General Chemistry 2

Chemical Kinetics
Chemical Kinetics
Reaction Rates and Collision Theory

Factors that Influence Reaction Rate and

Collision Theory
Rate of Reaction, Constant, and
Concentration of Reactants
Reaction Rates and Rate Law
Learning Outcomes
write the mathematical relationshinship
between the rate of the reaction, rate
constant, and concentration of the
reactants

give the order of the reaction with respect

to each reactant and the overall order of
the reaction

write the rate law for first order reaction

 Reaction Rates
measure of how fast a reaction takes place

change in amount or concentration

of a substance (reactant or product)
per unit time
Expressing Rates of Reactions

rate of travel = change in position = kilometers

time hour

rate of reaction = change in concentration = mol/L

time sec
Rates of Reaction Expression

aA + bB -> cC + dD

Rate = -Δ[A] = -Δ[B] = Δ[C] = Δ[D]

aΔt bΔt cΔt dΔt
 Rate Law

aA + bB -> products
Rate = -Δ[A] = -Δ[B]
aΔt bΔt
x y
Rate = k[A] [B]

shows the relationship between rate of a reaction,

rate constant, and concentration of reactants
 Order of Reactions

relationship between rate of reaction

and concentration of reactant
 Order of Reactions

2 NO + O2 -> 2 NO2
2
Rate = k[NO] [O2]

IMPORTANT: The exponents x and y are not derived

from the balanced chemical equation
 Order of Reactions
Can be determined in two ways:
Initial Rate Method
Graphical Method
 Order of Reactions
Initial Rate Method

1. Measure the rate of reaction for the

"original" trial/first experiment
2. Vary the concentrations of reactants
3. Compare the initial rates with the initial
concentrations
Order of Reactions

2 NO + O2 -> 2 NO2
2
Rate = k[NO] [O2]

2nd order with respect to NO

1st order with respect to O2
3rd order overall
Order of Reactions

2 NO + O2 -> 2 NO2
Order of Reactions

2 NO + O2 -> 2 NO2
Order of Reactions

2 NO + O2 -> 2 NO2
 Rate Constant

2 NO + O2 -> 2 NO2
2
Rate = k[NO] [O2]

k= rate
2
[NO] [O2]
Rate Constant
2 NO + O2 -> 2 NO2

k= rate
2
[NO] [O2]

0.028 M/s
k=
(0.020M) 2 (0.010M)
2 2
k = 7000 L / mol -s
 Rate Constant
2 2
k = 7000 L / mol -s

How to solve for the unit:

0.028 M/s
k=
(0.020M) 2 (0.010M)

2
M/s M/s 1/s 1 L
(M) M)2
M 3
M
2 2
M -s mol2 - s

M = mol/L
 Sample Problem
Determine the rate law, rate constant, and unknown
rate from the experimental data on the table.
Assume constant T and P.
 Conventration-Time
Relationship

Zero - Order Reactions

First-Order Reactions
Second - Order Reactions
 Conventration-Time
Relationship
Zero - Order Reactions
R -> products
0
Rate = -Δ[R] = k[R] [R] o - [R]t = kt
Δt
Integrated Rate Law
 Conventration-Time
Relationship
First - Order Reactions
R -> products
[R]t
Rate = -Δ[R] = k[R] ln = -kt
Δt [R]o

Integrated Rate Law

 Conventration-Time
Relationship
Second - Order Reactions
R -> products
2 1 1
Rate = -Δ[R] = k[R] - = kt
Δt [R]t [R]o

Integrated Rate Law

 Conventration-Time
Relationship
The decomposition of dinitrogen pentoxide is a first order
reaction and has a decomposition constant of 0.0067/min.
If the initial concentration of this reactant is 0.7 M, what
will be the concentration after 5.6 minutes?

rate = -Δ[N 2 O 5] = k[N2 O 5 ]

Δt
[R]t
ln = -kt -kt
[R] t = [R] oe
[R]o
 Conventration-Time
Relationship
The decomposition of dinitrogen pentoxide is a first order
reaction and has a decomposition constant of 0.0067/min.
If the initial concentration of this reactant is 0.7 M, what
will be the concentration after 5.6 minutes?

-kt -kt
[R] t = [R] oe [N2 O5 ]t = [N 2 O 5] o e
 Conventration-Time
Relationship
The decomposition of dinitrogen pentoxide is a first order
reaction and has a decomposition constant of 0.0067/min.
If the initial concentration of this reactant is 0.7 M, what
will be the concentration after 5.6 minutes?

-(0.0067/min)(5.6 min)
[N2 O 5] t = 0.7M e

[N2 O 5] t = 0.6742 M
Which of the following reactions is slowest at room
temperature?