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PRACTICA 28-03

• lim┬(𝑥 → −1)⁡ 〖(𝑥^2 − 1)/(𝑥^2 + 3 + 2)〗


= lim┬(𝑥 → −1)⁡ 〖(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 1)/(𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 + 1)⁡〗
〖 = lim┬(𝑥 → −1)〗⁡ 〖((𝑥 − 1))/((𝑥 + 2)⁡)〗
= (−1 − 1)/(−1 + 2)
= (−2)/1
= −2

• lim┬(𝑥 → 2)⁡ 〖(𝑥^3 − 2𝑥^2)/(√(𝑥 + 2) − 2)〗

= lim┬(𝑥 → 2)⁡ 〖(𝑥^3 − 2𝑥^2)/(√(𝑥 + 2) − 2)〗 ∙ (√(𝑥 + 2) + 2)/(√(𝑥 + 2) + 2)

= lim┬(𝑥 → 2)⁡ 〖(𝑥^2⁡(𝑥 − 2)(√(𝑥 + 2) + 2))/(√(𝑥 + 2) − 2)(√(𝑥 + 2) + 2)⁡〗

= lim┬(𝑥 → 2)⁡ 〖(𝑥^2⁡(𝑥 − 2)(√(𝑥 + 2) + 2))/((√(𝑥 + 2))^2 − (2)^2⁡)〗

= lim┬(𝑥 → 2)⁡ 〖(𝑥^2⁡(𝑥 − 2)(√(𝑥 + 2) + 2))/(𝑥 + 2 − 4)〗

= lim┬(𝑥 → 2)⁡ 〖(𝑥^2⁡(𝑥 − 2)(√(𝑥 + 2) + 2))/(𝑥 − 2)〗

= lim┬(𝑥 → 2)⁡ 〖𝑥^2⁡〗⁡(√(𝑥 + 2) + 2)

= 〖(2)〗^2⁡(√(2 + 2) + 2)

= 4(√4 + 2)
= 4(2 + 2)
= 4(4)
= 16

• lim┬(𝑥 → 0)⁡ 〖(√(1 + 𝑥) − √(1 − 𝑥))/𝑥〗

= lim┬(𝑥 → 0)⁡ 〖(√(1 + 𝑥) − √(1 − 𝑥))/𝑥〗 ∙ (√(1 + 𝑥) + √(1 − 𝑥))/(√(1 + 𝑥)


+ √(1 − 𝑥))

= lim┬(𝑥 → 0)⁡ 〖((√(1 + 𝑥))^2 − (√(1 − 𝑥))^2)/𝑥(√(1 + 𝑥) + √(1 − 𝑥))⁡〗

= lim┬(𝑥 → 0)⁡ 〖(1 + 𝑥 − (1 − 𝑥))/𝑥(√(1 + 𝑥) + √(1 − 𝑥))⁡〗

= lim┬(𝑥 → 0)⁡ 〖2𝑥/𝑥(√(1 + 𝑥) + √(1 − 𝑥))⁡〗


= lim┬(𝑥 → 0)⁡ 〖2/(√(1 + 𝑥) + √(1 − 𝑥))〗

= 2/(√(1 + 0) + √(1 − 0))


= 2/(1 + 1)
= 2/2
=1

• lim┬(𝑥 → −1)⁡ 〖(𝑥^2 − 2𝑥 − 3)/(𝑥^3 − 1)〗


〖 = lim┬(𝑥 → −1)〗⁡((𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 + 1)/(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥^2 − 𝑥 + 1)⁡)
= lim┬(𝑥 → −1)⁡((𝑥 − 3)/(𝑥^2 − 𝑥 + 1))
= (−1 − 3)/((−1)^2 − (−1) + 1)
= (−4)/(1 + 1 + 1)
= −4/3

• lim┬(𝑥 → 0)⁡ 〖(√(2𝑥^2 + 1) − 1)/𝑥^2⁡〗

= lim┬(𝑥 → 0)⁡ 〖(√(2𝑥^2 + 1) − 1)/𝑥^2⁡〗 ∙ (√(2𝑥^2 + 1) + 1)/(√(2𝑥^2 + 1) + 1)

= lim┬(𝑥 → 0)⁡ 〖((√(〖2𝑥〗^2 + 1))^2 − (1)^2)/(𝑥^2⁡)(√(2𝑥^2 + 1) + 1)⁡〗

= lim┬(𝑥 → 0)⁡ 〖(2𝑥^2 + 1 − 1)/(𝑥^2⁡)(√(2𝑥^2 + 1) + 1)⁡〗

= lim┬(𝑥 → 0)⁡ 〖2/(√(〖2𝑥〗^2 + 1) + 1)〗

= 2/(√(2(0)^2 + 1) + 1)

= 2/(√1 + 1)
= 2/(1 + 1) ⁡⁡⁡⁡ = 2/2
=1

• lim┬(𝑥 → 2)⁡ 〖(𝑥^3 − 2𝑥^2)/(√(𝑥 + 2) − 2)〗

= lim┬(𝑥 → 2)⁡ 〖(𝑥^3 − 2𝑥^2⁡)(√(𝑥 + 2) + 2)/(𝑥 − 2)〗

= lim┬(𝑥 → 2)⁡ 〖(𝑥^2⁡(𝑥 − 2)(√(𝑥 + 2) + 2))/(𝑥 − 2)〗

= lim┬(𝑥 → 2)⁡ 〖𝑥^2⁡(√(𝑥 + 2) + 2)〗


〖 = 2〗^2⁡(√(2 + 2) + 2)
= 16
• lim┬(𝑡 → −2)⁡ 〖(𝑡^3 + 8)/(𝑡^2 + 𝑡 − 2)〗
= lim┬(𝑡 → −2)⁡ 〖(𝑡 + 2)(𝑡^2 − 2𝑡 + 4)/(𝑡(𝑡 + 2) − (𝑡 + 2)⁡)〗
= lim┬(𝑡 → −2)⁡ 〖(𝑡 + 2)(𝑡^2 − 2𝑡 + 4)/(𝑡 + 2)(𝑡 − 1)⁡〗
= lim┬(𝑡 → −2)⁡ 〖(𝑡^2 − 2𝑡 + 4)/(𝑡 − 1)〗
= (−2^2 − 2(−2) + 4)/(−2 − 1)
= −4

• lim┬(𝑥 → 7)⁡ 〖(3 − √(𝑥 + 2))/(𝑥^2 − 8𝑥 + 7)〗

= lim┬(𝑥 → 7)⁡ 〖3 − √(𝑥 + 2)〗/lim┬(𝑥 → 7)⁡(𝑥 − 7)(𝑥 − 1)⁡

= (3 − √(7 + 2))/(7 − 7)(7 − 1)⁡

= (3 − √9)/6
= (3 − 3)/6⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡ = 0/0
=0

• lim┬(𝑥 → 4)⁡ 〖(3 − √(5 + 𝑥))/(1 − √(5 − 𝑥))〗

= lim┬(𝑥 → 4)⁡ 〖(3 − √(5 + 𝑥))/(1 − √(5 − 𝑥))〗 ∙ (1 + √(5 − 𝑥))/(1 + √(5 − 𝑥))

= lim┬(𝑥 → 4)⁡ 〖(3 − √(5 + 𝑥))(1 + √(5 − 𝑥))/(1 − (5 − 𝑥)⁡)〗 ∙ (3 + √(5 + 𝑥))/(3
+ √(5 + 𝑥))
= (−2)/6
= (−1)/3

• lim┬(𝑥 → 1)⁡ 〖(𝑥^3 + 𝑥^2 − 2)/(1 − 𝑥^3⁡)〗


= lim┬(𝑥 → 1)⁡((𝑥^3 + 𝑥^2 − 2)/(1 − 𝑥)(1 + 𝑥 + 𝑥^2⁡)⁡)
= lim┬(𝑥 → 1)⁡((𝑥^2⁡(𝑥 − 1) + 2(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 1))/(−(𝑥 − 1)(1 + 𝑥 + 𝑥^2⁡)⁡))
= lim┬(𝑥 → 1)⁡((−(𝑥^2 + 2𝑥 + 2))/(1 + 𝑥 + 𝑥^2⁡))
= lim┬(𝑥 → 1)⁡ 〖(𝑥^2 + 2𝑥 + 2)/(𝑥^2 + 𝑥 + 1)〗
= (1^2 + 2(1) + 2)/(1^2 + 1 + 1)
= −5/3

• lim┬(𝑡 → 1)⁡ 〖(𝑡^4 − 1)/(𝑡^3 − 1)〗


= lim┬(𝑡 → 1)⁡ 〖(𝑡^2⁡)(𝑡 + 1)(𝑡 − 1)/(𝑡 − 1)(𝑡^2 + 𝑡 + 1)⁡〗
= lim┬(𝑡 → 1)⁡ 〖(𝑡^2 + 1)(𝑡 + 1)/((𝑡^2 + 𝑡 + 1)⁡)〗
= [(1)^2 + 1](1 + 1)/((1)^2 + 1 + 1)
= (2)(2)/3
= 2/3

• lim┬(𝑥 → 0)⁡ 〖((𝑥 + 3)^2 − 9)/𝑥〗


= lim┬(𝑥 → 0)⁡((𝑥^2 + 6𝑥 + 9 − 9)/𝑥)
= lim┬(𝑥 → 0)⁡((𝑥^2 + 6𝑥)/𝑥)
= lim┬(𝑥 → 0)⁡(𝑥(𝑥 + 6)/𝑥)
= lim┬(𝑥 → 0)⁡(𝑥 + 6)
= (0 + 6) ⁡⁡ = 6
• lim┬(𝑡 → −1)⁡ 〖(𝑡^6 − 1)/(𝑡^4 − 1)〗
= lim┬(𝑡 → −1)⁡ 〖(𝑡^3 − 1)(𝑡^3 + 1)/(𝑡^2 − 1)(𝑡^2 + 1)⁡〗
= lim┬(𝑡 → −1)⁡ 〖(𝑡 − 1)(𝑡^2 + 𝑡 + 1)(𝑡 + 1)(𝑡^2 − 𝑡 + 1)/(𝑡 − 1)(𝑡 + 1)(𝑡^2
+ 1)⁡〗
= lim┬(𝑡 → −1)⁡ 〖(𝑡^2 + 𝑡 + 1)(𝑡^2 − 𝑡 + 1)/(𝑡^2 + 1)〗
= lim┬(𝑡 → −1)⁡ 〖((𝑡^2 + 1)^2 − 𝑡^2)/(𝑡^2 + 1)〗
= lim┬(𝑡 → −1)⁡((𝑡^4 + 〖2𝑡〗^2 + 1 − 𝑡^2)/(𝑡^2 + 1))
= lim┬(𝑡 → −1)⁡ 〖(𝑡^4 + 𝑡^2 + 1)/(𝑡^2 + 1)〗
= ((−1)^4 + (−1)^2 + 1)/((−1)^2 + 1)
= (1 + 1 + 1)/(1 + 1)
= 3/2
• lim┬(𝑡 → 2)⁡ 〖(𝑡^3 + 3𝑡^2 + 𝑡 − 2)/(𝑡^3 + 8)〗
= ((2)^3 + 3(2)^2 + 2 − 2)/((2)^3 + 8)
= (8 + 12 + 2 − 2)/(8 + 8)
= 20/16
= 5/4

PRACTICA 01-04
• lim┬(𝑥 → −∞)⁡ 〖𝑥/√(𝑥^2 − 𝑥)〗
Comprobación:
(= lim)┬(𝑥 → −∞)⁡ 〖(𝑥/𝑥)/(√(𝑥^2 − 𝑥)/𝑥)〗 𝑥 −∞ −∞
lim = =
√𝑥〗− 𝑥→−∞
𝑥 √(−∞) − ∞ < 0 2 2 ∞
(= lim)┬(𝑥 → −∞)⁡ 〖(𝑥/𝑥)/(√(𝑥^2 − 𝑥)/(−√(𝑥^2⁡))) ⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡𝑦𝑎⁡𝑞𝑢𝑒⁡𝑥
= −√(𝑥^2⁡) = 𝐼𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑑𝑎

= lim┬(𝑥 → −∞)⁡ 〖𝑥/𝑥〗/lim┬(𝑥 → −∞)⁡ 〖 − √(𝑥^2/𝑥^2⁡ − 𝑥/𝑥^2⁡)〗⁡

(= lim)┬(𝑥 → −∞)⁡ 〖1/(−√(1 − 0))〗

= 1/(−√(1 − 0))

= 1/(−√1)
= 1/(−1)
= -1

• lim┬(𝑥 → ∞)⁡(𝑥^2/(𝑥 − 1) − (𝑥^2 + 1)/(𝑥 − 2))⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡(𝑥 −


1)(𝑥 − 2)⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡(+∞)/(+∞)

= ⁡⁡⁡lim┬(𝑥 → ∞)⁡ 〖((𝑥 − 2)(𝑥^2⁡) − (𝑥 − 1)(𝑥^2 + 1))/(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 − 2)⁡〗


= ⁡⁡⁡lim┬(𝑥 → ∞)⁡ 〖(𝑥^3 − 2𝑥^2 − (𝑥^3 + 𝑥 − 𝑥^2 − 1))/(𝑥^2 − 2𝑥 − 𝑥 + 2)〗

= ⁡⁡⁡lim┬(𝑥 → ∞)⁡ 〖(𝑥^3 − 2𝑥^2 − 𝑥^3 − 𝑥 + 𝑥^2 + 1)/(𝑥^2 − 3𝑥 + 2)〗

= ⁡⁡⁡lim┬(𝑥 → ∞)⁡ 〖(−𝑥^2 − 𝑥 + 1)/(𝑥^2 − 3𝑥 + 2)〗

= ⁡⁡⁡lim┬(𝑥 → ∞)⁡ 〖(−𝑥^2 − 𝑥 + 1)/(𝑥^2/((𝑥^2 − 3𝑥 + 2)/𝑥^2⁡))〗

= ⁡⁡⁡lim┬(𝑥 → ∞)⁡ 〖((−1 − 1)/(⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡𝑥) + 1/𝑥^2⁡)/((1 − 3)/(⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡𝑥) + 2/𝑥^2⁡)〗

= ⁡⁡ (−1 − 0 + 0)/(1 − 0 + 0)

= ⁡⁡ (−1)/1
= -1

• lim┬(𝑥 → −∞)⁡ 〖√(𝑥^2 − 1)/(𝑥 + 1) = 〗

= lim┬(𝑥 → −∞)⁡ 〖(√(𝑥^2 − 1)/𝑥)/(𝑥/𝑥 + 1/𝑥)〗

= lim┬(𝑥 → −∞)⁡ 〖√((𝑥^2 − 1)/(−√(𝑥^2⁡)))/(𝑥/𝑥 + 1/𝑥)〗

= −lim┬(𝑥 → −∞)⁡(√(1 − 1/𝑥^2⁡))/lim┬(𝑥 → −∞)⁡(1 + 1/𝑥)⁡

= −√(1 − 0)/(1 + 0)

= −1/1
= −1

• lim┬(𝑥 → ∞)⁡ 〖(4𝑥^3 + 1)/(2𝑥^3 + 1)〗

= lim┬(𝑥 → ∞)⁡ 〖((4𝑥^3)/𝑥^3⁡ + 1/𝑥^3⁡)/(〖2𝑥〗^3/𝑥^3⁡ + 1/𝑥^3⁡)〗

= lim┬(𝑥 → ∞)⁡ 〖(4 + 1/𝑥^3⁡)/(2 + 1/𝑥^3⁡)〗

= (lim┬(𝑥 → ∞)⁡4 + lim┬(𝑥 → ∞)⁡⁡1/𝑥^3⁡)/(lim┬(𝑥 → ∞)⁡2 + lim┬(𝑥 → ∞)⁡⁡1/𝑥^3⁡)

= (4 + 0)/(2 + 0)

= 4/2

=2

• lim┬(𝑥 → 〖 − 1〗^+⁡)⁡ 〖(𝑥^2 − 1)/(𝑥^3 + 1)〗


lim┬(𝑥 → 〖 − 1〗^+⁡)⁡ 〖((𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 1))/((𝑥 + 1)(𝑥^2 − 𝑥 + 1))〗
lim┬(𝑥 → 〖 − 1〗^+⁡)⁡ 〖(𝑥 − 1)/(𝑥^2 − 𝑥 + 1)〗
lim┬(𝑥 → 〖 − 1〗^+⁡)⁡ 〖(〖(−1)〗^2 − 1)/(〖(−1)〗^2 − 1 + 1)〗
= (−2)/(1 + 1 + 1)
= −2/3

• lim┬(𝑥 → 0^+⁡)⁡ 〖(〖4𝑥〗^3 + 1)/(〖2𝑥〗^3 + 1)〗


= (4〖(0)〗^3 + 1)/(2〖(0)〗^3 + 1)
= (0 + 1)/(0 + 1)
= 1/1 = 1

• ⁡⁡〖⁡Lim┬(𝑥 → 0)〗⁡ 〖√(𝑥 + 3) ⁡⁡ − ⁡ √(𝑥 − 3)〗

Lim┬(𝑥 → ∞)⁡ 〖√(𝑥 + 3)/√𝑥 − √(𝑥 − 3)/√𝑥〗

Lim┬(𝑥 → ∞)⁡[√(𝑥/𝑥 + 3/𝑥) ⁡⁡ − ⁡ √(𝑥/𝑥 − 3/𝑥)]

Lim┬(𝑥 → ∞)⁡[√(1 + 3/𝑥) ⁡⁡ − ⁡ √(1 − 3/𝑥)]

Lim┬(𝑥 → ∞)⁡[√(1 + 3/∞) ⁡⁡ − ⁡ √(1 − 3/∞)]

= ⁡ [√(1 + 0) ⁡⁡ − ⁡ √(1 − 0)]


= 1-1
=0
• (𝐿𝑖𝑚)┬(𝑥 → −∞)⁡ 〖(2𝑥 + 1)/√(𝑥^2 + 2)〗

= (𝐿𝑖𝑚)┬(𝑥 → −∞)⁡⁡((2𝑥 + 1)/𝑥)/(√(𝑥^2 + 2)/𝑥)

=(𝐿𝑖𝑚)┬(𝑥 → −∞)⁡⁡(2 + 1/𝑥)/(√(𝑥^2 + 2)/(−√(𝑥^2⁡)))

= ((𝐿𝑖𝑚)┬(𝑥 → −∞)⁡(2 + 1/𝑥))/((𝐿𝑖𝑚)┬(𝑥 → −∞)⁡√(1 + 𝑥⁡2/𝑥^2⁡))

= (2 + 0)/(−√(1 + 0))

= −2

• 〖⁡lim┬(𝑡 → 5)〗⁡ 〖(𝑡^2 − 25)/(𝑡 − 5) = ((𝑡 − 5)(𝑡 + 5))/(𝑡 − 5)〗


=𝑡+5
=5+5
= 10
• lim┬(𝑥 → ∞)⁡ 〖(∜(𝑥^2 + 1) + 1)/(√(𝑥 + 1) + √(𝑥 − 1)) = (∜(∞ + 1) + 1)/
(√(∞ + 1) + √(∞ − 1))〗

= (∜∞ + 1)/(√∞ + √∞)


= (∞ + 1)/(∞ + ∞)
= ∞/∞

lim┬(𝑥 → ∞)⁡⁡(∜(𝑥^2 + 1) + 1)/(√(𝑥 + 1) + √(𝑥 − 1)) = lim┬(𝑥


→ ∞)⁡(((∜(𝑥^2 + 1) + 1)/√𝑥)/((√(𝑥 + 1) + √(𝑥 − 1))/√𝑥))
= lim┬(𝑥 → ∞)⁡((∜(𝑥^2/𝑥^2⁡ + 1/𝑥^2⁡) + 1/√𝑥)/(√(𝑥/𝑥 + 1/𝑥) + √(𝑥/𝑥 − 1/𝑥)))
= lim┬(𝑥 → ∞)⁡((∜(1 + 1/𝑥^2⁡) +Ya1/√𝑥)/(√(1
que: + 1/𝑥) + √(1 − 1/𝑥)))
4
= ((∜(1 + 0) + 0)/(√(1 + 0) + √(1 −√0)))
𝑥 = √𝑥 2
= ((∜1 + 0)/(√1 + √1))
= (1 + 0)/(1 + 1)
= 𝟏/𝟐
• lim┬(𝑥 → ∞)⁡ 〖(5𝑥^3 − 2𝑥^2 + 3⁡)/(𝑥^3 − 𝑥 + 1⁡)〗
lim┬(𝑥 → ∞)⁡ 〖(𝑥^3⁡(5 − 2/𝑥 + ⁡3/𝑥^3⁡))/(𝑥^3⁡(1 − 1/𝑥^2⁡ + ⁡1/𝑥^3⁡)⁡)〗
lim┬(𝑥 → ∞)⁡ 〖(5 − ⁡2/𝑥 + ⁡3/𝑥^3⁡)/(1 − ⁡1/𝑥^2⁡ + ⁡1/𝑥^3⁡)〗
= ⁡⁡ (5 − 0 − 0⁡)/(1 − 0 + 0) = ⁡⁡5/1 = 5

• lim┬(𝑥 → ∞)⁡ 〖(𝑥^2 − 1)/(𝑥^3 + 1)〗


lim┬(𝑥 → ∞)⁡⁡(𝑥^3⁡(1/𝑥 − ⁡1/𝑥^3⁡))/(𝑥^3 + 1)
lim┬(𝑥 → ∞)⁡⁡⁡(𝑥^3⁡(1/𝑥 − ⁡1/𝑥^3⁡))/(𝑥^3⁡⁡(1 + 1/𝑥^3⁡⁡⁡)⁡)
lim┬(𝑥 → ∞)⁡⁡⁡(⁡1/𝑥 − 1/𝑥^3⁡⁡⁡)/(1 + ⁡1/𝑥^3⁡)
= ⁡⁡ (0 − 0)/(1 + 0⁡) = 0

• lim┬(𝑥 → 1^+⁡)⁡⁡⁡(𝑥 + 1⁡)/(𝑥^2 − 1⁡)


lim┬(𝑥 → 1^+⁡)⁡⁡⁡(𝑥 + 1)/((𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 1⁡))
= (1 + 1⁡)/(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 1⁡)⁡
= ⁡⁡2/(0)(2)⁡
= ⁡⁡2/0⁡⁡ = ⁡∞

• lim┬(𝑥 → −∞)⁡(√(𝑥^2 − 3𝑥) − √(𝑥^2 + 𝑥))

Solución:
Multiplicamos por el conjugado del numerador:

= lim┬(𝑥 → −∞)⁡ 〖(√(𝑥^2 − 3𝑥) − √(𝑥^2 + 𝑥)). ((√(𝑥^2 − 3𝑥) + √(𝑥^2


+ 𝑥)))/((√(𝑥^2 − 3𝑥) + √(𝑥^2 + 𝑥))⁡)〗

= lim┬(𝑥 → −∞)⁡ 〖((√(𝑥^2 − 3𝑥))^2 − (√(𝑥^2 + 𝑥))^2)/(√(𝑥^2 + 3𝑥) + √(𝑥^2


+ 𝑥))〗

= lim┬(𝑥 → −∞)⁡ 〖(𝑥^2 − 3𝑥 − 𝑥^2 − 𝑥)/(√(𝑥^2 + 𝑥) + √(𝑥^2 + 𝑥))〗

= lim┬(𝑥 → −∞)⁡ 〖(−4𝑥)/(√(𝑥^2 + 4) + √(𝑥^2 + 2))〗

Ya⁡que⁡𝑥 → −∞, 𝑥 = −√(𝑥^2⁡)


= lim┬(𝑥 → −∞)⁡ 〖(−4𝑥/𝑥)/(−√(𝑥^2/𝑥^2⁡ + 3𝑥/𝑥^2⁡) − √(𝑥^2/𝑥^2⁡ + 𝑥/𝑥^2⁡))〗

= lim┬(𝑥 → −∞)⁡ 〖(−4)/(−√(1 + 3/𝑥) − √(1 + 1/𝑥))〗

= ⁡ 〖(−4)/(−√(1 + 0) − √(1 + 0))〗

= ⁡ 〖(−4)/(−√1 − √1)〗
= ⁡ 〖(−4)/(−1 − 1)〗
= ⁡ 〖(−4)/(−2)〗
=2

• ⁡⁡⁡lim┬(𝑥 → ∞)⁡ 〖(2𝑥 + 1)/√(𝑥^2 + 2) = lim┬(𝑥 → ∞)⁡⁡((2𝑥 +


2
1)/𝑥)/(√(𝑥^2 + 2)/𝑥)〗 Ya que x>0 y 𝑥 = √𝑥
= lim┬(𝑥 → ∞)⁡⁡(2 + 1/𝑥)/√((𝑥^2 + 2)/𝑥^2⁡)
= lim┬(𝑥 → ∞)⁡⁡(2 + 1/𝑥)/√(1 + 2/𝑥^2⁡)
= lim┬(𝑥 → ∞)⁡ 〖(2 + 1/𝑥)〗/(lim┬(𝑥 → ∞)⁡√(1 + 2/𝑥^2⁡))

= (2 + 0)/√(1 + 0)
= 2⁡

• 〖⁡⁡lim┬(𝑥 → −∞)〗⁡ 〖(2𝑥 + 1)/√(𝑥^2 + 2) = 〗⁡⁡⁡lim┬(𝑥 → −∞)⁡ 〖((2𝑥 +


1)/𝑥)/(√(𝑥^2 + 2)/𝑥)〗

〖 = lim┬(𝑥 → −∞)〗⁡ 〖(2 + 1/𝑥)/(√(𝑥^2 + 2)/(−√(𝑥^2⁡)))〗


= (lim┬(𝑥 → −∞)⁡(2 + 1/𝑥))/(lim┬(𝑥 → −∞)⁡√(1 + 2/𝑥^2⁡))

= (2 + 0)/(−√(1 + 0))
= ⁡ −2

• (𝐥𝐢𝐦)┬(𝒙 → ∞)⁡(√(𝒙 + 𝟐) − 𝒙)

= lim┬(𝑥 → ∞)⁡ 〖(⁡⁡⁡(√(𝑥 + 2) − 𝑥)(√(𝑥 + 2) ⁡⁡ + ⁡𝑥)⁡⁡⁡⁡)/((√(𝑥 + 2) ⁡⁡ + ⁡𝑥)⁡⁡⁡)〗⁡⁡

= lim┬(𝑥 → ∞)⁡⁡(⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡𝑥 + 2 − 𝑥^2⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡)/(√(𝑥 + 2⁡) + 𝑥)

= lim┬(𝑥 → ∞)⁡⁡(⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡𝑥/𝑥 + 2/𝑥 − 𝑥^2/𝑥⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡)/((√(𝑥 + 2⁡) + 𝑥)/𝑥) ya que, x>0 =


√(𝑥^2⁡)
= (lim┬(𝑥 → ∞)⁡ 〖𝑥/𝑥〗⁡⁡ + lim┬(𝑥 → ∞)⁡⁡2/𝑥⁡⁡ − ⁡lim┬(𝑥 → ∞)⁡⁡𝑥^2/𝑥)/
(⁡(lim⁡)┬(𝑥 → ∞)⁡⁡√(𝑥/𝑥^2⁡) + ⁡⁡ (lim⁡)┬(𝑥 → ∞)⁡⁡√(2/𝑥^2⁡)⁡⁡(+⁡lim)┬(⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡𝑥 →
∞)⁡⁡𝑥/𝑥^2⁡) Evaluar

= lim┬(𝑥 → ∞)⁡⁡(⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡1 + 0 − 𝑥⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡)/(√(1/𝑥 + 2/𝑥^2⁡⁡⁡) + 1)

= lim┬(𝑥 → ∞)⁡⁡(⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡1 + 0 − 𝑥⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡)/(√(0⁡) + 1)

= (1 + 0 − 𝑥)/(√0 + 1⁡)
= (1 + 0 − ∞)/(0⁡ + 1⁡)
= (−∞)/(1⁡)
= −∞

• (𝐥𝐢𝐦)┬(𝒙 → −∞)⁡ 〖(〖⁡⁡⁡𝒙〗^𝟓 − 〖𝟑𝒙〗^𝟑 + 𝒙^𝟐 − 𝒙 + 𝟐⁡⁡⁡)/(𝒙^𝟒 − 〖𝟑𝒙〗


^𝟑 − 𝒙 + 𝟑)〗
= lim┬(𝑥 → −∞)⁡ 〖⁡(⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡𝑥^5/(⁡⁡⁡𝑥^4⁡) ⁡⁡ − ⁡ (⁡〖3𝑥〗^3)/𝑥^4⁡⁡⁡ + ⁡𝑥^2/𝑥^4⁡⁡⁡ −
⁡𝑥/𝑥^4⁡⁡⁡ + ⁡2/𝑥^4⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡)/(𝑥^4/𝑥^4⁡⁡⁡ − ⁡ (⁡〖3𝑥〗^3)/𝑥^4⁡⁡⁡ − ⁡𝑥/𝑥^4⁡⁡⁡ + ⁡3/𝑥^4⁡)⁡⁡⁡〗⁡⁡⁡⁡
= lim┬(𝑥 → −∞)⁡ 〖⁡(⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡𝑥/(⁡1) ⁡⁡ − ⁡ (⁡3)/𝑥⁡⁡ + ⁡1/𝑥^2⁡⁡⁡ − ⁡1/𝑥^3⁡⁡⁡ + ⁡2/𝑥^4⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡)/(1⁡ −
⁡(⁡3)/𝑥⁡⁡ − ⁡1/𝑥^3⁡⁡⁡ + ⁡3/𝑥^4⁡)⁡⁡⁡〗⁡⁡⁡⁡
= lim┬(𝑥 → −∞)⁡ 〖⁡⁡𝑥⁡ − ⁡lim┬(𝑥 → −∞)⁡⁡(⁡3)/𝑥⁡⁡ + ⁡lim┬(𝑥 → −∞)⁡⁡⁡1/(𝑥^2⁡⁡) ⁡⁡ −
⁡lim┬(𝑥 → −∞)⁡⁡1/𝑥^3⁡⁡⁡ + lim┬(𝑥 → −∞)⁡⁡2/𝑥^4⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡〗/(⁡(lim⁡)┬(𝑥 → −∞)⁡⁡1⁡⁡ −
⁡⁡(lim⁡)┬(𝑥 → −∞)⁡⁡3/𝑥⁡⁡⁡ − ⁡⁡ (lim⁡)┬(𝑥 → −∞)⁡⁡⁡1/𝑥^3⁡⁡⁡⁡ + ⁡⁡ (lim⁡)┬(𝑥 →
−∞)⁡⁡3/𝑥^4⁡)⁡⁡ Evaluar

= (⁡⁡⁡−∞ − 0 + 0 − 0 + 0)/(1 − 0 − 0 + 0)⁡⁡⁡⁡


= (⁡⁡⁡−∞)/1⁡⁡⁡ ya que x<0 = -∞

= −∞

• 〖(𝐥𝐢𝐦)┬(𝒙 → ∞)⁡⁡〗⁡ 〖(⁡⁡⁡⁡√(〖𝟒𝒙〗^𝟒 + 𝒙^𝟐⁡) + 𝟏⁡⁡⁡⁡)/(𝒙^𝟐 + 𝟏)〗


= lim┬(𝑥 → ∞)⁡ 〖(⁡⁡⁡⁡(⁡⁡⁡√(〖4𝑥〗^4 + 𝑥^2⁡) + 1⁡)/𝑥^2⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡)/((𝑥^2 + 1)/𝑥^2⁡)〗
= lim┬(𝑥 → ∞)⁡ 〖(⁡⁡⁡⁡(⁡⁡⁡√(〖4𝑥〗^4 + 𝑥^2⁡) + 1⁡)/√(𝑥^2⁡)⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡)/(𝑥^2/𝑥^2⁡ +
⁡1/𝑥^2⁡)〗 ya que, x>0 = √(𝑥^2⁡) → 𝑥^2. 𝑥^2 = ⁡ √(𝑥^4⁡)

= lim┬(𝑥 → ∞)⁡ 〖(⁡⁡⁡⁡√(〖4𝑥〗^4/𝑥^4⁡⁡⁡ + ⁡⁡𝑥^2/𝑥^4⁡⁡⁡+⁡)⁡⁡1/𝑥^4⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡)/(𝑥^2/𝑥^2⁡ +


⁡1/𝑥^2⁡)〗

= lim┬(𝑥 → ∞)⁡ 〖√(〖4𝑥〗^4/𝑥^4⁡) ⁡⁡ + ⁡lim┬(𝑥 → ∞)⁡⁡√(𝑥^2/𝑥^4⁡) ⁡⁡ + ⁡lim┬(𝑥 →


∞)⁡⁡√(1/𝑥^4⁡)〗/(⁡(lim⁡)┬(𝑥 → ∞)⁡⁡𝑥^2/𝑥^2⁡⁡⁡ + ⁡⁡lim┬(𝑥 → ∞)⁡⁡1/𝑥^2⁡) Evaluar

= (⁡⁡⁡⁡√(4⁡⁡ + ⁡⁡1/𝑥^2⁡⁡⁡+⁡)⁡⁡1/𝑥^4⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡)/(1⁡ + ⁡1/𝑥^2⁡)

=(⁡⁡⁡⁡√(4⁡⁡ + ⁡⁡0⁡+⁡)⁡⁡0⁡⁡⁡)/(1⁡ + ⁡0)

=(⁡⁡⁡√4⁡⁡⁡⁡)/(1⁡)
=(⁡⁡⁡2⁡⁡⁡)/(1⁡)
=2

• (𝐥𝐢𝐦)┬(𝒙 → ∞)⁡(√(𝒙^𝟐 − 𝟓𝒙) − 𝒙)

= lim┬(𝑥 → ∞)⁡ 〖(⁡⁡⁡(√(𝒙^𝟐 − 𝟓𝒙) − 𝒙)⁡⁡(√(𝒙^𝟐 − 𝟓𝒙) ⁡⁡ + 𝒙⁡)⁡⁡⁡⁡)/((√(𝒙^𝟐 − 𝟓𝒙) ⁡⁡ +


𝒙)⁡)〗⁡⁡

= lim┬(𝑥 → ∞)⁡ 〖(⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡𝒙^𝟐 − 𝟓𝒙 − 𝒙^𝟐⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡)/(√(𝒙^𝟐 − 𝟓𝒙) ⁡⁡ + ⁡𝒙)〗⁡⁡

= lim┬(𝑥 → ∞)⁡ 〖⁡(⁡⁡(⁡⁡⁡⁡−𝟓𝒙)/𝒙⁡⁡⁡)/((√(𝒙^𝟐 − 𝟓𝒙) ⁡⁡ + ⁡𝒙)/𝒙)⁡⁡〗⁡⁡

= lim┬(𝑥 → ∞)⁡ 〖⁡(⁡⁡(⁡⁡⁡⁡−𝟓𝒙)/𝒙⁡⁡⁡)/((√(𝒙^𝟐 − 𝟓𝒙) ⁡⁡ + ⁡𝒙)/𝒙^𝟐⁡)⁡⁡〗⁡⁡ ya que, x> o


=√(𝑥^2⁡)

= lim┬(𝑥 → ∞)⁡⁡(⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡(⁡⁡⁡⁡−𝟓𝒙⁡⁡)/𝒙⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡)/(√(𝑥^2/𝑥^2⁡⁡⁡ − ⁡5𝑥/𝑥^2⁡⁡⁡) + 𝑥/𝑥^2⁡)

= lim┬(𝑥 → ∞)⁡ 〖(⁡⁡⁡⁡−𝟓𝒙⁡⁡)/𝒙〗/(⁡(lim⁡)┬(𝑥 → ∞)⁡⁡√(𝑥^2/𝑥^2⁡) ⁡⁡ − ⁡⁡ (lim⁡)┬(𝑥 →


∞)⁡⁡√(5𝑥/𝑥^2⁡)⁡⁡(+⁡lim)┬(⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡𝑥 → ∞)⁡⁡𝑥/𝑥^2⁡) Evaluar

= (−5)/(√(1 − 5/𝑥) ⁡⁡ + 1)

= (−5)/(√(1 − 0) ⁡⁡ + 1)
= (−5)/(1⁡ + 1)
= −5/2

PRACTICA 11-04 Y 13-04


• lim┬(𝑥 → 0)⁡ 〖(3𝑥 + sin⁡ 2𝑥)/𝑥〗
lim┬(𝑥 → 0)⁡ 〖((3𝑥 + sin⁡ 2𝑥)/𝑥)/(𝑥/𝑥)〗
lim┬(𝑥 → 0)⁡ 〖(3 + sin⁡ 2𝑥/𝑥)/1〗
lim┬(𝑥 → 0)⁡ 〖(3 + 2(sin⁡ 2𝑥/2𝑥)^1)/1〗
= (3 + 2(1))/1
= (3 + 2)/1
=5

• lim┬(𝑥 → 0)⁡ 〖(4𝑥 + sin⁡ 3𝑥)/(𝑥⁡sec⁡ 𝑥⁡)〗 = (4(0) + sin⁡ 〖3(0)〗


)/(0⁡sec⁡ 0⁡) = (0 + 0)/((0)(1)) = 0/0
= lim┬(𝑥 → 0)⁡ 〖4𝑥/(𝑥⁡sec⁡ 𝑥⁡) + sin⁡ 3𝑥/(𝑥⁡sec⁡ 𝑥⁡)〗
= lim┬(𝑥 → 0)⁡ 〖4/sec⁡ 𝑥⁡ + 3[sin⁡ 3𝑥/3𝑥 ∙ 1/sec⁡ 𝑥⁡]〗
= lim┬(𝑥 → 0)⁡ 〖4/sec⁡ 𝑥⁡ + lim┬(𝑥 → 0)⁡ 3⁡(sin⁡ 3𝑥/3𝑥)〗 ∙ lim┬(𝑥
→ 0)⁡ 〖1/sec⁡ 𝑥⁡〗
= 4/sec⁡ 〖(0)〗⁡ + (3)(1/sec⁡ 〖(0)〗⁡)
= 4/1 + (3)(1/1)
= 4/1 + 3/1
= (4 + 3)/1
=7 sí existe.
• lim┬(𝑥 → 0)⁡ 〖(sin⁡ 𝑥 − tan⁡ 𝑥)/(1 − cos⁡ 𝑥⁡)〗
= lim┬(𝑥 → 0)⁡ 〖sin⁡ 〖𝑥 − sin⁡ 𝑥/cos⁡ 𝑥⁡〗/(1 − cos⁡ 𝑥⁡)〗
= lim┬(𝑥 → 0)⁡ 〖(sin⁡ 〖𝑥(cos⁡ 𝑥⁡) − sin⁡ 𝑥⁡〗/cos⁡ 𝑥⁡)/(1 − cos⁡ 𝑥⁡)〗
= lim┬(𝑥 → 0)⁡ 〖sin⁡ 〖𝑥(cos⁡ 𝑥⁡) − sin⁡ 𝑥⁡〗/cos⁡ 𝑥(1 − cos⁡ 𝑥⁡)⁡〗
= lim┬(𝑥 → 0)⁡ 〖sin⁡ 𝑥(cos⁡ 〖𝑥 − 1〗⁡)/cos⁡ 𝑥(1 − cos⁡ 𝑥⁡)⁡〗
= lim┬(𝑥 → 0)⁡ 〖sin⁡ 𝑥(1 − cos⁡ 𝑥⁡)/cos⁡ 𝑥(1 − cos⁡ 𝑥⁡)⁡〗
= lim┬(𝑥 → 0)⁡ 〖sin⁡ 𝑥/cos⁡ 𝑥⁡〗
= lim┬(𝑥 → 0)⁡ 〖 − tan⁡ 𝑥⁡〗
= −tan⁡(0)
=0

• lim┬(𝑥 → 0)⁡ 〖cos⁡ 𝑥/(1 − sin⁡ 𝑥⁡)〗


= cos⁡(0)/(1 − sin⁡(0)⁡)
= 1/(1 − 0)
= 1/1
=1

• lim┬(𝑥 → 0)⁡ 〖(𝑥 − sin⁡ 3𝑥)/(𝑥 + sin⁡ 2𝑥⁡)〗


= lim┬(𝑥 → 0)⁡ 〖((𝑥 − sin⁡ 3𝑥)/𝑥)/((𝑥 + sin⁡ 2𝑥)/𝑥)〗
= lim┬(𝑥 → 0)⁡ 〖(1 − sin⁡ 3𝑥/𝑥)/(1 + sin⁡ 2𝑥/𝑥)〗
= lim┬(𝑥 → 0)⁡ 〖(1 − 3(sin⁡ 𝑥/3𝑥))/(1 − 2(sin⁡ 𝑥/2𝑥)⁡)〗
= (1 − 3(1))/(1 − 2(1)⁡)
= 2/3
• lim┬(𝑥 → ∞)⁡ 〖(2^𝑥 + 1)/5^𝑥⁡ = (2^∞ + 1)/5^∞⁡〗 = ∞/∞
indeterminada
= lim┬(𝑥 → ∞)⁡ 〖(2^𝑥 + 1)/5^𝑥⁡〗
= lim┬(𝑥 → ∞)⁡ 〖(5^𝑥⁡((2/5)^𝑥 + 1/5^𝑥⁡))/5^𝑥⁡〗
= lim┬(𝑥 → ∞)⁡ 〖(2/5)^𝑥 + 1/5^𝑥⁡〗
=0+0
=0

• lim┬(𝑥 → 0)⁡ 〖(tan⁡ 𝑥 − sin⁡ 𝑥)/𝑥^3⁡〗


= lim┬(𝑥 → 0)⁡ 〖(sin⁡ 𝑥/cos⁡ 𝑥⁡ − sin⁡ 𝑥)/𝑥^3⁡〗
= lim┬(𝑥 → 0)⁡ 〖(sin⁡ 〖𝑥 − sin⁡ 〖𝑥 ∙ cos⁡ 𝑥⁡〗⁡〗/cos⁡ 𝑥⁡)/𝑥^3⁡〗
= lim┬(𝑥 → 0)⁡ 〖sin⁡ 〖𝑥 − sin⁡ 〖𝑥 ∙ cos⁡ 𝑥⁡〗⁡〗/(𝑥^3⁡⁡cos⁡ 𝑥⁡)〗
= lim┬(𝑥 → 0)⁡ 〖sin⁡ 𝑥(1 − cos⁡ 𝑥⁡)/(𝑥^3⁡⁡cos⁡ 𝑥⁡)〗
= lim┬(𝑥 → 0)⁡ 〖sin⁡ 𝑥(1 − cos⁡ 𝑥⁡)/(𝑥^3⁡⁡cos⁡ 𝑥⁡)〗 ∙ ((1 + cos⁡ 𝑥⁡))/((1 + cos⁡ 𝑥⁡)⁡)
= lim┬(𝑥 → 0)⁡ 〖sin⁡ 𝑥(1 − cos^2⁡ 𝑥⁡)/(𝑥^3⁡⁡cos⁡ 𝑥⁡(1 + cos⁡ 𝑥⁡)⁡)〗
= lim┬(𝑥 → 0)⁡ 〖sin⁡ 𝑥(sin^2⁡ 𝑥⁡)/(𝑥^3⁡⁡cos⁡ 𝑥⁡(1 + cos⁡ 𝑥⁡)⁡)〗
= lim┬(𝑥 → 0)⁡ 〖sin^3⁡ 𝑥/(𝑥^3⁡⁡cos⁡ 𝑥⁡(1 + cos⁡ 𝑥⁡)⁡)〗
= lim┬(𝑥 → 0)⁡ 〖(sin⁡ 𝑥/𝑥)^3⁡⁡⁡lim┬(𝑥 → 0)⁡(1/cos⁡ 𝑥(1 + cos⁡ 𝑥⁡)⁡)⁡〗
= (1)^3⁡(1/1(1 + 1)⁡) = 1/2

• lim┬(𝑥 → 0)⁡ 〖sin⁡ 2𝑥/tan⁡ 3𝑥⁡ = sin⁡ 〖(0)〗/tan⁡ 〖(0)〗⁡〗 = 0/0


= lim┬(𝑥 → 0)⁡ sin⁡ 〖2𝑥 ∙ 1/tan⁡ 3𝑥⁡〗⁡

= lim┬(𝑥 → 0)⁡ sin⁡ 〖2𝑥 ∙ cot⁡ 3𝑥⁡〗⁡


= lim┬(𝑥 → 0)⁡ sin⁡ 〖2𝑥 ∙ cos⁡ 3𝑥/sin⁡ 3𝑥⁡〗⁡

= lim┬(𝑥 → 0)⁡ sin⁡ 〖2𝑥 ∙ 1/sin⁡ 3𝑥⁡〗⁡ ∙ cos⁡ 3𝑥

= lim┬(𝑥 → 0)⁡ 〖(2𝑥 ∙ sin⁡ 2𝑥)/2𝑥〗 ∙ 3𝑥/(3𝑥 ∙ sin⁡ 3𝑥⁡) ∙ cos⁡ 3𝑥

= lim┬(𝑥 → 0)⁡ 〖2𝑥/3𝑥 ∙ sin⁡ 2𝑥/2𝑥 ∙ 3𝑥/sin⁡ 3𝑥⁡〗 ∙ cos⁡ 3𝑥

= 2/3 ∙ 1 ∙ 1 ∙ cos⁡ 〖3(0)〗

= 2/3 ∙ 1 ∙ 1 ∙ 1

= 2/3

• lim┬(𝑥 → 0)⁡ 〖sin⁡ 〖5𝑥 − sin⁡ 3𝑥⁡〗/sin⁡ 𝑥⁡〗

= lim┬(𝑥 → 0)⁡ 〖(2⁡cos⁡ 〖((5 + 3)/2)⁡⁡sin⁡((5 − 3)/2)⁡〗)/sin⁡ 𝑥⁡〗

= lim┬(𝑥 → 0)⁡ 〖(2⁡cos⁡ 〖(4𝑥)⁡⁡sin⁡(𝑥)⁡〗)/sin⁡ 𝑥⁡〗

= lim┬(𝑥 → 0)⁡(2⁡cos⁡(4𝑥)⁡)

= 2⁡cos⁡ 〖(4 × 0)〗

= 2(1)

=2

• lim┬(𝑥 → 0)⁡ 〖(1 − cos⁡ 4𝑥)/𝑥^2⁡〗 = (1⁡cos⁡ 〖4(0)〗)/((0)^2⁡) = 0/0


indeterminada

= lim┬(𝑥 → 0)⁡ 〖(1 − cos⁡ 4𝑥)/𝑥^2⁡〗 ∙ (1 + cos⁡ 4𝑥)/(1 + cos⁡ 4𝑥⁡)

= lim┬(𝑥 → 0)⁡ 〖((1 − cos^2⁡ 4𝑥⁡))/(𝑥^2⁡(1 + cos⁡ 4𝑥⁡)⁡)〗

= lim┬(𝑥 → 0)⁡ 〖sin^2⁡ 4𝑥/(𝑥^2⁡(1 + cos⁡ 4𝑥⁡)⁡)〗


= lim┬(𝑥 → 0)⁡ 〖sin^2⁡ 4𝑥/𝑥^2⁡〗 ∙ 1/(1 + cos⁡ 4𝑥⁡)

= lim┬(𝑥 → 0)⁡ 〖(sin⁡ 4𝑥/𝑥)^2⁡〗 ∙ 1/(1 + cos⁡ 4𝑥⁡)

= lim┬(𝑥 → 0)⁡ 〖(4^2⁡(sin⁡ 4𝑥⁡)^2)/(4𝑥)^2⁡〗 ∙ 1/(1 + cos⁡ 4𝑥⁡)

= lim┬(𝑥 → 0)⁡ 〖16(sin⁡ 4𝑥/4𝑥)^2⁡〗 ∙ 1/(1 + cos⁡ 4𝑥⁡)

= 16⁡⁡lim┬(𝑥 → 0)⁡ 〖⁡(1)^2⁡〗 ∙ 1/(1 + cos⁡ 4𝑥⁡)

= 16(1)^2 ∙ 1/(1 + 1)

= 16 ∙ 1/2
⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡= 8
PRACTICA 20-04

2𝑥 − 1,⁡⁡⁡𝑥 < 0
1
• 𝑓(𝑥) = {𝑥−1 ,⁡⁡⁡0 ≤ 𝑥 < 1
2𝑥 + 1,⁡⁡⁡𝑥 ≥ 1

2𝑥 − 1 1 2𝑥 + 1
𝑥−1
0 1

𝑥=0
• 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 1
𝑓(0) = 2(0) − 1 = 0 − 1 = 1
1 1 1
• lim = 0−1 = −1 = −1
𝑥→0+ 𝑥−1

lim 2𝑥 − 1 = 2(0) − 1 = 0 − 1 = −1
𝑥→0−
La función es discontinua en 𝒙 = 𝟎

𝑥=1
1 1 1
• 𝑓(1) = 𝑥−1 = 1−1 = 0 = ∞

• lim 2𝑥 + 1 = 2(1) + 1 = 2 + 2 = 3
𝑥→1+
1 1 1
lim− = = = =∞
𝑥→1 𝑥−1 1−1 0

𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒇(𝒙) ≠ 𝐥𝐢𝐦− 𝒇(𝒙) es discontinua en 𝒙 = 𝟏


𝒙→𝟏+ 𝒙→𝟏

Conclusión: es discontinuidad de salto.


𝑥 2 − 1,⁡⁡⁡𝑥 ≤ 0
• 𝑓(𝑥) = {
2𝑥 − 3,⁡⁡⁡𝑥 > 0

𝑓(0) = (0)2 − 1
= 0−1
⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡= −1

lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim𝑥 2 − 1 = (0)2 − 1 = −1


𝑥→0+ 𝑥→0

lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim 2𝑥 − 3 = 2(0) − 3 = −3


𝑥→0− 𝑥→0
La función es discontinua en 𝒙 = 𝟎

𝑥 2 −25
,⁡⁡⁡𝑥 ≠ 5
• { 𝑥−5
11,⁡⁡⁡𝑥 = 5
𝑓(11) = 5
𝑥 2 −25
lim−
𝑥→5 𝑥−5

𝑥 2 − 25
lim =
𝑥→5 𝑥−5
(𝑥 − 5)(𝑥 + 5)
⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡=
𝑥−5
=𝑥+5
⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡= 5 + 5
⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡= 10
La función es discontinua de salto cuando 𝒙 = 𝟓

𝑥 + 1,⁡⁡⁡𝑥 < 2
• 𝑓(𝑥) = {
2𝑥 − 1,⁡⁡⁡𝑥 ≥ 2
𝑓(2) = 𝑥 + 1 = 2 + 1 = 3
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim 𝑥 + 1 = 2 + 1 = 3
𝑥→2+ 𝑥→2

lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim 2𝑥 − 1 = 2(2) − 1 = 3


𝑥→2− 𝑥→2
La función es continua en 𝒙 = 𝟐
𝑥 2 −3𝑥+2
• 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 −1

𝐷 = (𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 1)
𝐷 = ℝ − {−1,1}

𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 2 (−1)2 − 3(−1) + 2 6 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 2 (−1)2 − 3(−1) + 2 6


lim = = = ∞⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡ lim − = = = −∞
𝑥→−1+ 𝑥2 − 1 (−1)2 − 1 0 𝑥→−1 𝑥2 − 1 (−1)2 − 1 0

𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 2 (1)2 − 3(1) + 2 0 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 2 (1)2 − 3(1) + 2 0


lim+ = = ⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡ lim = =
𝑥→1 𝑥2 − 1 (1)2 − 1 0 𝑥→1− 𝑥2 − 1 (1)2 − 1 0
Hay asíntotas verticales en 𝒙 = −𝟏

• GN=GD
𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 2
= lim
𝑥→∞ 𝑥2 − 1
𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 2
= lim 𝑥2
𝑥→∞ 2
𝑥 −1
𝑥2
3 2 y
1−𝑥+ 2
= lim 𝑥
𝑥→∞ 1
1− 2
𝑥
1−0+0
=
1−0
1
=
1 1
=1
x

𝑦=1 -1
1
,⁡⁡⁡𝑥 <0
• 𝑓(𝑥) = { 𝑥
𝑥 2 − 1,⁡⁡⁡𝑥 ≥ 0
𝑓(0) = (0)2 − 1 = −1⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡
1 1
lim− = = ∞
𝑥→0 𝑥 0
lim 𝑥 2 − 1 = (0)2 − 1 = −1
𝑥→0+

Las funciones son continuas en todos los números reales excepto en 𝑥 = 0 por lo tanto, es una discontinuidad
infinita.

2𝑥 + 1, 𝑥<2
18)⁡𝑓(𝑥) = { 2
𝑥 + 1, 𝑥≥2

𝑓(2) = (2)2 + 1 = 5

lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim ⁡𝑥 2 + 1 = (2)2 + 1 = 5


𝑥→2+ 𝑥→2

lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim ⁡2𝑥 + 1 = 2(2) + 1 = 5


𝑥→2− 𝑥→2

Es continua en 𝑥 = 2

√𝑥 2 + 1
8)⁡𝑓(𝑥) =
𝑥−3
Dominio: ℝ − {3}
√𝑥 2 + 1 √10
lim+ = =∞
𝑥→3 𝑥−3 0 y
√𝑥 2 + 1 √10
lim = = −∞
𝑥→3− 𝑥−3 0

2
𝑥=3
1
√ 𝑥2 + 1
√𝑥 2
+1 𝑥2 1
lim = = =1 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 x
𝑥→∞ 𝑥 − 3 𝑥 − 3 1−0
𝑥
1
√ 𝑥2 + 1
2
√𝑥 + 1 1
𝑥2
lim = = =1 -2
𝑥→−∞ 𝑥 − 3 𝑥 − 3 1−0
𝑥

𝑦=1
𝑥 2 +1
• 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥+3

Dominio: 𝑥 + 3 = 0
⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡𝑥 = −3
Dominio:ℝ − {−3}

𝑥 2 + 1 10
lim − = = −∞
𝑥→−3 𝑥 + 3 0
2
𝑥 + 1 10
lim = = +∞
𝑥→−3+ 𝑥 + 3 0

Si hay asíntota vertical en 𝑥 = −3


Asíntota horizontal → 𝐺𝑁 > 𝐺𝐷
Asíntota oblicua → 𝐺𝑁 − 𝐺𝐷 = 1

• Calculamos los limites


𝑥2 + 1 1
𝑓(𝑥) 𝑥2 + 1 2 1+ 2
lim = 2 = 𝑥 = 𝑥 = 1⁡ → 𝑚1
𝑥→−∞ 𝑥 𝑥 + 3𝑥 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 1 +
3
𝑥2 𝑥
−3𝑥 + 1 1
𝑥2 + 1 𝑥 2 + 1 − 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 −3𝑥 + 1 𝑥 −1 + 𝑥
lim [𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑚𝑥] = [ − 𝑥] = = = = = −3⁡ → 𝑏1
𝑥→−∞ 𝑥+3 𝑥+3 𝑥+3 𝑥+3 3
𝑥 1 + 𝑥

𝑥2 + 1 1
𝑓(𝑥) 𝑥2 + 1 2 1+ 2
lim = 2 = 𝑥 = 𝑥 = 1⁡ → 𝑚2
𝑥→∞ 𝑥 𝑥 + 3𝑥 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 1+𝑥
3
𝑥2
−3𝑥 + 1 1
𝑥2 + 1 𝑥 2 + 1 − 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 −3𝑥 + 1 𝑥 −1 + 𝑥
lim [ − 𝑥] = = = = = −3⁡ → 𝑏2
𝑥→∞ 𝑥 + 3 𝑥+3 𝑥+3 𝑥+3 3
𝑥 1 + 𝑥

• 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑏 y
𝑦 =𝑥−3
Por lo tanto, la recta 𝑦 = 𝑥 − 3,
es la asíntota oblicua de la 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥)

-3 3 x

-3
𝑥 2 − 3,⁡⁡⁡𝑥 < 1
• 𝑓(𝑥) = {−2𝑥,⁡⁡⁡1 ≤ 𝑥 < 3
𝑥 + 3,⁡⁡⁡𝑥 ≥ 3

𝑥2 − 3 −2𝑥 𝑥+3
1 3

• Para 𝑥 = 1
𝑓(1) = −2
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim−⁡𝑥 2 − 3 = (1)2 − 1 = −2
𝑥→1− 𝑥→1

lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim+ − 2𝑥 = −2(1) = −2


𝑥→1+ 𝑥→1

La función es continua en 𝑥 = 1

• Para 𝑥 = 3
𝑓(3) = 6
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim− − 2𝑥 = −2(3) = −6
𝑥→3− 𝑥→3

lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim+𝑥 + 3 = 3 + 3 = 6


𝑥→3+ 𝑥→3

La función es discontinua en 𝑥 = 3

Por lo tanto, la función es continua en todos los números reales excepto en 𝒙 = 𝟑, por lo que es una
discontinuidad de salto.
𝑥 + 5,⁡⁡⁡𝑥 ≤ −2
• 𝑓(𝑥) = {𝑥 2 − 1, −2 < 𝑥 ≤ 1
𝑥 + 2,⁡⁡⁡𝑥 > 1

𝑥+5 𝑥2 − 1 𝑥+2
-2 1

• 𝑥 = −2
𝑓(−2) = 𝑥 + 5 = −2 + 5 = 3

lim 𝑥 2 − 1 = (−2)2 − 1 = 4 − 1 = 3
𝑥→−2+

lim 𝑥 + 5 = −2 + 5 = 3
𝑥→−2−
La función es continua en 𝑥 = −2

• 𝑥=1

𝑓(1) = 𝑥 2 − 1 = 1 − 1 = 0
lim 𝑥 + 2 = 1 + 2 = 3
𝑥→1+

lim 𝑥 2 − 1 = 1 − 1 = 0
𝑥→1−

• lim ≠ lim−discontinua en 𝑥 = 1
𝑥→1+ 𝑥→1
• 𝑓(1) = lim−
𝑥→1
• 𝑥 = 1⁡es discontinuidad salto infinito
• 𝒇(𝒙) = {█(𝒙^𝟐 − 𝟒, 𝒙 < 𝟐@𝒂@𝒂@𝒂@𝒙 + 𝟒, 𝟐 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝟒@𝒂@𝒂@𝒂@𝒙^𝟐 + 𝟒,
𝒙 > 𝟒)┤

Solución:

Para⁡x = 2 Para⁡x = 4

𝑓(2) = 𝑥 + 4 𝑓(4) = 𝑥 + 4

𝑓(2) = 2 + 4 𝑓(4) = 4 + 4

𝒇(𝟐) = 𝟔 𝒇(𝟒) = 𝟖

lim− 𝑥 2 − 4 lim+ 𝑥 2 + 4 lim− 𝑥 + 4 lim 𝑥 2 + 4


𝑥→2 𝑥→2 𝑥→4 𝑥→4+

=(2)2 − 4 =(2)2 + 4 =4 + 4 =(4)2 + 4

=4−4 =4+4 =𝟖 = 16 + 4

=𝟎 =𝟖 = 𝟐𝟎

𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒇(𝒙) ≠ 𝐥𝐢𝐦+ 𝒇(𝒙) 𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒇(𝒙) ≠ 𝐥𝐢𝐦+ 𝒇(𝒙)


𝒙→𝟐− 𝒙→𝟐 𝒙→𝟒− 𝒙→𝟒

Conclusión: La función no es continua en x=2, ni x=4; donde en ambas hay una


discontinuidad de salto.
• 𝒇(𝒙) = {█(𝟑 − |𝒙|, 𝒙 < −𝟏@𝒂@𝒂@𝒂@|𝟑 − 𝒙|, −𝟏 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝟏@𝒂@𝒂@𝒂@𝟑 −
|𝒙 − 𝟏|, 𝒙 > 𝟏)┤

Solución:

Para⁡x = −1 Para⁡x = 1

𝑓(−1) = |3 − 𝑥| 𝑓(1) = |3 − 𝑥|

𝑓(−1) = |3 + 1| 𝑓(1) = |3 − 1|

𝒇(−𝟏) = 𝟒 𝒇(𝟏) = 𝟐

lim 3 − |𝑥| lim 3 − |𝑥 − 1| lim |3 − 𝑥| lim 3 − |𝑥 − 1|


𝑥→1− 𝑥→−1+ 𝑥→1− 𝑥→1+

= 3 − |−1| = 3 − | − 1 − 1| = |3 − 1| = 3 − |1 − 1|

=3−1 = 3 − |−2| =𝟐 =3−0

=𝟐 =3−2 =𝟑

=𝟏

𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒇(𝒙) ≠ 𝐥𝐢𝐦+ 𝒇(𝒙) 𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒇(𝒙) ≠ 𝐥𝐢𝐦+ 𝒇(𝒙)


𝒙→−𝟏− 𝒙→−𝟏 𝒙→𝟏− 𝒙→𝟏

Conclusión: La función no es continua en x=-1, ni x=1; donde en ambas hay una


discontinuidad de salto.
𝒙𝟑 −𝟖
, 𝒙 ≠ ±𝟐
𝒙𝟐 −𝟒
𝒂
• 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒂
𝟐,⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡𝒙 = ±𝟐
{ ⁡

Solución:

Para⁡x = −2 Para⁡x = 2

𝒇(−𝟐) = 𝟐 𝒇(𝟐) = 𝟐

𝑥3 − 8 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 4
lim = lim
𝑥→−2 𝑥 2 − 4 𝑥→−2 𝑥+2
(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 4) (2)2 + 2(2) + 4
= lim =
𝑥→−2 (𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 + 2) 2+2
𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 4 4+4+4
= lim =
𝑥→−2 𝑥+2 4
12
(−2)2 + 2(−2) + 4 =
= 4
−2 + 2
4−4+4 =𝟑
=
0
4
=
0
=∞

𝒇(−𝟐) ≠ 𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒇(𝒙) 𝒇(𝟐) ≠ 𝐥𝐢𝐦𝒇(𝒙)


𝒙→𝟐
𝒙→−𝟐

Conclusión: La función no es continua en x=-2, donde hay una discontinuidad


infinita; ni en x=2, donde hay una discontinuidad de salto.
• 𝒇(𝒙) = {█(𝟐𝒙 − 𝟏, 𝒙 < 𝟎@𝒂@𝒂@𝒂@𝟏/(𝒙 − 𝟏), 𝟎 ≤ 𝒙 < 𝟏@𝒂@𝒂@𝒂@𝟐𝒙 +
𝟏, 𝒙 ≥ 𝟏)┤

Solución:

Para⁡x = 0 Para⁡x = 1

1 𝑓(1) = 2𝑥 + 1
𝑓(0) =
𝑥−1 𝑓(1) = 2(1) + 1
1
𝑓(0) = 𝒇(𝟏) = 𝟑
0−1
𝒇(𝟎) = −𝟏

1 lim 2𝑥 + 1
lim− 2𝑥 − 1 1 lim− 𝑥→1+
𝑥→0 lim+ 𝑥→1 𝑥−1
𝑥→0 𝑥 − 1 = 2(1) + 1
= 2(0) − 1 1
1 =
= 1−1 =𝟑
=0−1 0−1
1
= −𝟏 = −𝟏 =
0
=∞

𝒇(𝟎) = 𝐥𝐢𝐦− 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝐥𝐢𝐦+ 𝒇(𝒙) 𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒇(𝒙) ≠ 𝐥𝐢𝐦+ 𝒇(𝒙)


𝒙→𝟏− 𝒙→𝟏
𝒙→𝟐 𝒙→𝟐

Conclusión: La función es continua en todo ℝ, a excepción de x=1; donde hay una


discontinuidad de salto.
• 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥^2 − 2𝑥 + 1)/(𝑥^4 − 16)
𝑥^4 + 16 = 0
𝑥^4 = −16

∜𝑥 = ±∜16

𝑥 = ±2
𝑥 = 2⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡𝑥 = −2

𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑎⁡𝑥 = 2 𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑎⁡𝑥 = −2
lim┬(𝑥 → 2)⁡ 〖(𝑥^2 − 2𝑥 + 1)/(𝑥^4 − 16)〗 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 1
lim
𝑥→−2 𝑥 4 − 16
= ((〖2)〗^2 − 2(2) + 1)/(2^4 − 16)
(−2)2 − 2(−2) + 1
= (4 − 4 + 1)/(16 − 16) =
−24 − 16
= 1/0 4+4+1
=
⁡⁡𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑢𝑎⁡𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑎⁡𝑒𝑛⁡𝑥 = 2 16 − 16
9
=
0
⁡𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎⁡𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑎⁡𝑒𝑛⁡𝑥 = −2
• 𝑓(𝑥)⁡⁡(𝑥 − 7)/(2𝑥^2 − 13𝑥 − 7)
2𝑥^2 − 13𝑥 − 7 = 0
2𝑥^2 + 𝑥 − 14𝑥 − 7 = 0
𝑥(2𝑥 + 1) − 7(2𝑥 + 1) = 0
(2𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 7) = 0

2𝑥 + 1 = 0 𝑥−7=0
2𝑥 = −1 𝑥=7
𝑥 = −1/2

𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑎⁡𝑥 = −1/2

lim┬(𝑥 → −1/2)⁡ 〖(𝑥 − 7)/(2𝑥^2 − 13𝑥 − 7)〗


= ((−1)/2 − 7⁡)/(2((−1)/2) − 13((−1)/2) − 7)⁡⁡
= ((−15)/2)/0 ∄
𝑥−7 0
lim =
𝑥→7 2𝑥 2 − 13𝑥 − 7 0
𝑥−7
lim
𝑥→7 (2𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 7)

1 1 1
𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑⁡𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑎⁡𝑒𝑛⁡𝑥 = −1/2 = =
2𝑥 + 1 2(7) + 1 14 + 1
1
= ⁡∄
15
𝑓(𝑥) = {█(0, &𝑥 < 0@𝑥^(1/𝑥⁡), &𝑥 > 0)┤ 1
𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑎⁡𝑒𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒⁡(7, )
15
𝐸𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠⁡𝑠𝑖⁡𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒⁡𝑙𝑎⁡𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛⁡𝑒𝑛⁡𝑥 = 0
𝐼𝑧𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑒𝑟𝑑𝑎 𝐷𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎
𝑓(𝑥) = 0 lim┬(𝑥 → 0^+⁡)⁡ 〖𝑓(𝑥) = lim┬(𝑥 →
0^+⁡)⁡𝑥^(1/𝑥)⁡〗

= 〖(0)〗^(1/0)
= 0⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑑𝑎
𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑎⁡𝑑𝑒⁡𝑠𝑎𝑙𝑡𝑜

𝑓(𝑥) = {█(𝑥⁡sin⁡ 𝑥, &𝑥 ≠ 0@1, &𝑥 = 0)┤


𝑓(0) = 1

lim┬(𝑋 → 0)⁡ 〖𝑥⁡sin⁡ 〖𝑥 = 0〗⁡〗⁡⁡sin⁡ 〖(0) = 0⁡⁡∄⁡〗

lim┬(𝑥 → 0)⁡ 〖𝑥⁡sin⁡ 〖𝑥⁡ ≠ 𝑓(0)〗⁡〗


𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑎⁡𝑑𝑒⁡𝑠𝑎𝑙𝑡𝑜

PRACTICA 27-04 Y 29-04


• 𝑓(𝑥) = √(𝑥 + 1) − 1
𝑓´(𝑥) = lim┬(ℎ → 0)⁡ 〖(𝑓(𝑥 + ℎ) − 𝑓(𝑥))/ℎ〗
= lim┬(ℎ → 0)⁡ 〖(𝑓(√(𝑥 + ℎ + 1) − 1) − (√(𝑥 + 1) − 1))/ℎ〗

= lim┬(ℎ → 0)⁡ 〖((√(𝑥 + ℎ + 1) − 1) − (√(𝑥 + 1) − 1) ∗ (√(𝑥 − ℎ + 1) + 1) + (√(𝑥


+ 1) + 1))/(ℎ(√(𝑥 + ℎ + 1) − 1) + (√(𝑥 + 1) + 1)⁡)〗

= lim┬(ℎ → 0)⁡ 〖(𝑥 + ℎ + 1 − 1 − 𝑥 + 1 − 1)/(ℎ(√(𝑥 + ℎ + 1) − 1) + (√(𝑥 + 1)


+ 1)⁡)〗

= lim┬(ℎ → 0)⁡ 〖1/((√(𝑥 + ℎ + 1)) + (√(𝑥 + 1))⁡)〗

= 1/((√(𝑥 + 0 + 1)) + (√(𝑥 + 1))⁡)

= 1/((√(𝑥 + 1)) + (√(𝑥 + 1))⁡)


Respuesta

= 𝟏/𝟐(√(𝒙 + 𝟏))⁡

• 𝑓(𝑥) = 10𝑥/3𝑥
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛:
𝑓’(𝑥) = lim┬(ℎ → 0)⁡ 〖(𝑓(𝑥 + ℎ) − 𝑓(𝑥))/ℎ〗

= lim┬(ℎ → 0)⁡ 〖((10 − (𝑥 + ℎ))/(3(𝑥 + ℎ)) − ((10 − 𝑥)/3𝑥))/ℎ〗

= lim┬(ℎ → 0)⁡ 〖((3𝑥(10 − 𝑥 − ℎ) − [(3𝑥 + 3ℎ)(10 − 𝑥)])/(3𝑥 + 3ℎ)(3𝑥)⁡)/ℎ〗

= lim┬(ℎ → 0)⁡ 〖(30𝑥 − 3𝑥^2 − 3𝑥ℎ − [30𝑥 − 3𝑥^2 + 30ℎ − 3𝑥ℎ])/ℎ(3𝑥


+ 3ℎ)(3𝑥)⁡〗

= lim┬(ℎ → 0)⁡ 〖(30𝑥 − 3𝑥^2 − 3𝑥ℎ − 30𝑥 + 3𝑥^2 − 30ℎ + 3𝑥ℎ)/ℎ(3𝑥 + 3ℎ)(3𝑥)⁡〗

= lim┬(ℎ → 0)⁡ 〖(−30ℎ)/ℎ(3𝑥 + 3ℎ)(3𝑥)⁡〗


= lim┬(ℎ → 0)⁡ 〖(−30)/(3𝑥 + 3ℎ)(3𝑥)⁡〗

= lim┬(ℎ → 0)⁡ 〖(−30)/(9𝑥^2 + 9𝑥ℎ)〗

= lim┬(ℎ → 0)⁡ 〖(−10)/(3𝑥^2 + 3𝑥ℎ)〗⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡

⁡⁡𝑓’(𝑥) = (−10)/(3𝑥^2⁡)
⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡

• 𝑓(𝑥) = √(𝑥^2 + 2𝑥)


𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛:
𝑓’(𝑥) = lim┬(ℎ → 0)⁡ 〖(𝑓(𝑥 + ℎ) − 𝑓(𝑥))/ℎ〗

= lim┬(ℎ → 0)⁡ 〖((√((𝑥 + ℎ) + 2(𝑥 + ℎ)⁡)) − (√(𝑥^2 + 2𝑥)))/ℎ〗

= lim┬(ℎ → 0)⁡ 〖((√((𝑥 + ℎ + 2)(𝑥 + ℎ)⁡)) − (√(𝑥^2 + 2𝑥)))/ℎ〗 • ⁡⁡ ((√((𝑥 + ℎ +


2)(𝑥 + ℎ)⁡)) + (√(𝑥^2 + 2𝑥)))/((√((𝑥 + ℎ + 2)(𝑥 + ℎ)⁡)) + (√(𝑥^2 + 2𝑥))⁡)

= lim┬(ℎ → 0)⁡ 〖((√((𝑥 + ℎ + 2)(𝑥 + ℎ)⁡))^2 − (√(𝑥^2 + 2𝑥))^2)/(ℎ(√((𝑥 + ℎ


+ 2)(𝑥 + ℎ)⁡)) + (√(𝑥^2 + 2𝑥))⁡)〗

= lim┬(ℎ → 0)⁡ 〖((𝑥 + ℎ + 2)(𝑥 + ℎ) − (𝑥^2 + 2𝑥))/(ℎ(√(𝑥^2 + ℎ𝑥 + ℎ𝑥 + ℎ^2


+ 2𝑥 + 2ℎ)) + (√(𝑥^2 + 2𝑥))⁡)〗

= lim┬(ℎ → 0)⁡ 〖(𝑥^2 + ℎ𝑥 + ℎ𝑥 + ℎ^2 + 2𝑥 + 2ℎ − 𝑥^2 − 2𝑥)/(ℎ(√(𝑥^2 + 2ℎ𝑥


+ ℎ^2 + 2𝑥 + 2ℎ)) + (√(𝑥^2 + 2𝑥))⁡)〗

= lim┬(ℎ → 0)⁡ 〖(2ℎ𝑥 + ℎ^2 + 2ℎ)/(ℎ(√(𝑥^2 + 2ℎ𝑥 + ℎ^2 + 2𝑥 + 2ℎ)) + (√(𝑥^2


+ 2𝑥))⁡)〗
= lim┬(ℎ → 0)⁡ 〖ℎ(2𝑥 + ℎ + 2)/(ℎ(√(𝑥^2 + 2ℎ + ℎ^2 + 2𝑥 + 2ℎ)) + (√(𝑥^2
+ 2𝑥))⁡)〗

= lim┬(ℎ → 0)⁡ 〖(2𝑥 + ℎ + 2)/((√(𝑥^2 + 2ℎ + ℎ + 2𝑥 + 2ℎ)) + (√(𝑥^2 + 2𝑥))⁡)〗

= (2𝑥 + 2)/((√(𝑥^2 + 2𝑥)) + (√(𝑥^2 + 2𝑥))⁡)

= 2(𝑥 + 1)/(2√((𝑥^2 + 2𝑥)⁡))

= (𝑥 + 1)/√((𝑥^2 + 2𝑥)⁡)⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡𝑎^(𝑚/𝑛) = √(𝑛&(𝑎)^𝑚⁡)

= ⁡⁡ (𝑥 + 1)/(𝑥^2 + 2𝑥)^(1/2)⁡

• ⁡𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥^3 − 2𝑥

𝑓´(𝑥) = lim┬(ℎ → 0)⁡ 〖(〖(𝑥 + ℎ)〗^3 − 2(𝑥 + ℎ) − (𝑥^3 − 2𝑥))/ℎ〗

𝑓´(𝑥)(= lim)┬(ℎ
→ 0)⁡ 〖(𝑥^3 + 3𝑥^2. ℎ + 3𝑥. ℎ^2 + ℎ^3 − 2𝑥 − 2ℎ − 𝑥^3
+ 2𝑥)/ℎ〗

𝑓´(𝑥) = lim┬(ℎ → 0)⁡ 〖(3𝑥^2⁡ℎ + 3𝑥ℎ^2 + ℎ^3 − 2ℎ)/ℎ〗

𝑓´(𝑥)(= lim)┬(ℎ → 0)⁡ 〖(ℎ(3𝑥^2 + 3𝑥ℎ + ℎ^2 − 2))/ℎ〗

𝑓´(𝑥) = lim┬(ℎ → 0)⁡ 〖3𝑥^2⁡〗 + 0 + 0 − 2

𝑓´(𝑥) ⁡⁡ = ⁡ 〖3𝑥^2⁡〗 − 2
1) La ecuación de desplazamiento de una partícula en función de tiempo (s) está
dado por s(t)=3t2 – t + 3 donde (s) está dado en metros

a) Halle la velocidad promedio de la partícula en el intervalo [2,3]


𝑉⁡𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑚 = (𝑠(3) − 𝑠(2))/(3 − 2) = (3(3)^2 − 3 + 3 − (3(2)^2 − 2 + 3))/1
= (27 − (12 + 1))/1
= 14⁡⁡𝑚 ⁄ 𝑠
b) Halle la velocidad instantánea de la partícula en el instante t= 3s.
𝑉 = lim┬(ℎ → 0)⁡ 〖(𝑠(3 + ℎ) − 𝑠(3))/ℎ〗 = lim┬(ℎ
→ 0)⁡ 〖(3〖(3 + ℎ)〗^2 − (3 + ℎ) + 3 − (3(3)^2 − 3 + 3))/ℎ〗

= lim┬(ℎ → 0)⁡ 〖(3(9 + 6ℎ + ℎ^2⁡) − 3 − ℎ + 3 − 27)/ℎ〗

= lim┬(ℎ → 0)⁡ 〖(27 + 18ℎ + 3ℎ^2 − ℎ − 27)/ℎ〗

= lim┬(ℎ → 0)⁡ 〖(ℎ(18 + 3ℎ − 1))/ℎ〗

= 18 + 3(0) − 1

= 17⁡𝑚 ⁄ 𝑠
c) Determine la velocidad instantánea de la partícula en cualquier instante t
𝑉 = lim┬(ℎ → 0)⁡ 〖(3〖(𝑡 + ℎ)〗^2 − (𝑡 + ℎ) + 3 − (3𝑡^2 − 𝑡 + 3))/ℎ〗

= lim┬(ℎ → 0)⁡ 〖(3(𝑡^2 + 2𝑡ℎ + ℎ^2⁡) − 𝑡 − ℎ + 3 − 3𝑡^2 + 𝑡 − 3)/ℎ〗

= lim┬(ℎ → 0)⁡ 〖(3𝑡^2 + 6𝑡ℎ + 3ℎ^2 − ℎ − 3𝑡^2)/ℎ〗

= lim┬(ℎ → 0)⁡ 〖(ℎ(6𝑡 + 3ℎ − 1))/ℎ〗

= 6𝑡 + 3(0) − 1

= 6𝑡 − 1

• 𝑓(𝑥) = 〖3𝑥〗^2 − 6𝑥 + 3, 𝑃(0,3)


Solución:
Se evalúala función en el punto 0
𝑓(0) = 3(0)^2 − 6(0) + 3
𝑓(0) = 3

𝑚_𝑇 = lim┬(ℎ → 0)⁡ 〖(𝑓(0 + ℎ) − 𝑓(0))/ℎ〗


𝑚_𝑇 = lim┬(ℎ → 0)⁡ 〖(3(0 + ℎ)^2 − 6(0 + ℎ) + 3 − 3)/ℎ〗
𝑚_𝑇 = lim┬(ℎ → 0)⁡ 〖(3[(0)^2 + 2(0)(ℎ) + (ℎ)^2⁡] − 6ℎ + 3 − 3)/ℎ〗
𝑚_𝑇 = lim┬(ℎ → 0)⁡ 〖(3ℎ^2 − 6ℎ)/ℎ〗
𝑚_𝑇 = lim┬(ℎ → 0)⁡ 〖(ℎ(3ℎ − 6))/ℎ〗
𝑚_𝑇 = lim┬(ℎ → 0)⁡ 〖3ℎ − 6〗
𝑚_𝑇 = 3(0) − 6
𝑚_𝑇 = −6

Ecuación de la recta tangente


𝑦 − 𝑓(𝑥_0⁡) = 𝑚_𝑇⁡(𝑥 − 𝑥_0)
𝑦 − 3 = −6(𝑥 − 0)
𝑦 = −6𝑥 + 3

Ecuación de la recta normal


𝑦 − 𝑓(𝑥_0⁡) = −1/𝑚_𝑇⁡(𝑥 − 𝑥_0)
𝑦 − 3 = −1/(−6)(𝑥 − 0)
𝑦 = 1/6⁡𝑥 + 3
• La siguiente ecuación de la posición de una partícula s=s (t)=t3-6t2+9t, donde t se
mide en segundos y s en metros.

a) Encuentre la velocidad instantánea de la partícula en cualquier instante t.


𝑣 = lim┬(ℎ → 0)⁡ 〖(𝑠(𝑡 + ℎ) − 𝑠(𝑡))/ℎ〗
𝑣 = lim┬(ℎ → 0)⁡ 〖([(𝑡 + ℎ)^3 − 6(𝑡 + ℎ)^2 + 9(𝑡 + ℎ)] − [𝑡^3 − 6𝑡^2
+ 9𝑡])/ℎ〗
𝑣 = lim┬(ℎ → 0)⁡ 〖((𝑡^3 + 〖3𝑡〗^2⁡ℎ + 〖3𝑡ℎ〗^2 + ℎ^3⁡) − 6(𝑡^2 + 2𝑡ℎ
+ ℎ^2⁡) + 9𝑡 + 9ℎ − 𝑡^3 + 6𝑡^2 − 9𝑡)/ℎ〗
𝑣 = lim┬(ℎ → 0)⁡ 〖(𝑡^3 + 〖3𝑡〗^2⁡ℎ + 〖3𝑡ℎ〗^2 + ℎ^3 − 6𝑡^2 − 12𝑡ℎ
− 6ℎ^2 + 9𝑡 + 9ℎ − 𝑡^3 + 6𝑡^2 − 9𝑡)/ℎ〗
𝑣 = lim┬(ℎ → 0)⁡ 〖(〖3𝑡〗^2⁡ℎ + 〖3𝑡ℎ〗^2 + ℎ^3 − 12𝑡ℎ − 6ℎ^2 + 9ℎ)/ℎ〗
𝑣 = lim┬(ℎ → 0)⁡ 〖(〖ℎ(3𝑡〗^2 + 3𝑡ℎ + ℎ^2 − 12𝑡 − 6ℎ + 9))/ℎ〗
𝑣 = lim┬(ℎ → 0)⁡ 〖〖3𝑡〗^2 + 3𝑡ℎ + ℎ^2 − 12𝑡 − 6ℎ + 9〗
𝑣 = 〖3𝑡〗^2 + 3𝑡(0) + (0)^2 − 12𝑡 − 6(0) + 9
𝑣 = 〖3𝑡〗^2 − 12𝑡 + 9

b) Determine la velocidad instantánea de la partícula en los instantes t=1s, t=2s, t=3s,


t=4s.

𝑣(1) = 𝑠^′⁡(1) = 3〖(1)〗^2 − 12(1) + 9


𝑣(1) = 0⁡𝑚/𝑠

𝑣(2) = 𝑠^′⁡(2) = 3〖(2)〗^2 − 12(2) + 9


𝑣(2) = −3⁡𝑚/𝑠

𝑣(3) = 𝑠^′⁡(3) = 3〖(3)〗^2 − 12(3) + 9


𝑣(3) = 0⁡𝑚/𝑠

𝑣(4) = 𝑠^′⁡(4) = 3〖(4)〗^2 − 12(4) + 9


𝑣(4) = 9⁡𝑚/𝑠

c) ¿Cuándo está en reposo la partícula?


R// La partícula está en reposo en los instantes t=1s y t=3s, ya que la velocidad
instantánea da 0 m/s.
𝑎3 − 𝑏 3 = (𝑎 − 𝑏)(𝑎2 + 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏 2 )
• 𝑓(𝑥) = ∛(𝑥 + 2)

𝑓`(𝑥) = lim┬(ℎ → 0)⁡ 〖(∛(𝑥 + ℎ + 2) − ⁡ ∛(𝑥 + 2))/ℎ〗

= lim┬(ℎ → 0)⁡ 〖⁡((∛(𝑥 + ℎ + 2) − ∛(𝑥 + 2))/ℎ〗⁡⁡[〖(∛(𝑥 + ℎ + 2))〗^2 + (∛(𝑥


+ ℎ + 2))(∛(𝑥 + 2)) + (〖∛(𝑥 + 2))〗^2⁡]/(〖(∛(𝑥 + ℎ + 2))〗^2
+ (∛(𝑥 + ℎ + 2))(∛(𝑥 + 2)) + (〖∛(𝑥 + 2))〗^2⁡)

= 〖lim┬(ℎ → 0)⁡⁡〗⁡ 〖((〖∛(𝑥 + ℎ + 2))〗^3 − 〖(∛(𝑥 + 2))〗^3)/(ℎ⁡(〖∛(𝑥 + ℎ


+ 2))〗^2 + (∛(𝑥 + ℎ + 2))(∛(𝑥 + 2)) + 〖(∛(𝑥 + 2))〗^2⁡)〗

= 〖lim┬(ℎ → 0)⁡⁡〗⁡ 〖(𝑥 + ℎ + 2 − 𝑥 − 2)/(ℎ〖⁡(∛(𝑥 + ℎ + 2))〗^2 + (∛(𝑥 + ℎ


+ 2))(∛(𝑥 + 2)) + (〖∛(𝑥 + 2))〗^2⁡)〗

= 〖lim┬(ℎ → 0)⁡⁡〗⁡ 〖1/((〖∛(𝑥 + ℎ + 2))〗^2 + (∛(𝑥 + ℎ + 2))(∛(𝑥 + 2))


+ 〖(∛(𝑥 + 2))〗^2⁡)〗

= 1/((〖∛(𝑥 + 0 + 2))〗^2 + (∛(𝑥 + 0 + 2))(∛(𝑥 + 2)) + (∛(𝑥 + 2))^2⁡)

= 1/((〖∛(𝑥 + 2))〗^2 + (∛(𝑥 + 2))(∛(𝑥 + 2)) + 〖(∛(𝑥 + 2))〗^2⁡)

= 1/(〖(∛(𝑥 + 2))〗^2 + 〖(∛(𝑥 + 2))〗^2 + 〖(∛(𝑥 + 2))〗^2⁡)

= 1/(3(〖∛(𝑥 + 2))〗^2⁡)
• 𝑓(𝑥) = 1/(3𝑥 − 2)
𝑓´(𝑥) = lim┬(ℎ → 0)⁡ 〖(𝑓(𝑥 + ℎ) − 𝑓(𝑥))/ℎ〗
𝑓´(𝑥) = lim┬(ℎ → 0)⁡ 〖(1/(3(𝑥 + ℎ) − 2) − 1/(3𝑥 − 2))/ℎ〗
𝑓´(𝑥) = lim┬(ℎ → 0)⁡ 〖((3𝑥 − 2 − 3𝑥 − 3ℎ + 2))/(ℎ(3𝑥 + 3ℎ − 2)(3𝑥 − 2))〗
𝑓´(𝑥) = lim┬(ℎ → 0)⁡ 〖(−3ℎ)/(ℎ(3𝑥 + 3ℎ − 2)(3𝑥 − 2))〗
𝑓(𝑥) = (−3)/((3𝑥 + 3(0) − 2)(3𝑥 − 2))
𝑓(𝑥) = (−3)/(3𝑥 − 2)(3𝑥 − 2) ⁡ = (−3)/〖(3𝑥 − 2)〗^2⁡

• 𝑓(𝑥) = 1/(𝑥 + 1)
𝑓´(𝑥) = lim┬(ℎ → 0)⁡ 〖(1/(𝑥 + ℎ + 1) − 1/(𝑥 + 1))/ℎ〗
𝑓´(𝑥) = lim┬(ℎ → 0)⁡ 〖((1(𝑥 + 1) − 1(𝑥 + ℎ + 1))/((𝑥 + ℎ + 1)(𝑥 + 1)))/ℎ〗
𝑓´(𝑥) = lim┬(ℎ → 0)⁡ 〖((𝑥 + 1 − 𝑥 − ℎ − 1)/((𝑥 + ℎ + 1)(𝑥 + 1)))/ℎ〗
𝑓´(𝑥) = lim┬(ℎ → 0)⁡ 〖((−ℎ)/((𝑥 + ℎ + 1)(𝑥 + 1)))/ℎ〗
𝑓´(𝑥) = (−1)/((𝑥 + ℎ + 1)(𝑥 + 1))
𝑓(𝑥) = (−1)/((𝑥 + 0 + 1)(𝑥 + 1))
𝑓(𝑥) = (−1)/(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 + 1) ⁡ = (−1)/〖(𝑥 + 1)〗^2⁡

• 𝑓(𝑥) = 4 − 𝑥 + 2𝑥^2

𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥^2 − 𝑥 + 4

𝑓´(𝑥) = lim┬(ℎ → 0)⁡ 〖(𝑓(𝑥 + ℎ) − 𝑓(𝑥))/ℎ〗


lim┬(ℎ → 0)⁡ 〖(2〖(𝑥 + ℎ)〗^2 − (𝑥 + ℎ) + 4 − (2𝑥^2 − 𝑥 + 4))/ℎ〗
lim┬(ℎ → 0)⁡ 〖(2(𝑥^2 + 2𝑥ℎ + ℎ^2⁡) − 𝑥 − ℎ + 4 − 2𝑥^2 + 𝑥 − 4)/ℎ〗

lim┬(ℎ → 0)⁡ 〖(2𝑥^2 + 4𝑥ℎ + 2ℎ^2 − 𝑥 − ℎ + 4 − 2𝑥^2 + 𝑥 − 4)/ℎ〗

lim┬(ℎ → 0)⁡ 〖(4𝑥ℎ + 2ℎ^2 − ℎ)/ℎ〗

lim┬(ℎ → 0)⁡ 〖(ℎ(4𝑥 + 2ℎ − 1))/ℎ〗

= 4𝑥 + 2(0) − 1
= 4𝑥 + 0 − 1
= 4𝑥 − 1
• 𝑓(𝑥) = √(1 − 3𝑥)

= lim┬(ℎ → 0)⁡ 〖(√(1 − 3(𝑥 + ℎ)⁡) − √(1 − 3𝑥))/ℎ〗

= lim┬(ℎ → 0)⁡ 〖((√(1 − 3𝑥 − 3ℎ⁡) − √(1 − 3𝑥)⁡⁡)(√(1 − 3𝑥 − 3ℎ) ⁡⁡ + √(1


− 3𝑥)⁡⁡)⁡)/(ℎ(√(1 − 3𝑥 − 3ℎ⁡⁡) ⁡⁡ + ⁡ √(1 − 3𝑥)⁡⁡))〗

= lim┬(ℎ → 0)⁡ 〖(1 − 3𝑥 − 3ℎ − (1 − 3𝑥))/(ℎ⁡(√(1 − 3𝑥 − 3ℎ) ⁡⁡ + ⁡ √(1 − 3𝑥⁡)⁡⁡))〗

= lim┬(ℎ → 0)⁡ 〖(1 − 3𝑥 − 3ℎ − 1 + 3𝑥)/(ℎ⁡(√(1 − 3𝑥 − 3ℎ) ⁡⁡ + ⁡ √(1 − 3𝑥⁡)⁡⁡))〗

= lim┬(ℎ → 0)⁡ 〖(−3ℎ)/(⁡ℎ⁡(√(1 − 3𝑥 − 3ℎ) ⁡⁡ + √(1 − 3𝑥)⁡⁡))〗

= lim┬(ℎ → 0)⁡ 〖(−3)/(√(1 − 3𝑥 − 3ℎ) + √(1 − 3𝑥))〗

= ⁡⁡⁡lim┬(ℎ → 0)⁡ 〖(−3)/(√(1 − 3𝑥 − 3(0)⁡) + √(1 − 3𝑥))〗

= ⁡⁡ (−3)/(√(1 − 3) ⁡⁡ + √(1 − 3𝑥))

= ⁡ −3/(2√(1 − 3𝑥))

• 𝑓(𝑥) = 1 + 𝑥 − 〖2𝑥〗^2⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡𝑃(1,0) 𝑓(1) = 1 + 𝑥 − 2𝑥 3

𝑚_𝑇 = lim┬(ℎ → 0)⁡ 〖(𝑓(𝑥_0 + ℎ) − 𝑓(𝑥_0))/ℎ〗 𝑓(1) = 1 + 1 − 2(1)3


𝑓(1) = 0
𝑚_𝑇 = lim┬(ℎ → 0)⁡ 〖(𝑓(1 + ℎ) − 𝑓(1))/ℎ〗

𝑚_𝑇 = lim┬(ℎ → 0)⁡ 〖(1 + (1 + ℎ) − 〖2(1 + ℎ)〗^2 − 0)/ℎ〗

𝑚_𝑇 = lim┬(ℎ → 0)⁡ 〖(1 + 1 + ℎ − 2(1 + 2ℎ + ℎ^2))/ℎ〗

𝑚_𝑇 = lim┬(ℎ → 0)⁡ 〖(1 + 1 + ℎ − 2 − 4ℎ − 〖2ℎ〗^2)/ℎ〗

𝑚_𝑇 = lim┬(ℎ → 0)⁡ 〖(−3ℎ − 〖2ℎ〗^2)/ℎ〗

𝑚_𝑇 = lim┬(ℎ → 0)⁡ 〖(ℎ(−3 − 2ℎ))/ℎ〗

𝑚_𝑇 = lim┬(ℎ → 0)⁡ 〖(−3 − 2ℎ)〗


𝑚_𝑇 = −3 − 2(0) = −3

Luego la ecuación de la recta tangente es:

𝑦 − 𝑓(𝑥_0⁡) = 𝑚_𝑇⁡(𝑥 − 𝑥_0)


𝑦 − 0 = −3(𝑥 − 1)
𝑦 = −3𝑥 + 3

La ecuación de la recta normal es:

𝑦 − 𝑓(𝑥_0⁡) = −1/𝑚_𝑇⁡⁡(𝑥 − 𝑥_0⁡)


𝑦 − 0 = (−1)/(−3)⁡(𝑥 − 1)
𝑦 = 1/3⁡𝑥 − 1/3
• 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟒/(𝟑𝒙 − 𝟐)
lim┬(ℎ → 0)⁡ 〖(𝑓(𝑥 + ℎ) − 𝑓(𝑥))/ℎ〗
lim┬(ℎ → 0)⁡ 〖(4/(3(𝑥 + ℎ) − 2) − 4/(3𝑥 − 2))/ℎ〗
lim┬(ℎ → 0)⁡ 〖((4(3𝑥 − 2) − 4(3(𝑥 + ℎ) − 2))/((3(𝑥 + ℎ) − 2)(3𝑥 − 2)))/ℎ〗
lim┬(ℎ → 0)⁡ 〖((12𝑥 − 8 − 12𝑥 − 12ℎ + 8)/((3(𝑥 + ℎ) − 2)(3𝑥 − 2)))/ℎ〗
lim┬(ℎ → 0)⁡ 〖((−12ℎ)/(9𝑥^2 − 6𝑥 + 9𝑥ℎ − 6ℎ − 6𝑥 + 4))/ℎ〗
lim┬(ℎ → 0)⁡ 〖(−12ℎ)/(9𝑥^2 − 12𝑥 + 9𝑥ℎ − 6ℎ + 4) ∗ 1/ℎ〗
lim┬(ℎ → 0)⁡ 〖(−12)/(9𝑥^2 − 12𝑥 + 9𝑥ℎ − 6ℎ + 4)〗
= (−12)/(9𝑥^2 − 12𝑥 + 9𝑥(0) − 6(0) + 4)
= (−12)/(9𝑥^2 − 12𝑥 + 4)
• 𝒇(𝒕) = −𝟐𝒕^𝟐 + 𝟒𝒕
𝑎)⁡𝑣(0.5) = 𝑓^′⁡(0.5) = −4(0.5) + 4
𝑣(0.5) = 𝑓^′⁡(0.5) = −2 + 4
𝑣(0.5) = 𝑓^′⁡(0.5) = 2

𝑏)𝑣 = 𝑓^′⁡(𝑡) = lim┬(ℎ → 0)⁡ 〖(𝑓(𝑡 + ℎ) − 𝑓(𝑡))/ℎ〗


𝑣 = 𝑓^′⁡(𝑡) = lim┬(ℎ → 0)⁡ 〖(−2(𝑡 + ℎ)^2 + 4(𝑡 + ℎ) − (−2𝑡^2 + 4𝑡))/ℎ〗
𝑣 = 𝑓^′⁡(𝑡) = lim┬(ℎ
→ 0)⁡ 〖(−2〖(𝑡〗^2 + 2𝑡ℎ + ℎ^2) + 4𝑡 + 4ℎ + 2𝑡^2 − 4𝑡)/ℎ〗
𝑣 = 𝑓^′⁡(𝑡) = lim┬(ℎ → 0)⁡ 〖(−2𝑡^2 − 4𝑡ℎ − 2ℎ^2 + 4𝑡 + 4ℎ + 2𝑡^2 − 4𝑡)/ℎ〗
𝑣 = 𝑓^′⁡(𝑡) = lim┬(ℎ → 0)⁡ 〖(−4𝑡ℎ − 2ℎ^2 + 4ℎ)/ℎ〗
𝑣 = 𝑓^′⁡(𝑡) = lim┬(ℎ → 0)⁡ 〖(ℎ(−4𝑡 − 2ℎ + 4))/ℎ〗
= −4𝑡 + 4
• 𝒇(𝒙) = (𝒙 − 𝟐)/𝒙
𝑓^′⁡(𝑥) = lim┬(ℎ → 0)⁡ 〖(𝑓(𝑥 + ℎ) − 𝑓(𝑥))/ℎ〗
𝑓^′⁡(𝑥) = lim┬(ℎ → 0)⁡ 〖(((𝑥 + ℎ) − 2)/(𝑥 + ℎ) − ((𝑥 − 2))/𝑥)/ℎ〗
𝑓^′⁡(𝑥) = lim┬(ℎ → 0)⁡ 〖((𝑥 + ℎ − 2)/(𝑥 + ℎ) − (𝑥 + 2)/𝑥)/ℎ〗
𝑓^′⁡(𝑥) = lim┬(ℎ → 0)⁡ 〖((𝑥 + ℎ − 2(𝑥) − 𝑥 + 2(𝑥 + ℎ))/((𝑥 + ℎ)(𝑥)))/ℎ〗
𝑓^′⁡(𝑥) = lim┬(ℎ → 0)⁡ 〖(𝑥^2 + 𝑥ℎ − 2𝑥 − 𝑥^2 + 2𝑥 − 𝑥ℎ + 2ℎ)/((ℎ)(𝑥 + ℎ)(𝑥))〗
𝑓^′⁡(𝑥) = lim┬(ℎ → 0)⁡ 〖2ℎ/(ℎ(𝑥 + ℎ)(𝑥))〗
𝑓′(𝑥) = 2/((𝑥 + 0)𝑥)
𝑓′(𝑥) = 2/𝑥^2⁡

• 𝐟(𝐱) = (𝐱 − 𝟏)/(𝐱 + 𝟏)
Evaluamos en x+h
𝐹(𝑥 + ℎ) = (𝑥 + ℎ + 1)/(𝑥 + ℎ + 1)
Ahora sustituimos los valores en: (𝑙𝑖𝑚)┬(ℎ → 0) = ((𝐹(𝑥 + ℎ) − 𝐹(𝑥))/ℎ)
𝐹^′⁡(𝑥) = (𝑙𝑖𝑚)┬(𝑛 → 0)⁡((𝑥 + ℎ − 1 − 𝑥 − 1)/𝑥_((+ℎ + 1 − 𝑥 + 1)/ℎ)⁡)
Ahora transformando la ecuación ya que es indeterminado, resolviendo con cada
numerador sobre el mínimo común denominador:
(𝑙𝑖𝑚)┬(𝑛 → 0)⁡((𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 + 𝑛 − 1)(𝑥 − 1)/((𝑥𝑓ℎ + 1)(𝑥 + 1)/𝑛))
Resolviendo y simplificando:
(𝑙𝑖𝑚)┬(𝑏 → 0)⁡⁡(((𝑥^2 + 𝑥ℎ + ℎ − 1 − 𝑥^2 − 𝑥ℎ + ℎ + 1)/(𝑥 + ℎ + 1)(𝑥 + 1)⁡))/ℎ

(𝑙𝑖𝑚)┬(4 → 0)⁡⁡2ℎ/((𝑥 + ℎ + 1)(𝑥 + 1)/ℎ)


Simplificando la fracción completa y resolviendo el denominador nos queda:
(𝑙𝑖𝑚)┬(ℎ → 0)⁡⁡2/(𝑥^2 + 2𝑥 + 𝑥ℎ + ℎ + 1)

Usando: (𝑙𝑖𝑚)┬(𝑋 → 𝑐)⁡(𝐹(𝑥)/𝑔(𝑥)⁡): ((𝑙𝑖𝑚)┬(𝑥 → 𝐶)⁡(𝑓(𝑥)))/((𝑙𝑖𝑚)┬(𝑥 →


𝑐 ̇⁡)⁡(𝑔(𝑥))⁡)
Resolviendo: ((𝑙𝑖𝑚)┬(ℎ → 0)⁡(2))/((𝑙𝑖𝑚)┬(ℎ → 0)⁡(𝑥^2 + 2𝑥 + 𝑥ℎ + ℎ + 1)⁡)
Como los límites son constantes entonces:2/((𝑙𝑖𝑚)┬(ℎ → 0)⁡(𝑥^2 + 2𝑥 + 𝑥ℎ + ℎ + 1)⁡)
Usando: (𝑙𝑖𝑚)┬(𝑥 → 𝐿)⁡(𝐹(𝑥) + 𝑔(𝑥)) = (𝑙𝑖𝑚)┬(𝑥 → 𝐶)⁡(𝐹(𝑥)) + (𝑙𝑖𝑚)┬(𝑥 →
𝐶)⁡(𝑔(𝑥))
Resolviendo:
2/(𝑥^2 + 2𝑥 + 𝑥_((𝑙𝑖𝑚)┬(𝑥 → 0)⁡(ℎ) + 0 + 1)⁡)
Distribuyendo h y simplificando nos queda:
𝐹^′⁡(𝑋) = 2/(𝑥^2 + 2𝑥 + 1) = 𝑓^′⁡(𝑥)⁡⁡2/(𝑥 + 1)^2⁡

• 𝐹(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 2/𝑥
Evaluando en x + h:
𝐹(𝑥 + ℎ) = 𝑥 + ℎ_(+2/(𝑥 + ℎ))
Sustituyendo en :
(𝑙𝑖𝑚)┬(ℎ → 0)⁡((𝐹(𝑥 + ℎ) − 𝐹(𝑥))/ℎ)

𝐹^′⁡(𝑥) = (𝑙𝑖𝑚)┬(ℎ → 0)⁡((𝑥 + ℎ + 2/(𝑥 + ℎ) − (𝑥⁡(+2))/𝑥)/ℎ)


Intentando trasformar la expresión ya que es de forma indeterminada,
Resolviendo y simplificando:
lim⁡((ℎ + 2/(𝑥 + ℎ) − 2/𝑥)/ℎ)

Escribiendo el denominador sobre el mínimo común de un denominador tenemos:

𝐿𝑖𝑚((𝑥ℎ𝑥(𝑥 + ℎ) + 2𝑥 − 2(𝑥 + ℎ))/(𝑥(〖𝑥 + ℎ〗^⁡)/ℎ))


Resolviendo y simplificando nos quedó:

(𝑙𝑖𝑚)┬(𝑛 → 0)⁡((𝑥^2⁡ℎ + 𝑥ℎ^2 − 2ℎ)/𝑥(𝑥 + ℎ)ℎ)


Sacando el factor común h y al igual cancelar el factor común h, ir resolviendo el
denominador nos quedo
(𝑙𝑖𝑚)┬(ℎ → 0)⁡((𝑥^2 + 𝑥ℎ − 2)/(𝑥2⁡⁡⁡𝑥 + ℎ))
Usando (𝑙𝑖𝑚)┬(𝑥 → 𝑐)⁡(█(𝐹&(𝑥)@𝑔&(𝑥)⁡)) = (〖_(𝑥 → 𝑐)^𝑙𝑖𝑚(𝐹(𝑥))⁡〗)/(〖⁡⁡〗
_(𝑥 → 𝑐)^𝑙𝑖𝑚(9(𝑥))⁡⁡)

((𝑙𝑖𝑚)┬(ℎ → 0)⁡(𝑥^𝑧 + 𝑥ℎ_(−2)⁡))/((𝑙𝑖𝑚)┬(ℎ → 0)⁡(𝑥^2 + 𝑥ℎ)⁡)


Usando lim (a x f ((x)) = a x lim (f(x)) en toda la ecuación
(𝑥^2 + 𝑥_(ℎ → 0)^(lim⁡(ℎ) − 2))/(𝑥^2 + 𝑥⁡⁡𝑜)
Evaluando h=0 en expresión y simplificando:
(𝑥^2 + 𝑥⁡⁡0 − 2)/(𝑥^2 + 𝑥⁡⁡⁡0)
𝐹^′⁡(𝑥)⁡⁡(𝑥^2 − 2)/𝑥^1⁡ = 𝐹^′⁡(𝑥) = 1 − 2/𝑥^2⁡

• 𝐹(𝑥) = 4𝑥^2 − 12
Evaluando en x+h:
𝐹(𝑥 + ̇ℎ) = 4(𝑥 + ℎ)^2 − 12
Sustituyendo los valores en: (𝑙𝑖𝑚)┬(ℎ → 0)⁡((𝐹(𝑥 + ℎ) − 𝐹(𝑥))/ℎ)

𝐹^𝑖⁡(𝑥) = (𝑙𝑖𝑚)┬(ℎ → 0)⁡((〖4(𝑥 + ℎ)〗^2 − 12 − (4𝑥^2 − 12))/ℎ)


Resolviendo y factorizando:

(𝑙𝑖𝑚)┬(ℎ → 0)⁡((4(𝑥 + ℎ)^2 − 4𝑥^2)/ℎ) = (𝑙𝑖𝑚)┬(𝑛


→ 0)⁡⁡((𝑥^2 + 2𝑥ℎ + ℎ^2⁡) − 4𝑥^2)/ℎ

Resolviendo y sacando factor común h:


(𝑙𝑖𝑚)┬(ℎ → 𝑂)⁡⁡((4𝑥^2 + 8𝑥ℎ + 4ℎ^2 − 4𝑥^2⁡))/ℎ = (𝑙𝑖𝑚)┬(ℎ → 0)⁡(ℎ(8𝑥 + 4ℎ)/ℎ)
Simplificando h y usando
(𝑙𝑖𝑚)┬(𝑥 → 𝐿)⁡(𝑎⁡. 𝑓(𝑥)) = 𝑎. (𝑙𝑖𝑚)┬(𝑥 → 𝐶)⁡(𝑓(𝑥))
𝑔_(𝑥 + 4 ⋅ (𝑙𝑖𝑚)┬(ℎ → 0)⁡(ℎ)⁡)
Evaluando h y simplificando nos quedó:
8x+4.0
𝐹^𝑙⁡(𝑦) = 8𝑥

PRACTICA 04-05
• 𝑓(𝑥) = (4𝑥^3 − 2)(4𝑥^2 + 2)⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡𝑅𝑒𝑔𝑙𝑎⁡6
𝑓’(𝑥) = (4𝑥^3 − 2)’(4𝑥^2 + 2) + (4𝑥^3 − 2)(〖4𝑥〗^2 + 2)’
𝑓’(𝑥) = [(4𝑥)^3 − (2)]’(4𝑥^2 + 2) + (4𝑥^3 − 2)[(4𝑥^2⁡) + (2)]’⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡𝑅𝑒𝑔𝑙𝑎⁡2⁡𝑦⁡1
𝑓’(𝑥) = [12𝑥^2 − 0](4𝑥^2 + 2) + (4𝑥^3 − 2)[8𝑥 + 0]
𝑓’(𝑥) = 48𝑥^4 + 24𝑥^2 + 32𝑥^4 − 16𝑥
𝑓’(𝑥) = 80𝑥^4 + 24𝑥^2 − 16𝑥

• 𝑓(𝑥) = (3𝑥^2 + 2𝑥 + 3)/(3𝑥^2 − 4)⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡𝑓’(𝑥) = (𝑔(𝑥)𝑓’(𝑥) −


𝑓(𝑥)𝑔’(𝑥))/[𝑔(𝑥)]^2⁡
𝑓’(𝑥) = ((3𝑥^2 − 4)(3𝑥^2 + 2𝑥 + 3)’ − (〖3𝑥〗^2 + 2𝑥 + 3)(〖3𝑥〗^2 − 4)’)/(3𝑥^2
− 4)^2⁡
= ((3𝑥^2 − 4)(6𝑥 + 2) − (〖3𝑥〗^2 + 2𝑥 + 3)(6𝑥))/(3𝑥^2 − 4)^2⁡
= (18𝑥^3 + 6𝑥^2 − 24𝑥 − 8 − (18𝑥^3 + 12𝑥^2 + 18𝑥))/(3𝑥^2 − 4)^2⁡
= (18𝑥^3 + 〖6𝑥〗^2 − 24𝑥 − 8 − 〖18𝑥〗^3 − 12𝑥^2 − 18𝑥)/(3𝑥^2 − 4)^2⁡
= (−6𝑥^2 − 42𝑥 − 8)/(3𝑥^2 − 4)^2⁡

• 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 − 1)(3𝑥 + 5)/(𝑥 − 4)


𝑓’(𝑥) = ((𝑥 − 1)(3𝑥 + 5)/(𝑥 − 4))
𝑓’(𝑥) = (3𝑥^2 + 5𝑥 − 3𝑥 − 5)/(𝑥 − 4)
𝑓’(𝑥) = (3𝑥^2 + 2𝑥 − 5)/(𝑥 − 4)
𝑓’(𝑥) = ((3𝑥^2 + 2𝑥 − 5)’(𝑥 − 4) − (3𝑥^2 + 2𝑥 − 5)(𝑥 − 4)’)/(𝑥 − 4)^2⁡
𝑓’(𝑥) = ((3(2𝑥) + 2)(𝑥 − 4) − (3𝑥^2 + 2𝑥 − 5)1)/(𝑥 − 4)^2⁡
𝑓’(𝑥) = (6𝑥^2 − 24𝑥 + 2𝑥 − 8 − 3𝑥^2 − 2𝑥 + 5)/(𝑥 − 4)^2⁡
𝑓’(𝑥) = (3𝑥^2 − 24𝑥 − 3)/(𝑥 − 4)^2⁡

• 𝑓(𝑥) = (2𝑥^3 − 4)/(4𝑥^2 + 6)⁡⁡


𝑓’(𝑥) = ((4𝑥^2 + 6)(2𝑥^3 − 4)’ − (2𝑥^3 − 4)(4𝑥^2 + 6))/(4𝑥^2 + 6)^2⁡
𝑓’(𝑥) = ((4𝑥^2 + 6)(6𝑥^2⁡) − (2𝑥^3 − 4)8𝑥)/(4𝑥^2 + 6)^2⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡𝑅𝑒𝑔𝑙𝑎⁡7
𝑓’(𝑥) = (24𝑥^4 + 36𝑥^2 − (16𝑥^4 − 32𝑥))/(4𝑥^2 + 6)^2⁡
𝑓’(𝑥) = (24𝑥^4 + 36𝑥^2 − 16𝑥^4 + 32𝑥)/(4𝑥^2 + 6)^2⁡
𝑓’(𝑥) = (8 + 36𝑥^2 + 32𝑥)/〖(4𝑥^2 + 6)〗^2⁡

• 𝑓(𝑥) = (−𝑥^2 + 4𝑥 + 2)(4𝑥^3 − 3)


𝑓’(𝑥) = (−𝑥^2 + 4𝑥 + 2)’(4𝑥^3 − 3) + (−𝑥^2 + 4𝑥 + 2)(4𝑥^3 − 3)’
𝑓’(𝑥) = [(−𝑥^2⁡) + (4𝑥) + (2)]’(4𝑥^3 − 3) + (−𝑥^2 + 4𝑥 + 2)[(4𝑥^3⁡) − (3)]’
𝑓’(𝑥) = [−2𝑥 + 4 + 0](4𝑥^3 − 3) + (−𝑥^2 + 4𝑥 + 2)[12𝑥^2 − 0]
𝑓’(𝑥) = (−2𝑥 + 4)(4𝑥^3 − 3) + (−𝑥^2 + 4𝑥 + 2)(12𝑥^2⁡)
𝑓’(𝑥) = −8𝑥^4 + 6𝑥 + 16𝑥^2 − 12 − 12𝑥^4 + 48𝑥^3 + 24𝑥^2
𝑓’(𝑥) = −20𝑥^4 + 64𝑥^3 + 24𝑥^2 + 6𝑥 − 12

• 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥^(−2)⁡〖 + 𝑥〗^4 − 6)/(3𝑥^3 + 4𝑥^4⁡)⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡𝐶𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒


𝑓’(𝑥) = ((3𝑥^3 + 4𝑥^4⁡)(𝑥^(−2) + 𝑥^4 − 6)’ − (𝑥^(−2) + 𝑥^4 − 6)(3𝑥^3
+ 〖4𝑥〗^4⁡)’)/(3𝑥^3 + 〖4𝑥〗^4⁡)^2⁡
𝑓’(𝑥) = ((3𝑥^3 + 〖4𝑥〗^4⁡)(−2𝑥^(−3) + 4𝑥^3⁡) − (𝑥^(−2) + 𝑥^4 − 6)(〖9𝑥〗^2
+ 〖16𝑥〗^3⁡))/(〖3𝑥〗^3⁡〖 + 4𝑥〗^4⁡)^2⁡
𝑓’(𝑥) = (16𝑥^7 + 〖12𝑥〗^6 − 8𝑥 − 6 − (〖16𝑥〗^7 + 〖9𝑥〗^6 − 96𝑥^3 − 54𝑥^2
+ 16𝑥 + 9))/(〖3𝑥〗^3⁡〖 + 4𝑥〗^4⁡)^2⁡
𝑓’(𝑥) = (16𝑥^7 + 〖12𝑥〗^6 − 8𝑥 − 6 − 〖16𝑥〗^7 − 〖9𝑥〗^6 + 96𝑥^3
+ 〖54𝑥〗^2 − 16𝑥 − 9)/(〖3𝑥〗^3 + 〖4𝑥〗^4⁡)^2⁡
𝑓’(𝑥) = (〖3𝑥〗^6 + 〖96𝑥〗^3 + 〖54𝑥〗^2 − 24𝑥 − 15)/(〖3𝑥〗^3
+ 〖4𝑥〗^4⁡)^2⁡

• 𝑓(𝑥) = (〖6𝑥〗^3 + 〖4𝑥〗^2 − 𝑥)(𝑥^2 − 2) = ⁡⁡⁡⁡ℎ’(𝑥) = 𝑓’(𝑥). 𝑔(𝑥) +


𝑓(𝑥). 𝑔’(𝑥)
𝑓’(𝑥) = [(〖6𝑥〗^3 + 〖4𝑥〗^2 − 𝑥)’(𝑥^2 − 2) + (〖6𝑥〗^3 + 〖4𝑥〗^2 − 𝑥)(𝑥^2
− 2)’]
𝑓’(𝑥) = [(〖18𝑥〗^2 + 8𝑥 − 1)(𝑥^2 − 2) + (〖6𝑥〗^3 + 〖4𝑥〗^2 − 𝑥)(2𝑥)]
𝑓’(𝑥) = (〖6𝑥〗^5 − 〖13𝑥〗^3 + 〖4𝑥〗^4 − 〖8𝑥〗^2 + 2𝑥)
𝑓’(𝑥) = (〖6𝑥〗^5⁡) + (−13𝑥^3⁡) + 〖(4𝑥〗^4) + (〖 − 8𝑥〗^2⁡) + (2𝑥)
𝑓’(𝑥) = (6)(〖5𝑥〗^4⁡) − (13)(〖3𝑥〗^2⁡) + (4)(〖4𝑥〗^3⁡) − (8)(2𝑥) + 2
𝑓’(𝑥) = 〖30𝑥〗^4 + 〖16𝑥〗^3⁡〖 − 39𝑥〗^2 − 16𝑥 + 2

• 𝑓(𝑥) = (2𝑥 − 3)/(2√(𝑥^2 − 2𝑥))⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡𝑅𝑒𝑔𝑙𝑎⁡7

𝑓’(𝑥) = ((2𝑥 − 3)’(2√(𝑥^2 − 2𝑥)) − (2𝑥 − 3)(2√(𝑥^2 − 2𝑥))’)/(2√(𝑥^2 − 2𝑥))^2⁡

𝑓’(𝑥) = (2 − 0)(2√(𝑥^2 − 2𝑥)) − (2𝑥 − 3)((2𝑥 − 2)/√(𝑥^2 − 2𝑥))

𝑓’(𝑥) = 4√(𝑥^2 − 2𝑥) − (4𝑥^2 − 10𝑥 + 6)/√(𝑥^2 − 2𝑥)

𝑓’(𝑥) = (4(𝑥^2 − 2𝑥) − (〖4𝑥〗^2 − 10𝑥 + 6))/√(𝑥^2 − 2𝑥)

𝑓’(𝑥) = (〖4𝑥〗^2 − 8𝑥 − 〖4𝑥〗^2 + 10𝑥 − 6)/√(𝑥^2 − 2𝑥)

𝑓’(𝑥) = (2𝑥 − 6)/√(𝑥^2 − 2𝑥)


• 𝑓(𝑥) = ∛(𝑥^2 + 1)/(𝑥^2 − 1) = ((𝑥^2 + 1)/(𝑥^2 − 1))^(1 ⁄ 3)
𝑓’(𝑥) = 1/3⁡((𝑥^2 + 1)/(𝑥^2 − 1))^(1 ⁄ 3 − 1)⁡((𝑥^2 + 1)/(𝑥^2 − 1))^1
𝑓’(𝑥) = 1/3⁡((𝑥^2 + 1)/(𝑥^2 − 1))^((−2) ⁄ 3)⁡⁡⁡((𝑥^2 − 1)(2𝑥) − (𝑥^2
+ 1)(2𝑥))/(𝑥^2 − 1)^2⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡𝑅𝑒𝑔𝑙𝑎⁡7
𝑓’(𝑥) = 1/3⁡((𝑥^2 + 1)/(𝑥^2 − 1))^((−2) ⁄ 3)⁡⁡⁡(〖2𝑥〗^3 − 2𝑥 − 〖2𝑥〗^3
− 2𝑥)/(𝑥^2 − 1)^2⁡
𝑓’(𝑥) = 1/3⁡((𝑥^2 − 1)/(𝑥^2 + 1))^(2 ⁄ 3)⁡⁡⁡(−4𝑥)/〖(𝑥^2 − 1)〗^2⁡

• f (x) = ∛((𝑥^(2⁡⁡) + 1)/(𝑥^2 − 1))


f ‘ (x) = ((𝑥^2 + 1)/(𝑥^2 − 1))1/3
f ‘ (x) =⁡⁡1/3 ((𝑥^2 + 1)/(𝑥^2 − 1))1/3 -1 ((𝑥^2 + 1)/(𝑥^2 − 1))1
=
1/3 ((𝑥^2 + 1)/(𝑥^2 − 1)) -2/3 ((𝑥^2 − 1)(2𝑥) − (𝑥^2 + 1)(2𝑥))/((𝑥^2 −
1)^2⁡⁡)
= 1/3 ((𝑥^2 + 1)/(𝑥^2 − 1)) 2/3 ⁡⁡⁡(〖2𝑥〗^3 − 2𝑥 − 〖2𝑥〗^3 − 2𝑥)/((𝑥^2 −
1)^2⁡)
= 1/3 ((𝑥^2 + 1)/(𝑥^2 − 1)) 2/3 ⁡⁡⁡(−4𝑥)/(〖(𝑥〗^2 − 1)^2⁡)
= (−4𝑥⁡(𝑥^2 − 1)^(2/3))/(3(𝑥^2 + 1)^(2/3)⁡⁡(𝑥^2 − 1)^2⁡) ⁡
= (−4𝑥)/(3(𝑥^2 + 1)^(2/3)⁡⁡(𝑥^2 − 1)^(4/3)⁡)
= (−4𝑥)/(3∛((𝑥^2 + 1)^2⁡)⁡⁡∛((𝑥^2 − 1)^4⁡))
= (−4𝑥)/(3∛((𝑥^2 + 1)^2⁡(𝑥^2 − 1)^4⁡))
• 𝑓(𝑥) = 3/((〖2𝑥 − 5)〗^(3/4)⁡)
𝑓(𝑥) = 3〖(2𝑥 − 5)〗^(3/4)
𝑓´(𝑥) = 3(−3/4)⁡(2𝑥 − 5)^(−3/4 − 1)⁡(2𝑥 − 5)´
= −9/4⁡〖(2𝑥 − 5)〗^(7/4)⁡(2)
= 9/(2〖(2𝑥 − 5)〗^(7/4)⁡)

= 9/(2∜(〖(2𝑥 − 5)〗^7⁡))

• f (x) = 𝑥/∛(2𝑥 − 1)
f ´ (x) = 𝑥/((2𝑥 − 1)^(1/3⁡⁡)⁡)
= ((𝑥)^1⁡(2𝑥
− 1)^(1/3) − (𝑥)(2𝑥 − 1)^(1/3 −
1))/([(2𝑥 − 1)^(1/3)⁡]^(2⁡)⁡)
= ((1)(2𝑥
− 1)^(1/3) − (𝑥)1/3(2𝑥 − 1)^(−2/3)⁡(2))/
((2𝑥 − 1)^(2/3)⁡)
= ((2𝑥 − 1)^(1/3) − 2/3⁡𝑥(2𝑥 − 1)^(−2/3))/((2𝑥 −
1)^(2/3)⁡)
= ((2𝑥 − 1)^(1/3) − 2𝑥/(3(2𝑥 − 1)^(⁡2/⁡3⁡⁡)⁡))/((2𝑥 −
1)^(2/3)⁡)⁡⁡
= (3(2𝑥 − 1)^(3/3) − 2𝑥)/((3(2𝑥 − 1)^(2/3))/((2𝑥 −
1)^(2/3)⁡))
= (⁡6𝑥 − 3 − 2𝑥)/(3(2𝑥 − 1)^(4/3)⁡)
(4𝑥 − 3)/(3∛((2𝑥 − 1)^4⁡))
• 𝑓(𝑥) = 7/(〖3𝑥〗^2 + 1)
𝑓´(𝑥) = 7〖(〖3𝑥〗^2 + 1)〗^(−1)
= 7(−1)(〖3𝑥〗^2 + 1)^(−2)⁡(6𝑥)
= −42𝑥〖(〖3𝑥〗^2 + 1)〗^(−2)
= −42𝑥/〖〖(3𝑥〗^2 + 1)〗^2⁡

f (x) = (𝑥 − √(1 − 𝑥)⁡)^2



f (x) = [𝑥 − (1 − 𝑥)^(1/2)⁡]^2

f ´(x) = 〖2(𝑥 − (1 − 𝑥)〗^(1/2))⁡(𝑥 − (1 − 𝑥)^(1/2)⁡)^1

= 〖2(𝑥 − (1 − 𝑥)〗^(1/2))⁡⁡(1 − (1/2⁡(1 − 𝑥)^(−1/2)⁡)(1))


= 〖2(𝑥 − (1 − 𝑥)〗^(1/2))⁡(1 + ⁡1/(2(1 − 𝑥)^(1/2)⁡))
=〖(2𝑥 − 2(1 − 𝑥)〗^(1/2))⁡(1 + ⁡⁡1/(2(1 − 𝑥)^(1/2)⁡))
=(2𝑥 − 2⁡√(1 − 𝑥))(1 + 1/(2⁡√(1 − 𝑥)))

• f (x) = √((𝑥 − 1)/(𝑥 + 1))


f (x) = ((𝑥 + 1)^(1/2))/((𝑥 − 1)^(1/2)⁡)
f ´ (x) = ((𝑥
− 1)^(1/2)⁡⁡1/(2⁡)(𝑥 + 1)^(−1/2)⁡⁡(𝑥 + 1)^(1/2)⁡⁡1/
2⁡⁡(𝑥 − 1)^(−1/2))/([(𝑥 − 1)^(1/2)⁡]^2⁡) . ((𝑥 − 1)^(1/2)⁡⁡(𝑥 +
1)^(1/2))/((𝑥 − 1)^(1/2)⁡⁡(𝑥 + 1)^(1/2)⁡)
= ((𝑥
− 1)⁡⁡1/2⁡⁡(1) − (𝑥 + 1)⁡⁡1/(2⁡)⁡⁡(1))/((𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 −
1)^(1/2⁡⁡)⁡(𝑥 + 1)^(1/2)⁡)
= (1/2⁡(𝑥
− 1) ⁡⁡ − 1/(2⁡⁡)⁡⁡(𝑥 + 1))/((𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 − 1)^(1/
2⁡⁡)⁡(𝑥 + 1)^(1/2)⁡)
= (1/2⁡𝑥 − 1/2 − 1/2⁡𝑥 − 1/2)/((𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 − 1)^(1/2⁡⁡)⁡(𝑥 +
1)^(1/2)⁡)
= (−1)/((𝑥 − 1)^(3/2⁡⁡)⁡(𝑥 + 1)^(1/2)⁡)
= (−1)/(√((𝑥 − 1)^(3⁡)⁡⁡)⁡√(𝑥 + 1))

• 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 + 1)/(𝑥 − 1) − (𝑥 − 1)/(𝑥 + 1)


𝑓´(𝑥) = ((𝑥 + 1)´(𝑥 − 1) − (𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 1)´)/〖(𝑥 − 1)〗^2⁡ − ((𝑥 − 1)´(𝑥 + 1) − (𝑥
− 1)(𝑥 + 1)´)/〖(𝑥 + 1)〗^2⁡
= ((𝑥 − 1) − (𝑥 + 1))/〖(𝑥 − 1)〗^2⁡ − ((𝑥 + 1) − (𝑥 − 1))/〖(𝑥 + 1)〗^2⁡
= −2/〖(𝑥 − 1)〗^2⁡ − 2/〖(𝑥 + 1)〗^2⁡

PRACTICA 06-05 Y 09-05


• 6∜(𝑦^3⁡) − 5𝑥^2 = 8𝑥𝑦
6𝑦^(3/4) − 5𝑥^2 − 8𝑥𝑦 = 0⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡ → 𝑓’(𝑥) = 𝑑/𝑑𝑥⁡(𝑥^𝑛⁡) = 𝑛𝑥^(𝑛 − 1)

9/(2∜𝑦)⁡𝑦’ − 10𝑥 − 8𝑥𝑦’ = 0

9/(2∜𝑦)⁡𝑦’ − 8𝑥𝑦’ = 10𝑥 + 8𝑦

𝑦’(9/(2∜𝑦) − 8𝑥) = 10𝑥 + 8𝑦

𝑦’ = (10𝑥 + 8𝑦)/(9/(2∜𝑦) − 8𝑥)

𝑦’ = (10𝑥 + 8𝑦)/(9/(2∜𝑦) − 8𝑥/1)

𝑦’ = ⁡⁡ (10𝑥 + 8𝑦)/(9/(2∜𝑦) − (16𝑥∜𝑦)/(2∜𝑦))


𝑦’ = ⁡⁡ (10𝑥 + 8𝑦)/((9 − 16𝑥∜𝑦)/(2∜𝑦))

𝑦’ = ⁡ (10𝑥 + 8𝑦)((9 − 16𝑥∜𝑦)/(2∜𝑦))

𝑦’ = ⁡ (10𝑥 + 8𝑦)((2∜𝑦)/(9 − 16𝑥∜𝑦))

𝑦’ = ⁡⁡ (2∜𝑦⁡(10) + 2∜𝑦⁡(8𝑦))/(9 − 16𝑥∜𝑦)

𝑦’ = ⁡⁡ (20∜𝑦 + 16𝑦∜𝑦)/(9 − 16𝑥∜𝑦)


• 𝑥^2 − 𝑦^2 = 5
𝑑/𝑑𝑥⁡(𝑥^2 − 𝑦^2⁡) = 𝑑/𝑑𝑥⁡(𝑥^2⁡) = 2𝑥^(2 − 1) = 2𝑥
𝑑/𝑑𝑥⁡(𝑦^2⁡) = 𝑑/𝑑𝑢⁡(𝑢^2⁡)⁡⁡𝑑/𝑑𝑥⁡(𝑦) = 2𝑢^(2 − 1) = 2𝑢 = 2𝑦⁡𝑑/𝑑𝑥⁡(𝑦)
= 2𝑥 − 2𝑦⁡𝑑/𝑑𝑥⁡(𝑦)
𝑑/𝑑𝑥⁡(5) = 0
= 2𝑥 − 2𝑦⁡𝑑/𝑑𝑥⁡(𝑦) = 0
= 2𝑥 − 2𝑦𝑦’ = 0
= 2𝑥 − 2𝑦𝑦’ − 2𝑥 = 0 − 2𝑥
−2𝑦𝑦’ = −2𝑥
(−2𝑦𝑦’)/(−2𝑦) = (−2𝑥)/(−2𝑦)
= 𝑦’ = (−2𝑥)/(−2𝑦)
= 𝑦’ = 𝑥/𝑦
𝑑^2/(𝑑𝑥^2⁡)⁡(𝑦) = 𝑑/𝑑𝑥⁡(𝑥/𝑦) = ((𝑥)𝑦 − (𝑦)𝑥)/𝑦^2⁡
= (1. 𝑦 − (𝑦)𝑥)/𝑦^2⁡ = (𝑦 − 𝑥(𝑦))/𝑦^2⁡
𝑑^2/(𝑑𝑥^2⁡)⁡(𝑦) = (𝑦 − 𝑥(𝑦))/𝑦^2⁡ = (𝑦 − 𝑥(𝑥/𝑦))/𝑦^2⁡ = (𝑦 − 𝑥⁡𝑥/𝑦)/𝑦^2⁡
= (𝑦 − 𝑥^2/𝑦)/𝑦^2⁡
𝑦 − 𝑥^2/𝑦 = 𝑦𝑦/𝑦 − 𝑥^2/𝑦 = (𝑦𝑦 − 𝑥^2)/𝑦 = 𝑦𝑦 − 𝑥^2 = 𝑦^2 − 𝑥^2
= (𝑦^2 − 𝑥^2)/𝑦 = (𝑦^2 − 𝑥^2)/(𝑦/𝑦^2⁡) = (𝑦^2 − 𝑥^2)/(𝑦𝑦^2⁡)
= (𝑦^2 − 𝑥^2)/𝑦^3⁡
𝑦𝑦^2 = 𝑦^(1 + 2) = 𝑦^3⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡𝑑^2/(𝑑𝑥^2⁡)⁡(𝑦) = (𝑦^2 − 𝑥^2)/𝑦^3⁡

• 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 − 1)/(𝑥 + 1)
𝑓(𝑥)’ = ((𝑥 − 1)/(𝑥 + 1))^’⁡⁡
= ((𝑥 − 1)’(𝑥 + 1) − (𝑥 + 1)’(𝑥 − 1))/(𝑥 + 1)^2⁡
= ((1)(𝑥 + 1) − (1)(𝑥 − 1))/(𝑥 + 1)^2⁡
= (𝑥 + 1 − 1(𝑥 − 1))/(𝑥 + 1)^2⁡
= (𝑥 + 1 − (𝑥 − 1))/(𝑥 + 1)^2⁡
= (𝑥 + 1 − 𝑥 + 1)/(𝑥 + 1)^2⁡
= (1 + 1)/(𝑥 + 1)^2⁡
= 2/〖(𝑥 + 1)〗^2⁡

• 5𝑥𝑦^7 − 𝑦^3 = 9𝑥 + 4𝑦
(5𝑥)’(𝑦^7⁡) + (𝑦^7⁡)’(5𝑥) − 𝑦^7 = 9𝑥 + 4𝑦
(5)(𝑦^7⁡) + (7𝑦^6⁡𝑦’)(5𝑥) − 3𝑦^2⁡𝑦’ = 9 + 4𝑦’
5𝑦^7 + 35𝑥𝑦^6⁡𝑦’ − 3𝑦^2⁡𝑦’ = 9 + 4𝑦’
35𝑥𝑦^6⁡𝑦’ − 3𝑦^2⁡𝑦’ − 4𝑦’ = 9 − 5𝑦^7
𝑦’(35𝑥𝑦^6⁡𝑦’ − 3𝑦^2⁡𝑦’ − 4𝑦’) = 99 − 5𝑦^7
𝑦’ = (9 − 5𝑦^7)/(35𝑥𝑦^6 − 3𝑦^(2 − 4)⁡)

• 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥^2 − ⁡⁡1/𝑥^2⁡ + 1/(𝑥 − 1)


𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑑/𝑑𝑥⁡⁡(𝑥^2 − 1/𝑥^2⁡ + ⁡⁡1/(𝑥 − 1) )
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑑/𝑑𝑥⁡⁡(𝑥^2⁡) − ⁡⁡𝑑/𝑑𝑥⁡(1/𝑥^2⁡) + ⁡⁡𝑑/𝑑𝑥⁡⁡(1/(𝑥 − 1))
𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 − ⁡ (2𝑥/〖〖(𝑥〗^2)〗^2⁡) − 1/((𝑥〖 − 1)〗^2⁡)
𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + ⁡⁡⁡2𝑥/𝑥^4⁡ − 1/〖(𝑥 − 1)〗^2⁡
⁡⁡⁡⁡𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + ⁡⁡⁡2/𝑥^3⁡ − ⁡⁡1/〖(𝑥 − 1)〗^2⁡

• 𝑓(𝑥) = ⁡ √(1 − 𝑥^2⁡)

𝑓(𝑥) = (√(1 − 𝑥^2⁡)⁡)^1

𝑓(𝑥) = ⁡⁡ ((1 − 𝑥^2⁡)^1)/(2√(1 − 𝑥^2⁡))

𝑓(𝑥) = ⁡ −⁡⁡2/√(1 − 𝑥^2⁡)

• 𝑥^2 − 𝑥𝑦 + ⁡𝑦^2 = 4
2𝑥 − 𝑥⁡. 1𝑦^1 − 𝑦⁡. 1 + 2𝑦𝑦^1 = 0
−𝑥𝑦^1 + 2𝑦𝑦^1 = ⁡ −2𝑥 + 𝑦
𝑦^1⁡(−𝑥 + ⁡2𝑦) = −2𝑥 + 𝑦
𝑦^1 = (−2𝑥 + 𝑦)/(−𝑥 + 2𝑦)

• 𝑓(𝑥) = ⁡ √(2𝑥 − 1)
√(𝑓(𝑥)) = ⁡⁡ (𝑓(𝑥))/(2√((𝑥)))

√(𝑓(𝑥)⁡) = ⁡⁡ ((2𝑥 − 1))/(2√(2𝑥 − 1))

√(𝑓(𝑥)) = ⁡⁡2/(2√(2𝑥 − 1))

√(𝑓(𝑥)) = ⁡⁡1/√(2𝑥 − 1)

• 𝑥^2 + 𝑦^2 = 4𝑥𝑦⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡𝑑𝑦/𝑑𝑥 = 𝑦´


𝑥^2 − 4𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦^2 = 0
2𝑥 − (4𝑥)(𝑦´) − (4)(𝑦) + 2𝑦𝑦´ = 0
−4𝑥𝑦´ + 2𝑦𝑦´ = −2𝑥 + 4𝑦
𝑦´(−4𝑥 + 2𝑦) = −2𝑥 + 4𝑦
𝑦´ = (−2𝑥 + 4𝑦)/(−4𝑥 + 2𝑦)

• 3𝑥^2⁡𝑦 + 4𝑥 = 2𝑦^3 − 7𝑥^4


3𝑥^2⁡𝑦 + 4𝑥 = 2𝑦^3 − 7𝑥^4 = 0
6𝑥𝑦´ + 3𝑥^2⁡𝑦´ + 4 − 6𝑦^2 ∙ 𝑦´ + 28𝑥^3 = 0
6𝑥𝑦´ + 3𝑥^2⁡𝑦´ − 6𝑦^2 ∙ 𝑦´ = −4 − 28𝑥
𝑦´(6𝑥 + 3𝑥^2 − 6𝑦^2 = −4 − 28𝑥^3
𝑦´ = (−4 − 28𝑥^3)/(6𝑥 + 3𝑥^2 − 6𝑦^2⁡)


⁡⁡(𝑥 + 4)/(𝑥 − 4) = 𝑥^2⁡𝑦
(𝑥 − 4)⁡⁡𝑑/𝑑𝑥⁡(𝑥 + 4) − (𝑥 + 4)⁡⁡𝑑/𝑑𝑥⁡(𝑥 − 4) = 𝑑/𝑑𝑥⁡(𝑥^2⁡)𝑦 + 𝑥^2⁡⁡𝑑/𝑑𝑥⁡(𝑦)

((𝑥 − 𝑦)(𝑥 + 𝑦´) − (𝑥 + 𝑦)(𝑥 − 𝑦´))/〖(𝑥 − 𝑦)〗^2⁡ = 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑥^2⁡𝑦´


𝑥 + 𝑥𝑦´ − 𝑦 − 𝑦𝑦´ − 𝑥 + 𝑥𝑦´ − 𝑦 + 𝑦𝑦´ = 2𝑥𝑦(𝑥 − 𝑦)^2 + 𝑥^2⁡𝑦´(𝑥 − 𝑦)
2𝑥𝑦´ − 2𝑦 = 2𝑥𝑦(𝑥 − 𝑦)^2 + 𝑥^2⁡(𝑥 − 𝑦)^2⁡𝑦´
2𝑥𝑦´ − 𝑥^2⁡(𝑥 − 𝑦)^2⁡𝑦´ = 2𝑥𝑦(𝑥 − 𝑦)^2 + 2𝑦
𝑦´ = (2𝑥𝑦(𝑥 − 𝑦)^2 − 2𝑦)/(2𝑥 − 𝑥^2⁡(𝑥 − 𝑦)^2⁡)

• 4𝑥𝑦^2 − 2𝑥√𝑥𝑦 = 𝑥 − 𝑦
4(𝑦^2 + 2𝑥𝑦𝑦´) − 2 + 1/2⁡𝑦^(−1/2) ∙ 𝑥^(1/2) + 1/2⁡𝑥^(1/2) ∙ 𝑦^(−1/2)⁡𝑦´ = 1 − 𝑦´
4𝑦^2 + 8𝑥𝑦𝑦´ − 2 + 1/2⁡𝑦^(1/2) ∙ 𝑥^(−1/2) + 1/2⁡𝑥^(1/2) ∙ 𝑦^(−1/2)⁡𝑦´ = 1 − 𝑦´
8𝑥𝑦𝑦´ − 2 + 1/2⁡𝑦^(1/2) ∙ 𝑥^(−1/2) + 1/2⁡𝑥^(1/2) ∙ 𝑦^(−1/2)⁡𝑦´
= 1 − 4𝑦^2 + 2 − 1/2⁡𝑦^(1/2)⁡𝑥^(−1/2)
𝑦´(8𝑥𝑦 + 1/2⁡𝑥^(1/2)⁡𝑦^(−1/2)) = 3 − 4𝑦^2 + 2 − 1/2⁡𝑦^(1/2)⁡𝑥^(−1/2)
𝑦´16𝑥𝑦 + 𝑥^(1/2)⁡𝑦^(−1/2) + 2 = 6 − 8𝑦^2 − 𝑦^(1/2)⁡𝑥^(−1/2)
𝑦´ = (6 − 8𝑦^2 − 𝑦^(1/2)⁡𝑥^(−1/2))/(16𝑥𝑦 + 𝑥^(1/2)⁡𝑦^(−1/2) + 2)
• 𝑓(𝑥) = 1/(𝑥 − 1) + 1/(𝑥 + 1)
𝑓(𝑥) = ((𝑥 + 1) + (𝑥 − 1))/((𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 1))
𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥/(𝑥^2 − 1)

𝑓^′⁡(𝑥) = ((𝑥^2 − 1)(2𝑥) − (2𝑥)(2𝑥))/((〖𝑥^2 − 1)〗^2⁡)

𝑓^′⁡(𝑥) = ((𝑥^2 − 1)(2) − (2𝑥)(2𝑥))/((〖𝑥^2 − 1)〗^2⁡)

𝑓^′⁡(𝑥) = (〖2𝑥〗^2 − 2 − 〖4𝑥〗^2)/((〖𝑥^2 − 1)〗^2⁡)

𝑓^′⁡(𝑥) = (〖 − 2𝑥〗^2 + 2)/((〖𝑥^2 − 1)〗^2⁡)

𝑓^′⁡(𝑥) = (〖 − 2𝑥〗^2 + 2)/((〖𝑥^2 − 1)〗^2⁡)

𝑓^′⁡(𝑥) = (−2(𝑥^2 − 1))/((〖𝑥^2 − 1)〗^2⁡)


𝑓^′⁡(𝑥) = (−2)/(𝑥^2 − 1)

𝑓^′′⁡(𝑥) = (〖(𝑥〗^2 − 1)(−2)′ − (−2)(𝑥^2 − 1)′)/((〖𝑥^2 − 1)〗^2⁡)

𝑓^′′⁡(𝑥) = (0 − (−2)(2𝑥))/((〖𝑥^2 − 1)〗^2⁡)


𝑓^′′⁡(𝑥) = 4𝑥/((〖𝑥^2 − 1)〗^2⁡)

• 𝑓(𝑥) = ∛(2𝑥 + 4)

𝑓^′⁡(𝑥) = 𝑑/𝑑𝑥(∛(2𝑥 + 4))

𝑓^′⁡(𝑥) = 𝑑/𝑑𝑥⁡〖(2𝑥 + 4)〗^(1/3)

𝑓^′⁡(𝑥) = [〖(2𝑥 + 4)〗^(1/3)⁡]^1


𝑓^′⁡(𝑥) = 1/3⁡(2𝑥 + 4)^(1/3 − 1)⁡(2𝑥 + 4)′
𝑓^′⁡(𝑥) = 1/3⁡(2𝑥 + 4)^((−2)/3)⁡(2 + 0)
𝑓^′⁡(𝑥) = 1/3⁡(2𝑥 + 4)^((−2)/3)⁡(2)

• 𝑓(𝑥) = ⁡⁡4/(2𝑥 − 6⁡)


𝑓^′⁡(𝑥) = ⁡⁡4/(2⁡(𝑥 − 3⁡))
𝑓^′⁡(𝑥) = ⁡⁡𝑑/𝑑𝑥⁡⁡⁡(2/(𝑥 − 3⁡))
𝑓^′⁡(𝑥) = ⁡ −2⁡⁡(⁡𝑑/𝑑𝑥⁡⁡𝑥⁡(𝑥 − 3))/(𝑥 − 3)^2⁡
𝑓^′ = ⁡ −2⁡⁡(⁡𝑑/𝑑𝑥⁡⁡𝑥 − ⁡𝑑/𝑑𝑥⁡⁡3⁡)/(𝑥 − 3⁡)^2⁡
𝑓^′⁡(𝑥) = ⁡ −2⁡⁡1/(𝑥 − 3⁡)^2⁡

• 𝑓(𝑥) = ⁡⁡𝑥/(𝑥^2 − 1⁡)


𝑓^′⁡(𝑥) = ⁡ (𝑥^2/(𝑥^2 − 1⁡))⁡⁡
𝑓^′⁡(𝑥) = ⁡⁡ (⁡𝑑/𝑑𝑥⁡(𝑥^2⁡)(𝑥^2 − 1) − ⁡𝑥^2. 𝑑/𝑑𝑥⁡(𝑥^2 − 1)′)/(𝑥^2 − 1⁡)^2⁡
𝑓⁡(𝑥) = ⁡⁡ (2𝑥(𝑥^2 − 1⁡) − 𝑥⁡(2𝑥))/(𝑥^2 − 1)^2⁡
𝑓^′⁡(𝑥) = ⁡ −⁡⁡2𝑥/(𝑥^2 − 1)^2⁡

• 𝑓(𝑥) = ⁡⁡𝑥^2/(⁡𝑥 − 1)
𝑓′(𝑥) = ⁡⁡𝑑/𝑑𝑥⁡⁡(𝑥^2/(𝑥 − 1))
𝑓^′⁡(𝑥) = ⁡⁡ ((𝑥^2⁡)^′⁡(𝑥 − 1) − (𝑥^2⁡)(⁡𝑥 − 1))/(𝑥 − 1)^2⁡

𝑓^′⁡(𝑥) = ⁡⁡ ((2𝑥)(𝑥 − 1) − (𝑥^2⁡)(1 − 0))/〖(𝑥 − ⁡1)〗^2⁡


𝑓^′⁡(𝑥) = ⁡⁡ (2⁡𝑥^2 − 2𝑥 − ⁡𝑥^2)/(⁡𝑥 − 1)^2⁡

𝑓^′⁡(𝑥) = ⁡⁡ (𝑥^2 − 2𝑥)/〖(𝑥 − 1)〗^2⁡

• 3𝑥^2⁡𝑦 + 4𝑥 = 2𝑦^3 − 7⁡𝑥^4


3𝑥^2⁡𝑦 + 4𝑥 − 2𝑦^3 + 7⁡𝑥^4 = 0
6𝑥𝑦^′ + 3⁡𝑥^2⁡𝑦^′ + 4 − 6𝑦^2. 𝑦^′ + 28𝑥^3 = 0
6𝑥𝑦 + 3𝑥^2⁡𝑦^′ − 6𝑦^2. 𝑦^′ = −4 − 28𝑥^3
𝑦^′⁡(6𝑥 + 3𝑥^2 − 6𝑦^2 = ⁡ −4 − 28𝑥^3
𝑦´ = ⁡⁡ (−4 − 28𝑥^3)/(6𝑥 + 3𝑥^2⁡⁡6𝑦^2⁡)
• 𝒙^(𝟐/𝟑) − 𝒚^(𝟐/𝟑) = 𝟏
〖2/3⁡𝑥〗^(2/3 − 1) − 〖2/3⁡𝑦〗^(2/3 − 1)⁡𝑦^′ = 0
〖2/3⁡𝑥〗^(−1/3) − 〖2/3⁡𝑦〗^(−1/3)⁡𝑦^′ = 0⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡
→ ⁡⁡⁡⁡𝑥^(−1/3) − 𝑦^(−1/3)⁡𝑦^′ = 0
𝑦^′ = (−〖2/3⁡𝑥〗^(−1/3))/(−〖2/3⁡𝑦〗^(−1/3)⁡)
1
𝑦3
𝑦′ = 1
𝑥3

Segunda derivada:
〖 − 𝑥〗^(−1/3) + 𝑦^(−1/3)⁡𝑦^′ = 0
(〖 − 1/3⁡𝑥〗^(−4/3)⁡) + (〖 − 1/3⁡𝑦〗^(−4/3)⁡𝑦^′⁡𝑦^′ + 𝑦^(−1/3)⁡𝑦′′) = 0
〖1/3⁡𝑥〗^(−4/3)⁡〖 − 1/3⁡𝑦〗^(−4/3)⁡𝑦^′⁡𝑦^′ + 𝑦^(−1/3)⁡𝑦^′′ = 0
𝑦^(−1/3)⁡𝑦^′′ = −〖1/3⁡𝑥〗^(−4/3)⁡〖 + 1/3⁡𝑦〗^(−4/3)⁡(𝑦^′⁡)^2
𝑦^(−1/3)⁡𝑦^′′ = 1/3⁡[−1/𝑥^(4/3) ⁡ + 1/𝑥^(4/3)⁡⁡(𝑦^(1/3)/𝑥^(1/3)⁡)^2⁡]
𝑥^(2/3) − 𝑦^(𝟐/𝟑) = 1

𝑦^(−1/3)⁡𝑦^′′ = 1/3⁡[−1/𝑥^(4/3) ⁡ + (𝑦^(2/3)/(𝑦^(4/3)⁡𝑥^(2/3)⁡))]


𝑦^(−1/3)⁡𝑦^′′ = 1/3⁡[−1/𝑥^(4/3) ⁡ + 1/(𝑦^(2/3)⁡𝑥^(𝟐/𝟑)⁡)]
𝑦^(−1/3)⁡𝑦^′′ = 1/3⁡[−(𝑦^(2/3) + 𝑥^(𝟐/𝟑))/(𝑥^(4/3)⁡𝑦^(2/3)⁡)]
𝑦^(−1/3)⁡𝑦^′′ = 1/3⁡[(𝑥^(2/3) − 𝑦^(𝟐/𝟑))/(𝑥^(4/3)⁡𝑦^(2/3)⁡)]
𝑦^(−1/3)⁡𝑦^′′ = 1/3⁡[1/(𝑥^(4/3)⁡𝑦^(2/3)⁡)]
𝑦′′ = 1/3⁡[1/(𝑥^(4/3)⁡𝑦^(2/3)⁡𝑦^(−1/3)⁡)]

1
𝑦′′ = 4 1
3𝑥 3 𝑦 3
• ⁡⁡𝒙^(𝟏/𝟑) − 𝒚^(𝟏/𝟑) = 𝟑
Solución:
1/3⁡𝑥^(−2/3) − 1/3⁡𝑦^(−2/3)⁡𝑦′ = 0
−1/3⁡𝑦^(−2/3)⁡𝑦^′ = −1/3⁡𝑥^(−2/3)
𝑦^′ = (−1/3⁡𝑥^(−2/3))/(−1/3⁡𝑦^(−2/3)⁡)
𝑦^′ = 𝑦^(2/3)/𝑥^(2/3)⁡
Derivando la ecuación
−1/3⁡𝑥^(−2/3) + 1/3⁡𝑦^(−2/3)⁡𝑦′ = 0
−(−2/3⁡𝑥^(−5/3)⁡) + (−2/3⁡𝑦^(−5/3)⁡𝑦^′⁡𝑦^′ + 𝑦^(−2/3)⁡𝑦^′′⁡) = 0
2/3⁡𝑥^(−5/3) − 2/3⁡𝑦^(−5/3)⁡𝑦^′⁡𝑦^′ + 𝑦^(−2/3)⁡𝑦^′′ = 0
𝑦^(−2/3)⁡𝑦^′′ = −2/3⁡𝑥^(−5/3) + 2/3⁡𝑦^(−5/3)⁡(𝑦^′⁡)^2
𝑦^(−2/3)⁡𝑦^′′ = 2/3⁡[−1/𝑥^(5/3) ⁡ + 1/𝑦^(5/3)⁡⁡(𝑦^(2/3)/𝑥^(2/3)⁡)^2⁡]
𝑦^(−2/3)⁡𝑦^′′ = 2/3⁡[−1/𝑥^(5/3) ⁡ + 𝑦^(4/3)/(𝑦^(5/3)⁡𝑥^(4/3)⁡)]
𝑦^(−2/3)⁡𝑦^′′ = 2/3⁡[−1/𝑥^(5/3) ⁡ + 1/(𝑦^(1/2)⁡𝑥^(4/3)⁡)]
𝑦^(−2/3)⁡𝑦^′′ = 2/3⁡[(〖 − 𝑦〗^(1/3) + 𝑥^(1/3))/(𝑦^(1/3)⁡𝑥^(5/3)⁡)]

PRACTICA 11-05
𝑥
1. x2 - y2 = 5 (y᾽= 𝑦)᾽
(x2 - y2 = 5)᾽
(𝑦)(𝑥)᾽⁡−⁡(𝑥)(𝑦)᾽
2x – 2yy᾽= 0 y᾽᾽= 𝑦2
-2yy᾽ = -2x
𝑦−𝑥𝑦᾽
y᾽= (−2𝑥)/(−2𝑦) y᾽᾽= 𝑦2
y᾽= 𝑥/𝑦
𝑥 𝑥2
𝑦−𝑥( ) 𝑦−( )
𝑦 𝑦
y᾽᾽= ⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡y᾽᾽=
𝑦2 𝑦 2

𝑦 2 −𝑥 2
y᾽᾽=
𝑦3

2. 2xy – y2 = x2 + xy
(2xy – y2 = x2 + xy)᾽
(2x)᾽(y) + (y)᾽(2x) – 2yy᾽ = 2x + (x)᾽(y) + (y)᾽(x)
2y + 2xy᾽ - 2yy᾽ = 2x + y + xy᾽
2xy᾽ - 2yy᾽ - xy᾽= 2x + y – 2y
xy’⁡-2yy’⁡=⁡2x⁡+⁡y⁡– 2y
y’(x⁡– 2y) = 2x + y – 2y
y’⁡=⁡(2𝑥⁡ − 𝑦)/((𝑥 − 2𝑦)⁡)
y’’=⁡((2𝑥 − 𝑦)^′⁡(𝑥 − 2𝑦) − (𝑥 − 2𝑦)^′⁡(2𝑥 − 𝑦)⁡)/〖(𝑥 − 2𝑦)〗^2⁡
y’’=⁡(〖(2 − 𝑦〗^′)(𝑥 − 2𝑦) − (−2𝑦᾽)(2𝑥 − 𝑦)⁡)/〖(𝑥 − 2𝑦)〗^2⁡
y’’=⁡(2𝑥 − 4𝑦 − 𝑥𝑦᾽ + 2𝑦𝑦᾽ − 2𝑥 + 𝑦 + 4𝑥𝑦᾽ − 2𝑦𝑦᾽⁡)/〖(𝑥 − 2𝑦)〗^2⁡
y’’=⁡(−3𝑦 + 3𝑥𝑦᾽⁡)/〖(𝑥 − 2𝑦)〗^2⁡
y’’=⁡(−3𝑦 + 3𝑥((2𝑥⁡ − 𝑦)/((𝑥 − 2𝑦)⁡))⁡⁡)/〖(𝑥 − 2𝑦)〗^2⁡
y’’=⁡(−3𝑦 + (〖6𝑥〗^2 − 3𝑥𝑦)/(𝑥 − 2𝑦)⁡⁡)/〖(𝑥 − 2𝑦)〗^2⁡
y’’=⁡((−3𝑦⁡(𝑥 − 2𝑦) + 〖6𝑥〗^2 − 3𝑥𝑦)/(𝑥 − 2𝑦)⁡⁡)/〖(𝑥 − 2𝑦)〗^2⁡
y’’=⁡((−3𝑥𝑦⁡ + 〖6𝑦〗^2 + 〖6𝑥〗^2 − 3𝑥𝑦)/(𝑥 − 2𝑦)⁡⁡)/〖(𝑥 − 2𝑦)〗^2⁡
y’’=⁡(−6𝑥𝑦⁡ + 〖6𝑦〗^2 + 〖6𝑥〗^2⁡⁡)/(〖(𝑥 − 2𝑦)〗^2⁡⁡⦁⁡(𝑥 − 2𝑦))
y’’=⁡(−6𝑥𝑦⁡ + 〖6𝑦〗^2 + 〖6𝑥〗^2⁡⁡)/〖(𝑥 − 2𝑦)〗^3⁡
3. x3 – 7 + 3x2y = 3y2 – x2y
(x3 – 7 + 3x2y)᾽ = (3y2 – x2y)᾽
3x2 + 6xy + 3x2y᾽ = 6yy᾽ - 2xy + x2y᾽
3x2 + 6xy + 2xy = 6yy᾽ + x2y᾽- 3x2y᾽
x (3x + 6y +2y) = y᾽ (6y +x2 – 3x2)
x (3x + 8y) = y᾽ (6y – 2x2)
y᾽ = (〖3𝑥〗^2 + 8𝑥𝑦)/(6𝑦 − 〖2𝑥〗^2⁡)
y᾽᾽ = (〖(3𝑥〗^2 + 8𝑥𝑦)᾽(6𝑦 − 〖2𝑥〗^2⁡) − 〖(3𝑥〗^2 + 8𝑥𝑦)(6𝑦 − 〖2𝑥〗
^2⁡)᾽)/(6𝑦 − 〖2𝑥〗^2⁡)^2⁡
= (6𝑥 + 8𝑦 + 8𝑥𝑦᾽⁡(6𝑦 − 〖2𝑥〗^2⁡) − 〖(3𝑥〗^2 + 8𝑥𝑦)⁡6𝑦᾽ − ⁡4𝑥)/(6𝑦 −
〖2𝑥〗^2⁡)^2⁡
= (36𝑥𝑦 − 12𝑥^3 + 48𝑦^2 − 16𝑥^2⁡𝑦 + 48𝑥𝑦𝑦᾽ − 16𝑥^3⁡𝑦᾽ − (18𝑥^2⁡𝑦᾽ −
12𝑥^3 + 48𝑥𝑦𝑦᾽ − 32𝑥^2⁡𝑦))/(6𝑦 − 〖2𝑥〗^2⁡)^2⁡
= (36𝑥𝑦 − 12𝑥^3 + 48𝑦^2 − 16𝑥^2⁡𝑦 + 48𝑥𝑦𝑦᾽ − 16𝑥^3⁡𝑦᾽ + 18𝑥^2⁡𝑦᾽ +
12𝑥^3 − 48𝑥𝑦𝑦᾽ + 32𝑥^2⁡𝑦)/(6𝑦 − 〖2𝑥〗^2⁡)^2⁡
= (36𝑥𝑦 − 12𝑥^3 + 48𝑦^2 − 16𝑥^2⁡𝑦 + 48𝑥𝑦𝑦᾽ − 16𝑥^3⁡𝑦᾽ + 18𝑥^2⁡𝑦᾽ +
12𝑥^3 − 48𝑥𝑦𝑦᾽ + 32𝑥^2⁡𝑦)/(6𝑦 − 〖2𝑥〗^2⁡)^2⁡
y᾽᾽= (36𝑥𝑦 + 48𝑦^2 + 16𝑥^2⁡𝑦 − 16𝑥^3⁡𝑦᾽ + 18𝑥^2⁡𝑦᾽)/(6𝑦 − 〖2𝑥〗^2⁡)^2⁡

4. √𝑥 + √𝑦 = 1
(𝑥_2^1 − 𝑦_2^1 = 1)’

1/2⁡𝑥^(−1/2) − 1/2⁡𝑦^(−1/2)⁡𝑦᾽ = 0
y’⁡−𝑦^(1/2)/𝑥^(1/2)⁡
(𝑥^(−1/2) + 𝑦^(−1/2)⁡𝑦᾽ = 0)^′
-1/2⁡𝑥^(−3/2) − 1/2⁡𝑦^(−3/2)⁡𝑦′𝑦᾽ + 𝑦^(−1/2)⁡𝑦′′ = 0
𝑦^(−1/2)⁡𝑦′′ = 1/2⁡𝑥^(−3/2) − 1/2⁡𝑦^(−3/2)⁡〖(𝑦^′)〗^2
=1/2⁡[1/𝑥^(3/2) ⁡ + 1/𝑦^(3/2)⁡⁡(−𝑦^(1/2)/𝑥^(1/2)⁡)^2⁡]
=1/2⁡[(𝑥^(1/2) + 𝑦^(1/2))/(𝑥^(3/2)⁡𝑦^(1/2)⁡)]
𝑦′′ = 1/(2𝑥^(3/2)⁡𝑦^(−1/2)⁡𝑦^(1/2)⁡)
𝑦^′′ = 1/(2𝑥^(3/2)⁡)

5. x3+ 5y2 = y + x2
(x3+ 5y2 )᾽= (y + x2 )᾽
3x² + 10yy᾽ = y᾽ + 2x
10yy᾽-y᾽=2x - 3x²
y' (10y-1) = 2x-3x²
y' = (2𝑥 − 3𝑥²⁡)/(10𝑦 − 1)
y" = ((2𝑥 − 3𝑥²)᾽⁡(10𝑦 − 1) ⁡ − ⁡ (2𝑥 − 3𝑥²)⁡(10𝑦⁡ − 1)᾽⁡)/((10𝑦 − 1)2)
y" = (2 − 6𝑥⁡(10⁡𝑦 − 1) ⁡ − ⁡ (2𝑥 − 3𝑥²)⁡(10𝑦′))/((10𝑦⁡ − 1)2)
y" = (20y − 2 − 60⁡xy⁡ + ⁡6x⁡ − ⁡ (20⁡xy᾽⁡ − ⁡30x²⁡y᾽)⁡)/((10𝑦⁡ − 1)2)
y" = (20y⁡ − ⁡2 − 60xу⁡ + ⁡6x⁡ − ⁡20xy᾽⁡ + ⁡30x²y᾽⁡⁡)/((10𝑦⁡ − 1)2)

6. 𝑥_3^1 − 𝑦_3^1 = 3
1/3⁡𝑥^((−2)/3) − 1/3⁡𝑦^((−2)/3)⁡𝑦᾽ = 0
((−1)/3⁡𝑥^((−2)/3))/((−1)/3⁡𝑦^((−2)/3)⁡) y᾽= 𝑦^(2/3)/𝑥^(2/3)⁡
Derivando la ecuación
−𝑥^((−2)/3) + 𝑦^((−2)/3)y᾽ = 0
−(−〖2/3⁡𝑥〗^((−5)/3) ) +(−〖2/3⁡𝑦〗^((−5)/3)y᾽y᾽+𝑦^((−2)/3) y᾽᾽) = 0
〖2/3⁡𝑥〗^((−5)/3) − 〖2/3⁡𝑦〗^((−5)/3)y᾽y᾽+𝑦^((−2)/3) y᾽᾽) = 0
𝑦^((−2)/3) y᾽᾽=- 〖2/3⁡𝑥〗^((−5)/3) + 〖2/3⁡𝑦〗^((−5)/3)(y᾽)2
= 2/3⁡[−1/𝑥^(5/3) ⁡ + 1/𝑦^(5/3)⁡⁡(𝑦^(2/3)/𝑥^(2/3)⁡)^2⁡]
= 2/3⁡[−1/𝑥^(5/3) ⁡ + 𝑦^(4/3)/(𝑦^(5/3)⁡𝑥^(4/3)⁡)]
= 2/3⁡[(𝑥^(1/3) − 𝑦^(1/3))/(𝑥^(5/3)⁡𝑦^(1/3)⁡)]
𝑦^((−2)/3) y᾽᾽= 2/3⁡[3/(𝑥^(5/3)⁡𝑦^(1/3)⁡)]
𝑦^((−2)/3) y᾽᾽= (6𝑦^(1/3))/(3𝑥^(5/3)⁡)
y᾽᾽= (2𝑦^(1/3))/𝑥^(5/3)⁡

7. 𝑥^(2/3) − ⁡𝑦^(2/3) = 1
(𝑥^(2/3) − ⁡𝑦^(2/3) = 1)᾽
2/3⁡𝑥^(−1/3) − 2/3⁡𝑦^(−1/3)⁡𝑦᾽ = 0
y’⁡𝑦^(1/3)/𝑥^(1/3)⁡
Segunda derivada
(−𝑥^(−1/3) + 𝑦^(−1/3)⁡𝑦᾽ = 0)^′
1/3⁡𝑥^(−4/3) − 1/3⁡𝑦^(−4/3)⁡𝑦𝑦᾽ + 𝑦^(−1/3)⁡𝑦′′ = 0
𝑦^(−1/3)⁡𝑦′′ = 1/3⁡𝑥^(−4/3) − 1/3⁡𝑦^(−4/3)⁡〖(𝑦^′)〗^2
=1/3⁡[−1/𝑥^(4/3) ⁡ + 1/𝑦^(4/3)⁡⁡(𝑦^(1/3)/𝑥^(1/3)⁡)^2⁡]
=1/3⁡[(𝑥^(2/3) − 𝑦^(2/3))/(𝑥^(4/3)⁡𝑦^(2/3)⁡)]
𝑦′′ = 1/(3𝑥^(4/3)⁡𝑦^(2/3)⁡𝑦^(−1/3)⁡)
𝑦′′ = 1/(3𝑥^(4/3)⁡𝑦^(1/3)⁡)

8. 𝑥^(1/5)+𝑦^(1/5) = 10
(𝑥^(1/5)+𝑦^(1/5) = 10)’
1/5⁡𝑥^(−4/5) + 1/5⁡𝑦^(−4/5)⁡𝑦^′ = 0
𝑦^′ = (−1/5⁡𝑥^(−4/5))/(−1/5⁡𝑦^(−4/5)⁡)
𝑦^′ = −𝑦^(4/5)/𝑥^(4/5)⁡
Derivamos en la ecuación
〖(𝑥〗^(−4/5)+𝑦^(−4/5)⁡𝑦^′)’⁡
−4/5⁡𝑥^(−9/5) − 4/5⁡𝑦^(−9/5)⁡𝑦𝑦^′ + 𝑦^(−4/5)⁡〖(𝑦^′)〗^2 = 0
𝑦^(−4/5)⁡𝑦^′′ = 4/5⁡𝑥^(−9/5) + 4/5⁡𝑦^(−9/5)⁡〖(𝑦^′)〗^2
=4/5⁡⁡[1/𝑥^(9/5)⁡ + 1/𝑦^(9/5)⁡⁡(−𝑦^(4/5)/𝑥^(4/5)⁡)^2⁡]⁡⁡
=4/5⁡⁡[1/𝑥^(9/5)⁡ + 𝑦^(8/5)/(𝑥^(8/5)⁡𝑦^(9/5)⁡)]
= 4/5⁡⁡[1/𝑥^(9/5)⁡ + 1/(𝑥^(8/5)⁡𝑦^(1/5)⁡)]
= 4/5⁡⁡[(𝑦^(1/5) + 𝑥^(1/5))/(𝑥^(8/5)⁡𝑦^(1/5)⁡)]
y’’⁡= 4/5⁡⁡[10/(𝑥^(8/5)⁡𝑦^(−⁡3/5)⁡)]
y’’⁡= (40𝑦^(3/5))/(5𝑥^(8/5)⁡)⁡⁡
y’’⁡= (8𝑦^(3/5))/𝑥^(8/5)⁡⁡⁡
9. ∛𝑥 − ⁡ ∛𝑦 = 2
(𝑥^(1/3) − 𝑦^(1/3) = 2)^′
𝑥^(−2/3) − 𝑦^(−2/3)⁡𝑦^′ =0
𝑦^′ = 𝑥^(−2/3)/𝑦^(−2/3)⁡ 𝑦^′ = 𝑦^(2/3)/𝑥^(2/3)⁡
(𝑦^′ = 𝑦^(2/3)/𝑥^(2/3)⁡)^′
𝑦^′′ = ((〖(𝑥〗^(2/3))⁡(𝑦^(2/3))′
− ⁡〖(𝑥〗^(2/3))′⁡(𝑦^(2/3)))/〖〖(𝑥〗^(2/3))〗^2⁡)
𝑦^′′ = ((𝑥^(2/3)⁡⁡(2/3⁡𝑦^(−1/3)⁡𝑦′)
− ⁡ (𝑦^(2/3)⁡)(〖2/3⁡𝑥〗^(−1/3)⁡)⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡)/〖〖(𝑥〗^(2/3))〗^2⁡)
𝑦^′′ = ((〖2/3⁡𝑥〗^(2/3)⁡𝑦^(−1/3)⁡(𝑦^(2/3)/𝑥^(2/3)⁡)
− ⁡⁡〖2/3⁡𝑦〗^(2/3)⁡𝑥^(−1/3)⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡)/〖〖(𝑥〗^(2/3))〗^2⁡)
𝑦^′′ = 2/3⁡((⁡𝑦^(1/3) − ⁡⁡𝑦^(2/3)⁡𝑥^(−1/3)⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡)/〖〖(𝑥〗^(2/3))〗^2⁡)
𝑦^′′ = 2/3⁡∛((𝑦 − 𝑦^2/𝑥)/𝑥^4⁡)
𝑦^′′ = 2/3⁡∛((𝑥𝑦 − 𝑦^2)/𝑥^5⁡)

10. x3 + y3= 6xy


(x3 + y3= 6xy)’⁡
3x² + 3y²y = 6y +6xy’
3y²y -6xy’ = 6y-3x²
y’(3y2 -6x) = 6y-3x²
y’ = (6y − 3x²⁡)/(3y^2⁡⁡ − 6x)
y’ = (3(2y − x^2)⁡)/(3(y^2⁡⁡ − 2x))
y’ = (2y − x^2⁡⁡)/(y^2⁡⁡ − 2x)
Derivamos
y’ = (2y − x^2⁡⁡)/(y^2⁡⁡ − 2x)

y" = ((2𝑦 − 𝑥²)’⁡(𝑦²⁡ − 2𝑥) ⁡ − ⁡ (2𝑦 − 𝑥²⁡)⁡(⁡y^2 − ⁡2𝑥)’⁡)/〖(𝑦^2⁡⁡ − 2𝑥)〗^2⁡


y" = ((2y^′ − 2x)(y²⁡ − 2x) ⁡ − ⁡ (2y − x²⁡)⁡(⁡2y𝑦^′ − ⁡2)⁡)/〖(y^2⁡⁡ − 2x)〗^2⁡
y" = (−2〖y^2⁡y〗^′ − 4xy^′ − 2xy^2 + 2x^2 + 4y + 2x^2⁡yy^′⁡⁡)/〖(y^2⁡⁡ − 2x)〗
^2⁡
y" =(−2⁡y^2⁡((2y − x^2⁡⁡)/(y^2⁡⁡ − 2x)) − 4x((2y − x^2⁡⁡)/(y^2⁡⁡ − 2x)) − 2xy^2 +
2x^2 + 4y + 2x^2⁡y((2y − x^2⁡⁡)/(y^2⁡⁡ − 2x))⁡⁡)/〖(y^2⁡⁡ − 2x)〗^2⁡
y" =((−4⁡𝑦^3 + 2𝑥^2⁡𝑦^2 − 8𝑥𝑦 + 4𝑥^3 − 2𝑥𝑦^4 + 4𝑥^2⁡𝑦^2 + 2𝑥^2⁡𝑦^2 − 4𝑥^3 +
4⁡𝑦^3 − 8𝑥𝑦 + 4𝑥^2⁡𝑦^2 − 2𝑥𝑦^4)/(y^2⁡⁡ − 2x)⁡⁡)/〖(y^2⁡⁡ − 2x)〗^2⁡
y" =(12𝑥^2⁡𝑦^2 − 16𝑥𝑦 − 2𝑥𝑦^4 − 2𝑥^4⁡𝑦⁡)/〖(y^2⁡⁡ − 2x)〗^3⁡
• Hacia un tanque cónico fluye agua a razón de 8 p/min. Si la altura del tanque es de
12 pies y el radio de la base es de 6 pies, determine la rapidez con la que se está
elevando el nivel del agua cuando tiene 4 pies de altura.
𝐷𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑎

12/ℎ = ⁡⁡6/𝑟 𝑑𝑣
= 8⁡𝑝/𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑑𝑡
𝑟 = 6 ∙ ℎ/12
𝑟 = ⁡⁡ℎ/2
𝜋
𝑣 = ⁡ ⁡𝑟 2 ⁡ℎ
3
𝑑𝑣 𝜋 𝑑ℎ 𝜋 ℎ
= ⁡ ⁡ ∙ 3ℎ2 ∙ 𝑣 = ⁡ ⁡( )2 ⁡ℎ
𝑑𝑡 12 𝑑𝑡 3 2
𝑑𝑣 12 𝑑ℎ
⁡∙⁡ 2
=⁡ 𝜋 ℎ2
𝑑𝑡 3𝜋ℎ 𝑑𝑡 𝑣 =⁡ ⁡∙⁡ ∙ ℎ
3 4
𝜋
𝑣 = ⁡ ⁡ ∙ ⁡ ℎ3
𝑅𝑒𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑟⁡ 12

𝑑𝑣 12 𝑑ℎ
⁡∙⁡ 2
=⁡
𝑑𝑡 3𝜋ℎ 𝑑𝑡
12 𝑑ℎ
8⁡ ∙ ⁡ 2
= ⁡
3𝜋⁡(4) ⁡ 𝑑𝑡
12 𝑑ℎ
8⁡ ∙ ⁡ =
3𝜋 ∙ 16⁡ 𝑑𝑡
4 𝑑ℎ
=⁡
2𝜋 𝑑𝑡

2 𝑑ℎ
=⁡
𝜋 𝑑𝑡
• En una circunferencia se sabe que su radio aumenta su razón de 1 cm/s. Determine
la razón de cambio de la circunferencia cuando el radio sea igual.

𝑑𝑣
= 1𝑐𝑚/𝑠
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝐴
=⁡? ⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜⁡𝑟 = 5𝑐𝑚⁡
𝑑𝑡

𝐴 = ⁡𝜋 ∙ 𝑟 2
𝑑𝐴 𝑑𝑟
= ⁡𝜋 ∙ 2𝑟⁡ ∙ ⁡
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝐴
= ⁡𝜋 ∙ 2⁡(5𝑐𝑚/𝑠)(1𝑐𝑚/𝑠)
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝐴
= ⁡𝜋⁡ ∙ 10⁡𝑐𝑚/𝑠
𝑑𝑡

𝑑𝐴
= 31, 41⁡𝑐𝑚/𝑠
𝑑𝑡

• Cuando un plato circular de metal se calienta en un horno, su radio aumenta a


razón de 0.01 cm/mint. Determine la razón de cambio del área del plato cuando el
radio mide 50 cm.
𝑑𝐴
= 0.01⁡𝑐𝑚/𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑑𝑡

𝑑𝐴
=⁡? ⁡⁡𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜⁡50⁡𝑐𝑚⁡⁡
𝑑𝑡

𝐴 = ⁡𝜋⁡ ∙ ⁡ 𝑟 2

𝑑𝐴 𝑑𝑟
= ⁡𝜋 ∙ 2𝑟 ∙ ⁡
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝐴
= ⁡𝜋⁡ ∙ 2⁡(50⁡𝑐𝑚)(0.01⁡𝑐𝑚/𝑚𝑖𝑛)
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝐴
= ⁡𝜋⁡(1𝑐𝑚/𝑚𝑖𝑛)⁡
𝑑𝑡

𝑑𝐴
= 31.41⁡𝑐𝑚/𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑑𝑡

• El volumen de un cubo está cambiando a razón de 75 〖𝑐𝑚〗^3/minutos

a) Determine la razón de cambio de su lado cuando este mide 5 cm.

V = 𝑎^3 | 𝑑𝑉/𝑑𝑡 = 75 〖𝑐𝑚〗^3/min


𝑑𝑉/𝑑𝑡 = 3𝑎^2 𝑑𝑎/𝑑𝑡

𝑑𝑎/𝑑𝑡 = 1/〖3𝑎〗^2⁡ 𝑑𝑉/𝑑𝑡

𝑑𝑎/𝑑𝑡 = (〖75⁡𝑐𝑚〗^3/𝑚𝑖𝑛)/〖3(5⁡𝑐𝑚)〗^2⁡

𝑑𝑎/𝑑𝑡 = (〖75𝑐𝑚〗^3/𝑚𝑖𝑛)/〖75⁡𝑐𝑚〗^2⁡
𝑑𝑎/𝑑𝑡 = 1 cm/min
b) Determine la razón de cambio del área de la superficie cuando esta es de
〖24⁡𝑐𝑚〗^2
〖𝐴 = 6𝑎〗^2 𝐴 = 〖24⁡𝑐𝑚〗^2 V= 𝑎^3

𝑑𝐴/𝑑𝑡 = 12a 𝑑𝑎/𝑑𝑡 〖24⁡𝑐𝑚〗^2 = 6𝑎^2 𝑑𝑉/𝑑𝑡 = 〖3𝑎〗^2


𝑑𝑎/𝑑𝑣
𝑑𝐴/𝑑𝑡 = 12 (2 cm) (6,25 cm/min) 𝑎^2 = 〖24⁡𝑐𝑚〗^2/6 𝑑𝑎/𝑑𝑡 = 1/〖3𝑎〗^2⁡
𝑑𝑉/𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝐴/𝑑𝑡 = 〖150⁡𝑐𝑚〗^2/𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑎^2 = 〖4⁡𝑐𝑚〗^2 𝑑𝑎/𝑑𝑡 = (〖75⁡𝑐𝑚〗
^3/𝑚𝑖𝑛)/〖3⁡(2⁡𝑐𝑚)〗^2⁡

√(𝑎^2⁡) = √(〖4⁡𝑐𝑚〗^2⁡) 𝑑𝑎/𝑑𝑡 = (〖75⁡𝑐𝑚〗


^3/𝑚𝑖𝑛)/〖12⁡𝑐𝑚〗^2⁡
𝑎 = 2⁡𝑐𝑚 𝑑𝑎/𝑑𝑡 = 6,25⁡𝑐𝑚/𝑚𝑖𝑛

• En una circunferencia, se sabe que su radio aumenta a razón de 1 cm/s. Determine


la razón de cambio del área de la circunferencia cuando el radio sea igual a 5cm.
𝑑𝑟/𝑑𝑡 = 1 cm/s
𝐴 = 𝜋𝑟^2
𝑑𝐴/𝑑𝑡 = 2 𝜋r 𝑑𝑟/𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝐴/𝑑𝑡 = 2 𝜋(5 cm) (1 cm/s)

𝑑𝐴/𝑑𝑡 = 31,42 〖𝑐𝑚〗^2/𝑠


PRACTICA 13-05 y 16-05
• 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝐜𝐨𝐬⁡((𝒙 − 𝟏)/(𝒙 + 𝟏))

𝑓_((𝑥))^′ = 𝑑/ 𝑑𝑥⁡(cos⁡((𝑥 − 1)/(𝑥 + 1))⁡)

𝑓_((𝑥))^′ = 𝑑/ 𝑑𝑔⁡(cos⁡(𝑔)⁡) ∙ 𝑑/ 𝑑𝑥⁡((𝑥 − 1)/(𝑥 + 1))

𝑓_((𝑥))^′ = −sen(𝑔) ∙ ((𝑥 + 1) − (𝑥 − 1))/(𝑥 + 1)^2⁡

𝑓_((𝑥))^′ = −sen((𝑥 − 1)/(𝑥 + 1)) ∙ ((𝑥 + 1) − (𝑥 − 1))/(𝑥 + 1)^2⁡

𝑓_((𝑥))^′ = −2𝑠𝑒𝑛((𝑥 − 1)/(𝑥 + 1))/(𝑥 + 1)^2⁡

• 𝒇(𝒙) = (𝟏 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟑𝒙)/(𝟏 − 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟑𝒙)

𝑓^′⁡(𝑥) = ((1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑥)⁡(1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑥)^′ − (1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑥)(1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑥)′)/(1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑥)^2⁡

𝑓^′⁡(𝑥) = ((1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑥)(−3𝑠𝑒𝑛3𝑥) − (1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑥)(3𝑠𝑒𝑛3𝑥))/(1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑥)^2⁡

𝑓^′⁡(𝑥) = (−3𝑠𝑒𝑛(3𝑥) + 3𝑠𝑒𝑛(3𝑥)⁡⁡cos⁡(3𝑥) − 3𝑠𝑒𝑛(3𝑥) − 3𝑠𝑒𝑛(3𝑥)cos⁡(3𝑥))/(1


− 𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑥)^2⁡
𝑓^′⁡(𝑥) = (6𝑠𝑒𝑛(3𝑥))/(1 − cos⁡(3𝑥))^2⁡

• 𝒇(𝒙) = 〖𝒔𝒆𝒏〗^𝟐⁡(𝟐𝒙^𝟑 + 𝟐𝒙)

𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑠𝑒𝑛(2𝑥^3 + 2𝑥)𝑐𝑜𝑠(2𝑥^3 + 2𝑥)(2𝑥^3 + 2𝑥)′

𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑠𝑒𝑛(2𝑥^3 + 2𝑥)𝑐𝑜𝑠(2𝑥^3 + 2𝑥)(6𝑥^2 + 2)

𝑓(𝑥) = 2(6𝑥^2 + 2)𝑠𝑒𝑛(2𝑥^3 + 2𝑥)𝑐𝑜𝑠(2𝑥^3 + 2𝑥)

• 𝒇(𝒙) = √(𝒔𝒆𝒏𝒙 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙)

𝑓′(𝑥) = 𝑑/𝑑𝑥⁡√(𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥)

𝑓′(𝑥) = 𝑑/𝑑𝑔⁡(𝑓(𝑔)) ∙ 𝑑/𝑑𝑥⁡(𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥)

𝑓′(𝑥) = (1/(2√𝑔))(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 − 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)

𝑓′(𝑥) = (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 − 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)/(2√(𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥))


• 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙^𝟐⁡𝒔𝒆𝒏(𝟑𝒙^𝟐 − 𝒙)
𝑓^′⁡(𝑥) = (𝑥^2⁡𝑠𝑒𝑛(3𝑥^2 − 𝑥))′
𝑓^′⁡(𝑥) = 2𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑛(3𝑥^2 − 𝑥) + 𝑥^2⁡cos⁡(3𝑥^2 − 𝑥)(6𝑥 − 1)

• 𝒆^𝒙𝒚 = (𝒙^𝟐 + 𝒚^𝟐)


(𝑒^𝑥𝑦⁡) = (𝑥^2 + 𝑦^2⁡)^′
𝑒^𝑥𝑦⁡(𝑥)^′⁡(𝑦) + (𝑥)⁡(𝑦)^′ = 2𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑦^′
𝑒^𝑥𝑦⁡𝑦 + 𝑥𝑦^′ = 2𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑦^′
𝑥𝑦^′ − 2𝑦𝑦^′ = 𝑒^𝑥𝑦⁡𝑦 + 2𝑥
𝑦^′⁡(𝑥 − 2𝑦) = 𝑒^𝑥𝑦⁡𝑦 + 2𝑥
𝑦^′ = (𝑒^𝑥𝑦⁡𝑦 + 2𝑥)/(𝑥 − 2𝑦)

• 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙^𝒙
𝑙𝑛𝑦 = 𝐿𝑛(𝑥^𝑥)
(𝐿𝑛𝑦)^′ = (𝑥 ∙ 𝐿𝑛𝑥)
𝑦′/𝑦 = (𝑥)^′(Lnx) +(x) (Lnx)’
𝑦^′/𝑦 = 𝐿𝑛𝑥 = 𝑥/𝑥
𝑦^′ = 𝑦(𝐿𝑛𝑥 + 𝑥/𝑥)
𝑦^′ = 𝑥^𝑥⁡(𝐿𝑛𝑥 + 𝑥/𝑥)

• 𝒇(𝒙) = (𝒙^𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙)^(𝒙^𝟐⁡)


𝐿𝑛𝑦 = 𝐿𝑛[(𝑥^2 + 2𝑥)^(𝑥^2⁡)⁡]
(𝐿𝑛𝑦)^′ = [𝑥^2 ∙ 𝐿𝑛(𝑥^2 + 2𝑥)]′
𝑦′/𝑦 = (𝑥^2⁡)^′ ∙ 𝐿𝑛(𝑥^2 + 2𝑥) + 𝑥^2 ∙ [⁡𝐿𝑛(𝑥^2 + 2𝑥)]′
𝑦^′/𝑦 = 2𝑥 ∙ 𝐿𝑛(𝑥^2 + 2𝑥) + 𝑥^2/(𝑥^2 + 2𝑥)⁡(2𝑥 + 2)
𝑦^′ = 𝑦(2𝑥 ∙ 𝐿𝑛(𝑥^2 + 2𝑥) + 𝑥^2/(𝑥^2 + 2𝑥)⁡(2𝑥 + 2))
𝑦^′ = (𝑥^2 + 2𝑥)^(𝑥^2⁡)⁡(2𝑥𝐿𝑛(𝑥^2 + 2𝑥) + 𝑥^2/(𝑥^2 + 2𝑥)⁡(2𝑥 + 2))
• 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙^(𝟏/𝒙)
𝐿𝑛𝑦 = 𝐿𝑛(𝑥^(1/𝑥)⁡)
(𝐿𝑛𝑦)^′ = (1/𝑥 ∙ 𝐿𝑛𝑥)′
𝑦′/𝑦 = (1/𝑥)^′⁡(𝐿𝑛𝑥) + (1/𝑥)^⁡(𝐿𝑛𝑥)′
𝑦′/𝑦 = −1/𝑥^2⁡⁡𝐿𝑛𝑥 + 1/𝑥
𝑦^′ = 𝑦(−1/𝑥^2⁡ + 1/𝑥)
𝑦^′ = 𝑥^(1/𝑥)⁡(−1/𝑥^2⁡⁡𝐿𝑛 + 1/𝑥)

• 𝒇(𝒙) = (𝒔𝒆𝒏𝒙)^𝒙
𝐿𝑛𝑦 = 𝐿𝑛(𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)^𝑥
(𝐿𝑛𝑦)^′ = [𝑥 ∙ 𝐿𝑛(𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)]′
𝑦′/𝑦 = (𝑥)^′ ∙ 𝐿𝑛(𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥) + 𝑥[𝐿𝑛(𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)]′
𝑦′/𝑦 = ⁡𝐿𝑛(𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥) + 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥/𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥
𝑦^′ = 𝑦[⁡𝐿𝑛(𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥) + 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥]
𝑦^′ = (𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)^𝑥⁡[⁡𝐿𝑛(𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥) + 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥]

• 𝒇(𝒙) = (𝒔𝒆𝒏𝒙)^𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙
𝑓^′⁡(𝑥) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 ∙ (𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)^(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 − 1) ∙ 𝑑/𝑑𝑥⁡𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 + (𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)^𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 ∙ 𝐿𝑛(𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)
∙ 𝑑/𝑑𝑥⁡𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑓^′⁡(𝑥) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 ∙ (𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)^(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 − 1) ∙ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + (𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)^𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 ∙ 𝐿𝑛(𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥) ∙ (−𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)
𝑓^′⁡(𝑥) = 〖𝑐𝑜𝑠〗^2⁡(𝑥) ∙ (𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)^𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 ∙ (𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)^(−1) − (𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)^𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 ∙ 𝐿𝑛(𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)
∙ (−𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)
𝑓^′⁡(𝑥) = (𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)^𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥[〖𝑐𝑜𝑠〗^2⁡𝑥 ∙ (𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)^(−1) − 𝐿𝑛(𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥) ∙ (−𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)]
𝑓^′⁡(𝑥) = (𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)^𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥[(〖𝑐𝑜𝑠〗^2⁡𝑥)/𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 − 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 ∙ 𝐿𝑛(𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)]
𝑓^′⁡(𝑥) = (𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)^𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥⁡[𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥 ∙ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 − 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 − 𝐿𝑛(𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)]
• 𝒇(𝒙) = (𝟏 + 𝒔𝒆𝒏𝒙)^𝒙
𝑦 = ⁡𝑓(𝑥) = (1 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)^𝑥
𝐿𝑛𝑦 = 𝐿𝑛(1 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)^𝑥
𝐿𝑛𝑦 = 𝑥 ∙ ⁡𝐿𝑛(1 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)^𝑥
𝐿𝑛𝑦 = (𝑥)′[𝐿𝑛(1 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)] + (𝑥)[𝐿𝑛(1 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)]′
𝑦′/𝑦 = 1 ∙ ⁡𝐿𝑛(1 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥) + 𝑥 ∙ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥/(1 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)
𝑦^′ = 𝑦⁡𝐿𝑛(1 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥) + 𝑥 ∙ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥/(1 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)
𝑦^′ = (1 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)^𝑥⁡[𝐿𝑛(1 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥) + 𝑥 ∙ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥/(1 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥)]

• 𝒇(𝒙) = (𝒙^𝟐 + 𝒙)^𝒙


𝑦 = ⁡𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥^2 + 𝑥)^𝑥
𝐿𝑛𝑦 = 𝐿𝑛[(𝑥^2 + 𝑥)^𝑥⁡]
𝐿𝑛𝑦 = 𝑥𝐿𝑛(𝑥^2 + 𝑥)^𝑥
𝑑/𝑑𝑥⁡(𝐿𝑛𝑦) = 𝑑/𝑑𝑥⁡[𝑥𝐿𝑛(𝑥^2 + 𝑥)]
𝑦′/𝑦 = 𝐿𝑛(𝑥^2 + 𝑥) + (2𝑥 + 1)/(𝑥 + 1)
𝑦^′ = 𝑦[𝐿𝑛(𝑥^2 + 𝑥) + (2𝑥 + 1)/(𝑥 + 1)]
𝑦^′ = (𝑥^2 + 𝑥)^𝑥⁡(𝐿𝑛(𝑥^2 + 𝑥) + (2𝑥 + 1)/(𝑥 + 1))

• 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙^(𝒙^𝟐⁡)
𝐿𝑛𝑦 = 𝐿𝑛(𝑥^(𝑥^2⁡)⁡)
(𝐿𝑛𝑦)^′ = (𝑥^2 ∙ 𝐿𝑛𝑥)^′
𝑦^′/𝑦 = (𝑥^2⁡)^′⁡𝐿𝑛𝑥 + 𝑥^2⁡(𝐿𝑛𝑥)^′
𝑦^′/𝑦 = 2𝑥𝐿𝑛𝑥 + 𝑥^2/𝑥
𝑦^′ = 𝑦(2𝑥𝐿𝑛𝑥 + 𝑥^2/𝑥)
𝑦^′ = 𝑥^(𝑥^2⁡)⁡(2𝑥𝐿𝑛𝑥 + 𝑥^2/𝑥)

• 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟏/𝟒⁡𝒔𝒆𝒏𝒉𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏/𝟐⁡𝒔𝒆𝒏𝒉𝟒𝒙


𝑓^′⁡(𝑥) = [1/4⁡𝑠𝑒𝑛ℎ2𝑥 + 1/2⁡𝑠𝑒𝑛ℎ4𝑥]′
𝑓^′⁡(𝑥) = 1/4⁡𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ2𝑥 ∙ 2 + 1/2⁡𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ4𝑥 ∙ 4
𝑓^′⁡(𝑥) = 1/4⁡𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ2𝑥 ∙ 2 + 1/2⁡𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ4𝑥 ∙ 4
𝑓^′⁡(𝑥) = 1/2⁡𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ2𝑥 + 2𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ4𝑥

• 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟑/(𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐𝒙 − 𝟏)
𝑓^′⁡(𝑥) = ((𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 − 1)⁡(3)^′ − (3)(𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 − 1)′)/(𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 − 1)^2⁡
𝑓^′⁡(𝑥) = (−(3)(−𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑥)(2))/(𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 − 1)^2⁡
𝑓^′⁡(𝑥) = 6𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑥/(𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 − 1)^2⁡

• 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙^𝟑𝒙
𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥^3𝑥
𝐿𝑛𝑦 = 𝐿𝑛(𝑥^3𝑥⁡)
(𝐿𝑛𝑦)^′ = (3𝑥 ∙ 𝐿𝑛𝑥)^′
𝑦′/𝑦 = (3𝑥)′(𝐿𝑛𝑥) + (3𝑥)(𝐿𝑛𝑥)′
𝑦^′/𝑦 = 3𝐿𝑛𝑥 + 3𝑥/𝑥
𝑦^′ = 𝑦(3𝐿𝑛𝑥 + 3𝑥/𝑥)
𝑦^′ = 𝑥^3𝑥⁡(3𝐿𝑛𝑥 + 3𝑥/𝑥)

• 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒔𝒆𝒏(𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒙)
𝑓^′⁡(𝑥) = (𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥))^′
𝑓^′⁡(𝑥) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥) ∙ 〖𝑠𝑒𝑐〗^2⁡𝑥
• 𝒇(𝒙) = 〖𝒕𝒂𝒏〗^(−𝟏)⁡(𝑳𝒏𝒙)
𝑓^′⁡(𝑥) = [〖𝑡𝑎𝑛〗^(−1)⁡(𝐿𝑛𝑥)]
𝑓^′⁡(𝑥) = 1/(1 + (𝐿𝑛𝑥)^2⁡) ∙ 1/𝑥
𝑓^′⁡(𝑥) = 1/(1 + (𝐿𝑛𝑥)^2⁡𝑥)
𝑓^′⁡(𝑥) = 1/𝑥(〖𝐿𝑛〗^2⁡(𝑥) + 1)⁡

• 𝒇(𝒙) = (𝟏 + 𝒄𝒐𝒕𝒙)/(𝟏 − 𝒄𝒐𝒕𝒙)


𝑓^′⁡(𝑥) = ((−〖𝑐𝑠𝑐〗^2⁡(𝑥))⁡(1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑡(𝑥))^′ − (−〖𝑐𝑠𝑐〗^2⁡(𝑥))′(1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑡(𝑥))^⁡)/(1
− 𝑐𝑜𝑡(𝑥))^2⁡

𝑓^′⁡(𝑥) = (−2〖𝑐𝑠𝑐〗^2⁡(𝑥))/(1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑡(𝑥))^2⁡

PRACTICA 27-05
• 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙 + 𝐥𝐧⁡(𝒙^𝟐 − 𝟏)
Derivamos
𝑓(𝑥)^′ = [𝑥 + ln⁡(𝑥^2 − 1)⁡]′
= 1 + 1/(𝑥^2 − 1) ∙ (𝑥^2 − 1)′
= 1 + 2𝑥/(𝑥^2 − 1)
= (𝑥^2 + 2𝑥 − 1)/(𝑥^2 − 1)

Derivada=0
(𝑥^2 + 2𝑥 − 1)/(𝑥^2 − 1) = 0
𝑥^2 + 2𝑥 − 1 = 0
𝑎 = 1⁡ 𝑏 = 2⁡ 𝑐 = −2

𝑥 = (−𝑏 ± √(𝑏^2 − 4𝑎𝑐))/2𝑎


𝑥 = (−2 ± √(〖(2)〗^2 − 4(1)(−2)))/(2(1))
𝑥 = (−2 ± √8)/2
𝑥 = (−2 ± √(2^2 ∙ 2))/2

2
𝑥_1 = (−2 + √(2^2 ∙ 2))/2
𝑥_1 = (−2 ± 2√2)/2
𝑥_1 = −1 + √2

Puntos críticos [−1 + √2, −1 − √2⁡⁡]

• 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙𝟒 − 𝟖𝒙𝟐 ⁡⁡⁡⁡[𝟏, 𝟓]


𝑓′(𝑥) = 4𝑥 3 − 16𝑥
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 0⁡ → ⁡ 4𝑥 3 − 16𝑥 = 0
⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡4𝑥(𝑥 2 − 4) = 0

Los puntos críticos de 𝑓⁡son: 𝑥 = 0⁡, 𝑥 = 2⁡, 𝑥 = −2

 Para el intervalo [1,5]


El único punto crítico de la función 𝑓 en I es 𝑥 = 2

𝑓(2) = (2)4 − 8(2)2 = −16


𝑓(1) = (1)4 − 8(1)2 = −7
𝑓(5) = (5)4 − 8(5)2 = 425

Por lo tanto, el mínimo absoluto de 𝑓 en [1,5] es -16 y se alcanza en 𝑥 = 2. El máximo absoluto de 𝑓 en [1,5]
es 425 y se alcanza en 𝑥 = 5.

Determine los puntos críticos

• (𝑥) = 𝑥^3 − 3𝑥

𝑓(𝑥) = 〖3𝑥〗^2 − 3
𝑓(𝑥) = 0
〖3𝑥〗^2 − 3 = 0
〖3𝑥〗^2 = 3
𝑥^2 = 3/3
𝑥^2 = 1
√(𝑥^2⁡) = √1
𝑥 = ±1
█(𝑥 = 1, &𝑥 = −1)

█(𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥^3 − 3𝑥⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡&𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥^3 − 3𝑥@𝑓(1)


= (1)^3 − 3(1)⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡&𝑓(−1) = (−1)^3 − 3(−)@𝑓(1)
= 1 − 3⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡&𝑓(−1) = −1 + 3)
█(𝑓(1) = −2⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡&𝑓(−1) = 2)

Puntos críticos de 𝑓 son 𝑥 = −2 y 𝑦 = 2

Determine los extremos absolutos de la siguiente función en los intervalos dados.

• 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟐𝒙𝟑 + 𝟑𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡[−𝟏, 𝟓]

𝑓 ′(𝑥) = 6𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 − 12

𝑓 ′(𝑥) = 0 → ⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡ 6𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 − 12 = 0

6(𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 2) = 0
(𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 1) = 0

𝑥 = −2⁡; ⁡𝑥 = 1

Por lo tanto, los puntos críticos de la función son 𝑥 = −2⁡; ⁡𝑥 = 1


• Para I =[−1,5]
El unico punto de la función f en el I es x=1
𝑓(1) = 2(1)3 + 3(1)2 − 12(1) + 1⁡ = −6

𝑓(−1) = 2(−1)3 + 3(−1)2 − 12(−1) + 1⁡ = 14

𝑓(5) = 2(5)3 + 3(5)2 − 12(5) + 1⁡ = 266

Por lo tanto, el mínimo absoluto de f en el I, es -6 y se alcanza en x=1


El máximo absoluto de f en el I, es 266 y se alcanza en x=5
• 𝑓(𝑥) = ⁡𝟑𝒙^𝟓 − 𝟓𝒙^𝟓⁡⁡⁡⁡
𝑓^′⁡(𝑥) = 15x^4 − 15𝑥^2

𝑓′(𝑥) = 0
15𝑥^4 − 15𝑥^2 = 0
15𝑥^2⁡(𝑥^2 − 1) = 0
15𝑥^2⁡(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 1) = 0
15𝑥^2 = 0⁡⁡ ⁡𝑥 − 1 = 0 𝑥 + 1 = 0
𝑥=1 𝑥 = −1

𝑝𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑠⁡𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑜𝑠:⁡𝑥_1 = 0⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡𝑥_2 = −2⁡⁡〖⁡⁡⁡⁡𝑥〗_3 = 2

𝑓(0) = 3(0)^5 − 5(0)^3


𝑓(0) = 0 − 0
𝑓(0) = 0

𝑓(1) = 3〖(1)〗^5 − 5(1)^5⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡𝑓(−1) = 3〖(−1)〗^5 − 5〖(−1)〗^5


𝑓(1) = 3 − 5⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡𝑓(−1) = 3 + 5⁡
𝑓(1) = −2⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡𝑓(−1) = 2

• 𝒕(𝒙) = 𝒙^𝟑 − 𝟑𝒙^𝟐


𝑡´(𝑥) = 3𝑥 − 6𝑥

3𝑥 − 6𝑥 = 0
3𝑥(𝑥 − 2) = 0
█(𝑥 − 2 = 0&3𝑥 = 0@𝑥 = 2&𝑥 = 0)

Los puntos críticos son x=0, x=2

█(𝑡(0) = 0 − 3(0)@𝑡(0) = 0)⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡█(𝑡(2) = 2^3 − 3 ∙ 2^2@𝑡(2) = −14)


• 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙^𝟒 + 𝟐
𝑓´(𝑥) = 〖4𝑥〗^3
𝑓´(𝑥) = 〖4𝑥〗^3 = 0
𝑥^3 = 0/3 = 0
𝑥=0

𝑓(0) = 〖(0)〗^4 + 2
𝑓(0) = 0 + 2
𝑓(0) = 2
Punto crítico es x1=2

• 𝒇(𝒙) = (𝒙^𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏)/𝒙


𝑓^′⁡(𝑥) = ((𝑥)⁡(𝑥^2 + 2𝑥 + 1)^′ − 〖(𝑥〗^2 + 2𝑥 + 1)(𝑥)′⁡)/〖(𝑥)〗^2⁡
𝑓^′⁡(𝑥) = ((𝑥)(2𝑥 + 2) − (𝑥^2 + 2𝑥 + 1))/𝑥^2⁡
𝑓^′⁡(𝑥) = (2𝑥^2 + 2𝑥 − 𝑥^2 − 2𝑥 − 1)/𝑥^2⁡
𝑓^′⁡(𝑥) = (𝑥^2 − 1)/𝑥^2⁡

𝑓^′⁡(𝑥) = 0⁡ → (𝑥^2 − 1)/𝑥^2⁡ = 0


(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 1) = 0
𝑥 = 1⁡⁡⁡⁡𝑥 = −1

Los puntos críticos son: 𝑥 = −1 y 𝑥 = 1⁡⁡⁡⁡

2
• 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 (𝑥 + 1)⁡⁡⁡⁡[−1,8]
2 2
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = (𝑥 3 )′(𝑥 + 1) + (𝑥 3 )(𝑥 + 1)′
2 1 2
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑥 −3 (𝑥 + 1) + 𝑥 3
3
2(𝑥 + 1) 2
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 1 + 𝑥 3
3𝑥 3
2 1
2(𝑥 + 1) + (𝑥 3 )(3𝑥 3 )
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 1
3𝑥 3

2𝑥 + 2 + 3𝑥
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 1
3𝑥 3
5𝑥 + 2
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 1
3𝑥 3


5𝑥 + 2
• 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟑𝒙 − 𝒙^𝟑⁡⁡
𝑓´(𝑥) = 3 − 𝑥^2⁡⁡
𝑓´(𝑥) = 3𝑥 − 𝑥^2 = 0⁡
3(1 − 𝑥^2) = 0
1 − 𝑥^2 = 0
(1 − 𝑥)(1 + 𝑥) = 0
𝑥 = 1⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡𝑥 = −1

𝑓(1) = 3(1) − (1)^3 = 2


𝑓(−1) = 3(−1) − (−1)^3 = −2
𝑓(−3) = 3(−3) − (−3)^3 = −18
𝑓(3) = 3(3) − (3)^3 = 18
Máximo absoluto: 18 Mínimo absoluto:-18

• 𝑓(𝑥) = 〖2𝑥〗^3 − 〖6𝑥〗^2 − 18𝑥 + 1


𝑓^′⁡(𝑥) = 〖6𝑥〗^2 − 12𝑥 − 18 + 0

Se iguala a cero
〖6𝑥〗^2 − 12𝑥 − 18 = 0
6(𝑥^2 − 2𝑥 − 3) = 0
6(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 3) = 0
𝑥 + 1 = 0⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡𝑥 − 3 = 0
𝑥 = −1⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡𝑥 = 3

• 𝑥 = −1
𝑓(𝑥) = 〖2𝑥〗^3 − 〖6𝑥〗^2 − 18𝑥 + 1
𝑓(−1) = 〖2(−1)〗^3 − 〖6(−1)〗^2 − 18(−1) + 1
𝑓(−1) = −2 − 6 + 18 + 1
𝑓(−1) = 25

• 𝑥=3
𝑓(𝑥) = 〖2𝑥〗^3 − 〖6𝑥〗^2 − 18𝑥 + 1
𝑓(3) = 〖2(3)〗^3 − 〖6(3)〗^2 − 18(3) + 1
𝑓(3) = 54 − 54 − 54 + 1
𝑓(3) = −53

Los puntos críticos de f son 𝑥 = 25 y 𝑥 = −53

• 𝑓(𝑥) = ⁡𝑥^4 − 8𝑥^2 + 3


𝑓^′⁡(𝑥) = 4𝑥^3 − 16𝑥 + 0
4𝑥^3 − 16𝑥 = 0
4𝑥⁡(𝑥^2 − 4) = 0
4𝑥⁡(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 + 2) = 0

4𝑥 = 0 𝑥−2=0 𝑥+2=0
𝑥=0 𝑥=2 𝑥 = −2

𝑓(0) = (0)^4 − 8(0)^2 + 3


𝑓(0) = 0 − 0 + 3
𝑓(0) = 3
𝑓(2) = (2)^4 − 8(2)^2 + 3
𝑓(2) = 16 − 32 + 3
𝑓(2) = −13

𝑓(−2) = (−2)^4 − 8(−2) + 3


𝑓(−2) = 16 − 32 + 3
𝑓(−2) = ⁡ −13

𝐿𝑜𝑠⁡𝑝𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑠⁡𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑜𝑠⁡𝑠𝑜𝑛:⁡
𝑥=3
𝑥 = −13
𝑥 = −13

• 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 − 𝑥^3

𝑓’(𝑥) = 0 𝑓’(𝑥) = 3 − 3𝑥 2 = 0

−3𝑥 2 = −3
−3
𝑥2 = ⁡
−3
𝑥2 = 1

√𝑥 2 = ⁡ √1

𝑥=1
𝑥 = −1⁡⁡,⁡⁡⁡𝑥 = 1
𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 − 𝑥 3 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 − ⁡ 𝑥 2

𝑓(1) = 3(1) − ⁡ (1)3 𝑓(−1) = 3(−1) − ⁡ (−1)3

𝑓(1) = 3 − 1 𝑓(−1) = ⁡ −3 + 1

𝑓(1) = 2 𝑓(−1) = ⁡ −2

Puntos críticos de 𝑓 son 𝑥 = 2⁡⁡𝑦⁡⁡⁡𝑥 =


−2

• 𝑓(𝑥) = ⁡𝑥^3 + 3𝑥^2 − 24𝑥 − 10


𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥^2 + 6𝑥 − 24
3𝑥^2 + 6𝑥 − 24 = 0
3⁡(𝑥^2 + 2𝑥 − 8) = 0
3⁡(𝑥 + 4)(𝑥 − 2)

𝑥+4=0 𝑥−2=0
𝑥 = −4 𝑥=2

• 𝑓(𝑥) = ⁡𝑥^3 − 12𝑥, [0, 4]


𝑓’(𝑥) = 0 → ⁡𝑥^3 − 12𝑥 = 0
𝑓’(𝑥) = 3𝑥^2 − 12 = 0
3(𝑥^2 − 4) = 0
⁡𝑥^2 − 4 = 0
(𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 2)
𝑥 + 2 = 0⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡𝑥 − 2 = 0

𝐿𝑜𝑠⁡𝑝𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑠⁡𝑐𝑟í𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑜𝑠⁡𝑠𝑜𝑛
𝑥 = 0⁡, 𝑥=0
𝑥 = −2⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡𝑥 = 2
Puntos críticos: 𝑥 = −2⁡; 𝑥 = 2

[0,4]
𝑓(2) = ⁡ (2)^3 − 12(2) = −16
𝑓(0) = ⁡ (0)^3 − 12(0) = 0
𝑓(4) = ⁡ (4)^3 − 12(4) = 16

El mínimo absoluto de 𝑓 es −16 y se alcanza en 𝑥 = 2


El máximo absoluto de 𝑓 es 16 y se alcanza en 𝑥 = 4

• 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥^2/(𝑥^2 − 1)
𝑓^′⁡(𝑥) = ((𝑥^2 − 1)(2𝑥) − (𝑥^2)(2𝑥))/〖(𝑥^2 − 1)〗^2⁡
𝑓^′⁡(𝑥) = (2𝑥^3 − 2𝑥 − 2𝑥^3)/〖(𝑥^2 − 1)〗^2⁡
𝑓⁡(𝑥) = (−2𝑥)/〖(𝑥^2 − 1)〗^2⁡

−2𝑥 = 0 𝑥 2 − 1 = (𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 1)
0 𝑥−1 = 0 𝑥+1=0
𝑥=
2 𝑥=1 𝑥 = −1
𝑥=0

𝑓(𝑥) = ⁡⁡〖(0)〗^2/(〖(0)〗^2 − 1)
= 0/(0^2 − 1)
=0

𝑓(𝑥) = ⁡⁡〖(1)〗^2/(〖(1)〗^2 − 1)
= 〖(1)〗^2/(1 − 1)
= 1/0

𝑓(𝑥) = 〖(−1)〗^2/(〖(−1)〗^2 − 1)
= 〖(−1)〗^2/(1 − 1)
= 1/0

𝐸𝑙⁡𝑝𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜⁡𝑐𝑟í𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑜⁡𝑒𝑠⁡0
• 𝑓(𝑥) = ∛(〖3𝑥〗^2 − 1⁡⁡)⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡[1,5]
𝑓^′⁡(𝑥) = 〖(〖3𝑥〗^2 − 1)〗^(1/3)
𝑓^′⁡(𝑥) = 〖1/3⁡(〖3𝑥〗^2 − 1)〗^(−2/3)⁡⁡(6𝑥)
𝑓^′⁡(𝑥) = 6𝑥/〖3⁡(〖3𝑥〗^2 − 1)〗^(2/3)⁡

𝑓^′⁡(𝑥) = 2𝑥/(∛(〖3𝑥〗^2 − 1))^2⁡

Puntos Críticos

𝑓^′⁡(𝑥) = 0□(□(→))⁡⁡2𝑥/(∛(〖3𝑥〗^2 − 1))^2⁡ = 0


⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡2𝑥 = 0
⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡𝑥 = 0

𝑓(1) = (2(1))/(∛(〖3(1)〗^2 − 1))^2⁡ = ∛2

𝑓(5) = (2(5))/(∛(〖3(5)〗^2 − 1))^2⁡ = (5∛2)/37

máximo relativo: ∛2 mínimo relativo: (5∛2)/37

• 𝑓(𝑥) = 〖(𝑥^2 − 4)〗^(1/3)⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡[−3,1]


𝑓^′⁡(𝑥) = 〖(𝑥^2 − 4)〗^(1/3)⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡
𝑓^′⁡(𝑥) = ⁡⁡1/3⁡⁡(𝑥^2 − 4)^(−2/3)⁡⁡(2𝑥)
𝑓^′⁡(𝑥) = ⁡⁡2𝑥/(3(𝑥^2 − 4)^(2/3)⁡)

𝑓^′⁡(𝑥) = ⁡⁡2𝑥/(3(∛((𝑥^2 − 4)⁡))^2⁡)

Puntos críticos

𝑓^′⁡(𝑥) = 0□(□(→))⁡⁡2𝑥/(3(∛((𝑥^2 − 4)⁡))^2⁡) = 0


⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡2𝑥 = 0
⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡𝑥 = 0
𝑓(−3) = (2(−3))/(3(∛((〖 − 3)(〗^2 − 4)⁡))^2⁡) = ⁡ −∛6/3

𝑓(0) = (2(0))/(3(∛((〖0)(〗^2 − 4)⁡))^2⁡) = ⁡𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑑𝑎

𝑓(1) = (2(1))/(3(∛((〖1)(〗^2 − 4)⁡))^2⁡) = ∛2/3⁡⁡

• f(x) = ⁡2⁡x^3 + 3x^2


𝑓´⁡(𝑥) = 6𝑥^2 + 6𝑥
𝑓´⁡(𝑥) = 0⁡ → ⁡6𝑥^2 + 6⁡𝑥 = 0
6𝑥^2 = 6𝑥
𝑥^2 − 𝑥 = 0⁡⁡⁡
𝑥(𝑥 − 1) = 0
𝑥 = 0⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡𝑥 = 1

• 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥^3 − 3𝑥 + 2
𝑓´(𝑥) = 3𝑥^2 − 3 = 0
𝑓´(𝑥) = 𝑥^2 = 3/3
⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡𝑥^2 = 1

⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡√(2&𝑥^2⁡) = 1
⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡𝑥 = ±1
⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡𝑥 = 1⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡, 𝑥 = −1

𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥^3 − 3𝑥 + 2⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥^3 − 3𝑥 + 2⁡⁡


𝑓(1) = 1^3 − 3(1) + 2⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡𝑓(−1) = 〖 − 1〗^3 − 3(−1) + 2⁡⁡
𝑓(1) = 0⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡𝑓(−1) = 4⁡
𝑃𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑠⁡𝑐𝑟í𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑜𝑠⁡𝑑𝑒⁡𝑓⁡𝑠𝑜𝑛⁡𝑥 = 0⁡𝑦⁡𝑥 = 4⁡⁡

PRACTICA 30-05

• 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥^3 − 6𝑥^2 + 11


𝑓′(𝑥) = 3𝑥^2 − 12𝑥
3𝑥(𝑥 − 4) ⁡⁡⁡ → ⁡⁡3𝑥 = 0⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡𝑥 − 4 = 0
𝑥 = 0⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡𝑥 = 4

Los puntos críticos son: x= 0 , x=4


Los intervalos de puntos son: (-∞, 0) , (0, 4) , (4, ∞)

𝑓^′⁡(−1) = 3(−1)^2 − 12(−1) 𝑓^′⁡(3) = 3(3)^2 − 12(3)⁡⁡〖⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡𝑓〗^′⁡(7) =


3(7)^2 − 12(7)
𝑓^′⁡(−1) = 3 + 12⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡𝑓^′⁡(3) = 27 + 36⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡𝑓^′⁡(7) = 147 −
84
𝑓^′⁡(−1) = 15⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡𝑓^′⁡(3) = 63⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡𝑓^′⁡(7) = 62

Intervalo (-∞, 0) (0, 4) (4, ∞)


Valor de Prueba 𝑥 = −1 𝑥=4 𝑥=1
Signo de f’(x) 𝑓^′⁡(−1) = 15 > 0 𝑓^′⁡(4) = 63 > 0 𝑓^′⁡(1) = 62 > 0
Conclusión Creciente Creciente Creciente

• 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥/(𝑥^2 + 4)⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡


⁡⁡⁡𝑓′𝑥 = ((𝑥^2 + 4)(𝑥)^1 − (𝑦)(𝑥^2 + 4)^1)/((𝑥^2 + 4)^2⁡)
𝑓^′⁡𝑥 = (−𝑥^2 + 4)/((𝑥^2 + 4)^2⁡)
𝑓^′⁡𝑥 = 0⁡⁡ → ⁡⁡ (−𝑥^2 + 4)/((𝑥^2 + 4)^2⁡) = 0
−𝑥^2 + 4 = 0
𝑥^2 = (−4) ⁄ (−1)

√(𝑥^2⁡) = ⁡ √4
𝑥 = ±2

Los puntos críticos son: 𝑥 = −2⁡⁡𝑥 = 2

-2 2

𝑓^′⁡(−3) = (−(−3)^2 + 4)/(〖((−3)〗^2 + 4)^2⁡) = ⁡⁡ (−5)/169 < 0⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡𝑓^′⁡(0)


= (−(−0)^2 + 4)/(〖((−0)〗^2 + 4)^2⁡) = ⁡⁡1/4 > 0⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡
𝑓^′⁡(3) = (−(3)^2 + 4)/(〖((3)〗^2 + 4)^2⁡) = ⁡⁡ (−5)/169 < 0⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡
Intervalo (-∞, 2) (-2, 2) (2, ∞)
Valor de Prueba 𝑥 = −3 𝑥=0 𝑥=3
Signo de f’(x) 𝑓^′⁡(−3) = (−5) ⁄ 169 < 0 𝑓^′⁡(0) = 1 ⁄ 4 > 0 𝑓^′⁡(3) = (−5) ⁄ 169
>0
Conclusión Decreciente Creciente Decreciente

• 𝑓(𝑥) = 〖2𝑥〗^4 − 8𝑥 + 3
𝑓^′⁡𝑥 = 〖8𝑥〗^3 − 8 = 0
〖8𝑥〗^3 = 8
∛(𝑥^3⁡) = 8/8
𝑥=1
Los Puntos críticos son: x=0, x=2
Los intervalos de puntos son: (-∞, 1), (1, ∞)
Dado
𝑓^′⁡(0) = 8(0)^3 − 8⁡〖⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡𝑓〗^′⁡(2) = 8(2)^3 − 8⁡que la derivada es negativa para x<1
y positiva para x>1 la función tiene un
𝑓^′⁡(0) = −8 𝑓^′⁡(2) = 56 mínimo relativo en x=1
𝑓(𝑥) = 〖2𝑥〗^4 − 8𝑥 + 3
𝑓(1) = 〖2(1)〗^4 − 8(1) + 3
𝑓(1) = −3
El mínimo relativo de la función es de -3 en x=1

• 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥^2 + 1)/(𝑥^2 − 1)⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡

𝑓^′⁡(𝑥) = (〖(𝑥〗^2 + 1)^′⁡〖(𝑥〗^2 − 1) − 〖(𝑥〗^2 − 1)^′⁡〖(𝑥〗^2


+ 1))/(〖(𝑥〗^2 − 1)^2⁡)
𝑓^′⁡(𝑥) = ((2𝑥)⁡〖(𝑥〗^2 − 1) − (2𝑥)〖(𝑥〗^2 + 1))/(〖(𝑥〗^2 − 1)^2⁡)
𝑓^′⁡(𝑥) = (〖2𝑥〗^3 − 2𝑥 − 〖2𝑥〗^3 − 2𝑥)/(〖(𝑥〗^2 − 1)^2⁡)
𝑓^′⁡(𝑥) = (−4𝑥)/(〖(𝑥〗^2 − 1)^2⁡) = 0
−4𝑥 = 0
𝑥 = 0/(−4)
x=0 x= -1 x=1
Los puntos críticos son: x= 0
Los intervalos de puntos son: (-∞, -1) , (-1, 0) , (0,1) , (1, ∞)

𝑓^′⁡(−2) = (−4(−2))/(((〖 − 2)〗^2 − 1)^2⁡) = 8/9 > 0⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡𝑓^′⁡(−0,5)


= (−4(−0,5))/(((〖 − 0,5)〗^2 − 1)^2⁡) = 32/9 > 0
𝑓^′⁡(0,5) = (−4(0,5))/(((〖0,5)〗^2 − 1)^2⁡) = −32/9 < 0⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡𝑓^′⁡(2)
= (−4(2))/(((〖2)〗^2 − 1)^2⁡) = −8/9 < 0
Intervalos (-∞, -1) -1 (-1, 0) 0 (0,1) 1 (1, ∞)
𝑓 NE -1 -2
𝑓^′ + NE + 0 - 0 -
Conclusión Creciente Creciente Máximo Decreciente Decreciente
relativo

• 𝑓(𝑥) = (4𝑥^2)/(𝑥^2 − 1)⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡

𝑓^′⁡(𝑥) = ((8𝑥)^′⁡〖(𝑥〗^2 − 1) − 〖(4𝑥〗^2)(2𝑥)^′)/(〖(𝑥〗^2 − 1)^2⁡)


𝑓^′⁡(𝑥) = (−8𝑥)/(〖(𝑥〗^2 − 1)^2⁡)
𝑓^′⁡(𝑥) = 0⁡ → (−8𝑥)/(〖(𝑥〗^2 − 1)^2⁡) = 0
−8𝑥 = 0
𝑥=0
Los puntos críticos son: x= 0
Los intervalos de puntos son: (-∞, -1) , (-1, 0) , (0,1) , (1, ∞)

𝑓^′⁡(−2) = (−8(−2))/(〖((−2)〗^2 − 1)^2⁡) = 16/9 > 0⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡𝑓^′⁡(−1 ⁄ 2)


= (−8(−1 ⁄ 2))/(〖((−1 ⁄ 2)〗^2 − 1)^2⁡) = 64/9 > 0⁡⁡⁡
𝑓^′⁡(2) = (−8(2))/(〖((2)〗^2 − 1)^2⁡) = (−16)/9 < 0⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡𝑓^′⁡(1 ⁄ 2)
= (−8(1 ⁄ 2))/(〖((1 ⁄ 2)〗^2 − 1)^2⁡) = (−64)/9 < 0⁡⁡⁡
Intervalos (-∞, -1) (-1, 0) (0,1) (1, ∞)
𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑠⁡𝑑𝑒⁡𝑝𝑟𝑢𝑒𝑏𝑎⁡ -2 (−1) ⁄ 2 1⁄2 2

𝑓^′ + + - -
Conclusión Creciente Creciente Decreciente Decreciente

• 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥^4 − 12𝑥^2 + 36


𝑓′(𝑥) = 4𝑥^2 − 24𝑥
0 = 4𝑥^2 − 24𝑥

0 = 4𝑥(𝑥^2 − 6)
4𝑥 = 0⁡ → 𝑥 = 0 𝑥^2 − 6 = 0

√(2&𝑥^2⁡) = √(2&6) → 𝑥 ± √(2&6)


x= 2,45 x= -2,45
𝑓^′⁡(−3) = 4(−3)^2 − 24(−3) = ⁡ −36 < 0⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡𝑓^′⁡(−1) = 4(−1)^2 − 24(−1) = ⁡20 > 0⁡
⁡⁡𝑓^′⁡(1) = 4(1)^2 − 24(1) = ⁡ −20 < 0

Intervalo (-∞, 2,45) (-2,45 , 0) (0, 2,45) (2,45 , ∞)


Valor de Prueba 𝑥 = −3 𝑥 = −1 𝑥=1 𝑥=3
Signo de f’(x) 𝑓^′⁡(−3) = 36 < 0 𝑓^′⁡(−1) = 20 𝑓^′⁡(1) = −20 < 0 𝑓^′⁡(3) = 36 > 0
>0
Conclusión Decreciente Creciente Decreciente Creciente
• 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥^4 − 6𝑥^2 + 4
𝑓′(𝑥) = (𝑥^4 − 6𝑥^2 + 4)^′ = 0 0
−√3 √3
4𝑥^3 − 12𝑥 = 0

4𝑥(𝑥^2 − 3) = 0

𝑥 = 0⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡𝑥 = ±√3⁡⁡ ≈ ±1,73

Los puntos críticos son: x= 0 , x= ±√3

Los intervalos de puntos son: (-∞, −√3) , (−√3, 0) , (0, √3) , (√3, ∞)
𝑓^′⁡(−2) = 4〖(−2)〗^3 − 12(−2) = −8⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡𝑓^′⁡(−1) = 4〖(−1)〗^3 − 12(−1)
= 8⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡

𝑓^′⁡(1) = 4〖(1)〗^3 − 12(1) = −8⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡𝑓^′⁡(5) = 4〖(5)〗^3 − 12(5)


= 440⁡⁡

Intervalo (-∞, −√3) (−√3, 0) (0, √3) (√3, ∞)


Valor de Prueba 𝑥 = −4 𝑥 = −1 𝑥=1 𝑥=5
Signo de f’(x) 𝑓^′⁡(−4) = −8 < 0 𝑓^′⁡(−1) = 8 𝑓^′⁡(1) = −8 < 0 𝑓^′⁡(5) = 440 > 0
>0
Conclusión Decreciente Creciente Decreciente Creciente

• 𝑓(𝑥) = 1 − (𝑥 − 2)^□(2/3)
𝑓^′⁡(𝑥) = −2/3 − (𝑥 − 2)^□(−1/3)

𝑓^′⁡(𝑥) = 0⁡ → (−2)/(3(𝑥 − 2)^□(−1/3)⁡) ≠ 0


Sin embargo:
3(𝑥 − 2)^□(−1/3) = 0 Cuando x=2, 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) no
existe
𝑥^(1/3) − 2^(1/3) = 0⁡⁡ → 𝑥 = 2
Los puntos críticos son: x= 2
Los intervalos de puntos son: (-∞, 2) , (2, ∞)
𝑓^′⁡(1) = (−2)/(3(1 − 2)^□(−1/3)⁡) = ⁡⁡2/3⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡𝑓^′⁡(3)
= (−2)/(3(3 − 2)^□(−1/3)⁡) = −⁡⁡2/3

Intervalo (-∞, 2) (2, ∞)


Valor de Prueba 𝑥=1 𝑥=3
Signo de f’(x) + -
Conclusión Decreciente Creciente

• 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥^3 − 3𝑥^2 + 3𝑥 + 1 Dominio → Todos los números reales


𝑓^(′⁡)⁡(𝑥) = 3𝑥^2 − 6𝑥 + 3
𝑓^′⁡(𝑥) = 0⁡ → 3𝑥^2 − 6𝑥 + 3 = 0
⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡𝑥^2 − 2𝑥 + 1
⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡(𝑥 − 1)^2 = 0⁡ → 𝑥 = 1

Los puntos críticos son: x= 1


Los intervalos de puntos son: (-∞, -1) , (1, ∞)
𝑓^′⁡(0) = 3(0)^2 − 6(0) + 3 = 3⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡𝑓^′⁡(3) = 3(3)^2 − 6(3) + 3
= 12

Intervalo (-∞, 2) 1 (2, ∞) No existe máxima o mínimo


Valor de Prueba 0 2 3 relativo ya que en ambos
Signo de f’(x) + 0 + intervalos es creciente
Conclusión Creciente Creciente

• 𝑓(𝑥) = 2 + 2𝑥^2 − 2𝑥^3


𝑓^(′⁡)⁡(𝑥) = 4𝑥 − 6𝑥^2
𝑓^′⁡(𝑥) = 2𝑥(2 − 3𝑥) = 0⁡⁡⁡ → 2𝑥 = 0⁡ → 𝑥 = 0⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡2 − 3𝑥 = 0⁡ → (𝑥 = 2) ⁄ 3⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡

Los puntos críticos son: x= 0 x=2 ⁄ 3


Los intervalos de puntos son: (-∞, 0) , (0, 2 ⁄ 3) , (2 ⁄ 3, ∞)
𝑓^(′⁡)⁡(−1) = 4(−1) − 6(−1)^2 = ⁡ −10⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡𝑓^(′⁡)⁡(1/2)
= 4(1/2) − 6(1/2)^2 = ⁡⁡1/2⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡
𝑓^(′⁡)⁡(4) = 4(4) − 6(4)^2 = ⁡ −80⁡⁡

Intervalo (-∞, 0) (0, 2 ⁄ 3) (2 ⁄ 3, ∞)


Valor de Prueba 𝑥 = −1 𝑥 = 1/2 𝑥=4

Signo de f’(x) 𝑓^′⁡(−1) = −10 < 0 𝑓^′⁡(1 ⁄ 2) = 1 ⁄ 2 > 0 𝑓^′⁡(4) = −80 < 0
Conclusión Decreciente Creciente Decreciente

• 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥^4 − 2𝑥^3


❖ Dominio: La función f es despreciable en todos los números reales ℜ
❖ Derivar: 𝑓^′⁡(𝑥) = (𝑥^4⁡)^′ − (2𝑥^3)′⁡
𝑓^(′⁡)⁡(𝑥) = 4𝑥^3 − 6𝑥^2
❖ Derivar 𝑓^(′⁡′)⁡(𝑥) = (4𝑥^3)′ − (6𝑥^2)′
𝑓^(′′⁡)⁡(𝑥) = 12𝑥^2 − 12𝑥
❖ Puntos críticos que anulan la 𝑓^(′′⁡)⁡(𝑥) = 0
𝑓^(′′⁡)⁡(𝑥) = 0⁡ → ⁡12𝑥^2 − 12𝑥 = 0
⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡12𝑥(𝑥 − 1) = 0
12𝑥 = 0⁡ → 𝑥 = 0⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡𝑥 − 1 = 0⁡ → 𝑥 = 1
❖ Recta, intervalos de pruebas y números
-1 1/2 2

0 1

(-∞, 0) , (0,1) , (1, ∞)


❖ Números de pruebas en 𝑓^(′′⁡)⁡(𝑥) = 12𝑥^2 − 12𝑥
𝑓^(′′⁡)⁡(−1) = 12〖(−1)〗^2 − 12(−1) = 24 > 0⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡ ∪ ⁡⁡𝑐ó𝑛𝑐𝑎𝑣𝑎⁡𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑎
𝑓^(′′⁡)⁡(1 ⁄ 2) = 12〖(1 ⁄ 2)〗^2 − 12(1 ⁄ 2) = −3 < 0⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡ ∩ ⁡⁡𝑐ó𝑛𝑐𝑎𝑣𝑎⁡𝑎𝑏𝑎𝑗𝑜
𝑓^(′′⁡)⁡(2) = 12〖(2)〗^2 − 12(2) = 24 < 0⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡

➢ Cóncava hacia arriba decreciente


➢ Cóncava hacia abajo decreciente Conclusiones
➢ Cóncava hacia arriba creciente

❖ Evaluar f(x), los puntos críticos 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥^4 − 2𝑥^3


𝑓(0) = 0^4 − 2(0)^3 = 0 Y
𝑓(1) = 1^4 − 2(1)^3 = −1
❖ Puntos de inflexion
(0,0), (1,-1)
❖ Intervalos de concavidad
(-∞,0) , (0,1) , (1,∞)
❖ Tabla de Resumen
Intervalo (-∞, 0) 0 (0,1) 1 (1,∞)
Valor de 𝑥 = −1 0 𝑥 = 1/2 -1 𝑥=2
Prueba
Signo de f’(x) - 0 -
Signo de f’’(x) + 0 - 0 +
Conclusión Decreciente, Punto de Decreciente, Creciente,
cóncava arriba inflexión cóncava abajo cóncava arriba

❖ Número de prueba 𝑓^(′⁡)⁡(𝑥) = 4𝑥^3 − 6𝑥^2


𝑓^(′⁡)⁡(−1) = 4〖(−1)〗^3 − 6(−1)^2 = −10 < 0
𝑓^(′⁡)⁡(1/2) = 4〖(1/2)〗^3 − 6(1/2)^2 = −1 < 0
𝑓^(′⁡)⁡(2) = 4〖(2)〗^3 − 6(2)^2 = 8 > 0

❖ Evaluación para 𝑓^(′⁡)′(𝑥) para puntos críticos


𝑓^(′′⁡)⁡(0) = 12〖(0)〗^2 − 12(0) = 0
𝑓^(′′⁡)⁡(1) = 12〖(1)〗^2 − 12(1) = 0

❖ Evaluación para 𝑓^(′⁡)⁡(𝑥) para puntos críticos


𝑓^(′⁡)⁡(0) = 4〖(0)〗^3 − 6(0)^2 = 0
• 𝑓(𝑥) = 〖2𝑥〗^3 − 〖6𝑥〗^2⁡⁡
𝑓′(𝑥) = 〖6𝑥〗^2 − 12𝑥

𝑓(𝑥) = 0 → 〖6𝑥〗^2 − 12𝑥 = 0


⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡6𝑥(𝑥 − 2) = 0
⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡(𝑥 − 2) = 0
⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡𝑥 = 0⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡, 𝑥=2

Los puntos críticos de la función son:⁡⁡𝑥 = 0⁡, 𝑥 = 2


(−∞⁡,0)(0,2)(2, +∞)

𝑓(−1) = 〖6(−1)〗^2 − 12(−1) = 18 > 0


𝑓(1) = 〖6(1)〗^2 − 12(1) = −6 < 0
𝑓(3) = 〖6(3)〗^2 − 12(3) = 18 > 0
(−∞⁡,0) (0,2) (2, +∞)
𝑓 −1 1 3
𝑓′ + − +
Conclusión Creciente Decreciente Creciente
• f(x) = x/(x^2 + 1)

f′(x) = ((x)′(x^2 + 1) − (x)(x^2 + 1)′)/(x^2 + 1)^2⁡


f′(x) = ((1)(x^2 + 1) − (x)(2x))/(x^2 + 1)^2⁡
𝑓′(𝑥) = (−𝑥^2 + 1)/(𝑥^2 + 1)^2⁡

𝑓(𝑥) = 0 → (−𝑥^2 + 1)/(𝑥^2 + 1)^2⁡ = 0


⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡−𝑥^2 + 1 = 0
⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡𝑥^2 = 1
⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡𝑥 = ±1
⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡𝑥 = −1, 𝑥 = 1
Los puntos críticos de la función son:⁡⁡𝑥 = −1, 𝑥 = 1
(−∞⁡, −1)(−1,1)(1, +∞)

𝑓(−2) = (−(−2)^2 + 1)/((−2)^2 + 1)^2⁡ = ⁡ −3/25 < 0


𝑓(0) = (−(0)^2 + 1)/((0)^2 + 1)^2⁡ = ⁡1 > 0
𝑓(2) = (−(2)^2 + 1)/((2)^2 + 1)^2⁡ = ⁡ −3/25 < 0
(−∞⁡, −1) (−1,1) (1, +∞)
𝑓 −2 0 2
𝑓′ − + −
Conclusión Decreciente Creciente Decreciente

• 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥^2 − 1)^(2/3)


𝐷𝑜𝑚:⁡ℝ − {−├⁡1,1}┤
𝑓′(𝑥) = (𝑥^2 − 1)^(2/3)
𝑓′(𝑥) = 2/3⁡(𝑥^2 − 1)^(−1/3)⁡⁡(2𝑥)
𝑓^′⁡(𝑥) = ⁡⁡4𝑥/(3(𝑥^2 − 1)^(1/3)⁡)
𝑓^′⁡(𝑥) = ⁡⁡4𝑥/(3∛(𝑥^2 − 1))

𝑓(𝑥) = 0 → 4𝑥/(3∛(𝑥^2 − 1)) = 0


⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡4𝑥 = 0
⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡𝑥 = 0
El punto crítico de la función es:⁡⁡𝑥 = 0
(−∞⁡, −1)(−1,0)(0,1)(1, +∞)
𝑓(−2) = 4(−2)/(3∛((−2)^2 − 1)) = −(8∛9)/9 < 0
𝑓(−0.5) = 4(−0.5)/(3∛((−0.5)^2 − 1)) = (2∛(36⁡))/9 > 0
𝑓(0.5) = 4(0.5)/(3∛((0.5)^2 − 1)) = −(2∛(36⁡))/9 < 0
𝑓(2) = 4(2)/(3∛((2)^2 − 1)) = (8∛(9⁡))/9 > 0

(−∞⁡, −1) (−1,0) (0⁡,1) (1⁡, ∞)


𝑓 −2 −0.5 0.5 2
𝑓′ − + − +
Decreciente Creciente Decreciente Creciente

• 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥^3 + 𝑥^2 − 5𝑥 − 5


𝐷𝑜𝑚:⁡ℝ
𝑓′(𝑥) = 3𝑥^2 + 2𝑥 − 5

𝑓(𝑥) = 0 → 3𝑥^2 + 2𝑥 − 5 = 0
⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡3𝑥^2 + 5𝑥 − 3𝑥 − 5 = 0
⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡𝑥(3𝑥 + 5) − (3𝑥 + 5) = 0
⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡(3𝑥 + 5)(𝑥 − 1) = 0
⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡𝑥 = −5/3⁡⁡, 𝑥 = 1
Los puntos críticos de la función son: ⁡𝑥 = −5/3⁡⁡, 𝑥 = 1
(−∞⁡, −5/3)(−5/3,1)(1, ∞)

𝑓(−2) = 3(−2)^2 + 2(−2) − 5 = ⁡3 > 0


𝑓(0) = 3(0)^2 + 2(0) − 5 = ⁡ −5 < 0
𝑓(2) = 3(2)^2 + 2(2) − 5 = ⁡11 > 0
(−∞⁡, −5/3) (−5/3,1) (1, +∞)
𝑓 −2 0 2
𝑓′ + − +
Conclusión Creciente Decreciente Creciente

• 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥^3 − 6𝑥^2 + 11


𝐷𝑜𝑚:⁡ℝ
𝑓′(𝑥) = 3𝑥^2 + 12𝑥

𝑓(𝑥) = 0 → 3𝑥^2 + 12𝑥 = 0


⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡3𝑥(𝑥 + 4) ⁡⁡ = 0
⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡(𝑥 + 4) ⁡⁡ = 0⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡
⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡𝑥 = 0⁡⁡⁡,⁡⁡⁡𝑥 = −4
Los puntos críticos de la función son: ⁡𝑥 = −4⁡⁡⁡,⁡⁡⁡𝑥 = 0⁡
(−∞⁡, −4)(−4,0)(0, +∞)
𝑓(−5) = 3(−5)^2 + 12(−5) = 15 > 0
𝑓(−3) = 3(−3)^2 + 12(−3) = −9 < 0
𝑓(1) = 3(1)^2 + 12(1) = 15 > 0
(−∞⁡, −4) (−4,0) (0, +∞)
𝑓 −5 −3 1
𝑓′ + − +
Conclusión Creciente Decreciente Creciente
PRACTICA 08-06
De un tronco redondo de diámetro d se corta una viga de sección transversal rectangular.
Considere que la resistencia de la viga es proporcional a AH2 , donde a es la base y h la altura del
rectangular. Determine las dimensiones de la sección transversal de la viga que tendría resistencia
máxima.

𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑚𝑠𝑜⁡𝑞𝑢𝑒: además

𝑅 = 𝑎ℎ2 ⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡ℎ2 = ℎ2 − 𝑎2 ⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡

h
d ⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡𝑅(𝑎) = 𝑎(𝑑2 − 𝑎2 )

𝑅(𝑎) = 𝑑2 𝑎 − 𝑎3

𝑅´(𝑎) = 𝑑2 − 3𝑎2 ⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡𝑅´´(𝑎) = −6𝑎⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡

𝑑 𝑑
𝑅(𝑎) = 0 → 𝑑2 − 3𝑎2 = 0⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡𝑅´´ ( ) = −6 ( )
√3 √3

𝑑 −6𝑑
−3𝑎2 = 𝑑2 ⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡𝑅´´ ( )= <0
√3 √3

𝑑2
𝑎2 = − ⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡𝑝𝑜𝑟⁡𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜⁡𝑑𝑒⁡𝑠𝑒𝑔𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑎⁡𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑑𝑎⁡𝑒𝑛⁡
3

𝑑2
𝑎 = ±√ ⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡𝑎
3
𝑑
= , 𝑅(𝑎)⁡𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑧𝑎⁡𝑢𝑛⁡𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑜⁡𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑜
√3

𝑑
𝑎=
√3

𝑑𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑟⁡𝑑𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠

2
𝑑 𝑑 3𝑑2 − 𝑑2 𝑑√2
⁡𝑎 = ⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡ℎ2 = 𝑑2 − ( ) ⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡ℎ2 = ⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡ℎ = ⁡
√3 √3 3 √3
𝑑 2𝑑2
⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡ℎ2 = 𝑑2 − ⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡ℎ2 = ⁡
√3 3

⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡

Problema #9 halle el punto M sobre la grafica de la parábola Y=x2 mas próxima al punto (2,1/2)

1 2
𝑑 = √(𝑥 − 2)2 + (𝑦 − )
2

1 2
𝑑 = √(𝑥 − 2)2 + (𝑥 − )
2

1
𝑑 = √𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 4 + 𝑥 4 − 𝑥 2 +
4

1
𝑑 = √−4𝑥 + 4 + 𝑥 4 +
4

𝑛
17 ⁡𝑛 𝑎 √𝑎
𝑑 = √𝑥 4 − 4𝑥 + → √ = ⁡⁡ 𝑛
4 𝑏 √𝑏

4𝑥 4 − 16𝑥 + 17 163 − 16
𝑑=√ ⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡𝑏𝑢𝑠𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠⁡𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑑𝑎: ; 𝑙𝑎⁡𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠⁡𝑎⁡0
2 2

163 − 16
=0
2

2(83 − 8)
=0
2

83 − 8 = 0
El x=1 sería el único punto crítico para la
8 =83 función, debemos evaluar si es un mínimo o
máximo.
8
𝑥3 = Tomamos un valor menor y mayo seria -1 y 2
8

𝑥3 = 1
3 3
√𝑥 = √1

𝑥=1
𝑥 = −1⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡𝑥 = 2

163 − 16 16(−1)3 − 16 16 − 16 −32


𝑑´(−1) = ⁡ = = = = −16
2 2 2 2

163 − 16 16(2)3 − 16 128 − 16 112


𝑑´(2) = ⁡ = = = = 56
2 2 2 2

𝑑´(−1) = −16 < 0⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡𝑑´(2) = 56 > 0

Decreciente creciente

-1 1 2
Dos puntos críticos son: x=1, y=1

𝑥 =→ 𝑦 = 𝑥 2

𝑦 = (1)2 R// el punto de la parábola mas


cercana al dado seria (1,1)
𝑦=1
PRACTICA 15-06
• ∫(𝟑𝒙 − 𝟐)𝟐 𝒅𝒙 = ∫(9𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 + 4)𝑑𝑥

= 9 ∫ 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 − 12 ∫ 𝑥𝑑𝑥 + 4 ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥3 𝑥2
= 9 ( ) − 12 ( ) + 4𝑥 + 𝐶
3 2
3 2
= 3𝑥 − 6𝑥 + 4𝑥 + 𝐶

√𝒙−𝟐 1 2
• ∫ 𝒅𝒙 =∫ − 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝒙 √𝑥

1 2
=∫ 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑑𝑥
√𝑥 𝑥
= 2√𝑥 − 2 ln|𝑥|
= 2√𝑥 − 2 ln|𝑥| + 𝐶

• ∫(𝒆𝟐𝒙 − 𝒆𝟑𝒙 )𝟐 𝒅𝒙 = ∫(𝒆𝟒𝒙 − 𝟐𝒆𝟓𝒙 + 𝒆𝟔𝒙 )𝑑𝑥


= ∫ 𝑒 4𝑥 − 2 ∫ 𝑒 5𝑥 + ∫ 𝑒 6𝑥 𝑑𝑥
1 4𝑥 2 5𝑥 1 6𝑥
= 𝑒 − 𝑒 + 𝑒 +𝐶
4 5 6
𝒙𝟐 −𝟐𝒙+𝟏 4
• ∫ 𝒅𝒙 = ⁡ ∫ 𝑥 − 3 + 𝑥+1 𝑑𝑥
𝒙+𝟏
4
= ∫ 𝑥𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 3𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥+1
𝑥𝟐
= − 3 + 4 ln|𝑥 + 1|
2
𝑥𝟐
= − 3 + 4 ln|𝑥 + 1| + 𝐶
2

𝒅𝒙 𝑑𝑥
• ∫ 𝟑 = ⁡ ∫ ( 1)
√𝒙 𝑥3
1

= ∫𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥

1
= 𝑥 −3+1 + 𝐶
2
𝑥3
=( )+𝐶
2
3
2 3
= 𝑥3 ∗ + 𝐶
2
3 2
= 𝑥3 + 𝐶
2
33
= √𝑥 2 + 𝐶
2

1
𝑥(𝑥 2 )
𝟑 𝒙√ 𝒙 3
• ∫ (√ 𝒙 − ) 𝒅𝒙 = ∫ 1 𝑑𝑥 − ∫
𝟒 4
𝑥2
3 5
𝑥2 1 𝑥2
= 3( )− ( )+𝐶
3 4 5
2 2
3 2 1 5 2
= 3𝑥 2 ∗ − 𝑥 2 ∗ + 𝐶
3 4 5
5
3 𝑥2
= 2𝑥 2 −
10
• ∫ 𝒆𝟑𝒙−𝟓 𝒅𝒙

𝑢 = 3𝑥 − 5 𝑑𝑢 = 3𝑑𝑥

1
∫ 𝒆𝟑𝒙−𝟓 𝒅𝒙 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑢 ( 𝑑𝑢)
3
1
= ∫ 𝑒 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
3
1
= 𝑒𝑢 + 𝐶
3
1
= 𝑒 3𝑥−5 + 𝐶
3

𝒅𝒙
• ∫ 𝟐−𝒙

𝑢 =2−𝑥 𝑑𝑢 = −𝑑𝑥

𝒅𝒙 1 𝑑𝑢
∫ =∫ ( )
𝟐−𝒙 𝑢 −1
1
= − ∫ 𝑑𝑢
𝑢
= − ln|𝑢| + 𝐶
= − ln|2 − 𝑥| + 𝐶

𝒙𝟑
• ∫ 𝟏+𝒙𝟒 𝒅𝒙

𝑢 = 1 + 𝑥4 𝑑𝑢 = 4𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢
= 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥
4
𝒙𝟑 1 𝑑𝑢
∫ 𝟒
𝒅𝒙 = ∫ ( )
𝟏+𝒙 𝑢 4
1 𝑑𝑢
= ∫
4 𝑢
1
= ∗ ⁡ ln|𝑢| + 𝐶
4
1
= ∗ ⁡ ln|1 + 𝑥 4 ⁡| + 𝐶
4
• ∫ 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝟐 𝒙 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝟐 𝒙 𝒅𝒙
𝑢 = tan 𝑥 𝑑𝑢 = sec 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
∫ 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝟐 𝒙 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝟐 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = ∫ 𝑢2 𝑑𝑢
𝑢𝟑
= +𝐶
3
tan3 𝑥
= +𝐶
3

𝒅𝒙 𝑑𝑥
• ∫√ =∫
𝟕+𝟖𝒙𝟐 7
√8( +𝒙𝟐 )
8
𝑑𝑥
=∫
7
√8√8 + 𝒙𝟐
1 𝑑𝑥
= ∫
√8
√7 + 𝒙𝟐
8
𝟐
√2 7
= ln ||𝑥 + √𝒙𝟐 + (√ ) ||
4 8

√2 √16𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏𝟒
= ln |𝑥 + |+𝐶
4 4

• ∫ √𝟏 + 𝒙𝟒 𝒙𝟑 𝒅𝒙

𝑢 = 1 + 𝑥4 𝑑𝑢 = 4𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥

1
∫ √𝟏 + 𝒙𝟒 𝒙𝟑 𝒅𝒙 = ∫ √1 + 𝑥 4 (4𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥)
4
1
= ∫ √𝑢 (𝑑𝑢)
4
1 1
= ∫ 𝑢2 (𝑑𝑢)
4
3
1 𝑢2
= ( )+𝐶
4 3
2
1 3 2
= 𝑢2 ∗ + 𝐶
4 3
1 3
= 𝑢2 + 𝐶
6
1 3
= 1 + 𝑥42 + 𝐶
6

𝒆𝒙 −𝟏
• ∫ 𝒆𝒙 +𝟏 𝒅𝒙

𝒆𝒙 − 𝟏 𝑒𝑥 1
∫ 𝒙
𝒅𝒙 = ∫ 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝒆 +𝟏 𝑒 +1 𝑒 +1
𝑒𝑥 𝑒 −𝑥
=∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ −𝑥 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑒 +1 𝑒 (𝑒 + 1)
𝑒𝑥 𝑒 −𝑥
=∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑒 +1 1 + 𝑒 −𝑥

Para la primera derivada. Para la segunda derivada

𝑢 = 𝑒𝑥 + 1 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑚 = 1 + 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑑𝑚 = −𝑒 −𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑒𝑥 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑢 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑒 −𝑥 −𝑑𝑚
∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ ( ) ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ ( )
𝑒𝑥 + 1 𝑢 𝑒𝑥 1 + 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑚 𝑒 −𝑥
1
= ∫ 𝑑𝑢 1
𝑢 = −∫ 𝑑𝑚
= ln|𝑢| + 𝐶 𝑚
= −ln|𝑚| + 𝐶
= ln|𝑒 𝑥 + 1| + 𝐶
= −ln|1 + 𝑒 −𝑥 | + 𝐶

Entonces:

𝒆𝒙 − 𝟏
∫ 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = ln|𝑒 𝑥 + 1| + ln|1 + 𝑒 −𝑥 | + 𝐶
𝒆 +𝟏
= ln|𝑒 𝑥 + 1| + ln|𝑒 −𝑥 (𝑒 𝑥 + 1)| + 𝐶
= 2ln|𝑒 𝑥 + 1| − x +𝐶
𝒙𝟐 +𝟏
• ∫ 𝒅𝒙
𝒙−𝟏

𝑢 =𝑥−1 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥

𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏 (𝑢 + 1)2 + 1
∫ 𝒅𝒙 = ∫ 𝑑𝑢
𝒙−𝟏 𝑢
𝑢2 + 2𝑢 + 2
=∫ 𝑑𝑢
𝑢
2
= ∫ 𝑢 + 2 + 𝑑𝑢
𝑢
2
= ∫ 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 + 2 ∫ 𝑑𝑢 + 2 ∫ 𝑑𝑢
𝑢
2
𝑢
= + 2𝑢 + 2 ln|𝑢| + 𝐶
2
(𝑥 − 1)2
= + 2(𝑥 − 1) + 2 ln|𝑥 − 1| + 𝐶
2

𝒙+𝟐 1
• ∫ 𝒙+𝟏 𝒅𝒙 = ∫ (1 + 𝑥+1) 𝑑𝑥
1
= ∫ 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥+1

𝑢 =𝑥+1 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥

𝒙+𝟐 1
∫ 𝒅𝒙 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑑𝑢
𝒙+𝟏 𝑢
= 𝑥 + ln|𝑢| + 𝐶
= 𝑥 + ln|𝑥 + 1⁡| + 𝐶
PRACTICA 22-06

8 𝑑𝑥
• ∫0 ⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡
√𝑥+1

𝑢 =𝑥+1
𝑑𝑢 = 1𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥
=∫
√𝑥 + 1
𝑑𝑢
=∫
√𝑢
𝑑𝑢
=∫ 1⁄
𝑢 2

−1⁄
= ∫𝑢 2 . 𝑑𝑢

−1 1
𝑢 ⁄2+1 𝑢 ⁄2 1
= = = 2𝑢 ⁄2
−1 1⁄
2 +1 2
1⁄
= 2(𝑥 + 1) 2

= 2√𝑥 + 1
8
= 2√𝑥 + 1 |
0
= 2√8 + 1 − 2√0 + 1

= 2√9 − 2√1
= 2.3 − 2.1
=6−2=4
3 𝑥𝑑𝑥
• ∫2 √𝑥 2 +1

𝑢 = 𝑥2 − 1
𝑑𝑢 = 2𝑥𝑑𝑥
1
𝑑𝑢 = 𝑥𝑑𝑥
2
3
1 1
=∫ . 𝑑𝑢
2 √𝑢 2
1 3 1
= ∫ . 𝑑𝑢
2 2 √𝑢

1 3 1
= ∫ . 𝑑𝑢
2 2 12
𝑢
1 3 −1
= ∫ 𝑢 2 𝑑𝑢
2 2
1
1 𝑢2 3
= ( )|
2 1 2
2
1
=(𝑢2 ) |32

3
= √𝑢 |
2
3
= √𝑥 2 − 1 |
2
= √(3)2 − 1 − √(2)2 − 1

= √8 − √3

= 2√2 − √3
4
• ∫0 𝑥√𝑥 2 + 9 𝑑𝑥

Cambio de variable:

𝑢 = 𝑥 2 + 9⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡𝑑𝑢 = 2𝑥𝑑𝑥
4
4
𝑑𝑢
∫ 𝑥√𝑥 2 + 9 𝑑𝑥 = ⁡ ∫ √𝑢
0 2
0
4
1
⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡= ∫ √𝑢 . 𝑑𝑢
2
0
4
1 1
⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡= ∫ 𝑢2 . 𝑑𝑢
2
0
3
1 𝑢2 4
⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡= ( )⁡|
2 3 0
2
1 3 4
⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡= 𝑢2 ⁡|
3 0
3
(𝑥 2 + 9)2 4
⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡= ⁡|
3 0

√(𝑥 2 + 9)3 4
⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡= ⁡|
3 0

√[(4)2 + 9]3 √[(0)2 + 9]3


⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡= −
3 3
125 27
⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡= −
3 3
125
⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡= −9
3
98
⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡=
3
4 𝑑𝑥
• ∫1
√𝑥(√𝑥+1)2

3 2(𝑢−1)
= ∫2 𝑢−1(𝑢)2
𝑑𝑢
Cambio de variable:
3
𝑑𝑢
= 2∫
𝑢2 𝑢 = √𝑥 + 1
2
𝑢 − 1 = √𝑥
3
= 2 ∫ 𝑢−2 . 𝑑𝑢 ⁡| (𝑥)′
2 𝑑𝑢 = +0
2√𝑥
𝑢−1 3 𝑑𝑥
= 2( )⁡| ⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡=
−1 2 2√𝑥
2√𝑥𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥
3 2(𝑢 − 1)𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥
= 2(−𝑢−1 )⁡|
2
1 3
= 2 (− )⁡|
𝑢 2

1 1
= 2 [(− ) − (− )]
3 2

1 1
= 2 [− + ]
3 2

−2 + 3
= 2[ ]
6

1
= 2[ ]
6

1
=
3
𝜋
• ∫0 tan(𝑥)2 ⁡𝑑𝑥
4

∫ tan(𝑥)2 ⁡𝑑𝑥

∫ sec(𝑥)2 − 1⁡𝑑𝑥

∫ sec(𝑥)2 𝑑𝑥⁡ − ∫ 1 𝑑𝑥

𝜋
4
(tan(𝑥) − 𝑥)

0
𝜋 𝜋
tan⁡( ) − ⁡ − (tan(0) − 0)
4 4

𝜋
=1−
4
𝑒2 𝑑𝑥
• ∫𝑒 𝑥⁡√ln 𝑥
𝑢 = ln(𝑥)
2
1 1
∫ ⁡𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = ⁡ ⁡𝑑𝑥
𝑥
√𝑢
1 𝑥𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥
2
1
∫ 𝑢−2 ⁡𝑑𝑢
1
1
2
2𝑢−2

3
= ⁡ 22 − 2
−𝟐 𝒙𝟒 −𝟏 −2
• ∫−𝟓 𝒙𝟐 +𝟏 𝒅𝒙 = ∫−5 𝑥 2 − 1⁡𝑑𝑥
−2 −2

= ∫ 𝑥 2 ⁡𝑑𝑥 + ∫ −1⁡𝑑𝑥
−5 −5

𝑥3 −2
= −𝑥|
3 −5
𝑥3 −2
= −𝑥|
3 −5
(−2)3 (5)3
= − (−2) − ( − (−5))
3 3
8 125
= − + 2 − (− + 5)
3 3
2 110
=− +
3 3
108
=
3
= 36
2 2 𝑢 =𝑥−1→𝑥
• ∫1 𝑥√𝑥 − 1𝑑𝑥 = ∫1 (𝑢 + 1)√𝑢𝑑𝑢 =𝑢+1
3 1
= ∫(𝑢 + 𝑢 )𝑑𝑢|212 2 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥
3 1
= ∫ 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 + ∫ 𝑢 𝑑𝑢|21
2 2

5 3
𝑢2 𝑢2 2
= 5 + 3 |1
2 2
5 3
2 2
= 𝑢 + 𝑢 |21 2 2
5 3
5 3
2 2
= 5 (𝑥 − 1) + 3 (𝑥 − 1) |21
2 2 0
5 3 5 3
2 2 2 2
= [5 (2 − 1) + 3 (2 − 1) ] − [5 (1 − 1) + 3 (1 − 1) ]
2 2 2 2

2 2
=5+3
3(2) + 5(2)
=
15
16
=
15
3 3𝑥 2 −1 3 𝑑𝑢
• ∫2 𝑑𝑥 = ∫2
(𝑥 3 −𝑥)2 𝑢2

𝑢 = 𝑥3 − 𝑥
𝑑𝑢 = 3𝑥 2 − 1

3
= ∫ 𝑢−2 𝑑𝑢
2
3
𝑢−1
= 2
−1

3
1
=− 2
𝑢

1 3
=−
𝑥3 − 𝑥 2

1 1
= −[ 3 − ]
(3) − 3 (3)3 − 2

1 1
= −( − )
24 6

1
= − (− )
8

1
=
8
1 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥
• ∫0 1+𝑥 4

𝑢 = 1 + 𝑥4
𝑑𝑢 = 4𝑥 2
1
𝑑𝑢 = 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥
4 1
𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥
∫ 0
1 + 𝑢4

1 1 1
= ∫ 𝑑𝑢
4 𝑢 0

1 1
= (𝐿𝑛|𝑢|)
4 0

1 1
4
= (𝐿𝑛|1 + 𝑥 |)
4 0

1
= [𝐿𝑛|1 + 14 | − 𝐿𝑛|1 + 04 |]
4

1
= [𝐿𝑛|2| − 𝐿𝑛|1|]
4

1
= 𝐿𝑛(2)
4

2 1 2 1 2 1
• ∫1 (1 + 𝑥) (𝑥 2) 𝑑𝑥⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡𝑢 = 1 + 𝑥⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡
1 1
⁡⁡⁡𝑑𝑢 = − ⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡− 𝑑𝑢 =
𝑥2 𝑥2
2 1 2
(1 + 𝑥 )
∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥2
1
3
2
2
∫ −𝑢 𝑑𝑢
2
3
2

− ∫ 𝑢2 𝑑𝑢
2

3
𝑢3 2
−( ⁡∫ )
3 2

2
8
−( 3 )3 − ⁡
3 3

37
=
24
𝜋
• ∫04 sec 𝑥 tan 𝑥 √1 + sec 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡𝑢 = 1 + 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡𝑑𝑢 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥⁡.⁡⁡𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥⁡⁡𝑑𝑥

𝜋
4

∫ √𝑢⁡𝑑𝑢
0

1 𝜋
∫ 𝑢2 ⁡𝑑𝑢⁡⁡⁡ 4 ⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡
0

3
𝜋
𝑢2
⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡ 4
3
2 0

𝜋
4
2 3 𝜋
∫ sec 𝑥 tan 𝑥 √1 + sec 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = [(1 + sec 𝑥)2 ] 4
3 0
0

2 3 3
[(1 + sec 𝑥)2 ⁡−(1 + sec 0)2 ]
3

2 3 3
[(1 + √2)2 ⁡−(1 + 12 ]
3

2 3 3
[(1 + √2)2 ⁡−22 ]
3

2 3
[(1 + √2)2 −⁡√23 ]
3

2 3
[(1 + √2)2 −⁡√8]
3

2 3
= [(1 + √2)2 −⁡2√2]
3

−1 𝑑𝑥
• ∫−2 ⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡𝑢 = 𝑥 − 1⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥
(𝑥−1)2
−1
1
∫ 𝑑𝑥
(𝑥 − 1)2
−2
−1
1

𝑢2
−2
1
=−
𝑢
1
=−
𝑥−1
1 −1
=− ⁡ |
𝑥−1
−2
1 1
=− − (− )
−1 − 1 −2 − 1
1
=
6

2𝜋 𝑥 𝑥
• ∫𝜋 𝑠𝑒𝑛 (2) 𝑑𝑥 ⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡𝑢 = 2 ⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥
2𝜋

∫ 2⁡𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑢)⁡𝑑𝑢
𝜋
2 ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑛⁡(𝑢)⁡𝑑𝑢

= 2(− cos(𝑢))
𝑥
= 2(− cos ( )
2
𝑥 2𝜋
= −2 cos ( )⁡ |
2
𝜋
2𝜋 𝜋
= −2 cos ( )⁡ − (−2 cos ( )⁡)
2 2
= −2 cos(𝜋) + 2 ∗ 0
= −2(−1) + 0 = 2
𝟐 𝒙 2 −𝑢+3
• ∫𝟎 𝒅𝒙 = ⁡ ∫0 𝑑𝑢
𝟑−𝒙 𝑢 Cambio de variable:
2 2
𝑢 3 𝑢 = 3 − 𝑥⁡⁡ → −𝑢 + 3 = 𝑥
= ∫ − ( ) 𝑑𝑢 + ∫ 𝑑𝑢
𝑢 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = −𝑑𝑥
0 0
2 2
𝑢 𝑑𝑢
= ∫ − ( ) 𝑑𝑢 + 3 ∫
𝑢 𝑢
0 0

2
= −𝑥 + 3 ln|𝑢| |
0
2
= −𝑥 + 3 ln|3 − 𝑥| |
0
= −2 + 3 ln|3 − 2| − [−(0)] + 3 ln|3 − 0|
= −2 + 3 ln|1| + 0 + 3 ln|3|
= −2 + 3 ln|3|

𝟐 2 2
5.∫−𝟏(𝒙𝟑 − 𝟏)𝒅𝒙 = ⁡ ∫−1 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥 − ∫−1 1𝑑𝑥

𝑥4 2
= −𝑥|
4 −1
(2)4 (−1)4
= −2−( − (−1))
4 4
3
=
4
𝟑 𝒅𝒙 1 3 𝑑𝑢
• ∫𝟎 = ∫0
𝟒𝒙+𝟏 4 𝑢 Cambio de variable:
1
= ln|𝑢| 𝑢 = 4𝑥 + 1
4 𝑑𝑢 = 4𝑑𝑥
1
= ln|4𝑥 + 1||30 0
4
1 1
= ln|4(3) + 1| − ln|4(0) + 1|
4 4
1
= ln|13|
4
Cambio de variable

𝑢´ = ⁡ 𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 + 1
1 𝑥 2 +1
• ∫0 𝑥 3+3𝑥+1⁡⁡ 𝑢´ = 3𝑥 2 + 3

𝑑𝑢 = 3(𝑥 2 + 1)
= 3(𝑥 2 + 1)
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑢 = 3(𝑥 2 + 1)𝑑𝑥⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡𝑑𝑥 =
3(𝑥 2 +1)
1
𝑥2 + 1
∫ 3 ⁡⁡ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 + 3𝑥 + 1
0
1
𝑥2 + 1 𝑑𝑢
∫ ⁡. [ 2 + 1)
]⁡
0 𝑢 3(𝑥
𝑑𝑢 1 1 1
= ⁡ ⁡∫ ⁡⁡|
𝑢 3 𝑢 0
1 1
= ⁡ ⁡. 𝐿𝑛⁡|𝑢| |
3 0
1 1
= ⁡ ⁡𝐿𝑛⁡|𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 + 1| |
3 0
1 1
= [ ⁡𝐿𝑛⁡|(1)3 + 3⁡(1) + 1| − ⁡𝐿𝑛⁡|(0)3 + 3⁡(0) + 1|⁡]⁡
3 3
1 1
= ⁡ ⁡𝐿𝑛⁡5 − ⁡𝐿𝑛⁡1⁡⁡
3 3
1
= ⁡ ⁡𝐿𝑛⁡5
3
𝜋 1+cos(2∙3𝑥) 1+cos(6𝑥)
• ∫0 cos 2 3𝑥𝑑𝑥 2
= 2
1
⁡⁡⁡= 2 (1 + cos(6𝑥))
1+cos(2𝑥)
⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡cos2 𝑥⁡⁡ 2

𝜋1
= ∫0 (1 + cos(6𝑥))𝑑𝑥
2
𝜋 𝜋
1
= (∫ 1𝑑𝑥 + ∫ cos(6𝑥)𝑑𝑥 )
2 0 0
𝜋
∫ 1𝑑𝑥 = 𝜋
0
𝜋
∫ cos(6𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 0
0

1
= (𝜋 + 0)
2
𝜋
=
2
4 4 4 4
• ∫1 (2𝑥 2 + √𝑥 − 𝑥)𝑑𝑥 ∫1 2𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = 2. ∫1 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
4 4 44 𝑥 2+1 𝑥3
∫1 2𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 + ∫1 √𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − ∫1 𝑥 𝑑𝑥⁡ [
2+1
] = 2[ ]
3

14 𝑥3 1
42 + − 8𝐼𝑛(2) lim =
3 𝑥→1 3 3

140 𝑥2 64
−8𝐼𝑛(2) + lim = =42
3 𝑥→−4 3 3

4 4 1
∫1 √𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫1 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
1
3
𝑥 2 +1 2
[1 ] = [3 𝑥 ] 2
+1
2

3 3
2 2 2
lim 𝑥 2 = − 12 =
𝑥→1 3 3 3
3 3
2 2 16 14
lim 𝑥 = −4 =
2 2 =
𝑥→−4 3 3 3 3

44 41
∫1 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 4 ∫1 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 4[𝐼𝑛|𝑥|]

lim(𝐼𝑛|𝑥|) = 0
𝑥→1

lim (𝐼𝑛|𝑥|) = 2𝐼𝑛(2)


𝑥→−4

4(2𝐼𝑛(2)) = 8𝐼𝑛(2)

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