When RT is used to suppress or control malignant cells, both

diseased and normal tissues are harmed. A perceived therapeutic

benefit from RT occurs when more radiation can be
administered to malignant tissues than to healthy tissue. Not
only would this minimise normal tissue difficulties, but it will
also enable us to give an increased dose to malignant tissues
[5.1]. The advent of modern radiotherapy techniques such as
IMRT and VMAT has rekindled interest in dose escalation for
cancer treatment. IMRT is accomplished by sequentially
delivering multiple tiny intensity modulated beams
isocentrically, which results in the creation of conformal dosage
around the target region [5.2]. However, in VMAT, radiation is
delivered to the entire tumour in a single 360° arc rotation, and
dose conformity around the target is achieved by varying the
gantry rotation speed, dose rate, and MLC locations
simultaneously. Both IMRT and VMAT employ a significant
number of TPS-provided beam optimization parameters to
achieve the target dose. To transform the patient's treatment
goals into precise beam intensities and directions for execution
of the planned treatment, the optimizer engine employs many
optimization parameters. These parameters are only effective
when used in conjunction with a computer-based TPS. The
entire computer-based optimization process is iterative in nature.
Numerous algorithms linked with these optimization processes
enable the planner to attain a millimeter-resolution 3D dose
distribution. Today's algorithms are highly intricate in their
operation, and some advanced algorithms even contain
biological optimization parameters for dose optimization. The
clinical result of RT is contingent upon the accuracy of these
DCA in TPS [5.1-5.2]. Before any algorithm is implemented in
clinical practise, its accuracy must be confirmed using
dosimetric phantom measurements [5.3]. The ideal DCA should
flawlessly match the real dosage distribution within the patient,
allowing for a low degree of ambiguity in evaluating treatment
options. The accuracy of any DCA is contingent upon how
precisely it instils the heterogeneities of the media into its
mathematical formulation. Different techniques based on
heterogeneity corrections have inherent limitations in terms of
dosage prediction within an inhomogeneous medium. Thus, the
current portion of this thesis examined the accuracy of three
commonly used treatment planning algorithms, namely PBC,
AAA, and AXB, utilising HTP.
When radiotherapy is used to reduce or control malignant cells,
both diseased and normal tissues are harmed. A therapeutic
benefit from RT is obvious when more radiation can be
administered to malignant tissues than to healthy tissue. Not
only will this minimise normal tissue difficulties, but it will also
allow us to give an increased dose to malignant tissues [5.1].
The advent of modern radiotherapy techniques such as IMRT
and VMAT has reignited interest in dose escalation for cancer
treatment. IMRT is accomplished by sequentially delivering
numerous tiny beams, often intensity modulated, which results
in the creation of conformal dosage around the target region
[5.2]. However, in VMAT, radiation is delivered to the entire
tumour in a single 360° degree arc rotation, and dose conformity
around the target is achieved by varying the gantry rotation
speed, dose rate, and MLC locations simultaneously. Both
IMRT and VMAT make use of a wide number of TPS-provided
beam optimization parameters to achieve the target dose. To
transform the patient's treatment goals into precise beam
intensities and directions for execution, the optimizer engine
employs many optimization parameters. These parameters are
beneficial only when used in conjunction with a computer-based
TPS. The entire computer-based optimization procedure is
iterative in nature. Numerous algorithms linked with these
optimization processes enable the planner to obtain the
appropriate millimeter-resolution 3D dosage distribution.
Today's algorithms are highly intricate in their operation, and
some advanced algorithms even incorporate biological
optimization parameters for dose optimization. The therapeutic
success of RT treatment is contingent upon the accuracy of these
DCA in TPS [5.1-5.2]. Before any method is implemented in
clinical practise, its accuracy must be tested against dosimetric
phantom measurements [5.3]. The ideal DCA should flawlessly
match the real dose distribution inside the patient, allowing for a
low degree of ambiguity in evaluating treatment options. The
precision of any DCA is determined by how well it incorporates
the heterogeneities of the medium into its mathematical
formulation. Different algorithms based on heterogeneity
corrections have their own limits when it comes to dosage
prediction in an inhomogeneous medium. Thus, the current
portion of this thesis examined the accuracy of three widely used
treatment planning algorithms, namely PBC, AAA, and AXB,
utilising HTP.
The use of RT to inhibit or control malignant cells causes
damage to both diseased and normal tissues. When more
radiation can be administered to malignant tissues than to
healthy tissues, there will be an apparent therapeutic gain from
RT. It will not only lessen normal tissue complications, but it
will also allow us to give a higher dose to malignant tissues
[5.1]. The emergence of sophisticated RT techniques like IMRT
and VMAT has rekindled interest in dose escalation for cancer
treatment. The successive isocentric administration of multiple
tiny beams, often intensity modulated, results in the creation of
conformal dosage around the target region [5.2]. However, in
VMAT, radiation is delivered to the entire tumour in a single
360° arc rotation, and dose conformity around the target is
achieved by varying the gantry rotation speed, dose rate, and
MLC placements at the same time. To provide the appropriate
dose, both IMRT and VMAT use a vast number of beam
optimization parameters provided by TPS. The optimizer engine
works on multiple optimization parameters to generate the
correct beam intensities and directions for execution of the
planned treatment in order to convert the treatment goals of the
patient plan. These parameters can only be used efficiently with
computer-based TPS. The entire computer-based optimization
method employs a variety of iterative optimization steps.
Several techniques linked with this optimization process enable
the planner to obtain the desired 3D dose distribution with
millimetre resolution. Today's algorithms are highly intricate in
terms of their operation, and some high-end algorithms even
integrate biological optimization factors for dose optimization.
The accuracy of these DCA performed in TPS determines the
clinical result of RT treatment [5.1-5.2]. Any algorithm's
accuracy must be tested against readings in the dosimetric
phantom before it is used in clinical practise [5.3]. To evaluate
treatment plans with minimal ambiguity, the ideal DCA should
completely match the real dose distribution within the patient.
The accuracy of any DCA is determined by how well it
incorporates the heterogeneities of the given media into its
mathematical formulation. Different techniques based on
heterogeneity corrections have different constraints in dosage
prediction within an inhomogeneous medium. In section (A), the
current part of this thesis studied the accuracy of three
commonly used treatment planning algorithms, namely PBC,
AAA, and AXB, utilising HTP.