naval
aircraft and surface-to-air missile tests from naval vessels. Several T-33s were assigned to USAF
McDonnell F-101 Voodoo, Convair F-102 Delta Dagger, and Convair F-106 Delta Dart units, to
include similarly equipped Air National Guard units, of the Aerospace Defense Command as
proficiency trainers and practice "bogey" aircraft. Others later went to Tactical Air Command, and
TAC gained Air National Guard F-106 and McDonnell-Douglas F-4 Phantom II units in a similar
role until they were finally retired, with the last being an NT-33 variant retired in April 1997.

Military use by other nations

Some T-33s retained two machine guns for gunnery training, and in some countries, the T-33 was
even used in combat: the Cuban Air Force used them during the Bay of Pigs Invasion, scoring
several kills including sinking two transport ships. The RT-33A version, reconnaissance aircraft
produced primarily for use by foreign countries, had a camera installed in the nose and additional
equipment in the rear cockpit. T-33s continued to fly as currency trainers, drone towing, combat
and tactical simulation training, "hack" aircraft, electronic countermeasures, and warfare training
and test platforms right into the 1980s.

The T-33 has served with over 30 nations and continues to operate as a trainer in smaller air
forces. Canadair built 656 T-33s on licence for service in the RCAF—Canadian Forces as the CT-
133 Silver Star, while Kawasaki manufactured 210 in Japan. Other operators included Brazil,
Turkey, and Thailand, which used the T-33 extensively.
In the 1980s, an attempt was made to modify and modernize
the T-33 as the Boeing Skyfox, but a lack of orders led to the
project's cancellation. About 70% of the T-33's airframe was
retained in the Skyfox, but it was powered by two Garrett
AiResearch TFE731-3A turbofan engines.

In the late 1990s, 18 T-33 Mk-III and T-33 SF-SC from the
Bolivian Air Force went to Canada to be modernized at
Kelowna Flightcraft. New avionics were installed, and detailed
inspection and renewal of the fuselage and wings were United States Air Force Lockheed
performed. Most of the aircraft returned in early 2001 and RT-33 reconnaissance plane
remained operational until the type was officially retired on 31 forced down by Albanian MiG-15
July 2017.[4] in December 1957, on display in
Gjirokastër, Albania
On 21 June 1996, 1 T-33A-5-LO (trainer TR-602) from the
Hellenic Air Force piloted by Squadron Leader Ioannis
Kouratzoglou successfully intercepted a Turkish F-16C
violating Athens FIR by engaging in low-altitude high-G
maneuvers.[5]

Civilian use

A limited number of T-33s have been owned privately, with

two used by Boeing as chase aircraft. In 2010, one T-33 owned USAF Lockheed NT-33A
by Boeing was used as a chase aircraft during the maiden flight
of the Boeing 787.[6] The maiden flight of the Boeing 737 MAX-
7 on 16 March 2018 also featured a T-33 chase plane.[7] The maiden flight of the Boeing 777-9 on
January 25, 2020 also featured a T-33 chase plane, taking off from KBFI and meeting the 777-9 at
KPAE, it stopped at KMWH and it took off again to chase the 777-9 on its way back to KBFI, flying
around Mount Rainier before their landing.[8] On December 4, 2020, Boeing retired their T-33
Chase Planes after 66 years of service.[9] Both T-33s operated by Boeing were replaced by a single
T-38 Talon.[10] Actor and pilot Michael Dorn owned a T-33.[11]

Variants
TP-80C
Original United States military designation for the Lockheed Model 580 two-seat
trainer for the United States Army Air Forces. Designation changed to TF-80C on 11
June 1948 following establishment of the United States Air Force as a separate
military service in 1947, and then to T-33A on 5 May 1949; 20 built.
T-33A
Two-seat jet trainer aircraft for the United States Air Force and delivery to foreign air
forces under the Military Assistance Program, 5871 including 699 diverted to the
United States Navy as the TV-2.
AT-33A
Conversions of the T-33A for export as a close support variant fitted with underwing
pylons and hard points for bombs and rockets. Also used in the original fighter lead-
in program at Cannon AFB, NM approximately 1972-1975.
DT-33A
This designation was given to a number of T-33As converted into drone directors.
NT-33A
 This designation was given to a number of T-33As converted into special test aircraft.
QT-33A
This designation was given to number of T-33As converted into aerial target drones
for the United States Navy.
RT-33A
T-33A modified before delivery as a single-seat reconnaissance variant; 85 built,
mainly for export under the Military Assistance Program.
T-33B
Re-designation of the United States Navy TV-2 in 1962.
DT-33B
Re-designation of the United States Navy TV-2D drone director in 1962.
DT-33C
Re-designation of the United States Navy TV-2KD target in 1962
TO-1/TV-1
U.S. Navy designation of P-80C, 50 transferred to USN in 1949 as jet trainers (not
technically T-33 Shooting Star)
TO-2
United States Navy designation for 649 T-33As diverted from USAF production. Two-
seat land-based jet training aircraft for the U.S. Navy. First 28 were delivered as TO-2s
before the Navy changed the designation to TV-2. Surviving United States Navy and
United States Marine Corps aircraft were re-designated T-33B on 18 September
1962.[12]
TV-2
Re-designation of the TO-2 after the first 28 were built.
TV-2D
TV-2s modified as drone directors, later re-designated DT-33B.
TV-2KD
TV-2s modified as radio-controlled targets, could be flown as a single-seater for ferry,
later re-designated DT-33C.

Canada

Silver Star Mk 1
Canadian designation for the T-33A, 20 delivered.
Silver Star Mk 2
Canadian designation for a T-33A which became the prototype of the Silver Star Mk
3.
T-33AN/CT-133 Silver Star Mk 3
The T-33AN is a Rolls-Royce Nene-powered variant of the T-33A for the Royal
Canadian Air Force; 656 built by Canadair with the company designation CL-30. The
Canadian military designation was later changed from T-33AN to CT-133.

Other

L-245
One Lockheed-owned prototype with a more powerful engine. Was later developed
into the T2V SeaStar.[13]
Aérospatiale Pégase
 A Canadair T-33AN was modified by Aérospatiale with an S17a 17% thickness wing
section.[14]
Boeing Skyfox
A comprehensive upgrade and re-engine project, powered by 2 Garrett TFE-731
turbofans. The sole prototype remains parked, without engines, at Rogue Valley
International (MFR) at Medford, Oregon.

Former operators
For operators of Canadian-built aircraft refer to Canadair CT-
133 Silver Star.

 Bangladesh

Bangladesh Air Force (1 × RT-33 operated from 1972.

Leftover of Pakistan Air Force after Bangladesh
Liberation War.)
T-33 of the Belgian Air Force
 Belgium

Belgian Air Force (38 × T-33A, 1 × RT-33A operated

from 1952)

 Bolivia

Bolivian Air Force - Bolivia acquired 15 T-33AN from

Canada in 1973–74, purchasing 5 more from Canada in
1977 and 18 T-33SFs from France in 1985.[15] 18 were
upgraded to T-33-2000 standard in 2000–2001.[16]
T-33 of the Taiwan Air Force at
Retired in 2017.[17]
Hsinchu Air Base 2012.

 Brazil

Brazilian Air Force

 Burma

Burmese Air Force – 15 x AT-33A for use as trainers

and close air support.[18]

 Canada
A T-33 Shooting Star of the
Royal Canadian Air Force Hellenic Air Force
Royal Canadian Navy

VU-32 Utility Squadron

Canadian Forces
National Research Council

 Chile
Chilean Air Force

 Republic of China

Republic of China Air Force

 Colombia

Colombian Air Force T-33A of the Mexican Air Force

 Cuba

Cuban Air Force

 Denmark

Royal Danish Air Force[19]

 Dominican Republic T-33 Portuguese Air Force

Dominican Air Force – AT-33A

 Ethiopia

Ethiopian Air Force[20]

 Ecuador

Ecuadorian Air Force – AT-33A

T-33 of the Republic of Korea Air
Force
 El Salvador

Salvadoran Air Force

 France

French Air Force – 163 x T-33A and RT-33A (also 61

Canadian-built T-33AN)

 Germany

German Air Force 192 x T-33A T-33 of the Spanish Air Force

 Greece

Hellenic Air Force – T-33A, RT-33A, and Canadian-built AT-33ANs

 Guatemala

Guatemalan Air Force

 Honduras
Honduran Air Force – T-33A and RT-33A

 Indonesia

Indonesian Air Force – T-33A

 Iran

Imperial Iranian Air Force

T-33 of the Philippine Air Force
Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force

 Italy

Italian Air Force operated 60 Lockheed T-33A and 14

Lockheed RT-33A from 1952 until 1982[21]

 Japan (all retired)

Japan Air Self Defense Force T-33A – assembled and

later manufactured by Kawasaki Heavy Industries Indonesian Air Force T-33A
Aerospace Company from 1956.[22]

Tactical Fighter Training Group (1981–1992)

3rd Tactical Fighter Squadron (1956–1992)
6th Tactical Fighter Squadron (1959–1992)
8th Tactical Fighter Squadron (1959–1992)
201st Tactical Fighter Squadron (1963–1974, 1986–
T-33 belonging to the former
1994) Imperial Iranian Air Force (IIAF)
202nd Tactical Fighter Squadron (1964–1992)
203rd Tactical Fighter Squadron (1964–1992)
204th Tactical Fighter Squadron (1964–1993)
301st Tactical Fighter Squadron (1973–1993)
302nd Tactical Fighter Squadron (1974–1994)
303rd Tactical Fighter Squadron (1976–1994)
304th Tactical Fighter Squadron (1977–1993)
305th Tactical Fighter Squadron (1978–1993)
T-33 of French Air Force in 1980
306th Tactical Fighter Squadron (1981–1994)
on the Air Base 705 of Tours

 Libya

Royal Libyan Air Force – two T-33As donated by the United States.[23]

 Mexico

Mexican Air Force – 50 units AT-33A

 Netherlands

Royal Netherlands Air Force – 60 × T-33A, 3 × RT-33A

 Nicaragua

Nicaraguan Air Force FAN received delivery of four AT-

33A aircraft from the US Government after the failed
Bay of Pigs invasion in 1961. Retired from service in
1979.

 Norway

Royal Norwegian Air Force T-33 in Saudi Arabia

 Pakistan

Pakistan Air Force – T-33A, RT-33A

 Paraguay

Paraguayan Air Force operated six AT-33A donated by

Taiwan in 1990. The belonged to the Grupo T-33A of the Japan Air Self-
Aerotáctico (GAT) 2nd. Fighter Squadron called Defense Force
"Indios". They were withdrawn from use in 1998.

 Peru

Peruvian Air Force

 Philippines

Philippine Air Force T-33 of the Uruguayan Air

Force
 Portugal

Portuguese Air Force T-33A and one RT-33A (all retired)

 Saudi Arabia

Royal Saudi Air Force[24]

 Singapore

Republic of Singapore Air Force: 12 x Former French Air Force T-33A delivered in 1980,
followed by 8 more in 1982.[25]

 South Korea

Republic of Korea Air Force: T-33A is First introduction Time: August, 1955. It also
served with the ROKAF Black Eagles aerobatic team

 Spain

Spanish Air Force – 60 × T-33A

  Thailand

Royal Thai Air Force

 Turkey

Turkish Air Force – T-33A and RT-33A[26]

 United States

Boeing Commercial Airplanes (two Canadair CT-133 Silver Stars, N109X and N416X)[27]
United States Air Force
United States Navy
United States Marine Corps[12]

 Uruguay

Uruguayan Air Force operated 13 AT-33A-1s from 1956 to 1997.[28]

 Yugoslavia

Yugoslav Air Force – Operated 125 Shooting Stars in four variants: 25 T-33A, 22 RT-33A,
70 TV-2, and 8 TT-33A[29]

Aircraft on display
Numerous T-33s have been preserved as museum and commemorative displays.

Notable accidents and incidents

4 June 1957
Maj. Teruhiko Kobayashi, a flying ace of the Imperial Japanese Air Force, was flying a
T-33 on a training sortie from Hamamatsu when a technical problem occurred just
shortly after takeoff. He ordered his companion in the jet with him to eject. After his
companion did, he tried to take control of the aircraft and attempted to land it away
from any populated areas, but crashed shortly after.

24 March 1958
Lt Col. Jacob E. Manch, a member of the Doolittle Raiders during World War 2, was
killed in a T-33 jet trainer accident outside of Las Vegas, NV. He ordered the second
crewmember to bail out and guided his powerless aircraft over a neighborhood, that
included an elementary school, avoiding potential casualties on the ground. When he
finally ejected, his parachute did not have sufficient time to properly operate, and he
died when he hit the ground.[30]

20 May 1958
An Air National Guard Lockheed T-33A was involved in a mid-air collision with Capital
Airlines Flight 300, a Vickers Viscount, over Brunswick, Maryland.

19 September 1968
 A Chilean Air Force T-33A crewed by Sub-lieutenant Jorge Emberg and Second
Lieutenant René Catalán crashed shortly after take off from El Bosque Air Base due to
an engine failure.[31] Emberg managed to eject safely but Catalán and six people on
the ground died when the aircraft crashed on the Santa Erna neighborhood.[32]

20 August 1971
On 20 August 1971, Pilot Officer Rashid Minhas was scheduled to fly a Lockheed T-33
jet trainer from PAF Base Masroor in Karachi. Bir Sreshtho Matiur Rahman, an
instructor pilot,[33] saw Minhas about to take off and joined him via the instructor's
seat.[34] Rahman then attempted to hijack the T-33 in midair, intending to fly the
plane to India, defect, and join the Bangladesh Liberation War and fight for his
motherland. Minhas sent a message to control tower that he has been hijacked
before being tackling down and knocked unconscious. Pakistan Air Force Scrambled
F-86 Sabre jets but they could not find Matiur. In the meantime Rashid came to
consciousness and there was a struggle between the two pilots and the plane
crashed in Pakistan, 40 kilometers from the Indian border, killing both pilots; the
precise cause of the crash is unknown.[35]

Specifications (T-33A)
Data from Lockheed Aircraft since 1913[36]

General characteristics

Crew: 2
Length: 37 ft 9 in (11.51 m)
Wingspan: 38 ft 10.5 in (11.849 m)
Height: 11 ft 8 in (3.56 m)
Wing area: 234.8 sq ft (21.81 m2)
Airfoil: NACA 65-213[37]
Empty weight: 8,365 lb (3,794 kg)
Gross weight: 12,071 lb (5,475 kg)
Max takeoff weight: 15,061 lb (6,832 kg)
Powerplant: 1 × Allison J33-A-35 centrifugal flow turbojet engine, 5,400 lbf (24 kN)
thrust for take-off with water injection

4,600 lbf (20,461.82 N) maximum continuous, dry

Performance

Maximum speed: 600 mph (970 km/h, 520 kn) at sea level

Cruise speed: 455 mph (732 km/h, 395 kn)
Range: 1,275 mi (2,052 km, 1,108 nmi)
Service ceiling: 48,000 ft (15,000 m)
Rate of climb: 4,870 ft/min (24.7 m/s)

Armament

 Hardpoints: 2 with a capacity of 2,000 lb (907 kg) of bombs or rockets (AT-33)

See also
Related development

Boeing Skyfox
Canadair CT-133 Silver Star
Lockheed F-94 Starfire
Lockheed P-80 Shooting Star
Lockheed T2V/T-1A Seastar

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era

Northrop T-38 Talon

North American T-2 Buckeye
Shenyang JJ-1
Aermacchi MB-326

Related lists

List of Lockheed aircraft

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External links
T-33 in Mexican Air Force (https://web.archive.org/web/20100701080656/http://www.v
uelolibre.tv/index.php/programas-anteriores/477-vuelo-libre-t33)
AeroWeb: T-33s on display list (https://web.archive.org/web/20080213085614/http://w
ww.aero-web.org/locator/manufact/lockheed/t-33.htm)
Warbird Alley: T-33 page (http://www.warbirdalley.com/tbird.htm)
Walkaround T-33 Shooting Star (Eskishehir, Turkey) (http://scalemodels.ru/modules/ph
oto/viewcat_cid_181.html)
Pictures of the T-33 at Oak Meadow Park, (Los Gatos, CA) (http://www.waymarking.co
m/waymarks/WMK0P)
Brief T-33 History on Air Mobility Command Museum Site with photo of display T-33 at
Dover AFB, DE (http://amcmuseum.org/at-the-museum/aircraft/t-33a-shooting-star/)

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