Accountability for human rights violations during crisis

Name: Ela Yılmaz

School: Ordu/Giresun Bahcesehir Science and Technology High School

Committee: OHCHR – Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights

Delegate: Malaysia

Malaysia is a country in Southeast Asia. The federal constitutional monarchy consists of thirteen
states and three federal territories, separated by the South China Sea into two regions, Peninsular
Malaysia and Borneo's East Malaysia.

Peninsular Malaysia shares a land and maritime border with Thailand and maritime borders with
Singapore, Vietnam, and Indonesia.

East Malaysia shares land and maritime borders with Brunei and Indonesia and a maritime border
with the Philippines and Vietnam. Kuala Lumpur is the national capital, largest city and the seat of
the legislative branch of the federal government. The nearby planned capital of Putrajaya is the
administrative capital; which represents the seat of both the executive branch (Cabinet, federal
ministries and agencies) and the judicial branch of the federal government. With a population of over
110 million, Malaysia is the world's 43rd-most populous country.

Malaysia is a high middle-income country with per capita income of RM36, 937 (US$10,796). It
includes 11 states in Peninsular Malaysia, three federal territories, and the Borneo states of Sabah
and Sarawak, and is a country of diversity with its multi-ethnic, multicultural and multilinguistic
population. The land area is 330,183 square kilometers.

The largest city and national capital is Kuala Lumpur. Spoken languages are Malay (official), English,
Tamil, and Chinese (Cantonese). Malaysia's official religion is Islam; about 60 % of the population are
Muslim, 20% are Buddhist.

The country is multi-ethnic and multi-cultural, which has a significant effect on its politics. About half
the population is ethnically Malay, with minorities of Chinese, Indians, and indigenous peoples. The
country's official language is Malaysian, a standard form of the Malay language.

Human rights are the basic rights and freedoms that belong to every person in the world, from birth
until death. They apply regardless of where you are from, what you believe or how you choose to live
your life.They can never be taken away, although they can sometimes be restricted – for example if a
person breaks the law, or in the interests of national security.These basic rights are based on shared
values like dignity, fairness, equality, respect and independence. These values are defined and
protected by law.
But in some cases these rights we have may be violated . This called human rights violations. These
violations are classified.

A state commits human rights violations either directly or indirectly. Violations can either be
intentionally performed by the state and or come as a result of the state failing to prevent the
violation. When a state engages in human rights violations, various actors can be involved such as
police, judges, prosecutors, government officials, and more. The violation can be physically violent in
nature, such as police brutality, while rights such as the right to a fair trial can also be violated, where
no physical violence is involved.

The second type of violation – failure by the state to protect – occurs when there’s a conflict
between individuals or groups within a society. If the state does nothing to intervene and protect
vulnerable people and groups, it’s participating in the violations. In the United States, the state failed
to protect black Americans when lynchings frequently occurred around the country. Since many of
those responsible for the lynchings were also state actors (like the police), this is an example of both
types of violations occurring at the same time.

These are some examples of these violations:

-Child Slavery in the LRA.

-Forced sterilization for disabled underage girls.

-Forced vaginal examinations of Afghan women.

-Uganda's “Anti-Gay Bill”

-Child Labour During the Industrial Revolution. -Slavery in The United States.

-The Holocaust.

-Modern Sex Trafficking.

-Taliban Crimes in Afghanistan

-Jim Crow Laws in the U.S. South

There are situations and crises where human rights can be ignored. In such cases, sociality is more
important than individuality. But even in such cases, the country can and should provide better
conditions to its citizens.

Here are the things the country can do: inform the public of the rights they have , minimizing the
damage by making logical decisions even in cases of violation, solve problems without the need for
uprisings and resistance.

The place of human rights defenders in society is very important. They play a major role in informing
the public and making them aware of the events. they give confidence and support to the public in
asking for what they are entitled to.

In conclusion , The country must defend the rights of its people in all circumstances. should stand by
the people by minimizing the damage even in situations where human rights are not taken into
account.