Evidence of Plate

Movement, and Types

of Plate Boundaries
SCIENCE 7, TINDALO, APRIL 6, 2021
Lesson enumerate the different pieces of
evidence of plate movement
Objectives describe each type of tectonic
plate boundary

differentiate the three types of

convergent plate boundaries

explain the effect of the movement of

different boundaries on the features on
the surface of the earth
Crossword x Riddles

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All About Plate Tectonics!
All About Plate Tectonics!
 Early Evidences Supporting
Plate Movement
Similar rock Presence of the
samples from same fossils in
different mountain continents with
ranges different climates Ancient climate
Apparent match of
does not match the
continental
present climate in
coastlines
some continents
insert animation here
LAS 9. Evidences that support Plate Tectonics Theory Part 1

Examine the map carefully...

LAS 9. Evidences that support Plate Tectonics Theory Part 1

The coastlines of the east side of North and South America,

roughly fit to the west side of Europe and Africa!
 Early Evidences Supporting
Plate Movement
Similar rock Presence of the
samples from same fossils in
different mountain continents with
ranges different climates Ancient climate
Apparent match of
does not match the
continental
present climate in
coastlines
some continents
LAS 9. Evidences that support Plate Tectonics Theory Part 1

The Appalachian Mountain

Range in North America is
parallel to the Caledonian
Mountain Range
LAS 9. Evidences that support Plate Tectonics Theory Part 1

Rock and Mountain Correlation

when two mountains are similar in age, structure and rock type
The Appalachian Mountain Range in North America and the
Caledonian Mountain Range in Greenland, Europe exhibit rock
and mountain correlation.
 Early Evidences Supporting
Plate Movement
Similar rock Presence of the
samples from same fossils in
different mountain continents with
ranges different climates Ancient climate
Apparent match of
does not match the
continental
present climate in
coastlines
some continents
LAS 9. Evidences that support Plate Tectonics Theory Part 1
LAS 9. Evidences that support Plate Tectonics Theory Part 1

Paleontology
the field of science that studies ancient life or the
history of life on the planet
LAS 9. Evidences that support Plate Tectonics Theory Part 1
LAS 9. Evidences that support Plate Tectonics Theory Part 1

Mesosaurus sp.
freshwater reptile
found in Africa and South
America
Cynognathus sp.
found in Africa and
Argentina, South America
Lystrosaurus sp.
found in Africa and India,
and later in Antarctica
LAS 9. Evidences that support Plate Tectonics Theory Part 1

Glossopteris sp.
found in Australia, Antarctica, India,
South Africa, and South America
does not have the ability to pollinate on
a long range
land animals were suspected to have
scattered its seeds across the continents

These pieces of information reveal that in order for

Glossopteris sp. to reproduce in different regions, the
continents must be connected so that its pollinators could
travel across!
LAS 9. Evidences that support Plate Tectonics Theory Part 1

Glossopteris sp.
found in Australia, Antarctica, India,
South Africa, and South America -
these continents have varying
climates as of today

This evidence shows that Glossopteris sp. must have

come from a single location with a consistent climate
in order to survive!
LAS 9. Evidences that support Plate Tectonics Theory Part 1

Distribution of Fossil Evidences Across Continents

 Early Evidences Supporting
Plate Movement
Similar rock Presence of the
samples from same fossils in
different mountain continents with
ranges different climates Ancient climate
Apparent match of
does not match the
continental
present climate in
coastlines
some continents
LAS 9. Evidences that support Plate Tectonics Theory Part 1

Paleoclimatology
the study of climates prevalent in the geological past.
LAS 9. Evidences that support Plate Tectonics Theory Part 1
LAS 9. Evidences that support Plate Tectonics Theory Part 1

GLACIAL STRIATIONS
LAS 9. Evidences that support Plate Tectonics Theory Part 1

GLACIAL STRIATIONS

Where are these glacial striations

pointing to?
LAS 9. Evidences that support Plate Tectonics Theory Part 1

Glacial striations found on hot and/or

non-polar continents can be explained
by moving tectonic plates!
 Early Evidences Supporting
Plate Movement
Similar rock Presence of the
samples from same fossils in
different mountain continents with
ranges different climates Ancient climate
Apparent match of
does not match the
continental
present climate in
coastlines
some continents
 Are there any
questions so far?
True or False
TYPE IN THE CHAT "T" IF THE STATEMENT IS TRUE
AND ""F" IF THE STATEMENT IS FALSE

The presence of glacial remnants

in Africa means that the continent
experienced a prolonged polar
climate in the past.
True

The presence of glacial remnants

in Africa means that the continent
experienced a prolonged polar
climate in the past.
True or False
TYPE IN THE CHAT "T" IF THE STATEMENT IS TRUE
AND ""F" IF THE STATEMENT IS FALSE

The Appalachian and Caledonian

mountain ranges being classified
as old fold mountains might be
connected in the past
True

The Appalachian and Caledonian

mountain ranges being classified
as old fold mountains might be
connected in the past
 More Recent Evidences
Supporting Plate Movement

Deep-sea Drilling Paleomagnetism

Seafloor Mapping Intraplate Volcanic

Activity
LAS 10. Evidences that support Plate Tectonics Theory Part 2

Seafloor Mapping
navigators released
sound into different
parts of the ocean
and measured the
time it takes for the
sound to bounce
back
LAS 10. Evidences that support Plate Tectonics Theory Part 2

Seafloor Mapping
LAS 10. Evidences that support Plate Tectonics Theory Part 2

Seafloor Mapping

This evidence shows the continuity and rigidness of the ocean floor.
This suggests that there is geologic activity or motion on the ocean floor.
 More Recent Evidences
Supporting Plate Movement

Deep-sea Drilling Paleomagnetism

Seafloor Mapping Intraplate Volcanic

Activity
LAS 10. Evidences that support Plate Tectonics Theory Part 2

Deep-sea Drilling
Scientists collected rock samples by drilling holes
at different areas of the ocean floor.
The rock samples
were compared
with each other
and with
continental crust
rock samples.
LAS 10. Evidences that support Plate Tectonics Theory Part 2

Deep-sea Drilling

4.5 billion years old

LAS 10. Evidences that support Plate Tectonics Theory Part 2

Deep-sea Drilling

4.5 billion years old 200 million years old

LAS 10. Evidences that support Plate Tectonics Theory Part 2

Deep-sea Drilling

4.5 billion years old 200 million years old

This evidence shows that the oceanic crust has been formed just recently.
LAS 10. Evidences that support Plate Tectonics Theory Part 2
Deep-sea Drilling

more dense

less dense

This evidence shows that formation of

new rocks is happening at the ridge.
The crust becomes older as you move
away from the ridge.
 More Recent Evidences
Supporting Plate Movement

Deep-sea Drilling Paleomagnetism

Seafloor Mapping Intraplate Volcanic

Activity
LAS 10. Evidences that support Plate Tectonics Theory Part 2

Paleomagnetism
paleo = ancient
magnetism = referring to magnetic field

The oceanic crust is

divided into strips that
have reversed magnetic
polarity with respect to
it's adjacent strip
LAS 10. Evidences that support Plate Tectonics Theory Part 2

Paleomagnetism

+ +
+ +

- -

+

+

ridge
+ +

-

-

+
+ +
+

-

-

+ + + +
LAS 10. Evidences that support Plate Tectonics Theory Part 2

Paleomagnetism
magnetic field reversal

insert video here

LAS 10. Evidences that support Plate Tectonics Theory Part 2

Paleomagnetism

This evidence reveal that the ocean floor does not stay put
to where it was formed. Instead, it moves away from the
ridge, spreading the ocean floor.
 More Recent Evidences
Supporting Plate Movement

Deep-sea Drilling Paleomagnetism

Seafloor Mapping Intraplate Volcanic

Activity
LAS 10. Evidences that support Plate Tectonics Theory Part 2

Intraplate Volcanic Activity

intra = within
volcanic island formation within the plates (not
along the margin) is possible due to mantle plumes
LAS 10. Evidences that support Plate Tectonics Theory Part 2
LAS 10. Evidences that support Plate Tectonics Theory Part 2

Intraplate Volcanic Activity

mantle plume
a piece of mantle
that was able to rise
towards the crust
and stays just below
the crust forming
volcanic islands
LAS 10. Evidences that support Plate Tectonics Theory Part 2

The Islands of Hawaii

LAS 10. Evidences that support Plate Tectonics Theory Part 2

The Islands of Hawaii

This evidence reveals that
the volcanic islands can only
move away from the mantle
plume if the plates were
moving.

The closer the island is to the

plume, the younger it is. Just
like how crusts are younger if
they are closer to the ridge.
 More Recent Evidences
Supporting Plate Movement

Deep-sea Drilling Paleomagnetism

Seafloor Mapping Intraplate Volcanic

Activity
 Are there any
questions so far?
True or False
TYPE IN THE CHAT "T" IF THE STATEMENT IS TRUE
AND ""F" IF THE STATEMENT IS FALSE

Magnetic striping on the ocean

has a symmetric pattern with
respect to the ridge axis
True

Magnetic striping on the ocean

has a symmetric pattern with
respect to the ridge axis
True or False
TYPE IN THE CHAT "T" IF THE STATEMENT IS TRUE
AND ""F" IF THE STATEMENT IS FALSE

The oldest of the volcanic

island structures formed in a
hotspot would be farthest
from it.
True

The oldest of the volcanic

island structures formed in a
hotspot would be farthest
from it.
 The Tectonic Plate Boundaries
What are the plates doing in these boundaries?

Convergent Divergent Transform

plates move towards each other plates move away from each plates slide side-by-side, past
other each other
"Tectonic"
Greek: tekton meaning builder
"Tectonic"
Greek: tekton meaning builder

What are they building?

LAS 11. Types of tectonic plate boundaries

The 3 Tectonic Plate Boundaries

Ridges are caused by diverging

tectonic plates.

Trenches are caused by converging

tectonic plates.

Fault lines are caused by either of the

three tectonic plate boundaries.
 Are there any
questions so far?
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SEND YOUR ANSWER IN THE CHAT BOX AND THEN
LET'S SEE IF YOU ANSWERED CORRECTLY

How do you think were the

scientists able to locate the
boundaries of adjacent
plates?
How do you think were the scientists
able to locate the boundaries of
adjacent plates?

Scientists were able to locate

boundaries of adjacent plates
by plotting the locations of
earthquake epicenters.
The 3 Types of Convergent
Plate Boundaries
How can we differentiate them?
LAS 12. Convergent plate boundaries
The 3 Convergent Plate Boundaries
LAS 12. Convergent plate boundaries

Type of Margin

Destructive Margin - the oceanic plate sinks and

melts below the continental plate

Collision Margin - none of the two plates will sink

nor melt, instead they collide and compress upward
forming fold mountains
LAS 12. Convergent plate boundaries

Type "D" if margin is Destructive and

Type "C" if margin is Collision
LAS 12. Convergent plate boundaries

Type of Process Involved when interacting

Subduction - one plate goes under the other

*The difference in density will determine which
plate will subduct

Rise - rising of plate boundaries due to collision

LAS 12. Convergent plate boundaries

Type "S" if the process involved is Subduction and

Type "R" if the process involved is Rise
LAS 12. Convergent plate boundaries

Type CC for continental-continental, OO for

oceanic-oceanic, and OC for oceanic-continental
 Are there any
questions so far?
Let's go around
the World one
more time!
Let's try this!
In summary...
The early and more recent evidences of plate movement strengthen
the theory. Since we now have accepted that the
plates are indeed moving, geologists then looked at the interactions of
the plate boundaries. The three types of plate boundaries are
, , and . In Convergent, the two plates move
each other. In Divergent, the two plates move from each
other. Finally, in Transform Boundary, the plates past each
other. In the distribution of Fossils and Glacial Striations and the
separation of two mountains, we can say that these events may have
been caused by the movement of and
boundaries.
Class Recap
Were we able to do it?

explain the effect

of the movement
enumerate the differentiate the
describe each of different
different pieces three types of
type of tectonic boundaries on the
of evidence of convergent plate
plate boundary features on the
plate movement boundaries
surface of the
earth
Congratulations!
You know more about Earth Science
now than yesterday :)