BALKANS 22 RS 01 Full Deck 1

2022 WESTERN BALKANS
REGIONAL SURVEY
January-February 2022
Detailed Methodology
• The survey was conducted on behalf of the International Republican Institute’s Center for Insights in
Survey Research by Ipsos Strategic Marketing.
• Data was collected between December 30, 2021, and February 20, 2022, through CAPI administered
face-to-face interviews in respondents’ homes. Further details on fieldwork period, margin of error, and
response rate are listed on the following slide.
• The sample consisted of n=1501 adults (Bosnia and Herzegovina), n=1520 adults (Kosovo), n=1479 adults
(North Macedonia), n=1008 adults (Montenegro) and n=1504 adults (Serbia). Inhabitants of poorly
accessible areas were excluded. The share of excluded inhabitants is as follows: 0.3% for Bosnia and
Herzegovina, 0.2% for Kosovo, 0.8% for North Macedonia, 1.4% for Montenegro and 0.6% for Serbia.
• Margins of error for each country are: ±2.9 points for Bosnia and Herzegovina, ±2.9 points for Kosovo,
±2.9 points for North Macedonia, ±3.5 points for Montenegro and ±2.9 points for Serbia.
• A multi-stage probability sampling method was used to design a nationally representative sample. The
sample was stratified by region and by urban/rural residency, followed by random selection of primary
sampling units (PSUs) within each stratum. Households were selected by random walk in each of the
PSU, and respondents were selected randomly from the list of all adults in the household. The sampling
frame was based on population and housing census data and population estimates.
• The samples were weighted by age, gender, and educational attainment based on figures from the latest
census data for each country.
• Charts and graphs may not add up to 100 percent due to rounding.
2
Fieldwork dates
Country Fieldwork Dates Response Rate Margin of Error
Bosnia and Herzegovina December 30th, 2021 – February 16th, 2022 39% ±2.9
Kosovo January 17th – February 20th, 2022 39% ±2.9
Montenegro January 3rd – February 10th, 2022 35% ±3.5
North Macedonia January 17th - February 18th, 2022 34% ±2.9
Serbia January 4th – February 15th, 2022 33% ±2.9
3
Frequently Cited Disaggregate Bases
Disaggregate Category Base

Bosnia and Herzegovina n = 1,501
Kosovo n = 1,520
Poll 2022 - Country Montenegro n = 1,008
North Macedonia n = 1,479
Serbia n = 1,504
Bosnia and Herzegovina n = 1,486
Kosovo n = 1,517
Poll 2020 - Country Montenegro n = 966
North Macedonia n = 1,472
Serbia n = 1,481
4
Federation of BIH n = 952

Bosnia and Herzegovina - Entity
Republika Srpska n = 549
Bosniak n = 752
Serb n = 463
Bosnia and Herzegovina - Ethnic Groups
Croat n = 231
Other n = 37
Albanian n = 1,350
Kosovo - Ethnic Groups
Serb n = 123
5
Male n = 496
Montenegro - Gender
Female n = 512
18-35 n = 341
Montenegro – Age 36-55 n = 381
56+ n = 286
Primary or less n = 211
Montenegro - Education Secondary n = 641
University or higher n = 157
Montenegrin n = 481
Serb n = 291
Montenegro - Ethnic Groups
Albanian* n = 41
Muslim n = 55
Bosniak n = 59
6
*Due to small n, analysis should be interpreted with caution.
North n = 287
Montenegro – Region Center n = 478
South n = 244
Macedonian n = 932
North Macedonia - Ethnic Groups Albanian n = 385
Other* n = 163
*Muslim, Serbian and Bosniak ethnic groups are collapsed into one category.
7

Male n = 718
Serbia - Gender
Female n = 786
18-35 n = 416
Serbia – Age 36-55 n = 523
56+ n = 565
Primary or less n = 374
Serbia - Education Secondary n = 869
University or higher n = 261
Employed n = 826
Serbia – Working Status
Unemployed n = 114
Belgrade n = 356
Vojvodina n = 392
Serbia - Region
Sumadija /West n = 431
South / East n = 325

8
Previous IRI Western Balkan regional polls
Total
Poll Country Fieldwork dates sample
size
Bosnia and
February 7 – February 29, 2020 n = 1,486
Herzegovina
Western Balkans Regional Poll Kosovo February 11 – March 4, 2020 n = 1,517
Montenegro February 2 – February 28, 2020 n = 966
North Macedonia February 15 – March 4, 2020 n = 1,472
Serbia February 10 - March 6, 2020 n = 1,481
About the Center for Insights In Survey Research (CISR)

Research and qualitative and quantitative public opinion data is a cornerstone of IRI’s approach to
programming. Our data ensures citizens’ needs are at the center of the political debate and guide our
projects’ goals. To date, IRI has conducted more than 1,000 polls in over 100 countries, surveying
more than 1.5 million people and measuring community attitudes on a wide range of issues.
IRI’s research approach integrates CISR’s methodological polling best practices protocol and field
partner in-depth knowledge of the local research environment. This close collaboration begins at
project design, with carefully calibrated sampling and instrument development, and continues
throughout the entire fieldwork cycle to ensure the collection of reliable qualitative and quantitative
data.
← For more of IRI’s public opinion research, see CISR’s content. 9

General Outlook
In general, would you say that our country is heading in the right direction or
the wrong direction?
(2022 vs 2020)
2022 11% 85% 5%

Bosnia and
Herzegovina 2020 10% 87% 3%
2022 42% 55% 3%
Kosovo
2020 46% 49% 6%
2022 45% 45% 9%
Montenegro
2020 45% 47% 8%
2022 22% 75% 2%

North
Macedonia 2020 33% 61% 6%
2022 57% 33% 9%

Serbia
2020 53% 36% 11%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
In the right direction In the wrong direction Don't know/Refused to answer

11
(Bosnia and Herzegovina, by entity and ethnic background)
All respondents 11% 85% 5%
Entity
Federation of BIH 9% 86% 5%
Republika Srpska 14% 82% 4%
Ethnic background
Bosniak 8% 89% 4%
Serb 15% 81% 5%
Croat 14% 77% 9%
Other 7% 93%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
12
(Kosovo, by ethnic background)
Ethnic background
Albanian 44% 54% 2%
Serb 25% 68% 7%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
13
(Montenegro, by education and ethnic background)
Education
Elementary or less 34% 53% 13%
Secondary 49% 42% 9%
University 46% 50% 5%
Ethnic background
Montenegrin 40% 52% 8%
Serb 63% 31% 6%
Albanian 40% 47% 14%
Muslim 25% 50% 25%
Bosniak 15% 64% 21%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
In the right direction In the wrong direction Don't know/ Refused to answer
14
Do you think that today’s generation of young people has a good future in our
country or not?
(2022 vs 2020)
2022 13% 84% 3%

Bosnia and
2022 57% 40% 4%
Kosovo
2020 57% 42% 6%
2022 31% 64% 5%

Montenegro
2020 33% 58% 9%
2022 18% 80% 2%

North
Macedonia 2020 17% 81% 2%
2022 45% 47% 9%
Serbia
2020 34% 54% 12%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Good future Not a good future Don't know/Refused to answer

15
Do you think that today’s generation of young people has a good future in our
country or not?
All
57% 40% 4%
respondents
Ethnic background
Albanian 60% 36% 4%
Serb 22% 78% 1%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Good future Not a good future Don't know/Refused to answer

16
What is the most important problem facing our country today?
(All countries, spontaneous response, top 3 problems)
First most Second most Third most

Country mentioned mentioned mentioned
problem problem problem
Economy - Economy - cost of

Corruption
Bosnia and Herzegovina unemployment living, high prices
(17%)
(24%) (22%)
Economy -
Economy - cost of
unemployment
Kosovo living, high prices Corruption
(46%)
(24%) (8%)

Montenegro unemployment living, high prices Corruption
(37%) (18%) (11%)
Economy - cost of Economy - Corruption

North Macedonia living, high prices unemployment (7%)
(38%) (23%)
Economy - cost of Economy -

Corruption
Serbia living, high prices unemployment
(10%)
(30%) (11%)
17
(Bosnia and Herzegovina, spontaneous response)
Economy - unemployment 24%

Economy - cost of living, high prices 22%
Corruption 17%
General political situation 9%
Economy - other/General 4%
Crime/Public safety 4%
Insecurity 3%
Poverty 2%
Economy - small business opportunities/Access to loans 2%
Internal conflicts 2%
Emigration 1%
Covid-19 1%
*Other 8%
Don't know/Refused to answer <1%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%
*Responses receiving <1% are collapsed into Other. 18

(Bosnia and Herzegovina, spontaneous response, top 3 problems, 2022 vs 2020)
24%
Economy -
unemployment
39%
22%
Economy - cost of
living, high prices
14%
2022
17%
2020
Corruption
12%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%
19
(Bosnia and Herzegovina, spontaneous response, top 3 problems, by ethnic background)
24%
Economy - 30%
unemployment 16%
24%
23%
Economy - cost of 26%

Bosniak
living, high prices 15%
Serb
22% Croat
18% All respondents
15%
Corruption
12%
17%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%
20
(Kosovo, spontaneous response)
Corruption 8%
COVID-19 2%
Electricity 2%
Poverty 2%
Healthcare 1%
Insecurity 1%
*Other 7%
Don't know/Refused to answer 2%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%

(Kosovo, spontaneous response, top 3 problems, 2022 vs 2020)
46%
Economy -
unemployment
65%
24%
Economy - cost of
living, high prices
5%
2022
8%
2020
Corruption
11%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%
22
(Montenegro, spontaneous response)

Corruption 11%
Crime/public safety 5%
Poverty 4%
Economy - other/general 4%
Insecurity 3%
COVID-19 2%
Economy - small business opportunities/access to loans 2%
Ilicit drugs 1%
*Other 5%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%

(Montenegro, spontaneous response, top 3 problems, 2022 vs 2020)
37%
Economy -
unemployment
34%
18%
Economy - cost of
living, high prices
13%
2022
11%
2020
Corruption
8%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%
24
(North Macedonia, spontaneous response)

Corruption 7%
Poverty 5%
COVID-19 3%
Electricity 2%
Emigration 2%
Insecurity 2%
Healthcare 1%
Pensions 1%
*Other 6%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%

(North Macedonia, spontaneous response, top 3 problems, 2022 vs 2020)
38%
Economy - cost of
living, high prices
24%
23%
Economy -
unemployment
33%
2022
7%
2020
Corruption
13%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%
26
(Serbia, spontaneous response)

Corruption 10%
COVID-19 8%
Poverty 5%
Insecurity 3%
Healthcare 2%
Pollution 2%
Education 1%
Environment 1%
Pensions 1%
Agriculture 1%
Illict drugs 1%
*Other 9%
None <1%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%

(Serbia, spontaneous response, top 3 problems, 2022 vs 2020)
30%
Economy - cost of
living, high prices
21%
11%
Economy -
unemployment
22%
2022
10%
2020
Corruption
10%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%
28
What specific issue should be the top priority for the government to address?
(All countries, spontaneous response, top 3 issues)
First most Second most Third most

Country mentioned mentioned mentioned
specific issue specific issue specific issue

Corruption
Bosnia and Herzegovina living, high prices unemployment
(17%)
(25%) (21%)
Economy - Economy -
Corruption
Kosovo unemployment other/general
(16%)
(35%) (8%)

Corruption
Montenegro unemployment living, high prices
(11%)
(37%) (18%)

North Macedonia living, high prices unemployment Corruption
(27%) (21%) (7%)

Serbia living, high prices unemployment Corruption
(29%) (14%) (13%)
29
(Bosnia and Herzegovina, spontaneous response)

Corruption 17%
Insecurity 4%
Poverty 2%
Leaving the country / The future of young people 1%
COVID-19 1%
Emigration 1%
Healthcare 1%
Education 1%
*Other 7%
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% 50%

(Kosovo, spontaneous response)

Corruption 16%
Healthcare 5%
Poverty 5%
COVID-19 5%
Electricity 3%
Education 3%
Visa liberalization 2%
Emigration 2%
Pensions 1%
Insecurity 1%
*Other 6%
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% 50%

(Montenegro, spontaneous response)

Corruption 11%
COVID-19 3%
Insecurity 2%
Poverty 2%
EU integration 1%
Emigration 1%
Education 1%
Illicit drugs 1%
*Other 4%
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% 50%

(North Macedonia, spontaneous response)

Corruption 7%
Electricity 6%
Poverty 6%
Healthcare 3%
COVID-19 3%
Insecurity 2%
Economy - small business opportunities/access to loans 2%
Education 2%
Emigration 2%
Pensions 1%
Infrastructure 1%
EU integration 1%
*Other 6%
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% 50%

(Serbia, spontaneous response)

Corruption 13%
Poverty 5%
COVID-19 4%
Healthcare 3%
Agriculture 2%
Insecurity 2%
Pollution 2%
Education 2%
Environment 1%
Illicit drugs 1%
Pensions 1%
*Other 7%
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% 50%

What does Serbia need the most at this time?
(Serbia, 2022 vs 2020)
2022 58% 36% 6%
2020 56% 40% 4%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Stability and continuity Change Don't know/Refused to answer
35
Are the media in our country free to independently cover any issue or not?
(2022 vs 2020)
2022 14% 41% 31% 11% 2%

Bosnia and
Herzegovina 2020 6% 34% 38% 20% 2%
2022 24% 56% 14% 5% 2%

Kosovo
2020 23% 54% 16% 4% 4%
2022 21% 41% 24% 11% 3%

Montenegro
2020 21% 32% 28% 15% 5%
2022 8% 29% 41% 20% 2%

North
Macedonia 2020 9% 30% 40% 18% 3%
2022 31% 31% 21% 15% 2%
Serbia
2020 24% 27% 23% 23% 3%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Very free Somewhat free Somewhat not free Very not free Don't know/Refused to answer
36
Democracy and
Human Rights
How satisfied or dissatisfied are you with the way democracy is developing in
our country?
(2022 vs 2020)
2022 5% 26% 37% 31% 1%

Bosnia and
Herzegovina
2020 4% 25% 39% 32% 1%
2022 10% 48% 28% 12% 2%

Kosovo
2020 11% 59% 23% 7% 1%
2022 9% 41% 26% 21% 3%

Montenegro
2020 18% 34% 22% 25% 1%
2022 4% 26% 37% 33% <1%

North
Macedonia 2020 5% 34% 32% 28% 1%
2022 18% 43% 23% 14% 2%
Serbia 2020 15% 37% 23% 22% 4%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Very satisfied Somewhat satisfied Somewhat dissatisfied Very dissatisfied Don't know/Refused to answer
38
How would you describe the current status of each of the following items in
our country?
(Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2022 vs 2020)
2022 11% 37% 31% 19% 2%

Freedom of
expression 2020 4% 34% 34% 26% 2%
2022 11% 36% 34% 16% 3%

Media
freedom 2020 3% 31% 37% 26% 4%
2022 8% 35% 33% 20% 4%

National
security 2020 4% 35% 31% 27% 3%
2022 6% 31% 35% 26% 3%

Democracy
2020 3% 23% 38% 34% 2%
2022 6% 28% 37% 26% 2%

Human rights
2020 2% 24% 37% 34% 2%
2022 5% 28% 36% 29% 2%

Law and
order 2020 2% 23% 34% 39% 2%
2022 4% 14% 34% 47% 2%

Economy
2020 2% 13% 33% 51% 2%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Very good Somewhat good Somewhat bad Very bad Don't know/Refused to answer
39
our country?
(Kosovo, 2022 vs 2020)
2022 17% 53% 20% 7% 4%

Media
freedom 2020 17% 58% 17% 4% 4%
2022 15% 54% 20% 8% 3%

National
security 2020 13% 58% 17% 6% 6%
2022 18% 51% 22% 7% 3%

Freedom of
expression 2020 18% 57% 18% 4% 3%
2022 14% 51% 23% 9% 3%

Democracy
2020 9% 53% 27% 10% 2%
2022 10% 53% 26% 8% 3%

Human rights 2020 11% 54% 23% 9% 3%
2022 9% 44% 33% 12% 3%

Law and
order 2020 5% 42% 35% 14% 4%
2022 5% 22% 36% 35% 1%

Economy
2020 3% 23% 35% 37% 2%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
40
our country?
(Montenegro, 2022 vs 2020)
2022 13% 49% 25% 12% 1%

Freedom of
expression 2020 18% 35% 25% 20% 2%
2022 17% 42% 29% 12% 1%

Media
freedom 2020 19% 35% 26% 18% 2%
2022 7% 50% 27% 14% 2%

National
security 2020 19% 40% 24% 14% 2%
2022 8% 45% 29% 17% 1%

Democracy
2020 18% 30% 27% 23% 2%
2022 9% 43% 30% 17% 2%

Human rights
2020 16% 39% 26% 18% 2%
2022 6% 44% 31% 19% 1%

Law and
order 2020 17% 34% 30% 18% 2%
2022 3% 22% 35% 40% 0%

Economy
2020 10% 28% 28% 34% 1%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
41
our country?
(North Macedonia, 2022 vs 2020)
2022 8% 35% 33% 23% 1%

Freedom of
expression 2020 10% 35% 36% 19% 1%
2022 8% 35% 32% 24% 2%

National
security 2020 10% 37% 32% 19% 3%
2022 9% 33% 35% 22% 2%

Media
freedom 2020 9% 41% 31% 16% 3%
2022 5% 28% 36% 30% 1%

Human rights
2020 5% 32% 36% 25% 2%
2022 5% 28% 33% 33% 1%

Democracy
2020 6% 32% 32% 28% 2%
2022 3% 22% 35% 39% 1%

Law and
order 2020 4% 26% 38% 32% 1%
2022 3% 11% 29% 56% 1%

Economy
2020 3% 16% 36% 44% 1%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

42
our country?
(Serbia, 2022 vs 2020)
2022 28% 46% 14% 6% 6%
National
security 2020 18% 49% 19% 11%
2022 27% 37% 21% 14% 2%

Freedom of
expression 2020 20% 37% 23% 18%
2022 22% 38% 25% 13% 3%

Human rights
2020 15% 39% 25% 19%
2022 14% 38% 29% 16% 3%

Law and
order 2020 8% 38% 29% 24%
2022 19% 40% 24% 15% 2%

Democracy
2020 10% 36% 26% 24%
Media 2022 25% 34% 20% 19% 2%

freedom
2020 15% 33% 23% 26%
2022 9% 38% 31% 20% 1%

Economy
2020 4% 31% 33% 31%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
43
Do you believe that democracy is the best possible form of government for our
country or not?
(2022 vs 2020)
2022 47% 25% 21% 7%

Bosnia and
Herzegovina 2020 45% 27% 20% 8%
2022 74% 10% 9% 7%

Kosovo
2020 75% 11% 4% 11%
2022 53% 19% 21% 8%

Montenegro
2020 61% 19% 12% 9%
2022 45% 30% 17% 9%

North
Macedonia 2020 59% 20% 14% 7%
2022 57% 19% 13% 11%

Serbia 2020 54% 20% 13% 13%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Yes, it is the best possible form of government for our country

No, there are other forms of government that could be equally good for our country
No, there are other forms of government that are better than democracy
Don't know/Refused to answer
44
Thinking about our country’s current political system, do you believe it is a:
(2022 vs 2020)
2022 5% 13% 49% 29% 4%

Bosnia and
Herzegovina 2020 4% 19% 46% 28% 3%
2022 18% 36% 34% 7% 4%

Kosovo
2020 19% 39% 26% 7% 9%
2022 5% 28% 46% 17% 4%

Montenegro
2020 20% 27% 31% 15% 6%
2022 6% 21% 47% 24% 2%

North
Macedonia 2020 8% 20% 38% 30% 4%
2022 20% 26% 34% 16% 4%
Serbia 2020 9% 31% 29% 22% 9%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Full democracy Nearly full democracy Flawed democracy

Not a democracy at all Don't know/Refused to answer
45
Trust in Politicians
and Institutions
Which politician or public person do you trust the most?
(Bosnia and Herzegovina, spontaneous response, top ten responses, total mentions displayed)
Zeljko Komsic 6%
Drasko Stanivukovic 4%
Milorad Dodik 4%
Jelena Trivic 2%
Denis Becirovic 1%
Nebojsa Vukanovic 1%
Dragan Covic 1%
Bakir Izetbegovic 1%
Zeljka Cvijanovic 1%
Bogić Bogićević 1%
None 62%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%
47
(Kosovo, spontaneous response, top ten responses, total mentions displayed)
Albin Kurti 28%
Vjosa Osmani 15%
Kadri Veseli 9%
Hashim Thaci 7%
Lumir Abdigjiku 6%
Ramush Haradinaj 4%
Glauk Konjufca 4%
Memli Krasniqi 3%
Fatmir Limaj 2%
Bedri Hamza 2%
None 27%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%
48
(Montenegro, spontaneous response, top ten responses, total mentions displayed)
Milo Djukanovic 19%
Aleksa Becic 15%
Milojko Spajic 8%
Dritan Abazovic 7%
Zdravko Krivokapic 7%
Milan Knezevic 5%
Andrija Mandic 5%
Draginja Vuksanović 4%
Duško Marković 3%
Jakov Milatović 3%
None 33%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%
49
(North Macedonia, spontaneous response, top ten responses, total mentions displayed)
Hristijan Mickovski 13%
Zoran Zaev 5%
Dimitar Kovachevski 4%
Nikola Gruevski 3%
Dimitar Apasiev 3%
Ali Ahmeti 2%
Stevo Pendarovski <1%
Mitko Jance 1%
Antonio Milosevski 1%
Arben Taravari 1%
None 60%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%
50
(Serbia, spontaneous response, top ten responses, total mentions displayed)
Aleksandar Vucic 38%
Ivica Dacic 9%
Ana Brnabic 6%
Dragan Djilas 2%
Marinika Tepic 2%
Vojislav Šešelj 2%
Aleksandar Vulin 2%
Nestorović dr Branimir 1%
Novak Đoković 1%
Aleksandar Šapić 1%
None 40%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%
51
Trust in Institutions
To what extent do you trust or distrust each of the following 1/2
institutions?
2022 17% 48% 20% 13% 3%
Police
2020 9% 40% 25% 24% 3%
2022 17% 43% 20% 15% 5%
Army
2020 11% 39% 21% 25% 4%
2022 20% 36% 19% 21% 4%

Religious
institutions 2020 14% 36% 22% 25% 3%
2022 5% 42% 31% 20% 2%
Media
2020 2% 28% 35% 33% 2%
2022 6% 28% 32% 31% 4%
Courts
2020 3% 21% 30% 44% 3%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

52
Trust a great deal Somewhat trust Somewhat distrust Distrust a great deal Don't know/Refused to answer
institutions?
2022 5% 22% 31% 37% 5%

National Electoral
Commission 2020 3% 16% 29% 49% 3%
2022 4% 21% 30% 41% 4%

Entity Prime
Minister 2020 3% 17% 29% 49% 3%
2022 4% 19% 29% 45% 3%
BiH Presidency
2020 3% 18% 27% 49% 3%
2022 2% 20% 34% 41% 4%

BiH Parliamentary
Assembly 2020 3% 16% 28% 51% 2%
2022 4% 15% 30% 49% 2%
Political parties
2020 2% 15% 25% 55% 3%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

53
institutions?
(Kosovo, 2022 vs 2020)
2022 44% 38% 11% 6% 2%
Police
2020 40% 46% 8% 5% 1%
2022 35% 43% 12% 3% 6%

Religious
institutions 2020 34% 45% 13% 7% 2%
2022 47% 31% 11% 7% 4%
Army
2020 62% 27% 5% 5% 1%
2022 24% 36% 23% 13% 4%
President
2020 13% 25% 27% 32% 3%
2022 28% 30% 24% 15% 3%
Prime minister
2020 25% 37% 19% 14% 5%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

54
institutions?
(Kosovo, 2022 vs 2020)
2022 13% 44% 26% 11% 6%

National Electoral
Commission 2020 10% 41% 27% 15% 6%
2022 14% 39% 29% 15% 4%
Parliament
2020 12% 37% 24% 23% 3%
2022 6% 45% 37% 10% 3%
Media
2020 7% 59% 22% 10% 2%
2022 10% 41% 30% 16% 4%
Courts
2020 6% 35% 33% 22% 4%
2022 5% 29% 40% 22% 4%
Political parties
2020 5% 29% 34% 30% 2%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

55
institutions?
Albanian 86% 13% 2%

Police
Serb 38% 60% 2%
Religious Albanian 80% 14% 6%

institutions Serb 74% 24% 2%
Albanian 83% 14% 4%

Army
Serb 27% 72% 1%
Albanian 63% 34% 3%

President
Serb 26% 73% 1%
Prime Minister Albanian 61% 37% 3%
Serb 25% 74% 2%

*Trust refers to sum of answers Trust a great deal
and Somewhat trust. 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
**Distrust refers to sum of answers Somewhat 56
Trust * Distrust** Don't know/Refused to answer
distrust and Distrust a great deal.
institutions?

National
Albanian 59% 35% 6%
Electoral
Commission Serb 34% 63% 3%
Albanian 55% 43% 3%

Parliament
Serb 28% 68% 4%
Albanian 52% 45% 3%

Media
Serb 25% 72% 3%
Albanian 50% 46% 4%

Courts
Serb 44% 56%

Political Albanian 34% 63% 3%
parties
Serb 27% 73%
*Trust refers to sum of answers Trust a great deal
and Somewhat trust. 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
**Distrust refers to sum of answers Somewhat 57
distrust and Distrust a great deal. Trust * Distrust** Don't know/Refused to answer
institutions?
2022 41% 35% 12% 10% 3%

Religious
institutions 2020 49% 30% 12% 7% 3%
2022 20% 52% 17% 8% 3%
Army
2020 25% 42% 15% 16% 2%
2022 12% 56% 21% 10% 1%

Police
2020 21% 42% 22% 14% 1%
2022 11% 36% 29% 21% 3%
Parliament
2020 14% 28% 28% 26% 4%
2022 5% 41% 35% 18% 2%
Media
2020 11% 37% 31% 19% 1%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

58
institutions?
2022 15% 29% 21% 31% 3%
Prime Minister
2020 20% 26% 20% 30% 5%
2022 4% 40% 29% 19% 8%

National Electoral
Commission 2020 15% 29% 22% 28% 7%
2022 23% 17% 19% 38% 4%
President
2020 22% 25% 18% 31% 4%
2022 3% 29% 32% 32% 5%
Courts
2020 17% 33% 24% 25% 2%
2022 2% 25% 41% 30% 2%
Political parties
2020 11% 29% 34% 24% 3%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

59
institutions?
2022 16% 46% 21% 13% 4%
Army
2020 19% 45% 18% 13% 5%
2022 19% 38% 24% 17% 2%

Religious
institutions 2020 21% 42% 20% 15% 2%
2022 10% 42% 27% 21% 1%
Police
2020 9% 40% 27% 24% 1%
2022 5% 41% 34% 19% 1%
Media
2020 4% 37% 35% 23% 1%
2022 9% 25% 26% 39% 2%
President
2020 10% 27% 28% 31% 4%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

60
institutions?
2022 6% 27% 28% 36% 3%

National Electoral
Commission 2020 6% 26% 31% 32% 6%
2022 4% 23% 28% 45% 1%
Political parties
2020 3% 23% 27% 45% 2%
2022 4% 22% 28% 44% 2%
Parliament
2020 5% 20% 29% 43% 3%
2022 7% 19% 25% 47% 3%
Prime Minister
2020 9% 20% 28% 39% 4%
2022 4% 19% 26% 50% 2%
Courts
2020 3% 16% 29% 50% 3%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

61
institutions?
(Serbia, 2022 vs 2020)
2022 43% 42% 10% 4% 1%
Army
2020 32% 45% 12% 7% 4%
2022 36% 40% 12% 8% 4%

Religious
institutions 2020 26% 41% 18% 12% 3%
2022 25% 40% 22% 12% 2%
Police
2020 16% 43% 23% 16% 2%
2022 37% 26% 15% 21% 3%
President
2020 24% 28% 16% 26% 5%
2022 23% 31% 17% 25% 4%
Prime Minister
2020 16% 29% 22% 27% 5%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

62
institutions?
(Serbia, 2022 vs 2020)
2022 19% 35% 18% 21% 8%

National Electoral
Commission 2020 12% 32% 26% 22% 8%
2022 13% 36% 25% 24% 3%
Courts
2020 6% 33% 29% 27% 4%
2022 15% 33% 24% 25% 3%
Parliament
2020 8% 29% 27% 31% 5%
2022 5% 36% 32% 26% 1%
Media
2020 3% 31% 36% 29% 1%
2022 6% 27% 30% 36% 2%
Political parties
2020 3% 22% 34% 39% 3%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

63
Foreign Relations and
Foreign Influence
Which country/bloc is the biggest foreign donor to our country?
(Spontaneous response)
Bosnia and
26% 13% 5% 12% 11% 13% 7% 14%
Herzegovina
Kosovo 15% 62% 1%

1% 13% 2% 4% 3%
Montenegro 41% 10% 9% 9% 4% 3% 7% 17%
North
28% 22% 7% 4% 10% 10% 4% 15%
Macedonia
Serbia 21% 2% 30% 24% 3%1%

2% 17%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
EU USA China Russia Germany Turkey Other Don't know/Refused to answer

(Bosnia and Herzegovina, spontaneous response, 2022 vs 2020)
26%
EU
27%
13%
USA
9%
13%
Turkey
18%
12%
Russia
11%
11%
Germany
5%
China 2022
3%
3% 2020
Serbia
2%
Great Britain
6%
1%
*Other
4%
1%
None
Don't know/ 14%
Refused to answer 21%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%

(Bosnia and Herzegovina, spontaneous response, 2022, by ethnic background)
Bosniak 26% 20% 21% 1% 11% 3% 3% 17%
Serb 28% 1% 2% 31% 5% 7% 13% 13%
Croat 22% 14% 12% 11% 20% 9% 8% 6%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
EU USA Turkey Russia Germany China *Other Don't know/ Refused to answer

(Kosovo, spontaneous response, 2022 vs 2020)
62%
USA
74%
15%
EU
11%
13%
Germany
3%
Great Britain
<1%
2%
Turkey 2022
2%
2020
1%
Russia
<1%
2%
*Other
1%
<1%
None
Don't know/ 3%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%

(Montenegro, spontaneous response, 2022 vs 2020)
41%
EU
24%
10%
USA
16%
9%
China
12%
9%
Russia
6%
4%
Germany
2022
3%
Turkey
9% 2020
3%
Serbia
1%
*Other
3%
2%
None
Don't know/ 17%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%

(North Macedonia, spontaneous response, 2022 vs 2020)
28%
EU
35%
22%
USA
23%
10%
Turkey
12%
10%
Germany
7%
China 2022
6%
2020
4%
Russia
3%
2%
*Other
3%
2%
None
Don't know/ 15%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%

(Serbia, spontaneous response, 2022 vs 2020)
30%
China
20%
24%
Russia
27%
21%
EU
28%
3%
Germany
2022
2%
USA 2020
2%
2%
*Other
3%
1%
None
Don't know/ 17%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%

Opinion of Countries
1/5
Please tell me your opinion of each of the following countries.
(Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Germany 36% 41% 12% 6% 5%
Turkey 29% 42% 15% 8% 7%
United States 26% 38% 18% 13% 6%
Montenegro 14% 46% 19% 11% 10%

North
Macedonia
10% 45% 20% 10% 15%
China 14% 38% 23% 15% 10%
Croatia 10% 40% 27% 17% 6%
Serbia 25% 24% 21% 24% 6%
Russia 21% 28% 23% 22% 7%
Kosovo 9% 37% 20% 21% 13%
Albania 7% 37% 22% 20% 14%
Bulgaria 7% 36% 25% 13% 19%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Highly favorable Somewhat favorable Somewhat unfavorable
Highly unfavorable Don't know/Refused to answer
72
2/5
2022 36% 41% 12% 6% 5%

Germany
2020 32% 42% 11% 7% 7%
2022 29% 42% 15% 8% 7%

Turkey
2020 26% 39% 15% 10% 9%
2022 26% 38% 18% 13% 6%

United States
2020 15% 34% 23% 18% 10%
2022 14% 38% 23% 15% 10%

China
2020 11% 41% 22% 15% 11%
2022 21% 28% 23% 22% 7%
Russia
2020 20% 28% 23% 19% 9%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

73
3/5
(Bosnia and Herzegovina, favorable opinion*, by ethnic background)
84%
71%
Germany
66%
77%
85%
57%
Turkey
49%
70%
80%
36%
United States
59%
63%
60%
65%
Montenegro
48%
59%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Bosniak Serb Croat All respondents

*Favorable opinion refers to sum of answers Somewhat favorable and Highly favorable. 74
4/5
55%
59%
North Macedonia
44%
55%
40%
79%
China
42%
53%
46%
52%
Croatia
56%
50%
28%
94%
Serbia
34%
49%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

5/5
27%
89%
Russia
39%
48%
56%
29%
Kosovo
46%
46%
57%
28%
Albania
37%
45%
39%
51%
Bulgaria
38%
43%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

76
*Favorable opinion refers to sum of answers Somewhat favorable and Highly favorable.
1/5
(Kosovo)
Germany 76% 13% 3% 5% 4%
United States 81% 7% 3% 5% 4%
Albania 67% 20% 4% 6% 3%
Turkey 46% 37% 6% 7% 4%
Croatia 27% 35% 16% 18% 5%
Montenegro 7% 41% 24% 23% 5%

North
Macedonia
10% 38% 27% 19% 6%
Bulgaria 5% 26% 28% 30% 11%

Bosnia and
Herzegovina
6% 24% 32% 31% 7%
China 7% 8% 19% 58% 9%
Russia 8% 5% 8% 73% 6%
Serbia 8% 3% 4% 80% 5%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
77
2/5
(Kosovo, 2022 vs 2020)
2022 76% 13% 3% 5% 4%
Germany
2%
2020 85% 9% 3% 2%
2022 81% 7% 3% 5% 4%
United States
3%
2020 88% 6% 3% 2%
2022 46% 37% 6% 7% 4%
Turkey
2020 46% 34% 10% 7% 4%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

78
3/5
(Kosovo, 2022 vs 2020)
2022 7% 8% 19% 58% 9%
China
2020 3% 11% 21% 54% 12%
2022 8% 5% 8% 73% 6%
Russia
2020 5% 4% 8% 73% 9%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

79
4/5
(Kosovo, favorable opinion*, by ethnic background)
94%
Germany 39%
89%
94%
United States 34%
88%
94%
Albania 21%
87%
87%
Turkey 47%
83%
64%
Croatia 26% Albanian
61% Serb
46% All respondents
Montenegro 65%
48%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
5/5
(Kosovo, favorable opinion*, by ethnic background)
46%
North Macedonia 60%
48%
27%
Bulgaria 59%
30% Albanian
27% Serb
Bosnia and Herzegovina 46%
All respondents
30%
8%
China 84%
15%
5%
Russia 89%
13%
3%
Serbia 87%
11%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
1/6
(Montenegro)
China 21% 58% 13% 4% 6%
Germany 31% 47% 13% 5% 4%
Serbia 27% 39% 17% 13% 5%
Turkey 23% 43% 20% 8% 7%
United States 26% 38% 17% 15% 4%

Bosnia and
Herzegovina
12% 52% 21% 9% 7%
Russia 25% 35% 20% 14% 7%

North
Macedonia
8% 50% 21% 6% 15%
Croatia 12% 41% 26% 13% 8%
Bulgaria 6% 42% 23% 10% 20%
Albania 9% 32% 24% 27% 8%
Kosovo 10% 30% 24% 27% 10%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

82
2/6
2022 21% 58% 13% 4% 6%

China
2020 28% 40% 14% 8% 10%
2022 31% 47% 13% 5% 4%

Germany
2020 35% 40% 13% 6% 5%
2022 23% 43% 20% 8% 7%

Turkey
2020 29% 35% 17% 9% 10%
2022 26% 38% 17% 15% 4%

United States
2020 28% 30% 17% 19% 6%
2022 25% 35% 20% 14% 7%
Russia
2020 32% 32% 17% 12% 8%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

83
3/6
(Montenegro, favorable opinion*, by ethnic background)
79%
Montenegrin
84%
81% Serb
China
66% Albanian
58% Muslim
78% Bosniak
83% All respondents
67%
100%
Germany
81%
92%
78%
56%
91%
62%
Serbia
44%
52%
66%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
4/6
73%
42%
93%
Turkey
88%
83%
66%
75%
38%
93%
United States
72%
81%
64%
70%
54%
89%
Bosnia and Herzegovina
63%
64%
64%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Montenegrin Serb Albanian Muslim Bosniak All respondents
5/6
50%
91%
56%
Russia
28%
19%
60%
64%
53%
89%
North Macedonia
59%
42%
58%
67%
31%
93%
Croatia
46%
36%
53%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
6/6
53%
47%
86%
Bulgaria
35%
20%
48%
48%
20%
100%
Albania
57%
43%
41%
44%
24%
100%
Kosovo
57%
29%
40%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

1/5
(North Macedonia)
Turkey 44% 37% 12% 4% 3%
Germany 47% 33% 13% 4% 3%
Croatia 28% 47% 15% 4% 6%
Montenegro 17% 52% 20% 4% 7%
Serbia 34% 34% 18% 12% 3%

Bosnia and
Herzegovina
15% 49% 22% 6% 8%
United States 28% 33% 22% 13% 4%
China 20% 40% 18% 15% 7%
Russia 27% 32% 20% 15% 5%
Albania 19% 29% 26% 23% 4%
Kosovo 19% 24% 25% 28% 5%
Bulgaria 7% 18% 30% 42% 3%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

88
2/5
2022 44% 37% 12% 4% 3%

Turkey
2020 41% 43% 9% 4% 4%
2022 47% 33% 13% 4% 3%

Germany
2020 49% 38% 7% 4% 3%
2022 28% 33% 22% 13% 4%

United States
2020 35% 35% 15% 12% 4%
2022 20% 40% 18% 15% 7%

China
2020 15% 41% 20% 15% 9%
2022 27% 32% 20% 15% 5%
Russia
2020 22% 38% 17% 18% 5%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

89
3/5
(North Macedonia, favorable opinion*, by ethnic background)
78%
86%
Turkey
88%
81%
77%
88%
Germany
84%
80%
78%
70%
Croatia
71%
75%
74%
61%
Montenegro
66%
69%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Macedonian Albanian Other All respondents

4/5
85%
20%
Serbia
74%
68%
66%
57%
73%
64%
52%
80%
United States
71%
61%
73%
23%
China
68%
60%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
5/5
76%
15%
Russia
67%
59%
30%
86%
Albania
63%
48%
22%
86%
Kosovo
58%
43%
19%
30%
Bulgaria
49%
25%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

1/2
(Serbia)
Russia 58% 33% 5% 3% 2%
China 48% 36% 8% 5% 3%

North
Macedonia
19% 55% 15% 4% 7%
Bosnia and
Herzegovina
19% 50% 19% 8% 6%
Germany 15% 46% 22% 12% 4%
Bulgaria 10% 51% 19% 7% 13%
Turkey 13% 48% 22% 8% 10%
Montenegro 14% 42% 27% 12% 5%
Kosovo 17% 20% 21% 29% 13%
United States 6% 24% 27% 38% 5%
Croatia 4% 24% 35% 33% 4%
Albania 2% 18% 27% 47% 5%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

93
2/2
(Serbia, 2022 vs 2020)
2022 58% 33% 5% 3% 2%

Russia
2020 51% 36% 7% 3% 3%
2022 48% 36% 8% 5% 3%

China
2020 39% 46% 8% 3% 3%
2022 15% 46% 22% 12% 4%

Germany
2020 20% 43% 21% 13% 4%
2022 13% 48% 22% 8% 10%

Turkey
2020 9% 45% 25% 12% 8%
2022 6% 24% 27% 38% 5%
United States
2020 6% 23% 29% 37% 5%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

94
Political Threat
Which of these countries do you consider to be among the 1/2
most important political threat or threats for our country?
100%
13% 13% 17% 13% 13%
90%
26% 26% 27% 26% 26%
80%
70%
46%
60% 58%
60% 70% 71%
50% 48% 47%
59% 58%
60%
40%
30%
20% 41%
26% 26% 29%
10% 24%
15% 18% 16% 16%
13%
0%
2020 2022 2020 2022 2020 2022 2020 2022 2020 2022
Russia United States China Turkey Germany
Among the most important Not among most important Don't know/Refused to answer
95
Political Threat
(Bosnia and Herzegovina, among the most important, by ethnic background)
60%
6%
Russia
48%
41%
20%
45%
United States
33%
29%
32%
6% Bosniak
China
31% Serb
24% Croat
14% All respondents
19%
Turkey
32%
18%
14%
17%
Germany
27%
16%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%
96
Which of these countries do you consider to be among the most important
political threat or threats for our country?
(Kosovo, 2022 vs 2020)
100%
12% 8% 9% 11%
90% 17% 17% 16% 17% 18%
22%
80% 18%
70% 25%
28%
60%
43% 56% 72% 57% 74%
61% 73%
50%
40%
69%
30% 59%
54%
20%
34%
28% 26%
10% 20% 18% 21%
17%
0%
2020 2022 2020 2022 2020 2022 2020 2022 2020 2022
Russia China United States Germany Turkey
97
Political Threat
100%
12% 13% 13% 13% 12%
90% 19% 20% 22% 21% 21%
80%
70%
60%
51% 62% 62%
54%
50% 75% 77% 80%
62% 64% 68%
40%
30%
20%
30% 26% 26%
10% 24%
15% 12% 14% 12%
10% 8%
0%
2020 2022 2020 2022 2020 2022 2020 2022 2020 2022
United States Russia Turkey Germany China
98
Political Threat
(Montenegro, among the most important, by ethnic background)
18%
49%
4%
United States
15%
8%
26%
31%
7%
37%
Russia Montenegrin
38%
30% Serb
24%
Albanian
10%
19% Muslim
6%
Turkey Bosniak
5%
1% All respondents
12%
8%
16%
4%
Germany
3%
2%
10%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%
99
Political Threat
100%
17% 17% 18% 15% 16%
90% 23%
25% 27% 27% 28%
80%
70%
60% 49%
53%
42% 57% 64%
50% 53% 65%
63% 60% 58%

40%
30%
20%
33% 34% 30%
24% 25%
10% 20% 19%
11% 14% 14%
0%
2020 2022 2020 2022 2020 2022 2020 2022 2020 2022
United States Russia China Germany Turkey
100
Political Threat
(North Macedonia, among the most important, by ethnic background)
40%
25%
United States
22%
34%
23%
52%
Russia
16%
30%
20%
Macedonian
43%
China Albanian
14%
25% Other
21% All respondents
22%
Germany
15%
20%
18%
22%
Turkey
10%
19%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%
101
Which of these countries do you consider to be among the most important
political threat or threats for our country?
(Serbia, 2022 vs 2020)
100%
10% 11%
15% 15% 18% 16% 18% 15% 17%
90% 20%
80%
22% 23%
70%
60%
52% 53%
50% 64% 78% 77%
65% 76%
77%
40%
30% 62% 62%
20%
29% 31%
10% 18%
16% 12% 12%
9% 6%
0%
2020 2022 2020 2022 2020 2022 2020 2022 2020 2022
United States Germany Turkey China Russia
102
Political Influence
How would you evaluate the following countries’ political 1/3
influence in your country?
Serbia 25% 20% 6% 21% 24% 5%
Montenegro 11% 31% 27% 18% 7% 7%
Croatia 9% 28% 9% 30% 17% 6%
North
7% 28% 38% 13% 5% 9%
Macedonia
Bulgaria 5% 26% 37% 15% 7% 10%
Albania 7% 22% 33% 16% 13% 9%
Kosovo 7% 22% 32% 16% 14% 9%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Highly positive Somewhat positive No influence at all
Somewhat negative Highly negative Don't know/Refused to answer
103
Political Influence
(Bosnia and Herzegovina, negative influence*, by ethnic background)
57%
42%
Croatia
30%
47%
67%
3%
Serbia
53%
45% Bosniak
Serb
21%
Croat
47%
Kosovo All respondents
31%
30%
19%
49%
Albania
27%
29%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
*Negative influence refers to sum of answers Highly negative and Somewhat negative. 104
Political Influence
(Bosnia and Herzegovina, negative influence*, by ethnic background)
25%
22%
Montenegro
25%
24%
23%
20% Bosniak
Bulgaria Serb
25%
Croat
22% All respondents
18%
17%
North Macedonia
24%
18%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Political Influence
(Kosovo)
Albania 62% 22% 4% 4% 5% 4%
Croatia 26% 36% 5% 16% 11% 7%
North
9% 41% 6% 26% 12% 7%
Macedonia
Montenegro 5% 39% 7% 25% 17% 8%
Bosnia and
4% 27% 7% 30% 23% 9%
Herzegovina
Bulgaria 4% 26% 9% 27% 23% 11%
Serbia 6% 3% 3% 6% 77% 5%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
106
Political Influence
(Kosovo, negative influence*, by ethnic background)
91%
Serbia 23%
83%
57%
Bosnia and Herzegovina 27%
53%
53%
Bulgaria 25%
50%
43%
Albanian
Montenegro 36%
42% Serb
40% All respondents
North Macedonia 18%
38%
25%
Croatia 45%
27%
4%
Albania 58%
9%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
How would you evaluate the following countries’ political influence in your
country?
(Montenegro)
Serbia 21% 35% 6% 17% 14% 7%
Croatia 12% 34% 16% 20% 12% 7%
Bosnia and
7% 36% 24% 20% 5% 8%
Herzegovina
North
7% 35% 29% 15% 6% 9%
Macedonia
Bulgaria 5% 31% 31% 15% 6% 12%
Albania 9% 24% 17% 20% 22% 8%
Kosovo 6% 21% 19% 23% 22% 9%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
108
Political Influence
(North Macedonia)
Croatia 25% 41% 14% 12% 4% 5%
Serbia 28% 32% 7% 19% 9% 4%
Montenegro 15% 44% 19% 14% 3% 5%
Bosnia and
12% 42% 21% 17% 4% 5%
Herzegovina
Albania 18% 22% 6% 27% 24% 3%
Kosovo 17% 19% 6% 26% 27% 5%
Bulgaria 3% 16% 3% 29% 46% 3%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
109
Political Influence
(North Macedonia, negative influence*, by ethnic background)
82%
65%
Bulgaria
64%
75%
73%
9%
Kosovo
44%
53% Macedonian
Albanian
70%
Other
9%
Albania All respondents
39%
51%
12%
70%
Serbia
21%
28%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Political Influence
(North Macedonia, negative influence*, by ethnic background)
19%
27%
14%
20%
15%
23% Macedonian
Montenegro Albanian
19%
Other
17% All respondents
13%
21%
Croatia
20%
16%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
*Negative influence refers to sum of answers Highly negative and Somewhat negative.
111
How would you evaluate the following countries’ political influence in your
country?
(Serbia)
North
12% 40% 20% 12% 3% 13%
Macedonia
Bosnia and
12% 36% 13% 22% 7% 11%
Herzegovina
Bulgaria 6% 35% 24% 17% 5% 14%
Montenegro 7% 28% 10% 32% 14% 9%
Kosovo 6% 14% 7% 24% 35% 14%
Croatia 2% 10% 8% 36% 36% 8%
Albania 2% 9% 9% 25% 48% 8%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
112
Regional Leaders
Do you have a very unfavorable, somewhat unfavorable, 1/4
somewhat favorable or very favorable opinion of the
following world and regional leaders?
Recep Tayyip Erdogan 24% 35% 15% 7% 6% 13%
Joe Biden 21% 28% 17% 13% 7% 14%
Vladimir Putin 22% 21% 18% 24% 5% 10%
Aleksandar Vucic 19% 21% 17% 31% 4% 7%
Emmanuel Macron 6% 29% 18% 13% 15% 20%
Boris Johnson 9% 24% 16% 12% 20% 20%
Xi Jinping 7% 22% 14% 12% 25% 20%
Ursula von der Leyen 8% 20% 15% 9% 27% 21%
Milo Djukanovic 7% 20% 25% 21% 10% 16%
Zoran Zaev 7% 16% 14% 9% 31% 22%
Zdravko Krivokapic 6% 17% 18% 16% 24% 20%
Viktor Orban 6% 15% 16% 22% 21% 19%
Zoran Milanovic 6% 16% 23% 28% 11% 16%
Bakir Izetbegovic 8% 13% 25% 43% 3% 9%
Janez Jansa 4% 16% 18% 19% 23% 20%
Milorad Dodik 9% 11% 19% 52% 3% 7%
Albin Kurti 5% 15% 14% 15% 29% 22%
Dragan Covic 6% 12% 25% 42% 5% 10%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Very favorable Somewhat favorable Somewhat unfavorable
Very unfavorable Have not heard of him/her Don't know/Refused to answer
113
Do you have a very unfavorable, somewhat unfavorable, Regional Leaders
2/4
76%
40%
Recep Tayyip Erdogan
44%
59%
69%
15%
Joe Biden
47%
48%
23%
83%
Vladimir Putin
32%
43%
20%
84%
Aleksandar Vucic
27%
40% Bosniak
33% Serb
34% Croat
Emmanuel Macron
43% All respondents
35%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%
*Favorable opinion refers to sum of answers Highly favorable and Somewhat favorable. 114
3/4
42%
18%
Boris Johnson
34%
33%
18%
52%
Xi Jinping
18%
29%
32%
Bosniak
21%
Ursula von der Leyen Serb
30%
28% Croat
34% All respondents
15%
Milo Djukanovic
31%
27%
23%
21%
Zoran Zaev
28%
23%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%
4/4
15%
33%
Zdravko Krivokapic
29%
23%
14%
33%
Viktor Orban
29%
21% Bosniak
Serb
17%
Croat
23%
Zoran Milanovic All respondents
39%
22%
30%
7%
Bakir Izetbegovic
22%
21%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%
4/4
19%
21%
Janez Jansa
24%
20%
25%
6%
Albin Kurti
28%
20% Bosniak
Serb
9%
Croat
37%
Milorad Dodik All respondents
23%
20%
12%
20%
Dragan Covic
36%
18%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%
Do you have a very unfavorable, somewhat unfavorable, somewhat favorable
or very favorable opinion of the following world and regional leaders?
(Kosovo)
Joe Biden 65% 13% 3% 7% 5% 8%
Albin Kurti 40% 25% 15% 13% 2% 6%
Emmanuel Macron 20% 37% 10% 9% 10% 14%
Boris Johnson 38% 18% 4% 12% 14% 14%
Viktor Orban 6% 13% 12% 20% 31% 17%
Janez Jansa 7% 13% 12% 17% 33% 19%
Zoran Zaev 3% 14% 16% 30% 19% 18%
Milo Djukanovic 2% 14% 14% 33% 20% 17%
Vladimir Putin 8% 3% 5% 69% 6% 10%
Xi Jinping 4% 6% 8% 39% 27% 16%
Milorad Dodik 4% 5% 5% 43% 29% 14%
Zoran Milanovic 3% 3% 8% 37% 35% 15%
Dragan Covic 2% 3% 7% 35% 37% 16%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
118
(Montenegro)
Vladimir Putin 27% 29% 17% 16% 3% 9%
Xi Jinping 14% 41% 13% 4% 15% 14%
Joe Biden 18% 34% 16% 14% 6% 11%
Emmanuel Macron 12% 36% 17% 8% 12% 16%
Boris Johnson 10% 32% 16% 8% 20% 14%
Milo Djukanovic 25% 16% 18% 30% 2% 9%
Viktor Orban 8% 31% 16% 6% 24% 16%
Milorad Dodik 11% 27% 21% 22% 6% 13%
Zoran Milanovic 9% 27% 19% 11% 18% 16%
Zoran Zaev 6% 29% 14% 6% 27% 18%
Janez Jansa 7% 24% 15% 8% 29% 17%
Dragan Covic 7% 21% 17% 7% 32% 17%
Albin Kurti 7% 17% 18% 24% 19% 14%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
119
Regional Leaders
Do you have a very unfavorable, somewhat unfavorable, 1/5
(North Macedonia)
Vladimir Putin 34% 27% 15% 14% 5% 7%
Joe Biden 15% 33% 23% 13% 6% 10%
Janez Jansa 10% 27% 14% 6% 29% 14%
Zoran Zaev 13% 23% 23% 33% 1% 6%
Emmanuel Macron 9% 27% 24% 13% 15% 11%
Milo Djukanovic 8% 28% 15% 9% 27% 13%
Viktor Orban 10% 26% 17% 8% 25% 15%
Albin Kurti 19% 15% 16% 12% 26% 13%
Boris Johnson 7% 24% 16% 8% 27% 16%
Xi Jinping 12% 20% 13% 6% 35% 15%
Milorad Dodik 7% 20% 12% 8% 39% 15%
Zoran Milanovic 7% 18% 11% 7% 43% 14%
Dragan Covic 5% 15% 12% 6% 47% 15%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
120
2/5
65%
86%
Recep Tayyip Erdogan
82%
72%
80%
21%
Aleksandar Vucic
70%
64%
77%
21%
Vladimir Putin
58%
61%
40%
66%
Joe Biden Macedonian
57%
48% Albanian
44% Other
22% All respondents
Janez Jansa
31%
37%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%
3/5
29%
54%
Zoran Zaev
41%
36%
41%
26%
Emmanuel Macron
32%
36%
44%
Macedonian
18%
Milo Djukanovic Albanian
35%
36% Other
44% All respondents
16%
Viktor Orban
34%
36%
14%
84%
Albin Kurti
32%
34%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%
4/5
34%
24%
Boris Johnson
38%
31%
36%
21%
Xi Jinping
31%
32% Macedonian
Albanian
31%
Other
25%
Ursula von der Leyen All respondents
27%
29%
29%
26%
Bakir Izetbegovic
30%
28%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%
5/5
32%
17%
Milorad Dodik
23%
27%
29%
15%
Zoran Milanovic
26%
25% Macedonian
Albanian
22%
Other
17%
Zdravko Krivokapic All respondents
17%
20%
22%
13%
Dragan Covic
21%
20%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%
(Serbia)
Vladimir Putin 62% 26% 3% 2%1% 5%
Xi Jinping 37% 35% 7% 6% 5% 10%
Milorad Dodik 26% 34% 15% 14% 2% 10%
Viktor Orban 16% 28% 14% 9% 15% 18%
Emmanuel Macron 7% 29% 23% 15% 9% 17%
Zoran Zaev 6% 29% 14% 6% 20% 25%
Janez Jansa 4% 20% 15% 9% 28% 25%
Boris Johnson 3% 14% 20% 24% 17% 22%
Dragan Covic 2% 13% 14% 10% 36% 26%
Zoran Milanovic 2% 12% 21% 25% 20% 20%
Joe Biden 2% 12% 24% 42% 7% 13%
Milo Djukanovic 2% 8% 28% 52% 2% 9%
Albin Kurti 1% 5% 15% 59% 9% 11%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
125
What should our country’s foreign policy course be?
Bosnia and
42% 16% 17% 8% 5% 12%
Herzegovina
Kosovo 77% 4% 4% 4% 2% 8%
Montenegro 36% 10% 28% 10% 7% 8%
North
41% 11% 18% 10% 8% 12%
Macedonia
Serbia 6% 13% 38% 26% 10% 8%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Only pro- European Union and the West

Pro-Western but keep up relations with Russia
West and Russia equally
Pro-Russian but keep up relations with the European Union and the West
Only pro-Russian
Don't know/Refused to answer 126
(2022 vs 2020)
2022 42% 16% 17% 8% 5% 12%

Bosnia and
Herzegovina 2020 43% 12% 18% 11% 5% 11%
2022 77% 4% 4% 4% 2% 8%
Kosovo
2020 85% 3%3%1%
1% 8%
2022 36% 10% 28% 10% 7% 8%

Montenegro
2020 33% 11% 20% 11% 8% 16%
2022 41% 11% 18% 10% 8% 12%

North
Macedonia 2020 43% 14% 22% 9% 4% 9%
2022 6% 13% 38% 26% 10% 8%

Serbia
2020 11% 18% 36% 20% 8% 8%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Only pro-Russian
(Bosnia and Herzegovina, by ethnic background)
1%
Bosniak 58% 13% 9% 3% 15%
Serb 10% 16% 31% 20% 15% 9%
1%
Croat 52% 27% 12% 3% 6%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Only pro-Russian
Don't know/ Refused to answer 128
2% 1%
Albanian 84% 3% 2% 7%
Serbian 6% 15% 27% 20% 20% 13%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Only pro-Russian
(Montenegro, by ethnic background)
Montenegrin 46% 13% 27% 5% 1% 8%
Serb 4% 5% 40% 24% 22% 6%
Albanian 74% 6% 6% 6% 9%
Muslim 76% 13% 2% 10%
Bosniak 75% 10% 4% 11%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Only pro-Russian
(North Macedonia, by ethnic background)
Macedonian 30% 14% 24% 11% 12% 10%
Albanian 68% 4% 6% 7% 2% 13%
Other 39% 11% 18% 10% 2% 21%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Only pro-Russian
The Open Balkan Initiative is an agreement among North Macedonia, Serbia
and Albania that aims to enable the free movement of people, goods, services
and capital and cooperation for protection from catastrophes among the three
countries. Do you or do you not support the Open Balkan Initiative?
Bosnia and
30% 38% 12% 7% 12%
Herzegovina
Kosovo 16% 26% 13% 36% 10%
Montenegro 27% 39% 11% 9% 14%
North
28% 33% 21% 12% 6%
Macedonia
Serbia 33% 42% 8% 9% 8%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Completely support Somewhat support

Somewhat do not support Completely do not support
132
Entity
Federation of
30% 35% 13% 10% 12%
BIH
Republika
30% 45% 10% 3% 12%
Srpska
Ethnic background
Bosniak 27% 36% 15% 10% 12%
Serb 29% 46% 10% 3% 12%
Croat 42% 34% 12% 5% 7%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

133
Albanian 14% 26% 13% 37% 11%
Serb 37% 25% 4% 29% 5%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

134
Montenegrin 26% 36% 15% 12% 11%
Serb 28% 47% 10% 6% 9%
Albanian 32% 18% 14% 35%
Muslim 16% 59% 6% 20%
Bosniak 48% 21% 3% 1% 27%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Don't know/ Refused to answer
135
Macedonian 30% 36% 15% 15% 4%
Albanian 21% 21% 38% 10% 11%
Other 32% 44% 13% 4% 7%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Don’t know/ Refused to answer
136
Foreign Investment
Are you aware of any major Russian investments in our country?
(Montenegro and Serbia, 2022 vs 2020)
100%
14% 10%
90% 17%
27%
80%
70% 43%
40%
60%
50% 71%
54%
40%
30%
44% 47%
20%
10% 19% 15%

0%
2020 2022 2020 2022
Montenegro Serbia
Yes No Don't know/Refused to answer
138
Which major Russian investment are you aware of?
(Montenegro and Serbia, those who are aware of major Russian investments; spontaneous
response; multiple responses permitted)
Montenegro Serbia
Major Russian investment
(n=153) (n=711)
Gas pipeline construction 0% 39%
Weapons / Military Industry 0% 15%
1
NIS 0% 13%
Gazprom 0% 10%
Tourism (Hotels, resorts, investments on the coast) 48% 0%
Investing in health / assistance in the fight against Covid19 / vaccine 18% 3%
Railway 0% 8%
Economy / Production 10% 3%
Investments in energy in general 0% 3%
Infrastructure (roads, bridges) 0% 2%
Favorable gas price 0% 2%
Investments in the renovation of the church, monument 0% 2%
2
KAP 7% 0%
Buying real estate 6% 0%
Ruski most 2% 0%
*Other 5% 2%
Don't know/Refused to answer 14% 11%
*Responses receiving <1% are collapsed into Other.

1. Serbian Oil Industry 139
2. Aluminum Plant Podgorica
Which of the following statements best describes Russia’s motivations to invest
in our country?
(Montenegro and Serbia, 2022 vs 2020)
2022 28% 28% 20% 24%
Montenegro
2020 30% 20% 13% 37%
2022 43% 39% 8% 11%
Serbia
2020 38% 38% 13% 11%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Russian investment is primarily about economics, delivering benefits to both sides
Russian investment gives some economic benefits to our country, but it always carries certain political
expectations and conditions
Russian investment is primarily about influence and control of our country
140
Are you aware of any major Chinese investments in our country?
(2022 vs 2020)
2022 21% 68% 12%

Bosnia and
Herzegovina
2020 13% 64% 23%
2022 2% 85% 12%

Kosovo
2020 1% 84% 15%
2022 32% 55% 13%

Montenegro
2020 37% 38% 25%
2022 14% 74% 13%

North
Macedonia 2020 18% 63% 19%
2022 60% 30% 10%
Serbia 2020 51% 35% 14%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

141
Which major Chinese investment are you aware of?
(Among those who are aware of major Chinese investments; spontaneous response; multiple responses permitted)
Bosnia and North
Kosovo Montenegro Serbia
Major Chinese investment Herzegovina Macedonia
(n=35) (n=320) (n=895)
(n=307) (n=202)
Investments in infrastructure (roads,
bridges) 35% 0% 2% 59% 36%
Bar Boljari Highway 0% 0% 84% 0% 0%
Industry (factories open) 2% 0% 0% 3% 18%
Smederevo Ironworks 0% 0% 0% 0% 16%
Investing in health and education 5% 0% 7% 21% 9%
RTB Bor 0% 0% 0% 0% 16%
Reconstruction of the Railway 1% 0% 0% 0% 9%
Lingong Tire Factory 0% 0% 0% 0% 8%
Investments in the energy sector
unspecified 14% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Tuzla Thermal Power Plant (block 7) 14% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Stanari Thermal Power Plant 13% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Mining / construction 0% 0% 0% 0% 3%
Economy / Banking / Trade 3% 0% 0% 3% 1%
Banja Luka Prijedor Novigrad Highway 4% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Highway Corridor Vc / Highway through
Sarajevo 4% 0% 0% 0% 0%
*Other 1% 15% 1% 2% <1%
Don't know/Refused to answer 12% 85% 6% 12% 10%

Which of the following statements best describes China’s motivations to invest
in our country?
(2022 vs 2020)
2022 33% 36% 15% 16%

Bosnia and
Herzegovina 2020 23% 28% 15% 35%
2022 13% 26% 22% 40%

Kosovo
2020 7% 17% 13% 63%
2022 32% 33% 12% 23%

Montenegro
2020 35% 22% 7% 36%
2022 37% 30% 13% 21%

North
Macedonia 2020 36% 19% 11% 35%
2022 47% 35% 9% 9%

Serbia
2020 49% 32% 8% 11%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Chinese investment is primarily about economics, delivering benefits to both sides
Chinese investment gives some economic benefits to our country, but it always carries certain political
expectations and conditions
Chinese investment is primarily about influence and control of our country
143
Security Issues
How would you evaluate the security situation in the country?
(2022 vs 2020)
2022 48% 50% 2%

Bosnia and
2022 77% 21% 1%

Kosovo
2020 64% 27% 9%
2022 60% 38% 3%

Montenegro
2020 44% 46% 10%
2022 51% 49% 1%

North
Macedonia 2020 40% 55% 5%
2022 75% 21% 4%

Serbia
2020 59% 33% 8%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Satisfactory* Unsatisfactory** Don't know/Refused to answer

*Satisfactory refers to sum of answers Very satisfactory and Somewhat satisfactory.
**Unsatisfactory refers to sum of answers Somewhat unsatisfactory and Very 145
unsatisfactory.
All
9% 39% 33% 17% 2%
respondents
Ethnic background
Bosniak 6% 35% 36% 22% 1%
Serb 10% 54% 26% 9% 2%
Croat 17% 28% 35% 18% 3%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Very satisfactory Somewhat satisfactory Somewhat unsatisfactory
Very unsatisfactory Don't know/ Refused to answer
146
All
16% 61% 14% 7% 1%
respondents
Ethnic background
Albanian 17% 65% 14% 3% 1%
Serb 9% 18% 22% 49% 3%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
147
All
9% 51% 24% 14% 3%
respondents
Ethnic background
Montenegrin 8% 48% 26% 17% 2%
Serb 9% 52% 27% 10% 2%
Albanian 12% 54% 15% 19%
Muslim 4% 50% 35% 5% 6%
Bosniak 9% 72% 5% 4% 9%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
148
All
9% 42% 30% 18% 1%
respondents
Ethnic background
Macedonian 11% 47% 24% 17% 1%
Albanian 5% 22% 46% 27% <1%
Other 8% 55% 31% 7%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

149
To what extent is nationalism a problem in our country?
Bosnia and
11% 26% 32% 29% 2%
Herzegovina
Kosovo 13% 29% 42% 9% 7%
Montenegro 8% 18% 40% 31% 4%
North
11% 26% 41% 19% 3%
Macedonia
Serbia 23% 30% 33% 8% 6%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Not a problem at all Small problem Somewhat of a problem Big problem Don't know/Refused to answer
150
To what extent is nationalism a problem in our country?
All
13% 29% 42% 9% 7%
respondents
Ethnic background
Albanian 14% 30% 44% 5% 7%
Serb 4% 18% 26% 49% 2%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Not a problem at all Small problem Somewhat of a problem Big problem Don't know/Refused to answer
151
Who would you say is most responsible for existing tensions between different
ethnic groups?
(All countries, spontaneous response; multiple responses permitted)
75%
35%
Political parties/leaders 69%
60%
40%
25%
27%
Media 18%
24%
32%
19%
24%
Foreign powers 16%
22%
39%
11%
34%
Other ethnic groups 14%
20%
18%
8% Bosnia and Herzegovina
6%
Religious communities 17% Kosovo
13%
7%
Montenegro
3%
11% North Macedonia
No tensions 4%
8%
11% Serbia
1%
3%
Other <1%
2%
1%
5%
11%
Don’t know/Refused 5%
4%
7%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 152 80%

Who would you say is most responsible for existing tensions between different
ethnic groups?
(Kosovo,spontaneous response, multiple responses permitted, by ethnic
background)
34%
Political parties/leaders 52%
35%
36%
Other ethnic groups 27%
34%
26%
Media 39%
27%
22%
Foreign powers 55%
24% Albanian
Serb
6%
Religious communities 10% All respondents
6%
3%
Other
3%
12%
No tensions 5%
11%
11%
Don’t know/Refused to answer
11%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%

153
How would you rate the level of intensity of tension between different ethnic
groups in your country?
Bosnia and
12% 31% 30% 15% 8% 4%
Herzegovina
Kosovo 21% 41% 17% 5% 4% 12%
Montenegro 9% 28% 25% 21% 12% 6%
North
12% 34% 33% 10% 6% 5%
Macedonia
Serbia 18% 37% 29% 9% 2% 6%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
No tension Little tension Some tension Strong tension Very strong tension Don't know/Refused to answer
154
groups in your country?
All
12% 31% 30% 15% 8% 4%
respondents
Ethnic background
Bosniak 11% 25% 34% 18% 9% 4%
Serb 12% 45% 29% 9% 3% 3%
Croat 12% 29% 23% 18% 12% 6%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
155
groups in the Western Balkans?
Bosnia and
12% 33% 28% 14% 8% 6%
Herzegovina
Kosovo 20% 35% 19% 6% 4% 16%
Montenegro 9% 20% 28% 19% 9% 14%
North
11% 26% 34% 15% 6% 8%
Macedonia
Serbia 8% 23% 37% 18% 6% 8%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
156
What is the likelihood of an armed conflict in your country in the near future?
Bosnia and
6% 21% 30% 36% 7%
Herzegovina
Kosovo 5% 27% 24% 29% 16%
Montenegro 3% 13% 21% 54% 10%
North
5% 21% 26% 37% 11%
Macedonia
Serbia 2% 13% 28% 38% 19%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Very likely Somewhat likely Somewhat unlikely Very unlikely Don't know/Refused to answer
157
All
6% 21% 30% 36% 7%
respondents
Entity
Federation of
8% 27% 27% 31% 8%
BIH
Republika
2% 12% 36% 45% 5%
Srpska
Ethnic background
Bosniak 8% 25% 30% 31% 7%
Serb 1% 13% 35% 45% 6%
Croat 8% 24% 23% 37% 8%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
158
(Montenegro, by ethnic background and age)
All
3% 13% 21% 54% 10%
respondents
Ethnic background
Montenegrin 3% 14% 20% 55% 8%
Serb 3% 14% 24% 53% 7%
Muslim 2% 11% 71% 16%
Bosniak 1% 2% 22% 50% 25%
Age
18-35 3% 18% 20% 52% 8%
36-55 3% 10% 23% 54% 10%
56+ 2% 10% 20% 57% 12%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
159
What do you think is the likelihood of the international community’s
intervention in case of an armed conflict in the country?
(Among those who think an armed conflict is likely to happen)
100%
4%
9% 4% 10% 8% 10%
90% 6%
10% 10% 5%
13%
80%
18%
16% 23% 8%
70%
60%
50%
70% 47%
42% 49%
40%
49%
30%
20%
10% 23% 22%

18%
12% 13%
0%
Bosnia and Kosovo (n=487) Montenegro (n=154) North Macedonia Serbia (n=223)
Herzegovina (n=405) (n=382)
160
Why do you think an armed conflict in the country is unlikely to happen?
(Among those who think an armed conflict is unlikely to happen, spontaneous response, multiple
responses permitted)
49%
46%
The international community would not allow it 79%
47%
49%
30%
47%
57%
Citizens would refuse to fight a new war 35%
49%
50%
45%
31%
20%
The political leaders would never start a new conflict 31%
24%
30%
49%
3%
2%
<1% All respondents
Other 2%
2% Bosnia and Herzegovina (n=994)
5%
Kosovo (n=798)
4%
4% Montenegro (n=757)
Don't know/ 3% North Macedonia (n=930)
6% Serbia (n=993)
5%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%

Why do you think an armed conflict in the country is unlikely
to happen?
(Bosnia and Herzegovina, Among those who think an armed conflict is unlikely to happen,
spontaneous response, multiple responses permitted, by entity)
44%
Citizens would refuse to fight a new war 72%
57%
50%
The international community would not allow it 41%
46%
24%
Federation of BIH (n=550)
The political leaders would never start a new conflict 15%
Republika Srpska (n=444)
20%
All respondents (n=994)
2%
Other 3%
2%
3%
Don't know/ Refused to answer 4%
4%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%

Why do you think an armed conflict in the country is unlikely
to happen?
(Bosnia and Herzegovina, among those who think an armed conflict is unlikely to happen,
spontaneous response, multiple responses permitted, by ethnic background)
43%
75%
Citizens would refuse to fight a new war
51%
57%
53%
37%
The international community would not allow it
45%
46%
21% Bosniak (n=460)

17%
The political leaders would never start a new conflict Serb (n=370)
26%
20% Croat (n=138)
2%
4%
Other
2%
3%
5%
3%
4%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%

Why do you think an armed conflict in the country is unlikely to happen?
(North Macedonia, among those who think an armed conflict is unlikely to happen, spontaneous
response, multiple responses permitted, by ethnic background)
40%
74%
Citizens would refuse to fight a new war
38%
50%
52%
46%
The international community would not allow it
44%
49%
40% Macedonian (n=574)

10%
The political leaders would never start a new conflict Albanian (n=258)
22%
30% Other (n=98)
3%
Other
3%
2%
5%
6%
17%
6%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%

NATO Integration
In your opinion, our country’s future is best served by having what kind of
relationship with NATO?
(2022 vs 2020)
2022 51% 19% 10% 14% 6%
Bosnia and
Herzegovina 2020 48% 15% 12% 20% 6%
2022 75% 9% 5% 6% 5%
Kosovo
2020 88% 3%2%4% 4%
2022 41% 18% 15% 20% 7%

Montenegro
2020 33% 19% 14% 25% 9%
2022 49% 15% 13% 15% 7%

North
Macedonia 2020 59% 18% 8% 10% 5%
2022 3% 20% 26% 46% 5%
Serbia
2020 5% 20% 23% 48% 4%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Full membership Closer cooperation but not membership
More communication but no cooperation No relationship at all


All
51% 19% 10% 14% 6%
respondents
Entity
Federation of
72% 15% 6% 2% 5%
BIH
Republika
16% 26% 17% 33% 8%
Srpska
Ethnic background
Bosniak 69% 17% 6% 2% 5%
Serb 8% 27% 19% 38% 7%
Croat 77% 10% 3% 4% 6%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
167
All
75% 9% 5% 6% 5%
respondents
Ethnic background
Albanian 82% 8% 4% 2% 4%
Serb 7% 13% 15% 56% 8%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
168
All
41% 18% 15% 20% 7%
respondents
Ethnic background
Montenegrin 53% 20% 12% 9% 6%
Serb 7% 23% 23% 44% 4%
Albanian 74% 7% 10% 9%
Muslim 69% 12% 3% 16%
Bosniak 84% 8% 2% 5% 2%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
169
Has NATO membership been positive or negative for our country?
(North Macedonia and Montenegro)
North Macedonia 34% 32% 15% 12% 6%
Montenegro 31% 24% 20% 19% 6%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Very positive Somewhat positive Somewhat negative Very negative Don't know/Refused to answer
170
All
31% 24% 20% 19% 6%
respondents
Ethnic background
Montenegrin 43% 29% 16% 7% 5%
Serb 2% 14% 34% 45% 5%
Albanian 45% 41% 6% 9%
Muslim 54% 19% 5% 22%
Bosniak 63% 25% 8% 2% 2%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Very positive Somewhat positive Somewhat negative Very negative Don't know/ Refused to answer
171
All
34% 32% 15% 12% 6%
respondents
Ethnic background
Macedonian 21% 35% 19% 17% 8%
Albanian 67% 22% 6% 2% 3%
Other 36% 41% 13% 4% 7%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Very positive Somewhat positive Somewhat negative Very negative Don't know/ Refused to answer
172
How do you view the role of NATO in the world?
(2022 vs 2020)
2022 34% 31% 12% 17% 6%

Bosnia and
Herzegovina
2020 41% 16% 14% 23% 6%
2022 64% 24% 4% 5% 3%

Kosovo
2020 85% 7% 2% 5% 2%
2022 27% 26% 20% 19% 8%

Montenegro
2020 22% 24% 17% 27% 11%
2022 33% 31% 17% 12% 8%

North
Macedonia 2020 33% 33% 17% 10% 7%
2022 2% 7% 24% 61% 6%
Serbia 2020 3% 8% 23% 60% 7%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Mostly positive Somewhat positive Somewhat negative Mostly negative Don't know/Refused to answer
173
EU Integration
If a referendum were held today on our country joining the European Union,
how would you vote?
(2022 vs 2020)
2022 76% 11% 7% 6%

Bosnia and
Herzegovina
2020 76% 11% 7% 5%
2022 85% 7% 4% 5%
Kosovo
2020 93% 3%2% 2%
2022 71% 11% 12% 6%

Montenegro
2020 63% 18% 11% 8%
2022 66% 13% 14% 7%

North
Macedonia 2020 74% 10% 10% 6%
2022 44% 30% 14% 11%
Serbia
2020 50% 28% 13% 8%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Would vote to join the EU Woud vote against joining the EU Would not vote Don't know/Refused to answer
175
how would you vote?
(Bosnia and Herzegovina, by entity)
All
76% 11% 7% 6%
respondents
Entity
Federation of
87% 2% 6% 5%
BIH
Republika
57% 26% 8% 8%
Srpska
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Would vote to join the EU Would vote against joining the EU Would not vote Don't know/Refused to answer
176
how would you vote?
All
85% 7% 4% 5%
respondents
Ethnic background
Albanian 90% 4% 3% 4%
Serb 36% 38% 18% 7%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Would vote to join the EU Would vote against joining the EU Would not vote Don't know/Refused to answer
177
how would you vote?
All
71% 11% 12% 6%
respondents
Ethnic background
Montenegrin 79% 8% 8% 5%
Serb 53% 21% 18% 8%
Albanian 87% 7% 6%
Muslim 82% 6% 3% 8%
Bosniak 95% 3%1%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Would vote to join the EU Would vote against joining the EU Would not vote Don't know/ Refused to answer
178
how would you vote?
All
66% 13% 14% 7%
respondents
Ethnic background
Macedonian 57% 17% 19% 8%
Albanian 83% 6% 5% 5%
Other 75% 10% 10% 5%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Would vote to join the EU Would vote against joining the EU Would not vote Don't know/ Refused to answer
179
Is the European Union serious in its intention to offer membership to Western
Balkan countries?
Bosnia and
44% 37% 20%
Herzegovina
Kosovo 57% 31% 13%
Montenegro 54% 26% 21%
North
42% 44% 14%
Macedonia
Serbia 27% 50% 23%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

180
Balkan countries?
All
54% 26% 21%
respondents
Ethnic background
Montenegrin 63% 23% 14%
Serb 36% 38% 26%
Albanian 72% 7% 21%
Muslim 66% 2% 32%
Bosniak 51% 5% 44%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Yes No Don't know/ Refused to answer

181
Balkan countries?
All
42% 44% 14%
respondents
Ethnic background
Macedonian 31% 56% 13%
Other 57% 33% 10%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Yes No Don't know/ Refused to answer

182
Media Preferences
How interested or uninterested are you in political news and information?
(2022 vs 2020)
2022 11% 33% 25% 30% 1%

Bosnia and
Herzegovina
2020 8% 30% 26% 32% 5%
2022 12% 51% 21% 14% 2%

Kosovo
2020 28% 40% 14% 11% 7%
2022 12% 51% 20% 14% 3%

Montenegro
2020 17% 42% 20% 15% 7%
2022 9% 35% 33% 21% 2%

North
Macedonia 2020 12% 37% 26% 23% 2%
2022 12% 42% 28% 17% 1%
Serbia 2020 15% 40% 25% 20% 1%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Very interested Somewhat interested Somewhat uninterested Very uninterested Don't know/Refused to answer
184
Which media platform do you use most frequently to gain political news and
information?
(Bosnia and Herzegovina, first response, 2022 vs 2020)
52%
Television
57%
Internet (other than 22%

social media) 18%
18%
Social media
13%
2022
2%
Radio 2020
3%
2%
Print media
4%
Don't know/Refused to 3%
answer 5%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%
185
information?
(Kosovo, first response, 2022 vs 2020)
55%
Television
67%
21%
Social media
16%

social media) 11%
2022
3%
Print media 2020
1%
2%
Radio
<1%
answer 4%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%
186
information?
(Montenegro, first response, 2022 vs 2020)
51%
Television
63%

social media) 16%
15%
Social media
12%
2022
1%
Print media 2020
3%
1%
Radio
2%
answer
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%
187
information?
(North Macedonia, first response, 2022 vs 2020)
55%
Television
68%
21%
Social media
15%

social media) 11%
2022
2%
Print media 2020
2%
1%
Radio
2%
answer 2%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%
188
information?
(Serbia, first response, 2022 vs 2020)
57%
Television
62%

social media) 23%
11%
Social media
7%
2022
2%
Print media 2020
2%
1%
Radio
1%
answer 3%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%
189
Which specific media outlets, such a specific TV channel, radio station,
newspaper, website etc. do you consider most trustworthy for political
information?
(Bosnia and Herzegovina, spontaneous response, top ten responses, multiple
responses accepted, total mentions displayed)
BN TV 11%
N1 8%
FTV 8%
Hayat TV 6%
RTRS 5%
klix.ba 5%
Face TV 4%
Nova BiH 4%
ATV (Alternativna) 4%
Al Jazeera 4%
None 37%
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40%
190
information?
(Kosovo, spontaneous response, top ten responses, multiple responses accepted,
total mentions displayed)
RTK 36%
Ktv 31%
Rtv 21 29%
Klan Kosova 27%
TV Dukagjini 17%
Facebook 13%
T7 10%
Telegrafi.com 7%
A TV 7%
Gazeta Express 5%
None 10%
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40%
191
information?
(Montenegro, spontaneous response, top ten responses,multiple responses
accepted, total mentions displayed)
TV Vijesti 35%
TV CG 1 21%
Vijesti.me 14%
TV Prva 10%
TV NOVA M 7%
PINK M 6%
Cdm.me 6%
Local TV station 4%
Portalanalitika.me 3%
Facebook 2%
None 28%
Don't know/Refused to
6%
answer
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40%
192
information?
(North Macedonia, spontaneous response, top ten responses, multiple responses
Sitel 27%
Kanal 5 24%
Alsat M 14%
Telma 10%
Alfa 8%
24 Vesti 6%
MTV 4%
Tetove sot 2%
Facebook 2%
Almakos 2%
None 26%
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40%
193
information?
(Serbia, spontaneous response, top ten responses, multiple responses
RTS 31%
Pink TV 24%
TV PRVA 19%
Happy TV 10%
N1 9%
Nova S 5%
Blic.rs 4%
Facebook 4%
b92 TV 3%
Kurir.rs 2%
None 28%
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40%
194
Demographics
0%
100%
20%
40%
60%
80%
Women
Men
Gender
52% 49%
Age 18-29
20%
Age 30-44
Age
Age 45-59
Age 60+
26% 28% 26%

Urban
43%
Rural
57%
Urbanicity
Unsko-sanski kanton 7%
Tuzlanski kanton
Zenicko-dobojski kanton
13% 10%
7%
Srednjobosanski kanton
Demographics – Bosnia and Herzegovina
6%
Hercegovacko-neretvanski kanton
3%
Zapadno-hercegovacki kanton
Kanton Sarajevo
12%
Region
2%
Livanjski kanton
Sjever Republika Srpska

22%
Istok Republika Srpska

13%
Posavski kanton
Bosansko podrinjski kanton

1% <1% 2%
Distrikt Brcko
Bosniak
50%
Serb
31%
Croat
15%
196
Ethnicity
3%
Other
1%

0%
100%
20%
40%
60%
80%
Primary school or less
27%
Secondary school
58%
attainment
Educational
University or higher
15%
Employed in a paid job full-time
36%
1%
Employed in a paid job part-time
1%
Self-employed full-time
*Among those employed in a paid job full or part-time.

Self-employed part-time
<1%
Homemaker
13%
Retired
21%
Occupation
Unemployed, looking for a job
15%
5%
Unemployed, not looking for a job

6%
Student/pupil
Other
<1%
1%
Private
74%
State
24%
Non-Governmental Organization
<1%
(n=556)
None
197
<1%
*Employment sector
2%

100%
80%
60% 57%
51%
40% 37%
31%
21%
20% 15% 14% 14% 17%
9% 11%
5% 7% 6%
1% <1% <1% <1% 1% 1% 2%
0%
A few times per year

None
Other
Never
Other
Once a week
Catholic
Not very religious
Somewhat religious
Islam
Orthodox Christian
Atheist
Agnostic
Once a month
Very religious
Somewhat not religious
Every day
A few times a week

Religion *How often do you attend a religious service? *To what extent do you
(n=1500) consider yourself religious or
not? (n=1500)
*Those who declared not belonging to any religion were not asked this question. 198
0%
100%
20%
40%
60%
80%
I have trouble feeding myself and my
family and buying even the most
7%
essential things for survival
I have enough means for survival, but I

do not have enough money for extra
34%
things
I am able to afford a few extra things

43%
Economic situation
I am able to afford most things I want
13%

2%
Single
25%
Married
60%
Widowed
10%
What is your marital status?
Divorced
3%
199
Don't know/
1%
Refused to answer
0%
100%
20%
40%
60%
80%
Women
50%
Gender
Men
50%
Age 18-29
32%
Age 30-44
32%
Age
Age 45-59
21%
Demographics – Kosovo
Age 60+
15%
Urban
44%
Rural
Urbanicity
57%
North
15%
Northwest
20%
Prishtina
34%
Region
Southeast
14%
Southwest
18%
Albanian
89%
8%
Serb
Ethnicity
2%
Other
200
1%
Don’t/Refused to answer
0%
100%
20%
40%
60%
80%
32%
Secondary school
48%
attainment
Educational
20%
28%
5%
6%

5%
Homemaker
19%
Retired
10%
Occupation
15%
3%

8%
Student/pupil
Other
<1% 2%
Private
67%
State
32%
<1%
(n=499)
None
201
<1%
*Employment sector

<1%
0%
100%
20%
40%
60%
80%
8%
Orthodox Christian
2%
Catholic
Protestant
<1%
Islam
88%
Religion
Buddhist
<1%
Other Christian (non-orthodox)
None <1%
<1% 2%
Every day
10%
A few times a week

11%
*Those who declared not belonging to any religion were not asked this question.
Once a week
15%
9%
Once a month

23%
service? (n=1518)
Never
29%
*How often do you attend a religious

3%

4%
Not very religious

9%
Somewhat religious
60%
not? (n=1518)
202
Very religious
25%
*To what extent do you

2%

consider yourself religious or
0%
100%
20%
40%
60%
80%
7%

42%
things
I am able to afford a few extra things 36%

Economic situation
12%

4%
Single
29%
Married
63%
Widowed
5%
Divorced
1%
203
Don't know/
2%
Refused to answer
0%
100%
20%
40%
60%
80%
Women
51%
Gender
Men
49%
Age 18-29
23%
Age 30-44
27%
Age
Age 45-59
27%
Age 60+
23%
Demographics – Montenegro
Urban
65%
Rural
36%
Urbanicity
North
28%
Center
47%
Region
South
24%
Montenegrin
48%
Serb
29%
6%
Bosniak
6%
Muslim
Ethnicity
4%
Albanian
2%
Other
204
6%

0%
100%
20%
40%
60%
80%
21%
Secondary school
61%
attainment
Educational
18%
43%
2%
Self-employed full-time 5%

2%
8%
Homemaker
Retired
21%
Occupation
13%
3%

4%
Student/pupil
Other
<1%

<1%
Private
65%
State
34%
(n=451)
1%
205
*Employment sector
None
<1%
0%
100%
20%
40%
60%
80%
Orthodox Christian
76%
3%
Catholic
Islam
18%
Religion
Atheist
<1% 3%
2%
Every day
5%
A few times a week
8%
Once a week
Once a month
14%

47%
Never
18%
Other
<1%
How often do you attend a religious service?

5%
Not very religious

8% 10%
Somewhat religious
52%
Very religious
26%
206
yourself religious or not?
5%

To what extent do you consider
0%
100%
20%
40%
60%
80%
13%

41%
things

34%
Economic situation

8%

5%
Single
31%
Married
53%
Widowed
11%
Divorced
5%
207
Don't know/
<1%
Refused to answer
Demographics – North Macedonia
100%
80%
63%
60%
60%
50% 50%
40%
40%
28% 29%
26% 24% 26%
22%
20% 16%
13% 11%
8% 10% 8% 9%
7%
0%
Rural
Southeast
Northeast
Other
Macedonian
Age 60+
Pelagonia
Polog
Urban
Men
Age 18-29
Age 30-44
Age 45-59
Skopje
Women
Albanian
Southwest
Vardar
East
Gender Age Urbanicity Region Ethnicity
208
0%
100%
20%
40%
60%
80%
30%
Secondary school
52%
attainment
Educational
18%
38%
2%
4%

1%
Homemaker
11%
Retired
19%
Occupation
15%
2%

6%
Student/pupil
2%
Other

<1%
Private
67%
State
32%
<1%
(n=591)
None
209
<1%
*Employment sector

<1%
0%
100%
20%
40%
60%
80%
Orthodox Christian
63%
Catholic
<1%
Protestant
<1%
Islam
36%
Religion
<1%
Atheist
<1%
Other
<1%

<1%
Every day
10%
8%
A few times a week
Once a week
10%
Once a month
14%

46%
Never
10%
Other
<1%
1%

How often do you attend a religious service?
8%
Not very religious

9%
Somewhat religious
50%
not?
210
Very religious
33%
To what extent do you

1%

consider yourself religious or
0%
100%
20%
40%
60%
80%
15%

50%
things

27%
Economic situation
5%

3%
Single
23%
Married
61%
Widowed
12%
Divorced
4%
211
Don't know/
<1%
Refused to answer
0%
100%
20%
40%
60%
80%
Women
52%
Gender
Men
48%
Age 18-29
18%
Age 30-44
26%
Age
Age 45-59
26%
Demographics – Serbia
Age 60+
31%
Urban
59%
Rural
42%
Urbanicity
Vojvodina
26%
Beograd
24%
West
11%
Region
Sumadija
18%
9%
East
South
13%
Serb
85%
2%
Hungarian
2%
Muslim/Bosniak
Ethnicity
8%
Other
212
1%

0%
100%
20%
40%
60%
80%
25%
Secondary school
58%
attainment
Educational
17%
Employed in a paid job full-time 44%
6%
Self-employed full-time 4%

1%
6%
Homemaker
Retired
24%
Occupation
7%

1%

6%
Student/pupil
1%
Other

<1%
Private
78%
State
21%
(n=741)
None
<1%
213
*Employment sector

<1%
0%
100%
20%
40%
60%
80%
Orthodox Christian
87%
5%
Catholic
1%
Protestant
3%
Islam
<1%
Religion
1%
Atheist
3%
None
Other
<1%
1%
Every day
A few times a week

<1% <1%
*Those who declared not belonging to any religion were not asked this question.
6%
Once a week
Once a month
13%

63%
service? (n=1460) Never

14%
Other
<1%
*How often do you attend a religious

3%

9%
Not very religious

9%
Somewhat religious
60%
214
Very religious
22%
or not? (n=1460)
*To what extent do you
2%

consider yourself religious
0%
100%
20%
40%
60%
80%
6%

36%
things

43%
Economic situation
13%

3%
Single
27%
Married
53%
Widowed
12%
Divorced
6%
215
Don't know/
2%
Refused to answer
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2022 WESTERN BALKANS

Country Fieldwork Dates Response Rate Margin of Error

Kosovo January 17th – February 20th, 2022 39% ±2.9

Montenegro January 3rd – February 10th, 2022 35% ±3.5

North Macedonia January 17th - February 18th, 2022 34% ±2.9

Serbia January 4th – February 15th, 2022 33% ±2.9

Disaggregate Category Base

Disaggregate Category Base

Federation of BIH n = 952

Disaggregate Category Base

Montenegro – Age 36-55 n = 381

Primary or less n = 211

Montenegro - Education Secondary n = 641

University or higher n = 157

Disaggregate Category Base

Montenegro – Region Center n = 478

North Macedonia - Ethnic Groups Albanian n = 385

Disaggregate Category Base

Serbia – Age 36-55 n = 523

Primary or less n = 374

Serbia - Education Secondary n = 869

University or higher n = 261

South / East n = 325

Montenegro February 2 – February 28, 2020 n = 966

North Macedonia February 15 – March 4, 2020 n = 1,472

Serbia February 10 - March 6, 2020 n = 1,481

About the Center for Insights In Survey Research (CISR)

← For more of IRI’s public opinion research, see CISR’s content. 9

2022 11% 85% 5%

2022 42% 55% 3%

2022 45% 45% 9%

2022 22% 75% 2%

2022 57% 33% 9%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

In the right direction In the wrong direction Don't know/Refused to answer

All respondents 11% 85% 5%

Republika Srpska 14% 82% 4%

Serb 15% 81% 5%

Croat 14% 77% 9%

In the right direction In the wrong direction Don't know/Refused to answer

All respondents 42% 55% 3%

Albanian 44% 54% 2%

Serb 25% 68% 7%

In the right direction In the wrong direction Don't know/Refused to answer

All respondents 45% 45% 9%

Secondary 49% 42% 9%

University 46% 50% 5%

Serb 63% 31% 6%

Albanian 40% 47% 14%

Muslim 25% 50% 25%

Bosniak 15% 64% 21%

2022 13% 84% 3%

2022 57% 40% 4%

2022 31% 64% 5%

2022 18% 80% 2%

2022 45% 47% 9%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%