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Portafolio de Calculo 1
Portafolio de Calculo 1
= 〖(2)〗^2(√(2 + 2) + 2)
= 4(√4 + 2)
= 4(2 + 2)
= 4(4)
= 16
= 2/(√(2(0)^2 + 1) + 1)
= 2/(√1 + 1)
= 2/(1 + 1) = 2/2
=1
= (3 − √9)/6
= (3 − 3)/6 = 0/0
=0
= lim┬(𝑥 → 4) 〖(3 − √(5 + 𝑥))/(1 − √(5 − 𝑥))〗 ∙ (1 + √(5 − 𝑥))/(1 + √(5 − 𝑥))
= lim┬(𝑥 → 4) 〖(3 − √(5 + 𝑥))(1 + √(5 − 𝑥))/(1 − (5 − 𝑥))〗 ∙ (3 + √(5 + 𝑥))/(3
+ √(5 + 𝑥))
= (−2)/6
= (−1)/3
PRACTICA 01-04
• lim┬(𝑥 → −∞) 〖𝑥/√(𝑥^2 − 𝑥)〗
Comprobación:
(= lim)┬(𝑥 → −∞) 〖(𝑥/𝑥)/(√(𝑥^2 − 𝑥)/𝑥)〗 𝑥 −∞ −∞
lim = =
√𝑥〗− 𝑥→−∞
𝑥 √(−∞) − ∞ < 0 2 2 ∞
(= lim)┬(𝑥 → −∞) 〖(𝑥/𝑥)/(√(𝑥^2 − 𝑥)/(−√(𝑥^2))) 𝑦𝑎𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑥
= −√(𝑥^2) = 𝐼𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑑𝑎
= 1/(−√(1 − 0))
= 1/(−√1)
= 1/(−1)
= -1
= (−1 − 0 + 0)/(1 − 0 + 0)
= (−1)/1
= -1
= −√(1 − 0)/(1 + 0)
= −1/1
= −1
= (4 + 0)/(2 + 0)
= 4/2
=2
= (2 + 0)/(−√(1 + 0))
= −2
Solución:
Multiplicamos por el conjugado del numerador:
= 〖(−4)/(−√1 − √1)〗
= 〖(−4)/(−1 − 1)〗
= 〖(−4)/(−2)〗
=2
= (2 + 0)/√(1 + 0)
= 2
= (2 + 0)/(−√(1 + 0))
= −2
• (𝐥𝐢𝐦)┬(𝒙 → ∞)(√(𝒙 + 𝟐) − 𝒙)
= (1 + 0 − 𝑥)/(√0 + 1)
= (1 + 0 − ∞)/(0 + 1)
= (−∞)/(1)
= −∞
= −∞
=(√4)/(1)
=(2)/(1)
=2
= (−5)/(√(1 − 5/𝑥) + 1)
= (−5)/(√(1 − 0) + 1)
= (−5)/(1 + 1)
= −5/2
= 2/3 ∙ 1 ∙ 1 ∙ 1
= 2/3
= lim┬(𝑥 → 0)(2cos(4𝑥))
= 2(1)
=2
= 16(1)^2 ∙ 1/(1 + 1)
= 16 ∙ 1/2
= 8
PRACTICA 20-04
2𝑥 − 1,𝑥 < 0
1
• 𝑓(𝑥) = {𝑥−1 ,0 ≤ 𝑥 < 1
2𝑥 + 1,𝑥 ≥ 1
2𝑥 − 1 1 2𝑥 + 1
𝑥−1
0 1
𝑥=0
• 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 1
𝑓(0) = 2(0) − 1 = 0 − 1 = 1
1 1 1
• lim = 0−1 = −1 = −1
𝑥→0+ 𝑥−1
lim 2𝑥 − 1 = 2(0) − 1 = 0 − 1 = −1
𝑥→0−
La función es discontinua en 𝒙 = 𝟎
𝑥=1
1 1 1
• 𝑓(1) = 𝑥−1 = 1−1 = 0 = ∞
• lim 2𝑥 + 1 = 2(1) + 1 = 2 + 2 = 3
𝑥→1+
1 1 1
lim− = = = =∞
𝑥→1 𝑥−1 1−1 0
𝑓(0) = (0)2 − 1
= 0−1
= −1
𝑥 2 −25
,𝑥 ≠ 5
• { 𝑥−5
11,𝑥 = 5
𝑓(11) = 5
𝑥 2 −25
lim−
𝑥→5 𝑥−5
𝑥 2 − 25
lim =
𝑥→5 𝑥−5
(𝑥 − 5)(𝑥 + 5)
=
𝑥−5
=𝑥+5
= 5 + 5
= 10
La función es discontinua de salto cuando 𝒙 = 𝟓
𝑥 + 1,𝑥 < 2
• 𝑓(𝑥) = {
2𝑥 − 1,𝑥 ≥ 2
𝑓(2) = 𝑥 + 1 = 2 + 1 = 3
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim 𝑥 + 1 = 2 + 1 = 3
𝑥→2+ 𝑥→2
𝐷 = (𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 1)
𝐷 = ℝ − {−1,1}
• GN=GD
𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 2
= lim
𝑥→∞ 𝑥2 − 1
𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 2
= lim 𝑥2
𝑥→∞ 2
𝑥 −1
𝑥2
3 2 y
1−𝑥+ 2
= lim 𝑥
𝑥→∞ 1
1− 2
𝑥
1−0+0
=
1−0
1
=
1 1
=1
x
𝑦=1 -1
1
,𝑥 <0
• 𝑓(𝑥) = { 𝑥
𝑥 2 − 1,𝑥 ≥ 0
𝑓(0) = (0)2 − 1 = −1
1 1
lim− = = ∞
𝑥→0 𝑥 0
lim 𝑥 2 − 1 = (0)2 − 1 = −1
𝑥→0+
Las funciones son continuas en todos los números reales excepto en 𝑥 = 0 por lo tanto, es una discontinuidad
infinita.
2𝑥 + 1, 𝑥<2
18)𝑓(𝑥) = { 2
𝑥 + 1, 𝑥≥2
𝑓(2) = (2)2 + 1 = 5
Es continua en 𝑥 = 2
√𝑥 2 + 1
8)𝑓(𝑥) =
𝑥−3
Dominio: ℝ − {3}
√𝑥 2 + 1 √10
lim+ = =∞
𝑥→3 𝑥−3 0 y
√𝑥 2 + 1 √10
lim = = −∞
𝑥→3− 𝑥−3 0
2
𝑥=3
1
√ 𝑥2 + 1
√𝑥 2
+1 𝑥2 1
lim = = =1 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 x
𝑥→∞ 𝑥 − 3 𝑥 − 3 1−0
𝑥
1
√ 𝑥2 + 1
2
√𝑥 + 1 1
𝑥2
lim = = =1 -2
𝑥→−∞ 𝑥 − 3 𝑥 − 3 1−0
𝑥
𝑦=1
𝑥 2 +1
• 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥+3
Dominio: 𝑥 + 3 = 0
𝑥 = −3
Dominio:ℝ − {−3}
𝑥 2 + 1 10
lim − = = −∞
𝑥→−3 𝑥 + 3 0
2
𝑥 + 1 10
lim = = +∞
𝑥→−3+ 𝑥 + 3 0
𝑥2 + 1 1
𝑓(𝑥) 𝑥2 + 1 2 1+ 2
lim = 2 = 𝑥 = 𝑥 = 1 → 𝑚2
𝑥→∞ 𝑥 𝑥 + 3𝑥 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 1+𝑥
3
𝑥2
−3𝑥 + 1 1
𝑥2 + 1 𝑥 2 + 1 − 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 −3𝑥 + 1 𝑥 −1 + 𝑥
lim [ − 𝑥] = = = = = −3 → 𝑏2
𝑥→∞ 𝑥 + 3 𝑥+3 𝑥+3 𝑥+3 3
𝑥 1 + 𝑥
• 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑏 y
𝑦 =𝑥−3
Por lo tanto, la recta 𝑦 = 𝑥 − 3,
es la asíntota oblicua de la 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥)
-3 3 x
-3
𝑥 2 − 3,𝑥 < 1
• 𝑓(𝑥) = {−2𝑥,1 ≤ 𝑥 < 3
𝑥 + 3,𝑥 ≥ 3
𝑥2 − 3 −2𝑥 𝑥+3
1 3
• Para 𝑥 = 1
𝑓(1) = −2
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim−𝑥 2 − 3 = (1)2 − 1 = −2
𝑥→1− 𝑥→1
La función es continua en 𝑥 = 1
• Para 𝑥 = 3
𝑓(3) = 6
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim− − 2𝑥 = −2(3) = −6
𝑥→3− 𝑥→3
La función es discontinua en 𝑥 = 3
Por lo tanto, la función es continua en todos los números reales excepto en 𝒙 = 𝟑, por lo que es una
discontinuidad de salto.
𝑥 + 5,𝑥 ≤ −2
• 𝑓(𝑥) = {𝑥 2 − 1, −2 < 𝑥 ≤ 1
𝑥 + 2,𝑥 > 1
𝑥+5 𝑥2 − 1 𝑥+2
-2 1
• 𝑥 = −2
𝑓(−2) = 𝑥 + 5 = −2 + 5 = 3
lim 𝑥 2 − 1 = (−2)2 − 1 = 4 − 1 = 3
𝑥→−2+
lim 𝑥 + 5 = −2 + 5 = 3
𝑥→−2−
La función es continua en 𝑥 = −2
• 𝑥=1
𝑓(1) = 𝑥 2 − 1 = 1 − 1 = 0
lim 𝑥 + 2 = 1 + 2 = 3
𝑥→1+
lim 𝑥 2 − 1 = 1 − 1 = 0
𝑥→1−
• lim ≠ lim−discontinua en 𝑥 = 1
𝑥→1+ 𝑥→1
• 𝑓(1) = lim−
𝑥→1
• 𝑥 = 1es discontinuidad salto infinito
• 𝒇(𝒙) = {█(𝒙^𝟐 − 𝟒, 𝒙 < 𝟐@𝒂@𝒂@𝒂@𝒙 + 𝟒, 𝟐 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝟒@𝒂@𝒂@𝒂@𝒙^𝟐 + 𝟒,
𝒙 > 𝟒)┤
Solución:
Parax = 2 Parax = 4
𝑓(2) = 𝑥 + 4 𝑓(4) = 𝑥 + 4
𝑓(2) = 2 + 4 𝑓(4) = 4 + 4
𝒇(𝟐) = 𝟔 𝒇(𝟒) = 𝟖
=4−4 =4+4 =𝟖 = 16 + 4
=𝟎 =𝟖 = 𝟐𝟎
Solución:
Parax = −1 Parax = 1
𝑓(−1) = |3 − 𝑥| 𝑓(1) = |3 − 𝑥|
𝑓(−1) = |3 + 1| 𝑓(1) = |3 − 1|
𝒇(−𝟏) = 𝟒 𝒇(𝟏) = 𝟐
= 3 − |−1| = 3 − | − 1 − 1| = |3 − 1| = 3 − |1 − 1|
=𝟐 =3−2 =𝟑
=𝟏
Solución:
Parax = −2 Parax = 2
𝒇(−𝟐) = 𝟐 𝒇(𝟐) = 𝟐
𝑥3 − 8 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 4
lim = lim
𝑥→−2 𝑥 2 − 4 𝑥→−2 𝑥+2
(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 4) (2)2 + 2(2) + 4
= lim =
𝑥→−2 (𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 + 2) 2+2
𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 4 4+4+4
= lim =
𝑥→−2 𝑥+2 4
12
(−2)2 + 2(−2) + 4 =
= 4
−2 + 2
4−4+4 =𝟑
=
0
4
=
0
=∞
Solución:
Parax = 0 Parax = 1
1 𝑓(1) = 2𝑥 + 1
𝑓(0) =
𝑥−1 𝑓(1) = 2(1) + 1
1
𝑓(0) = 𝒇(𝟏) = 𝟑
0−1
𝒇(𝟎) = −𝟏
1 lim 2𝑥 + 1
lim− 2𝑥 − 1 1 lim− 𝑥→1+
𝑥→0 lim+ 𝑥→1 𝑥−1
𝑥→0 𝑥 − 1 = 2(1) + 1
= 2(0) − 1 1
1 =
= 1−1 =𝟑
=0−1 0−1
1
= −𝟏 = −𝟏 =
0
=∞
∜𝑥 = ±∜16
𝑥 = ±2
𝑥 = 2𝑥 = −2
𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑥 = 2 𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑥 = −2
lim┬(𝑥 → 2) 〖(𝑥^2 − 2𝑥 + 1)/(𝑥^4 − 16)〗 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 1
lim
𝑥→−2 𝑥 4 − 16
= ((〖2)〗^2 − 2(2) + 1)/(2^4 − 16)
(−2)2 − 2(−2) + 1
= (4 − 4 + 1)/(16 − 16) =
−24 − 16
= 1/0 4+4+1
=
𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑢𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑒𝑛𝑥 = 2 16 − 16
9
=
0
𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑒𝑛𝑥 = −2
• 𝑓(𝑥)(𝑥 − 7)/(2𝑥^2 − 13𝑥 − 7)
2𝑥^2 − 13𝑥 − 7 = 0
2𝑥^2 + 𝑥 − 14𝑥 − 7 = 0
𝑥(2𝑥 + 1) − 7(2𝑥 + 1) = 0
(2𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 7) = 0
2𝑥 + 1 = 0 𝑥−7=0
2𝑥 = −1 𝑥=7
𝑥 = −1/2
𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑥 = −1/2
1 1 1
𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑒𝑛𝑥 = −1/2 = =
2𝑥 + 1 2(7) + 1 14 + 1
1
= ∄
15
𝑓(𝑥) = {█(0, &𝑥 < 0@𝑥^(1/𝑥), &𝑥 > 0)┤ 1
𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑎𝑒𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒(7, )
15
𝐸𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑥 = 0
𝐼𝑧𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑒𝑟𝑑𝑎 𝐷𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎
𝑓(𝑥) = 0 lim┬(𝑥 → 0^+) 〖𝑓(𝑥) = lim┬(𝑥 →
0^+)𝑥^(1/𝑥)〗
= 〖(0)〗^(1/0)
= 0𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑑𝑎
𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑎𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑎𝑙𝑡𝑜
= 𝟏/𝟐(√(𝒙 + 𝟏))
• 𝑓(𝑥) = 10𝑥/3𝑥
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛:
𝑓’(𝑥) = lim┬(ℎ → 0) 〖(𝑓(𝑥 + ℎ) − 𝑓(𝑥))/ℎ〗
= lim┬(ℎ → 0) 〖(30𝑥 − 3𝑥^2 − 3𝑥ℎ − 30𝑥 + 3𝑥^2 − 30ℎ + 3𝑥ℎ)/ℎ(3𝑥 + 3ℎ)(3𝑥)〗
𝑓’(𝑥) = (−10)/(3𝑥^2)
= (𝑥 + 1)/(𝑥^2 + 2𝑥)^(1/2)
• 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥^3 − 2𝑥
𝑓´(𝑥)(= lim)┬(ℎ
→ 0) 〖(𝑥^3 + 3𝑥^2. ℎ + 3𝑥. ℎ^2 + ℎ^3 − 2𝑥 − 2ℎ − 𝑥^3
+ 2𝑥)/ℎ〗
𝑓´(𝑥) = 〖3𝑥^2〗 − 2
1) La ecuación de desplazamiento de una partícula en función de tiempo (s) está
dado por s(t)=3t2 – t + 3 donde (s) está dado en metros
= 18 + 3(0) − 1
= 17𝑚 ⁄ 𝑠
c) Determine la velocidad instantánea de la partícula en cualquier instante t
𝑉 = lim┬(ℎ → 0) 〖(3〖(𝑡 + ℎ)〗^2 − (𝑡 + ℎ) + 3 − (3𝑡^2 − 𝑡 + 3))/ℎ〗
= 6𝑡 + 3(0) − 1
= 6𝑡 − 1
= 1/(3(〖∛(𝑥 + 2))〗^2)
• 𝑓(𝑥) = 1/(3𝑥 − 2)
𝑓´(𝑥) = lim┬(ℎ → 0) 〖(𝑓(𝑥 + ℎ) − 𝑓(𝑥))/ℎ〗
𝑓´(𝑥) = lim┬(ℎ → 0) 〖(1/(3(𝑥 + ℎ) − 2) − 1/(3𝑥 − 2))/ℎ〗
𝑓´(𝑥) = lim┬(ℎ → 0) 〖((3𝑥 − 2 − 3𝑥 − 3ℎ + 2))/(ℎ(3𝑥 + 3ℎ − 2)(3𝑥 − 2))〗
𝑓´(𝑥) = lim┬(ℎ → 0) 〖(−3ℎ)/(ℎ(3𝑥 + 3ℎ − 2)(3𝑥 − 2))〗
𝑓(𝑥) = (−3)/((3𝑥 + 3(0) − 2)(3𝑥 − 2))
𝑓(𝑥) = (−3)/(3𝑥 − 2)(3𝑥 − 2) = (−3)/〖(3𝑥 − 2)〗^2
• 𝑓(𝑥) = 1/(𝑥 + 1)
𝑓´(𝑥) = lim┬(ℎ → 0) 〖(1/(𝑥 + ℎ + 1) − 1/(𝑥 + 1))/ℎ〗
𝑓´(𝑥) = lim┬(ℎ → 0) 〖((1(𝑥 + 1) − 1(𝑥 + ℎ + 1))/((𝑥 + ℎ + 1)(𝑥 + 1)))/ℎ〗
𝑓´(𝑥) = lim┬(ℎ → 0) 〖((𝑥 + 1 − 𝑥 − ℎ − 1)/((𝑥 + ℎ + 1)(𝑥 + 1)))/ℎ〗
𝑓´(𝑥) = lim┬(ℎ → 0) 〖((−ℎ)/((𝑥 + ℎ + 1)(𝑥 + 1)))/ℎ〗
𝑓´(𝑥) = (−1)/((𝑥 + ℎ + 1)(𝑥 + 1))
𝑓(𝑥) = (−1)/((𝑥 + 0 + 1)(𝑥 + 1))
𝑓(𝑥) = (−1)/(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 + 1) = (−1)/〖(𝑥 + 1)〗^2
• 𝑓(𝑥) = 4 − 𝑥 + 2𝑥^2
𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥^2 − 𝑥 + 4
= 4𝑥 + 2(0) − 1
= 4𝑥 + 0 − 1
= 4𝑥 − 1
• 𝑓(𝑥) = √(1 − 3𝑥)
= −3/(2√(1 − 3𝑥))
• 𝐟(𝐱) = (𝐱 − 𝟏)/(𝐱 + 𝟏)
Evaluamos en x+h
𝐹(𝑥 + ℎ) = (𝑥 + ℎ + 1)/(𝑥 + ℎ + 1)
Ahora sustituimos los valores en: (𝑙𝑖𝑚)┬(ℎ → 0) = ((𝐹(𝑥 + ℎ) − 𝐹(𝑥))/ℎ)
𝐹^′(𝑥) = (𝑙𝑖𝑚)┬(𝑛 → 0)((𝑥 + ℎ − 1 − 𝑥 − 1)/𝑥_((+ℎ + 1 − 𝑥 + 1)/ℎ))
Ahora transformando la ecuación ya que es indeterminado, resolviendo con cada
numerador sobre el mínimo común denominador:
(𝑙𝑖𝑚)┬(𝑛 → 0)((𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 + 𝑛 − 1)(𝑥 − 1)/((𝑥𝑓ℎ + 1)(𝑥 + 1)/𝑛))
Resolviendo y simplificando:
(𝑙𝑖𝑚)┬(𝑏 → 0)(((𝑥^2 + 𝑥ℎ + ℎ − 1 − 𝑥^2 − 𝑥ℎ + ℎ + 1)/(𝑥 + ℎ + 1)(𝑥 + 1)))/ℎ
• 𝐹(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 2/𝑥
Evaluando en x + h:
𝐹(𝑥 + ℎ) = 𝑥 + ℎ_(+2/(𝑥 + ℎ))
Sustituyendo en :
(𝑙𝑖𝑚)┬(ℎ → 0)((𝐹(𝑥 + ℎ) − 𝐹(𝑥))/ℎ)
• 𝐹(𝑥) = 4𝑥^2 − 12
Evaluando en x+h:
𝐹(𝑥 + ̇ℎ) = 4(𝑥 + ℎ)^2 − 12
Sustituyendo los valores en: (𝑙𝑖𝑚)┬(ℎ → 0)((𝐹(𝑥 + ℎ) − 𝐹(𝑥))/ℎ)
PRACTICA 04-05
• 𝑓(𝑥) = (4𝑥^3 − 2)(4𝑥^2 + 2)𝑅𝑒𝑔𝑙𝑎6
𝑓’(𝑥) = (4𝑥^3 − 2)’(4𝑥^2 + 2) + (4𝑥^3 − 2)(〖4𝑥〗^2 + 2)’
𝑓’(𝑥) = [(4𝑥)^3 − (2)]’(4𝑥^2 + 2) + (4𝑥^3 − 2)[(4𝑥^2) + (2)]’𝑅𝑒𝑔𝑙𝑎2𝑦1
𝑓’(𝑥) = [12𝑥^2 − 0](4𝑥^2 + 2) + (4𝑥^3 − 2)[8𝑥 + 0]
𝑓’(𝑥) = 48𝑥^4 + 24𝑥^2 + 32𝑥^4 − 16𝑥
𝑓’(𝑥) = 80𝑥^4 + 24𝑥^2 − 16𝑥
= 9/(2∜(〖(2𝑥 − 5)〗^7))
• f (x) = 𝑥/∛(2𝑥 − 1)
f ´ (x) = 𝑥/((2𝑥 − 1)^(1/3))
= ((𝑥)^1(2𝑥
− 1)^(1/3) − (𝑥)(2𝑥 − 1)^(1/3 −
1))/([(2𝑥 − 1)^(1/3)]^(2))
= ((1)(2𝑥
− 1)^(1/3) − (𝑥)1/3(2𝑥 − 1)^(−2/3)(2))/
((2𝑥 − 1)^(2/3))
= ((2𝑥 − 1)^(1/3) − 2/3𝑥(2𝑥 − 1)^(−2/3))/((2𝑥 −
1)^(2/3))
= ((2𝑥 − 1)^(1/3) − 2𝑥/(3(2𝑥 − 1)^(2/3)))/((2𝑥 −
1)^(2/3))
= (3(2𝑥 − 1)^(3/3) − 2𝑥)/((3(2𝑥 − 1)^(2/3))/((2𝑥 −
1)^(2/3)))
= (6𝑥 − 3 − 2𝑥)/(3(2𝑥 − 1)^(4/3))
(4𝑥 − 3)/(3∛((2𝑥 − 1)^4))
• 𝑓(𝑥) = 7/(〖3𝑥〗^2 + 1)
𝑓´(𝑥) = 7〖(〖3𝑥〗^2 + 1)〗^(−1)
= 7(−1)(〖3𝑥〗^2 + 1)^(−2)(6𝑥)
= −42𝑥〖(〖3𝑥〗^2 + 1)〗^(−2)
= −42𝑥/〖〖(3𝑥〗^2 + 1)〗^2
• 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 − 1)/(𝑥 + 1)
𝑓(𝑥)’ = ((𝑥 − 1)/(𝑥 + 1))^’
= ((𝑥 − 1)’(𝑥 + 1) − (𝑥 + 1)’(𝑥 − 1))/(𝑥 + 1)^2
= ((1)(𝑥 + 1) − (1)(𝑥 − 1))/(𝑥 + 1)^2
= (𝑥 + 1 − 1(𝑥 − 1))/(𝑥 + 1)^2
= (𝑥 + 1 − (𝑥 − 1))/(𝑥 + 1)^2
= (𝑥 + 1 − 𝑥 + 1)/(𝑥 + 1)^2
= (1 + 1)/(𝑥 + 1)^2
= 2/〖(𝑥 + 1)〗^2
• 5𝑥𝑦^7 − 𝑦^3 = 9𝑥 + 4𝑦
(5𝑥)’(𝑦^7) + (𝑦^7)’(5𝑥) − 𝑦^7 = 9𝑥 + 4𝑦
(5)(𝑦^7) + (7𝑦^6𝑦’)(5𝑥) − 3𝑦^2𝑦’ = 9 + 4𝑦’
5𝑦^7 + 35𝑥𝑦^6𝑦’ − 3𝑦^2𝑦’ = 9 + 4𝑦’
35𝑥𝑦^6𝑦’ − 3𝑦^2𝑦’ − 4𝑦’ = 9 − 5𝑦^7
𝑦’(35𝑥𝑦^6𝑦’ − 3𝑦^2𝑦’ − 4𝑦’) = 99 − 5𝑦^7
𝑦’ = (9 − 5𝑦^7)/(35𝑥𝑦^6 − 3𝑦^(2 − 4))
• 𝑥^2 − 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦^2 = 4
2𝑥 − 𝑥. 1𝑦^1 − 𝑦. 1 + 2𝑦𝑦^1 = 0
−𝑥𝑦^1 + 2𝑦𝑦^1 = −2𝑥 + 𝑦
𝑦^1(−𝑥 + 2𝑦) = −2𝑥 + 𝑦
𝑦^1 = (−2𝑥 + 𝑦)/(−𝑥 + 2𝑦)
• 𝑓(𝑥) = √(2𝑥 − 1)
√(𝑓(𝑥)) = (𝑓(𝑥))/(2√((𝑥)))
√(𝑓(𝑥)) = 1/√(2𝑥 − 1)
•
(𝑥 + 4)/(𝑥 − 4) = 𝑥^2𝑦
(𝑥 − 4)𝑑/𝑑𝑥(𝑥 + 4) − (𝑥 + 4)𝑑/𝑑𝑥(𝑥 − 4) = 𝑑/𝑑𝑥(𝑥^2)𝑦 + 𝑥^2𝑑/𝑑𝑥(𝑦)
• 4𝑥𝑦^2 − 2𝑥√𝑥𝑦 = 𝑥 − 𝑦
4(𝑦^2 + 2𝑥𝑦𝑦´) − 2 + 1/2𝑦^(−1/2) ∙ 𝑥^(1/2) + 1/2𝑥^(1/2) ∙ 𝑦^(−1/2)𝑦´ = 1 − 𝑦´
4𝑦^2 + 8𝑥𝑦𝑦´ − 2 + 1/2𝑦^(1/2) ∙ 𝑥^(−1/2) + 1/2𝑥^(1/2) ∙ 𝑦^(−1/2)𝑦´ = 1 − 𝑦´
8𝑥𝑦𝑦´ − 2 + 1/2𝑦^(1/2) ∙ 𝑥^(−1/2) + 1/2𝑥^(1/2) ∙ 𝑦^(−1/2)𝑦´
= 1 − 4𝑦^2 + 2 − 1/2𝑦^(1/2)𝑥^(−1/2)
𝑦´(8𝑥𝑦 + 1/2𝑥^(1/2)𝑦^(−1/2)) = 3 − 4𝑦^2 + 2 − 1/2𝑦^(1/2)𝑥^(−1/2)
𝑦´16𝑥𝑦 + 𝑥^(1/2)𝑦^(−1/2) + 2 = 6 − 8𝑦^2 − 𝑦^(1/2)𝑥^(−1/2)
𝑦´ = (6 − 8𝑦^2 − 𝑦^(1/2)𝑥^(−1/2))/(16𝑥𝑦 + 𝑥^(1/2)𝑦^(−1/2) + 2)
• 𝑓(𝑥) = 1/(𝑥 − 1) + 1/(𝑥 + 1)
𝑓(𝑥) = ((𝑥 + 1) + (𝑥 − 1))/((𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 1))
𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥/(𝑥^2 − 1)
• 𝑓(𝑥) = ∛(2𝑥 + 4)
• 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥^2/(𝑥 − 1)
𝑓′(𝑥) = 𝑑/𝑑𝑥(𝑥^2/(𝑥 − 1))
𝑓^′(𝑥) = ((𝑥^2)^′(𝑥 − 1) − (𝑥^2)(𝑥 − 1))/(𝑥 − 1)^2
Segunda derivada:
〖 − 𝑥〗^(−1/3) + 𝑦^(−1/3)𝑦^′ = 0
(〖 − 1/3𝑥〗^(−4/3)) + (〖 − 1/3𝑦〗^(−4/3)𝑦^′𝑦^′ + 𝑦^(−1/3)𝑦′′) = 0
〖1/3𝑥〗^(−4/3)〖 − 1/3𝑦〗^(−4/3)𝑦^′𝑦^′ + 𝑦^(−1/3)𝑦^′′ = 0
𝑦^(−1/3)𝑦^′′ = −〖1/3𝑥〗^(−4/3)〖 + 1/3𝑦〗^(−4/3)(𝑦^′)^2
𝑦^(−1/3)𝑦^′′ = 1/3[−1/𝑥^(4/3) + 1/𝑥^(4/3)(𝑦^(1/3)/𝑥^(1/3))^2]
𝑥^(2/3) − 𝑦^(𝟐/𝟑) = 1
1
𝑦′′ = 4 1
3𝑥 3 𝑦 3
• 𝒙^(𝟏/𝟑) − 𝒚^(𝟏/𝟑) = 𝟑
Solución:
1/3𝑥^(−2/3) − 1/3𝑦^(−2/3)𝑦′ = 0
−1/3𝑦^(−2/3)𝑦^′ = −1/3𝑥^(−2/3)
𝑦^′ = (−1/3𝑥^(−2/3))/(−1/3𝑦^(−2/3))
𝑦^′ = 𝑦^(2/3)/𝑥^(2/3)
Derivando la ecuación
−1/3𝑥^(−2/3) + 1/3𝑦^(−2/3)𝑦′ = 0
−(−2/3𝑥^(−5/3)) + (−2/3𝑦^(−5/3)𝑦^′𝑦^′ + 𝑦^(−2/3)𝑦^′′) = 0
2/3𝑥^(−5/3) − 2/3𝑦^(−5/3)𝑦^′𝑦^′ + 𝑦^(−2/3)𝑦^′′ = 0
𝑦^(−2/3)𝑦^′′ = −2/3𝑥^(−5/3) + 2/3𝑦^(−5/3)(𝑦^′)^2
𝑦^(−2/3)𝑦^′′ = 2/3[−1/𝑥^(5/3) + 1/𝑦^(5/3)(𝑦^(2/3)/𝑥^(2/3))^2]
𝑦^(−2/3)𝑦^′′ = 2/3[−1/𝑥^(5/3) + 𝑦^(4/3)/(𝑦^(5/3)𝑥^(4/3))]
𝑦^(−2/3)𝑦^′′ = 2/3[−1/𝑥^(5/3) + 1/(𝑦^(1/2)𝑥^(4/3))]
𝑦^(−2/3)𝑦^′′ = 2/3[(〖 − 𝑦〗^(1/3) + 𝑥^(1/3))/(𝑦^(1/3)𝑥^(5/3))]
PRACTICA 11-05
𝑥
1. x2 - y2 = 5 (y᾽= 𝑦)᾽
(x2 - y2 = 5)᾽
(𝑦)(𝑥)᾽−(𝑥)(𝑦)᾽
2x – 2yy᾽= 0 y᾽᾽= 𝑦2
-2yy᾽ = -2x
𝑦−𝑥𝑦᾽
y᾽= (−2𝑥)/(−2𝑦) y᾽᾽= 𝑦2
y᾽= 𝑥/𝑦
𝑥 𝑥2
𝑦−𝑥( ) 𝑦−( )
𝑦 𝑦
y᾽᾽= y᾽᾽=
𝑦2 𝑦 2
𝑦 2 −𝑥 2
y᾽᾽=
𝑦3
2. 2xy – y2 = x2 + xy
(2xy – y2 = x2 + xy)᾽
(2x)᾽(y) + (y)᾽(2x) – 2yy᾽ = 2x + (x)᾽(y) + (y)᾽(x)
2y + 2xy᾽ - 2yy᾽ = 2x + y + xy᾽
2xy᾽ - 2yy᾽ - xy᾽= 2x + y – 2y
xy’-2yy’=2x+y– 2y
y’(x– 2y) = 2x + y – 2y
y’=(2𝑥 − 𝑦)/((𝑥 − 2𝑦))
y’’=((2𝑥 − 𝑦)^′(𝑥 − 2𝑦) − (𝑥 − 2𝑦)^′(2𝑥 − 𝑦))/〖(𝑥 − 2𝑦)〗^2
y’’=(〖(2 − 𝑦〗^′)(𝑥 − 2𝑦) − (−2𝑦᾽)(2𝑥 − 𝑦))/〖(𝑥 − 2𝑦)〗^2
y’’=(2𝑥 − 4𝑦 − 𝑥𝑦᾽ + 2𝑦𝑦᾽ − 2𝑥 + 𝑦 + 4𝑥𝑦᾽ − 2𝑦𝑦᾽)/〖(𝑥 − 2𝑦)〗^2
y’’=(−3𝑦 + 3𝑥𝑦᾽)/〖(𝑥 − 2𝑦)〗^2
y’’=(−3𝑦 + 3𝑥((2𝑥 − 𝑦)/((𝑥 − 2𝑦))))/〖(𝑥 − 2𝑦)〗^2
y’’=(−3𝑦 + (〖6𝑥〗^2 − 3𝑥𝑦)/(𝑥 − 2𝑦))/〖(𝑥 − 2𝑦)〗^2
y’’=((−3𝑦(𝑥 − 2𝑦) + 〖6𝑥〗^2 − 3𝑥𝑦)/(𝑥 − 2𝑦))/〖(𝑥 − 2𝑦)〗^2
y’’=((−3𝑥𝑦 + 〖6𝑦〗^2 + 〖6𝑥〗^2 − 3𝑥𝑦)/(𝑥 − 2𝑦))/〖(𝑥 − 2𝑦)〗^2
y’’=(−6𝑥𝑦 + 〖6𝑦〗^2 + 〖6𝑥〗^2)/(〖(𝑥 − 2𝑦)〗^2⦁(𝑥 − 2𝑦))
y’’=(−6𝑥𝑦 + 〖6𝑦〗^2 + 〖6𝑥〗^2)/〖(𝑥 − 2𝑦)〗^3
3. x3 – 7 + 3x2y = 3y2 – x2y
(x3 – 7 + 3x2y)᾽ = (3y2 – x2y)᾽
3x2 + 6xy + 3x2y᾽ = 6yy᾽ - 2xy + x2y᾽
3x2 + 6xy + 2xy = 6yy᾽ + x2y᾽- 3x2y᾽
x (3x + 6y +2y) = y᾽ (6y +x2 – 3x2)
x (3x + 8y) = y᾽ (6y – 2x2)
y᾽ = (〖3𝑥〗^2 + 8𝑥𝑦)/(6𝑦 − 〖2𝑥〗^2)
y᾽᾽ = (〖(3𝑥〗^2 + 8𝑥𝑦)᾽(6𝑦 − 〖2𝑥〗^2) − 〖(3𝑥〗^2 + 8𝑥𝑦)(6𝑦 − 〖2𝑥〗
^2)᾽)/(6𝑦 − 〖2𝑥〗^2)^2
= (6𝑥 + 8𝑦 + 8𝑥𝑦᾽(6𝑦 − 〖2𝑥〗^2) − 〖(3𝑥〗^2 + 8𝑥𝑦)6𝑦᾽ − 4𝑥)/(6𝑦 −
〖2𝑥〗^2)^2
= (36𝑥𝑦 − 12𝑥^3 + 48𝑦^2 − 16𝑥^2𝑦 + 48𝑥𝑦𝑦᾽ − 16𝑥^3𝑦᾽ − (18𝑥^2𝑦᾽ −
12𝑥^3 + 48𝑥𝑦𝑦᾽ − 32𝑥^2𝑦))/(6𝑦 − 〖2𝑥〗^2)^2
= (36𝑥𝑦 − 12𝑥^3 + 48𝑦^2 − 16𝑥^2𝑦 + 48𝑥𝑦𝑦᾽ − 16𝑥^3𝑦᾽ + 18𝑥^2𝑦᾽ +
12𝑥^3 − 48𝑥𝑦𝑦᾽ + 32𝑥^2𝑦)/(6𝑦 − 〖2𝑥〗^2)^2
= (36𝑥𝑦 − 12𝑥^3 + 48𝑦^2 − 16𝑥^2𝑦 + 48𝑥𝑦𝑦᾽ − 16𝑥^3𝑦᾽ + 18𝑥^2𝑦᾽ +
12𝑥^3 − 48𝑥𝑦𝑦᾽ + 32𝑥^2𝑦)/(6𝑦 − 〖2𝑥〗^2)^2
y᾽᾽= (36𝑥𝑦 + 48𝑦^2 + 16𝑥^2𝑦 − 16𝑥^3𝑦᾽ + 18𝑥^2𝑦᾽)/(6𝑦 − 〖2𝑥〗^2)^2
4. √𝑥 + √𝑦 = 1
(𝑥_2^1 − 𝑦_2^1 = 1)’
1/2𝑥^(−1/2) − 1/2𝑦^(−1/2)𝑦᾽ = 0
y’−𝑦^(1/2)/𝑥^(1/2)
(𝑥^(−1/2) + 𝑦^(−1/2)𝑦᾽ = 0)^′
-1/2𝑥^(−3/2) − 1/2𝑦^(−3/2)𝑦′𝑦᾽ + 𝑦^(−1/2)𝑦′′ = 0
𝑦^(−1/2)𝑦′′ = 1/2𝑥^(−3/2) − 1/2𝑦^(−3/2)〖(𝑦^′)〗^2
=1/2[1/𝑥^(3/2) + 1/𝑦^(3/2)(−𝑦^(1/2)/𝑥^(1/2))^2]
=1/2[(𝑥^(1/2) + 𝑦^(1/2))/(𝑥^(3/2)𝑦^(1/2))]
𝑦′′ = 1/(2𝑥^(3/2)𝑦^(−1/2)𝑦^(1/2))
𝑦^′′ = 1/(2𝑥^(3/2))
5. x3+ 5y2 = y + x2
(x3+ 5y2 )᾽= (y + x2 )᾽
3x² + 10yy᾽ = y᾽ + 2x
10yy᾽-y᾽=2x - 3x²
y' (10y-1) = 2x-3x²
y' = (2𝑥 − 3𝑥²)/(10𝑦 − 1)
y" = ((2𝑥 − 3𝑥²)᾽(10𝑦 − 1) − (2𝑥 − 3𝑥²)(10𝑦 − 1)᾽)/((10𝑦 − 1)2)
y" = (2 − 6𝑥(10𝑦 − 1) − (2𝑥 − 3𝑥²)(10𝑦′))/((10𝑦 − 1)2)
y" = (20y − 2 − 60xy + 6x − (20xy᾽ − 30x²y᾽))/((10𝑦 − 1)2)
y" = (20y − 2 − 60xу + 6x − 20xy᾽ + 30x²y᾽)/((10𝑦 − 1)2)
6. 𝑥_3^1 − 𝑦_3^1 = 3
1/3𝑥^((−2)/3) − 1/3𝑦^((−2)/3)𝑦᾽ = 0
((−1)/3𝑥^((−2)/3))/((−1)/3𝑦^((−2)/3)) y᾽= 𝑦^(2/3)/𝑥^(2/3)
Derivando la ecuación
−𝑥^((−2)/3) + 𝑦^((−2)/3)y᾽ = 0
−(−〖2/3𝑥〗^((−5)/3) ) +(−〖2/3𝑦〗^((−5)/3)y᾽y᾽+𝑦^((−2)/3) y᾽᾽) = 0
〖2/3𝑥〗^((−5)/3) − 〖2/3𝑦〗^((−5)/3)y᾽y᾽+𝑦^((−2)/3) y᾽᾽) = 0
𝑦^((−2)/3) y᾽᾽=- 〖2/3𝑥〗^((−5)/3) + 〖2/3𝑦〗^((−5)/3)(y᾽)2
= 2/3[−1/𝑥^(5/3) + 1/𝑦^(5/3)(𝑦^(2/3)/𝑥^(2/3))^2]
= 2/3[−1/𝑥^(5/3) + 𝑦^(4/3)/(𝑦^(5/3)𝑥^(4/3))]
= 2/3[(𝑥^(1/3) − 𝑦^(1/3))/(𝑥^(5/3)𝑦^(1/3))]
𝑦^((−2)/3) y᾽᾽= 2/3[3/(𝑥^(5/3)𝑦^(1/3))]
𝑦^((−2)/3) y᾽᾽= (6𝑦^(1/3))/(3𝑥^(5/3))
y᾽᾽= (2𝑦^(1/3))/𝑥^(5/3)
7. 𝑥^(2/3) − 𝑦^(2/3) = 1
(𝑥^(2/3) − 𝑦^(2/3) = 1)᾽
2/3𝑥^(−1/3) − 2/3𝑦^(−1/3)𝑦᾽ = 0
y’𝑦^(1/3)/𝑥^(1/3)
Segunda derivada
(−𝑥^(−1/3) + 𝑦^(−1/3)𝑦᾽ = 0)^′
1/3𝑥^(−4/3) − 1/3𝑦^(−4/3)𝑦𝑦᾽ + 𝑦^(−1/3)𝑦′′ = 0
𝑦^(−1/3)𝑦′′ = 1/3𝑥^(−4/3) − 1/3𝑦^(−4/3)〖(𝑦^′)〗^2
=1/3[−1/𝑥^(4/3) + 1/𝑦^(4/3)(𝑦^(1/3)/𝑥^(1/3))^2]
=1/3[(𝑥^(2/3) − 𝑦^(2/3))/(𝑥^(4/3)𝑦^(2/3))]
𝑦′′ = 1/(3𝑥^(4/3)𝑦^(2/3)𝑦^(−1/3))
𝑦′′ = 1/(3𝑥^(4/3)𝑦^(1/3))
8. 𝑥^(1/5)+𝑦^(1/5) = 10
(𝑥^(1/5)+𝑦^(1/5) = 10)’
1/5𝑥^(−4/5) + 1/5𝑦^(−4/5)𝑦^′ = 0
𝑦^′ = (−1/5𝑥^(−4/5))/(−1/5𝑦^(−4/5))
𝑦^′ = −𝑦^(4/5)/𝑥^(4/5)
Derivamos en la ecuación
〖(𝑥〗^(−4/5)+𝑦^(−4/5)𝑦^′)’
−4/5𝑥^(−9/5) − 4/5𝑦^(−9/5)𝑦𝑦^′ + 𝑦^(−4/5)〖(𝑦^′)〗^2 = 0
𝑦^(−4/5)𝑦^′′ = 4/5𝑥^(−9/5) + 4/5𝑦^(−9/5)〖(𝑦^′)〗^2
=4/5[1/𝑥^(9/5) + 1/𝑦^(9/5)(−𝑦^(4/5)/𝑥^(4/5))^2]
=4/5[1/𝑥^(9/5) + 𝑦^(8/5)/(𝑥^(8/5)𝑦^(9/5))]
= 4/5[1/𝑥^(9/5) + 1/(𝑥^(8/5)𝑦^(1/5))]
= 4/5[(𝑦^(1/5) + 𝑥^(1/5))/(𝑥^(8/5)𝑦^(1/5))]
y’’= 4/5[10/(𝑥^(8/5)𝑦^(−3/5))]
y’’= (40𝑦^(3/5))/(5𝑥^(8/5))
y’’= (8𝑦^(3/5))/𝑥^(8/5)
9. ∛𝑥 − ∛𝑦 = 2
(𝑥^(1/3) − 𝑦^(1/3) = 2)^′
𝑥^(−2/3) − 𝑦^(−2/3)𝑦^′ =0
𝑦^′ = 𝑥^(−2/3)/𝑦^(−2/3) 𝑦^′ = 𝑦^(2/3)/𝑥^(2/3)
(𝑦^′ = 𝑦^(2/3)/𝑥^(2/3))^′
𝑦^′′ = ((〖(𝑥〗^(2/3))(𝑦^(2/3))′
− 〖(𝑥〗^(2/3))′(𝑦^(2/3)))/〖〖(𝑥〗^(2/3))〗^2)
𝑦^′′ = ((𝑥^(2/3)(2/3𝑦^(−1/3)𝑦′)
− (𝑦^(2/3))(〖2/3𝑥〗^(−1/3)))/〖〖(𝑥〗^(2/3))〗^2)
𝑦^′′ = ((〖2/3𝑥〗^(2/3)𝑦^(−1/3)(𝑦^(2/3)/𝑥^(2/3))
− 〖2/3𝑦〗^(2/3)𝑥^(−1/3))/〖〖(𝑥〗^(2/3))〗^2)
𝑦^′′ = 2/3((𝑦^(1/3) − 𝑦^(2/3)𝑥^(−1/3))/〖〖(𝑥〗^(2/3))〗^2)
𝑦^′′ = 2/3∛((𝑦 − 𝑦^2/𝑥)/𝑥^4)
𝑦^′′ = 2/3∛((𝑥𝑦 − 𝑦^2)/𝑥^5)
12/ℎ = 6/𝑟 𝑑𝑣
= 8𝑝/𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑑𝑡
𝑟 = 6 ∙ ℎ/12
𝑟 = ℎ/2
𝜋
𝑣 = 𝑟 2 ℎ
3
𝑑𝑣 𝜋 𝑑ℎ 𝜋 ℎ
= ∙ 3ℎ2 ∙ 𝑣 = ( )2 ℎ
𝑑𝑡 12 𝑑𝑡 3 2
𝑑𝑣 12 𝑑ℎ
∙ 2
= 𝜋 ℎ2
𝑑𝑡 3𝜋ℎ 𝑑𝑡 𝑣 = ∙ ∙ ℎ
3 4
𝜋
𝑣 = ∙ ℎ3
𝑅𝑒𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑟 12
𝑑𝑣 12 𝑑ℎ
∙ 2
=
𝑑𝑡 3𝜋ℎ 𝑑𝑡
12 𝑑ℎ
8 ∙ 2
=
3𝜋(4) 𝑑𝑡
12 𝑑ℎ
8 ∙ =
3𝜋 ∙ 16 𝑑𝑡
4 𝑑ℎ
=
2𝜋 𝑑𝑡
2 𝑑ℎ
=
𝜋 𝑑𝑡
• En una circunferencia se sabe que su radio aumenta su razón de 1 cm/s. Determine
la razón de cambio de la circunferencia cuando el radio sea igual.
𝑑𝑣
= 1𝑐𝑚/𝑠
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝐴
=? 𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜𝑟 = 5𝑐𝑚
𝑑𝑡
𝐴 = 𝜋 ∙ 𝑟 2
𝑑𝐴 𝑑𝑟
= 𝜋 ∙ 2𝑟 ∙
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝐴
= 𝜋 ∙ 2(5𝑐𝑚/𝑠)(1𝑐𝑚/𝑠)
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝐴
= 𝜋 ∙ 10𝑐𝑚/𝑠
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝐴
= 31, 41𝑐𝑚/𝑠
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝐴
=? 𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜50𝑐𝑚
𝑑𝑡
𝐴 = 𝜋 ∙ 𝑟 2
𝑑𝐴 𝑑𝑟
= 𝜋 ∙ 2𝑟 ∙
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝐴
= 𝜋 ∙ 2(50𝑐𝑚)(0.01𝑐𝑚/𝑚𝑖𝑛)
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝐴
= 𝜋(1𝑐𝑚/𝑚𝑖𝑛)
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝐴
= 31.41𝑐𝑚/𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑎/𝑑𝑡 = (〖75𝑐𝑚〗^3/𝑚𝑖𝑛)/〖3(5𝑐𝑚)〗^2
𝑑𝑎/𝑑𝑡 = (〖75𝑐𝑚〗^3/𝑚𝑖𝑛)/〖75𝑐𝑚〗^2
𝑑𝑎/𝑑𝑡 = 1 cm/min
b) Determine la razón de cambio del área de la superficie cuando esta es de
〖24𝑐𝑚〗^2
〖𝐴 = 6𝑎〗^2 𝐴 = 〖24𝑐𝑚〗^2 V= 𝑎^3
• 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙^𝒙
𝑙𝑛𝑦 = 𝐿𝑛(𝑥^𝑥)
(𝐿𝑛𝑦)^′ = (𝑥 ∙ 𝐿𝑛𝑥)
𝑦′/𝑦 = (𝑥)^′(Lnx) +(x) (Lnx)’
𝑦^′/𝑦 = 𝐿𝑛𝑥 = 𝑥/𝑥
𝑦^′ = 𝑦(𝐿𝑛𝑥 + 𝑥/𝑥)
𝑦^′ = 𝑥^𝑥(𝐿𝑛𝑥 + 𝑥/𝑥)
• 𝒇(𝒙) = (𝒔𝒆𝒏𝒙)^𝒙
𝐿𝑛𝑦 = 𝐿𝑛(𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)^𝑥
(𝐿𝑛𝑦)^′ = [𝑥 ∙ 𝐿𝑛(𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)]′
𝑦′/𝑦 = (𝑥)^′ ∙ 𝐿𝑛(𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥) + 𝑥[𝐿𝑛(𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)]′
𝑦′/𝑦 = 𝐿𝑛(𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥) + 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥/𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥
𝑦^′ = 𝑦[𝐿𝑛(𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥) + 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥]
𝑦^′ = (𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)^𝑥[𝐿𝑛(𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥) + 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥]
• 𝒇(𝒙) = (𝒔𝒆𝒏𝒙)^𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙
𝑓^′(𝑥) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 ∙ (𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)^(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 − 1) ∙ 𝑑/𝑑𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 + (𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)^𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 ∙ 𝐿𝑛(𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)
∙ 𝑑/𝑑𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑓^′(𝑥) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 ∙ (𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)^(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 − 1) ∙ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + (𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)^𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 ∙ 𝐿𝑛(𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥) ∙ (−𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)
𝑓^′(𝑥) = 〖𝑐𝑜𝑠〗^2(𝑥) ∙ (𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)^𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 ∙ (𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)^(−1) − (𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)^𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 ∙ 𝐿𝑛(𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)
∙ (−𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)
𝑓^′(𝑥) = (𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)^𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥[〖𝑐𝑜𝑠〗^2𝑥 ∙ (𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)^(−1) − 𝐿𝑛(𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥) ∙ (−𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)]
𝑓^′(𝑥) = (𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)^𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥[(〖𝑐𝑜𝑠〗^2𝑥)/𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 − 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 ∙ 𝐿𝑛(𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)]
𝑓^′(𝑥) = (𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)^𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥[𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥 ∙ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 − 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 − 𝐿𝑛(𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)]
• 𝒇(𝒙) = (𝟏 + 𝒔𝒆𝒏𝒙)^𝒙
𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) = (1 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)^𝑥
𝐿𝑛𝑦 = 𝐿𝑛(1 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)^𝑥
𝐿𝑛𝑦 = 𝑥 ∙ 𝐿𝑛(1 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)^𝑥
𝐿𝑛𝑦 = (𝑥)′[𝐿𝑛(1 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)] + (𝑥)[𝐿𝑛(1 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)]′
𝑦′/𝑦 = 1 ∙ 𝐿𝑛(1 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥) + 𝑥 ∙ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥/(1 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)
𝑦^′ = 𝑦𝐿𝑛(1 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥) + 𝑥 ∙ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥/(1 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)
𝑦^′ = (1 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)^𝑥[𝐿𝑛(1 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥) + 𝑥 ∙ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥/(1 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)]
• 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙^(𝒙^𝟐)
𝐿𝑛𝑦 = 𝐿𝑛(𝑥^(𝑥^2))
(𝐿𝑛𝑦)^′ = (𝑥^2 ∙ 𝐿𝑛𝑥)^′
𝑦^′/𝑦 = (𝑥^2)^′𝐿𝑛𝑥 + 𝑥^2(𝐿𝑛𝑥)^′
𝑦^′/𝑦 = 2𝑥𝐿𝑛𝑥 + 𝑥^2/𝑥
𝑦^′ = 𝑦(2𝑥𝐿𝑛𝑥 + 𝑥^2/𝑥)
𝑦^′ = 𝑥^(𝑥^2)(2𝑥𝐿𝑛𝑥 + 𝑥^2/𝑥)
• 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟑/(𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐𝒙 − 𝟏)
𝑓^′(𝑥) = ((𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 − 1)(3)^′ − (3)(𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 − 1)′)/(𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 − 1)^2
𝑓^′(𝑥) = (−(3)(−𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑥)(2))/(𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 − 1)^2
𝑓^′(𝑥) = 6𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑥/(𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 − 1)^2
• 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙^𝟑𝒙
𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥^3𝑥
𝐿𝑛𝑦 = 𝐿𝑛(𝑥^3𝑥)
(𝐿𝑛𝑦)^′ = (3𝑥 ∙ 𝐿𝑛𝑥)^′
𝑦′/𝑦 = (3𝑥)′(𝐿𝑛𝑥) + (3𝑥)(𝐿𝑛𝑥)′
𝑦^′/𝑦 = 3𝐿𝑛𝑥 + 3𝑥/𝑥
𝑦^′ = 𝑦(3𝐿𝑛𝑥 + 3𝑥/𝑥)
𝑦^′ = 𝑥^3𝑥(3𝐿𝑛𝑥 + 3𝑥/𝑥)
• 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒔𝒆𝒏(𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒙)
𝑓^′(𝑥) = (𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥))^′
𝑓^′(𝑥) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥) ∙ 〖𝑠𝑒𝑐〗^2𝑥
• 𝒇(𝒙) = 〖𝒕𝒂𝒏〗^(−𝟏)(𝑳𝒏𝒙)
𝑓^′(𝑥) = [〖𝑡𝑎𝑛〗^(−1)(𝐿𝑛𝑥)]
𝑓^′(𝑥) = 1/(1 + (𝐿𝑛𝑥)^2) ∙ 1/𝑥
𝑓^′(𝑥) = 1/(1 + (𝐿𝑛𝑥)^2𝑥)
𝑓^′(𝑥) = 1/𝑥(〖𝐿𝑛〗^2(𝑥) + 1)
PRACTICA 27-05
• 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙 + 𝐥𝐧(𝒙^𝟐 − 𝟏)
Derivamos
𝑓(𝑥)^′ = [𝑥 + ln(𝑥^2 − 1)]′
= 1 + 1/(𝑥^2 − 1) ∙ (𝑥^2 − 1)′
= 1 + 2𝑥/(𝑥^2 − 1)
= (𝑥^2 + 2𝑥 − 1)/(𝑥^2 − 1)
Derivada=0
(𝑥^2 + 2𝑥 − 1)/(𝑥^2 − 1) = 0
𝑥^2 + 2𝑥 − 1 = 0
𝑎 = 1 𝑏 = 2 𝑐 = −2
2
𝑥_1 = (−2 + √(2^2 ∙ 2))/2
𝑥_1 = (−2 ± 2√2)/2
𝑥_1 = −1 + √2
Por lo tanto, el mínimo absoluto de 𝑓 en [1,5] es -16 y se alcanza en 𝑥 = 2. El máximo absoluto de 𝑓 en [1,5]
es 425 y se alcanza en 𝑥 = 5.
• (𝑥) = 𝑥^3 − 3𝑥
𝑓(𝑥) = 〖3𝑥〗^2 − 3
𝑓(𝑥) = 0
〖3𝑥〗^2 − 3 = 0
〖3𝑥〗^2 = 3
𝑥^2 = 3/3
𝑥^2 = 1
√(𝑥^2) = √1
𝑥 = ±1
█(𝑥 = 1, &𝑥 = −1)
𝑓 ′(𝑥) = 6𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 − 12
𝑓 ′(𝑥) = 0 → 6𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 − 12 = 0
6(𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 2) = 0
(𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 1) = 0
𝑥 = −2; 𝑥 = 1
𝑓′(𝑥) = 0
15𝑥^4 − 15𝑥^2 = 0
15𝑥^2(𝑥^2 − 1) = 0
15𝑥^2(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 1) = 0
15𝑥^2 = 0 𝑥 − 1 = 0 𝑥 + 1 = 0
𝑥=1 𝑥 = −1
3𝑥 − 6𝑥 = 0
3𝑥(𝑥 − 2) = 0
█(𝑥 − 2 = 0&3𝑥 = 0@𝑥 = 2&𝑥 = 0)
𝑓(0) = 〖(0)〗^4 + 2
𝑓(0) = 0 + 2
𝑓(0) = 2
Punto crítico es x1=2
2
• 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 (𝑥 + 1)[−1,8]
2 2
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = (𝑥 3 )′(𝑥 + 1) + (𝑥 3 )(𝑥 + 1)′
2 1 2
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑥 −3 (𝑥 + 1) + 𝑥 3
3
2(𝑥 + 1) 2
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 1 + 𝑥 3
3𝑥 3
2 1
2(𝑥 + 1) + (𝑥 3 )(3𝑥 3 )
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 1
3𝑥 3
2𝑥 + 2 + 3𝑥
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 1
3𝑥 3
5𝑥 + 2
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 1
3𝑥 3
′
5𝑥 + 2
• 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟑𝒙 − 𝒙^𝟑
𝑓´(𝑥) = 3 − 𝑥^2
𝑓´(𝑥) = 3𝑥 − 𝑥^2 = 0
3(1 − 𝑥^2) = 0
1 − 𝑥^2 = 0
(1 − 𝑥)(1 + 𝑥) = 0
𝑥 = 1𝑥 = −1
Se iguala a cero
〖6𝑥〗^2 − 12𝑥 − 18 = 0
6(𝑥^2 − 2𝑥 − 3) = 0
6(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 3) = 0
𝑥 + 1 = 0𝑥 − 3 = 0
𝑥 = −1𝑥 = 3
• 𝑥 = −1
𝑓(𝑥) = 〖2𝑥〗^3 − 〖6𝑥〗^2 − 18𝑥 + 1
𝑓(−1) = 〖2(−1)〗^3 − 〖6(−1)〗^2 − 18(−1) + 1
𝑓(−1) = −2 − 6 + 18 + 1
𝑓(−1) = 25
• 𝑥=3
𝑓(𝑥) = 〖2𝑥〗^3 − 〖6𝑥〗^2 − 18𝑥 + 1
𝑓(3) = 〖2(3)〗^3 − 〖6(3)〗^2 − 18(3) + 1
𝑓(3) = 54 − 54 − 54 + 1
𝑓(3) = −53
4𝑥 = 0 𝑥−2=0 𝑥+2=0
𝑥=0 𝑥=2 𝑥 = −2
𝐿𝑜𝑠𝑝𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑠𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑜𝑛:
𝑥=3
𝑥 = −13
𝑥 = −13
• 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 − 𝑥^3
𝑓’(𝑥) = 0 𝑓’(𝑥) = 3 − 3𝑥 2 = 0
−3𝑥 2 = −3
−3
𝑥2 =
−3
𝑥2 = 1
√𝑥 2 = √1
𝑥=1
𝑥 = −1,𝑥 = 1
𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 − 𝑥 3 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 − 𝑥 2
𝑓(1) = 3 − 1 𝑓(−1) = −3 + 1
𝑓(1) = 2 𝑓(−1) = −2
𝑥+4=0 𝑥−2=0
𝑥 = −4 𝑥=2
𝐿𝑜𝑠𝑝𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑠𝑐𝑟í𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑜𝑛
𝑥 = 0, 𝑥=0
𝑥 = −2𝑥 = 2
Puntos críticos: 𝑥 = −2; 𝑥 = 2
[0,4]
𝑓(2) = (2)^3 − 12(2) = −16
𝑓(0) = (0)^3 − 12(0) = 0
𝑓(4) = (4)^3 − 12(4) = 16
• 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥^2/(𝑥^2 − 1)
𝑓^′(𝑥) = ((𝑥^2 − 1)(2𝑥) − (𝑥^2)(2𝑥))/〖(𝑥^2 − 1)〗^2
𝑓^′(𝑥) = (2𝑥^3 − 2𝑥 − 2𝑥^3)/〖(𝑥^2 − 1)〗^2
𝑓(𝑥) = (−2𝑥)/〖(𝑥^2 − 1)〗^2
−2𝑥 = 0 𝑥 2 − 1 = (𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 1)
0 𝑥−1 = 0 𝑥+1=0
𝑥=
2 𝑥=1 𝑥 = −1
𝑥=0
𝑓(𝑥) = 〖(0)〗^2/(〖(0)〗^2 − 1)
= 0/(0^2 − 1)
=0
𝑓(𝑥) = 〖(1)〗^2/(〖(1)〗^2 − 1)
= 〖(1)〗^2/(1 − 1)
= 1/0
𝑓(𝑥) = 〖(−1)〗^2/(〖(−1)〗^2 − 1)
= 〖(−1)〗^2/(1 − 1)
= 1/0
𝐸𝑙𝑝𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑐𝑟í𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑠0
• 𝑓(𝑥) = ∛(〖3𝑥〗^2 − 1)[1,5]
𝑓^′(𝑥) = 〖(〖3𝑥〗^2 − 1)〗^(1/3)
𝑓^′(𝑥) = 〖1/3(〖3𝑥〗^2 − 1)〗^(−2/3)(6𝑥)
𝑓^′(𝑥) = 6𝑥/〖3(〖3𝑥〗^2 − 1)〗^(2/3)
Puntos Críticos
Puntos críticos
• 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥^3 − 3𝑥 + 2
𝑓´(𝑥) = 3𝑥^2 − 3 = 0
𝑓´(𝑥) = 𝑥^2 = 3/3
𝑥^2 = 1
√(2&𝑥^2) = 1
𝑥 = ±1
𝑥 = 1, 𝑥 = −1
PRACTICA 30-05
√(𝑥^2) = √4
𝑥 = ±2
-2 2
• 𝑓(𝑥) = 〖2𝑥〗^4 − 8𝑥 + 3
𝑓^′𝑥 = 〖8𝑥〗^3 − 8 = 0
〖8𝑥〗^3 = 8
∛(𝑥^3) = 8/8
𝑥=1
Los Puntos críticos son: x=0, x=2
Los intervalos de puntos son: (-∞, 1), (1, ∞)
Dado
𝑓^′(0) = 8(0)^3 − 8〖𝑓〗^′(2) = 8(2)^3 − 8que la derivada es negativa para x<1
y positiva para x>1 la función tiene un
𝑓^′(0) = −8 𝑓^′(2) = 56 mínimo relativo en x=1
𝑓(𝑥) = 〖2𝑥〗^4 − 8𝑥 + 3
𝑓(1) = 〖2(1)〗^4 − 8(1) + 3
𝑓(1) = −3
El mínimo relativo de la función es de -3 en x=1
𝑓^′ + + - -
Conclusión Creciente Creciente Decreciente Decreciente
0 = 4𝑥(𝑥^2 − 6)
4𝑥 = 0 → 𝑥 = 0 𝑥^2 − 6 = 0
4𝑥(𝑥^2 − 3) = 0
Los intervalos de puntos son: (-∞, −√3) , (−√3, 0) , (0, √3) , (√3, ∞)
𝑓^′(−2) = 4〖(−2)〗^3 − 12(−2) = −8𝑓^′(−1) = 4〖(−1)〗^3 − 12(−1)
= 8
• 𝑓(𝑥) = 1 − (𝑥 − 2)^□(2/3)
𝑓^′(𝑥) = −2/3 − (𝑥 − 2)^□(−1/3)
𝑓^(′)(𝑥) = 3𝑥^2 − 6𝑥 + 3
𝑓^′(𝑥) = 0 → 3𝑥^2 − 6𝑥 + 3 = 0
𝑥^2 − 2𝑥 + 1
(𝑥 − 1)^2 = 0 → 𝑥 = 1
Signo de f’(x) 𝑓^′(−1) = −10 < 0 𝑓^′(1 ⁄ 2) = 1 ⁄ 2 > 0 𝑓^′(4) = −80 < 0
Conclusión Decreciente Creciente Decreciente
0 1
𝑓(𝑥) = 0 → 3𝑥^2 + 2𝑥 − 5 = 0
3𝑥^2 + 5𝑥 − 3𝑥 − 5 = 0
𝑥(3𝑥 + 5) − (3𝑥 + 5) = 0
(3𝑥 + 5)(𝑥 − 1) = 0
𝑥 = −5/3, 𝑥 = 1
Los puntos críticos de la función son: 𝑥 = −5/3, 𝑥 = 1
(−∞, −5/3)(−5/3,1)(1, ∞)
𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑚𝑠𝑜𝑞𝑢𝑒: además
h
d 𝑅(𝑎) = 𝑎(𝑑2 − 𝑎2 )
𝑅(𝑎) = 𝑑2 𝑎 − 𝑎3
𝑑 𝑑
𝑅(𝑎) = 0 → 𝑑2 − 3𝑎2 = 0𝑅´´ ( ) = −6 ( )
√3 √3
𝑑 −6𝑑
−3𝑎2 = 𝑑2 𝑅´´ ( )= <0
√3 √3
𝑑2
𝑎2 = − 𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑔𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑑𝑎𝑒𝑛
3
𝑑2
𝑎 = ±√ 𝑎
3
𝑑
= , 𝑅(𝑎)𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑧𝑎𝑢𝑛𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑜
√3
𝑑
𝑎=
√3
𝑑𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠
2
𝑑 𝑑 3𝑑2 − 𝑑2 𝑑√2
𝑎 = ℎ2 = 𝑑2 − ( ) ℎ2 = ℎ =
√3 √3 3 √3
𝑑 2𝑑2
ℎ2 = 𝑑2 − ℎ2 =
√3 3
Problema #9 halle el punto M sobre la grafica de la parábola Y=x2 mas próxima al punto (2,1/2)
1 2
𝑑 = √(𝑥 − 2)2 + (𝑦 − )
2
1 2
𝑑 = √(𝑥 − 2)2 + (𝑥 − )
2
1
𝑑 = √𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 4 + 𝑥 4 − 𝑥 2 +
4
1
𝑑 = √−4𝑥 + 4 + 𝑥 4 +
4
𝑛
17 𝑛 𝑎 √𝑎
𝑑 = √𝑥 4 − 4𝑥 + → √ = 𝑛
4 𝑏 √𝑏
4𝑥 4 − 16𝑥 + 17 163 − 16
𝑑=√ 𝑏𝑢𝑠𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑑𝑎: ; 𝑙𝑎𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠𝑎0
2 2
163 − 16
=0
2
2(83 − 8)
=0
2
83 − 8 = 0
El x=1 sería el único punto crítico para la
8 =83 función, debemos evaluar si es un mínimo o
máximo.
8
𝑥3 = Tomamos un valor menor y mayo seria -1 y 2
8
𝑥3 = 1
3 3
√𝑥 = √1
𝑥=1
𝑥 = −1𝑥 = 2
Decreciente creciente
-1 1 2
Dos puntos críticos son: x=1, y=1
𝑥 =→ 𝑦 = 𝑥 2
= 9 ∫ 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 − 12 ∫ 𝑥𝑑𝑥 + 4 ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥3 𝑥2
= 9 ( ) − 12 ( ) + 4𝑥 + 𝐶
3 2
3 2
= 3𝑥 − 6𝑥 + 4𝑥 + 𝐶
√𝒙−𝟐 1 2
• ∫ 𝒅𝒙 =∫ − 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝒙 √𝑥
1 2
=∫ 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑑𝑥
√𝑥 𝑥
= 2√𝑥 − 2 ln|𝑥|
= 2√𝑥 − 2 ln|𝑥| + 𝐶
𝒅𝒙 𝑑𝑥
• ∫ 𝟑 = ∫ ( 1)
√𝒙 𝑥3
1
−
= ∫𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥
1
= 𝑥 −3+1 + 𝐶
2
𝑥3
=( )+𝐶
2
3
2 3
= 𝑥3 ∗ + 𝐶
2
3 2
= 𝑥3 + 𝐶
2
33
= √𝑥 2 + 𝐶
2
1
𝑥(𝑥 2 )
𝟑 𝒙√ 𝒙 3
• ∫ (√ 𝒙 − ) 𝒅𝒙 = ∫ 1 𝑑𝑥 − ∫
𝟒 4
𝑥2
3 5
𝑥2 1 𝑥2
= 3( )− ( )+𝐶
3 4 5
2 2
3 2 1 5 2
= 3𝑥 2 ∗ − 𝑥 2 ∗ + 𝐶
3 4 5
5
3 𝑥2
= 2𝑥 2 −
10
• ∫ 𝒆𝟑𝒙−𝟓 𝒅𝒙
𝑢 = 3𝑥 − 5 𝑑𝑢 = 3𝑑𝑥
1
∫ 𝒆𝟑𝒙−𝟓 𝒅𝒙 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑢 ( 𝑑𝑢)
3
1
= ∫ 𝑒 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
3
1
= 𝑒𝑢 + 𝐶
3
1
= 𝑒 3𝑥−5 + 𝐶
3
𝒅𝒙
• ∫ 𝟐−𝒙
𝑢 =2−𝑥 𝑑𝑢 = −𝑑𝑥
𝒅𝒙 1 𝑑𝑢
∫ =∫ ( )
𝟐−𝒙 𝑢 −1
1
= − ∫ 𝑑𝑢
𝑢
= − ln|𝑢| + 𝐶
= − ln|2 − 𝑥| + 𝐶
𝒙𝟑
• ∫ 𝟏+𝒙𝟒 𝒅𝒙
𝑢 = 1 + 𝑥4 𝑑𝑢 = 4𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢
= 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥
4
𝒙𝟑 1 𝑑𝑢
∫ 𝟒
𝒅𝒙 = ∫ ( )
𝟏+𝒙 𝑢 4
1 𝑑𝑢
= ∫
4 𝑢
1
= ∗ ln|𝑢| + 𝐶
4
1
= ∗ ln|1 + 𝑥 4 | + 𝐶
4
• ∫ 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝟐 𝒙 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝟐 𝒙 𝒅𝒙
𝑢 = tan 𝑥 𝑑𝑢 = sec 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
∫ 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝟐 𝒙 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝟐 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = ∫ 𝑢2 𝑑𝑢
𝑢𝟑
= +𝐶
3
tan3 𝑥
= +𝐶
3
𝒅𝒙 𝑑𝑥
• ∫√ =∫
𝟕+𝟖𝒙𝟐 7
√8( +𝒙𝟐 )
8
𝑑𝑥
=∫
7
√8√8 + 𝒙𝟐
1 𝑑𝑥
= ∫
√8
√7 + 𝒙𝟐
8
𝟐
√2 7
= ln ||𝑥 + √𝒙𝟐 + (√ ) ||
4 8
√2 √16𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏𝟒
= ln |𝑥 + |+𝐶
4 4
• ∫ √𝟏 + 𝒙𝟒 𝒙𝟑 𝒅𝒙
𝑢 = 1 + 𝑥4 𝑑𝑢 = 4𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥
1
∫ √𝟏 + 𝒙𝟒 𝒙𝟑 𝒅𝒙 = ∫ √1 + 𝑥 4 (4𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥)
4
1
= ∫ √𝑢 (𝑑𝑢)
4
1 1
= ∫ 𝑢2 (𝑑𝑢)
4
3
1 𝑢2
= ( )+𝐶
4 3
2
1 3 2
= 𝑢2 ∗ + 𝐶
4 3
1 3
= 𝑢2 + 𝐶
6
1 3
= 1 + 𝑥42 + 𝐶
6
𝒆𝒙 −𝟏
• ∫ 𝒆𝒙 +𝟏 𝒅𝒙
𝒆𝒙 − 𝟏 𝑒𝑥 1
∫ 𝒙
𝒅𝒙 = ∫ 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝒆 +𝟏 𝑒 +1 𝑒 +1
𝑒𝑥 𝑒 −𝑥
=∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ −𝑥 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑒 +1 𝑒 (𝑒 + 1)
𝑒𝑥 𝑒 −𝑥
=∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑒 +1 1 + 𝑒 −𝑥
𝑢 = 𝑒𝑥 + 1 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑚 = 1 + 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑑𝑚 = −𝑒 −𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑒𝑥 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑢 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑒 −𝑥 −𝑑𝑚
∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ ( ) ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ ( )
𝑒𝑥 + 1 𝑢 𝑒𝑥 1 + 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑚 𝑒 −𝑥
1
= ∫ 𝑑𝑢 1
𝑢 = −∫ 𝑑𝑚
= ln|𝑢| + 𝐶 𝑚
= −ln|𝑚| + 𝐶
= ln|𝑒 𝑥 + 1| + 𝐶
= −ln|1 + 𝑒 −𝑥 | + 𝐶
Entonces:
𝒆𝒙 − 𝟏
∫ 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = ln|𝑒 𝑥 + 1| + ln|1 + 𝑒 −𝑥 | + 𝐶
𝒆 +𝟏
= ln|𝑒 𝑥 + 1| + ln|𝑒 −𝑥 (𝑒 𝑥 + 1)| + 𝐶
= 2ln|𝑒 𝑥 + 1| − x +𝐶
𝒙𝟐 +𝟏
• ∫ 𝒅𝒙
𝒙−𝟏
𝑢 =𝑥−1 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥
𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏 (𝑢 + 1)2 + 1
∫ 𝒅𝒙 = ∫ 𝑑𝑢
𝒙−𝟏 𝑢
𝑢2 + 2𝑢 + 2
=∫ 𝑑𝑢
𝑢
2
= ∫ 𝑢 + 2 + 𝑑𝑢
𝑢
2
= ∫ 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 + 2 ∫ 𝑑𝑢 + 2 ∫ 𝑑𝑢
𝑢
2
𝑢
= + 2𝑢 + 2 ln|𝑢| + 𝐶
2
(𝑥 − 1)2
= + 2(𝑥 − 1) + 2 ln|𝑥 − 1| + 𝐶
2
𝒙+𝟐 1
• ∫ 𝒙+𝟏 𝒅𝒙 = ∫ (1 + 𝑥+1) 𝑑𝑥
1
= ∫ 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥+1
𝑢 =𝑥+1 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥
𝒙+𝟐 1
∫ 𝒅𝒙 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑑𝑢
𝒙+𝟏 𝑢
= 𝑥 + ln|𝑢| + 𝐶
= 𝑥 + ln|𝑥 + 1| + 𝐶
PRACTICA 22-06
8 𝑑𝑥
• ∫0
√𝑥+1
𝑢 =𝑥+1
𝑑𝑢 = 1𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥
=∫
√𝑥 + 1
𝑑𝑢
=∫
√𝑢
𝑑𝑢
=∫ 1⁄
𝑢 2
−1⁄
= ∫𝑢 2 . 𝑑𝑢
−1 1
𝑢 ⁄2+1 𝑢 ⁄2 1
= = = 2𝑢 ⁄2
−1 1⁄
2 +1 2
1⁄
= 2(𝑥 + 1) 2
= 2√𝑥 + 1
8
= 2√𝑥 + 1 |
0
= 2√8 + 1 − 2√0 + 1
= 2√9 − 2√1
= 2.3 − 2.1
=6−2=4
3 𝑥𝑑𝑥
• ∫2 √𝑥 2 +1
𝑢 = 𝑥2 − 1
𝑑𝑢 = 2𝑥𝑑𝑥
1
𝑑𝑢 = 𝑥𝑑𝑥
2
3
1 1
=∫ . 𝑑𝑢
2 √𝑢 2
1 3 1
= ∫ . 𝑑𝑢
2 2 √𝑢
1 3 1
= ∫ . 𝑑𝑢
2 2 12
𝑢
1 3 −1
= ∫ 𝑢 2 𝑑𝑢
2 2
1
1 𝑢2 3
= ( )|
2 1 2
2
1
=(𝑢2 ) |32
3
= √𝑢 |
2
3
= √𝑥 2 − 1 |
2
= √(3)2 − 1 − √(2)2 − 1
= √8 − √3
= 2√2 − √3
4
• ∫0 𝑥√𝑥 2 + 9 𝑑𝑥
Cambio de variable:
𝑢 = 𝑥 2 + 9𝑑𝑢 = 2𝑥𝑑𝑥
4
4
𝑑𝑢
∫ 𝑥√𝑥 2 + 9 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ √𝑢
0 2
0
4
1
= ∫ √𝑢 . 𝑑𝑢
2
0
4
1 1
= ∫ 𝑢2 . 𝑑𝑢
2
0
3
1 𝑢2 4
= ( )|
2 3 0
2
1 3 4
= 𝑢2 |
3 0
3
(𝑥 2 + 9)2 4
= |
3 0
√(𝑥 2 + 9)3 4
= |
3 0
3 2(𝑢−1)
= ∫2 𝑢−1(𝑢)2
𝑑𝑢
Cambio de variable:
3
𝑑𝑢
= 2∫
𝑢2 𝑢 = √𝑥 + 1
2
𝑢 − 1 = √𝑥
3
= 2 ∫ 𝑢−2 . 𝑑𝑢 | (𝑥)′
2 𝑑𝑢 = +0
2√𝑥
𝑢−1 3 𝑑𝑥
= 2( )| =
−1 2 2√𝑥
2√𝑥𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥
3 2(𝑢 − 1)𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥
= 2(−𝑢−1 )|
2
1 3
= 2 (− )|
𝑢 2
1 1
= 2 [(− ) − (− )]
3 2
1 1
= 2 [− + ]
3 2
−2 + 3
= 2[ ]
6
1
= 2[ ]
6
1
=
3
𝜋
• ∫0 tan(𝑥)2 𝑑𝑥
4
∫ tan(𝑥)2 𝑑𝑥
∫ sec(𝑥)2 − 1𝑑𝑥
∫ sec(𝑥)2 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 1 𝑑𝑥
𝜋
4
(tan(𝑥) − 𝑥)
0
𝜋 𝜋
tan( ) − − (tan(0) − 0)
4 4
𝜋
=1−
4
𝑒2 𝑑𝑥
• ∫𝑒 𝑥√ln 𝑥
𝑢 = ln(𝑥)
2
1 1
∫ 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥
𝑥
√𝑢
1 𝑥𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥
2
1
∫ 𝑢−2 𝑑𝑢
1
1
2
2𝑢−2
3
= 22 − 2
−𝟐 𝒙𝟒 −𝟏 −2
• ∫−𝟓 𝒙𝟐 +𝟏 𝒅𝒙 = ∫−5 𝑥 2 − 1𝑑𝑥
−2 −2
= ∫ 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ −1𝑑𝑥
−5 −5
𝑥3 −2
= −𝑥|
3 −5
𝑥3 −2
= −𝑥|
3 −5
(−2)3 (5)3
= − (−2) − ( − (−5))
3 3
8 125
= − + 2 − (− + 5)
3 3
2 110
=− +
3 3
108
=
3
= 36
2 2 𝑢 =𝑥−1→𝑥
• ∫1 𝑥√𝑥 − 1𝑑𝑥 = ∫1 (𝑢 + 1)√𝑢𝑑𝑢 =𝑢+1
3 1
= ∫(𝑢 + 𝑢 )𝑑𝑢|212 2 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥
3 1
= ∫ 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 + ∫ 𝑢 𝑑𝑢|21
2 2
5 3
𝑢2 𝑢2 2
= 5 + 3 |1
2 2
5 3
2 2
= 𝑢 + 𝑢 |21 2 2
5 3
5 3
2 2
= 5 (𝑥 − 1) + 3 (𝑥 − 1) |21
2 2 0
5 3 5 3
2 2 2 2
= [5 (2 − 1) + 3 (2 − 1) ] − [5 (1 − 1) + 3 (1 − 1) ]
2 2 2 2
2 2
=5+3
3(2) + 5(2)
=
15
16
=
15
3 3𝑥 2 −1 3 𝑑𝑢
• ∫2 𝑑𝑥 = ∫2
(𝑥 3 −𝑥)2 𝑢2
𝑢 = 𝑥3 − 𝑥
𝑑𝑢 = 3𝑥 2 − 1
3
= ∫ 𝑢−2 𝑑𝑢
2
3
𝑢−1
= 2
−1
3
1
=− 2
𝑢
1 3
=−
𝑥3 − 𝑥 2
1 1
= −[ 3 − ]
(3) − 3 (3)3 − 2
1 1
= −( − )
24 6
1
= − (− )
8
1
=
8
1 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥
• ∫0 1+𝑥 4
𝑢 = 1 + 𝑥4
𝑑𝑢 = 4𝑥 2
1
𝑑𝑢 = 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥
4 1
𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥
∫ 0
1 + 𝑢4
1 1 1
= ∫ 𝑑𝑢
4 𝑢 0
1 1
= (𝐿𝑛|𝑢|)
4 0
1 1
4
= (𝐿𝑛|1 + 𝑥 |)
4 0
1
= [𝐿𝑛|1 + 14 | − 𝐿𝑛|1 + 04 |]
4
1
= [𝐿𝑛|2| − 𝐿𝑛|1|]
4
1
= 𝐿𝑛(2)
4
2 1 2 1 2 1
• ∫1 (1 + 𝑥) (𝑥 2) 𝑑𝑥𝑢 = 1 + 𝑥
1 1
𝑑𝑢 = − − 𝑑𝑢 =
𝑥2 𝑥2
2 1 2
(1 + 𝑥 )
∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥2
1
3
2
2
∫ −𝑢 𝑑𝑢
2
3
2
− ∫ 𝑢2 𝑑𝑢
2
3
𝑢3 2
−( ∫ )
3 2
2
8
−( 3 )3 −
3 3
37
=
24
𝜋
• ∫04 sec 𝑥 tan 𝑥 √1 + sec 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑢 = 1 + 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥𝑑𝑢 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥.𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝜋
4
∫ √𝑢𝑑𝑢
0
1 𝜋
∫ 𝑢2 𝑑𝑢 4
0
3
𝜋
𝑢2
4
3
2 0
𝜋
4
2 3 𝜋
∫ sec 𝑥 tan 𝑥 √1 + sec 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = [(1 + sec 𝑥)2 ] 4
3 0
0
2 3 3
[(1 + sec 𝑥)2 −(1 + sec 0)2 ]
3
2 3 3
[(1 + √2)2 −(1 + 12 ]
3
2 3 3
[(1 + √2)2 −22 ]
3
2 3
[(1 + √2)2 −√23 ]
3
2 3
[(1 + √2)2 −√8]
3
2 3
= [(1 + √2)2 −2√2]
3
−1 𝑑𝑥
• ∫−2 𝑢 = 𝑥 − 1𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥
(𝑥−1)2
−1
1
∫ 𝑑𝑥
(𝑥 − 1)2
−2
−1
1
∫
𝑢2
−2
1
=−
𝑢
1
=−
𝑥−1
1 −1
=− |
𝑥−1
−2
1 1
=− − (− )
−1 − 1 −2 − 1
1
=
6
2𝜋 𝑥 𝑥
• ∫𝜋 𝑠𝑒𝑛 (2) 𝑑𝑥 𝑢 = 2 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥
2𝜋
∫ 2𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑢)𝑑𝑢
𝜋
2 ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑢)𝑑𝑢
= 2(− cos(𝑢))
𝑥
= 2(− cos ( )
2
𝑥 2𝜋
= −2 cos ( ) |
2
𝜋
2𝜋 𝜋
= −2 cos ( ) − (−2 cos ( ))
2 2
= −2 cos(𝜋) + 2 ∗ 0
= −2(−1) + 0 = 2
𝟐 𝒙 2 −𝑢+3
• ∫𝟎 𝒅𝒙 = ∫0 𝑑𝑢
𝟑−𝒙 𝑢 Cambio de variable:
2 2
𝑢 3 𝑢 = 3 − 𝑥 → −𝑢 + 3 = 𝑥
= ∫ − ( ) 𝑑𝑢 + ∫ 𝑑𝑢
𝑢 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = −𝑑𝑥
0 0
2 2
𝑢 𝑑𝑢
= ∫ − ( ) 𝑑𝑢 + 3 ∫
𝑢 𝑢
0 0
2
= −𝑥 + 3 ln|𝑢| |
0
2
= −𝑥 + 3 ln|3 − 𝑥| |
0
= −2 + 3 ln|3 − 2| − [−(0)] + 3 ln|3 − 0|
= −2 + 3 ln|1| + 0 + 3 ln|3|
= −2 + 3 ln|3|
𝟐 2 2
5.∫−𝟏(𝒙𝟑 − 𝟏)𝒅𝒙 = ∫−1 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥 − ∫−1 1𝑑𝑥
𝑥4 2
= −𝑥|
4 −1
(2)4 (−1)4
= −2−( − (−1))
4 4
3
=
4
𝟑 𝒅𝒙 1 3 𝑑𝑢
• ∫𝟎 = ∫0
𝟒𝒙+𝟏 4 𝑢 Cambio de variable:
1
= ln|𝑢| 𝑢 = 4𝑥 + 1
4 𝑑𝑢 = 4𝑑𝑥
1
= ln|4𝑥 + 1||30 0
4
1 1
= ln|4(3) + 1| − ln|4(0) + 1|
4 4
1
= ln|13|
4
Cambio de variable
𝑢´ = 𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 + 1
1 𝑥 2 +1
• ∫0 𝑥 3+3𝑥+1 𝑢´ = 3𝑥 2 + 3
𝑑𝑢 = 3(𝑥 2 + 1)
= 3(𝑥 2 + 1)
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑢 = 3(𝑥 2 + 1)𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑥 =
3(𝑥 2 +1)
1
𝑥2 + 1
∫ 3 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 + 3𝑥 + 1
0
1
𝑥2 + 1 𝑑𝑢
∫ . [ 2 + 1)
]
0 𝑢 3(𝑥
𝑑𝑢 1 1 1
= ∫ |
𝑢 3 𝑢 0
1 1
= . 𝐿𝑛|𝑢| |
3 0
1 1
= 𝐿𝑛|𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 + 1| |
3 0
1 1
= [ 𝐿𝑛|(1)3 + 3(1) + 1| − 𝐿𝑛|(0)3 + 3(0) + 1|]
3 3
1 1
= 𝐿𝑛5 − 𝐿𝑛1
3 3
1
= 𝐿𝑛5
3
𝜋 1+cos(2∙3𝑥) 1+cos(6𝑥)
• ∫0 cos 2 3𝑥𝑑𝑥 2
= 2
1
= 2 (1 + cos(6𝑥))
1+cos(2𝑥)
cos2 𝑥 2
𝜋1
= ∫0 (1 + cos(6𝑥))𝑑𝑥
2
𝜋 𝜋
1
= (∫ 1𝑑𝑥 + ∫ cos(6𝑥)𝑑𝑥 )
2 0 0
𝜋
∫ 1𝑑𝑥 = 𝜋
0
𝜋
∫ cos(6𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 0
0
1
= (𝜋 + 0)
2
𝜋
=
2
4 4 4 4
• ∫1 (2𝑥 2 + √𝑥 − 𝑥)𝑑𝑥 ∫1 2𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = 2. ∫1 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
4 4 44 𝑥 2+1 𝑥3
∫1 2𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 + ∫1 √𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − ∫1 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 [
2+1
] = 2[ ]
3
14 𝑥3 1
42 + − 8𝐼𝑛(2) lim =
3 𝑥→1 3 3
140 𝑥2 64
−8𝐼𝑛(2) + lim = =42
3 𝑥→−4 3 3
4 4 1
∫1 √𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫1 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
1
3
𝑥 2 +1 2
[1 ] = [3 𝑥 ] 2
+1
2
3 3
2 2 2
lim 𝑥 2 = − 12 =
𝑥→1 3 3 3
3 3
2 2 16 14
lim 𝑥 = −4 =
2 2 =
𝑥→−4 3 3 3 3
44 41
∫1 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 4 ∫1 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 4[𝐼𝑛|𝑥|]
lim(𝐼𝑛|𝑥|) = 0
𝑥→1
4(2𝐼𝑛(2)) = 8𝐼𝑛(2)