(ae BEL err UT eae 9 | Study of 3-Dimensional Figures ‘Once me form a larger cube cout of these smaller cubes, the 9.1 Properties of Lines and Planes in 3-D Space ...n84 9.2 2-D Representations of Solids psi 9.3 Symmetry of Solids... p.225 9.4 Nols of Solids 0231 © Explore the properties of lines and planes in 3-D space, including: (@) aline perpendicular to a plane; (0) the projections of line segments (on a plane; What's wrong wth me? (€) the angle between a line and a Why cont Fulda cube! plane; (@)_ the angle between two planes. Master the skills in 2-D representation ofa solid, and draw any solid based on given 2-D representations from various views. Recognize the limitations of 2-D. representations in identifying the solid Extond the idea of symm in 2-0, figures to recognize and appreciate the reflectionl end rll , ‘relies cb and Fun in Math larger cube formed by 27 smaller identical cubes is Into two parts. fthe figure as shown is one part of the larger erat ao asfective Learning Mathematics | $3B @ Quick Review Cia EY Uniform cross-secti If a sol ns is cut parallel to its base, the cross-sections obtained at any positions are the same as the base in both size and shape, these cross-sections are called uniform cross-sections — Unio cross-section BD) Reflectional symmetry When folding a plane figure along a straight line and its two sides coincide, the figure has reflectional symmetry, and the straight line is called the axis of symmetry. J ofsymmetey C o 9 0 ; (> Rotational symmetry When rotating a plane figure about a fixed point for 1 turn and it coincides with the original figure m times (where n= 2), the figure has n-fold rotational symmetry, and the fixed point is called the centre of rotation. ~ Cente of ation {Hold cotatonal smmetiy The figure shows a right prism. Shade a uniform cross-section of the figure. 2. The following figure has reflectional symmetry. GQ») The Figure has axes. of symmetry. (b) Draw all the axes of symmetry on the figure. 3. The following figure has rotational symmetry. Qeortvefiguiehas fold rotational symmety. (b) Mark the centre of rotation with O on the figure.Study of Dimensional Figures | Chapter Om Cm 1. Consider the following figures. AP Os Figure I Figure Il Figure IN (a) Determine whether each of the figures has reflectional symmetry. If it has, write down the number of axes of symmetry. (b) Determine whether each of the figures has rotational symmetry. If it has, write down the number of folds of rotational symmetry. is, determine whether it has a uniform cross-section. 2. In each of the following sol (a) Cube (b) Circular cone (© Right eylinder 3. By taking the dotted line as the axis of symmetry, complete the figure which has reflectional symmetry. [A copy of the figure is provided in the Appendix (page 9.51). _—— 4, ‘The figure shows a part of a rotational symmetrical figure which has 3-fold rotational symmetry. Complete the figure by taking O as the centre of rotation. {A copy of the figures provided in the Appendix (page 9.51¥1(ee fective Learning Mathematics | $3B Le ae ena in 3-D Space UA EY) Lines perpendicular to a plane Consider cuboid ABCDEFGH in Figure 9.1, the diagonals of rectangles A ABCD and EFGH cut at P and Q respectively. » Since BGFA and BGHC are both rectangles, Projections of line segments on a plane Figure 9.3 shows right prism ABCDSPOR, where the uniform g cross-section 4P-QB of the prism is a trapezium, and ZAPQ= ZBOP=90", We can see that P and R are the projections of A and C on plane PORS respectively, and PR is called the projection of AC on plane PORS. In general, if X and ¥ are the projections of M and N on a plane respectively, then XY is called the projection of MN on the plane (see Figure 9.4). Figure 9.3 om ap Figure 94 projection #28 aStudy of 3-Dimensional Figures | Chapter G=acrm 910 The figure shows cuboid ABCDEFGH. AC and BD intersect at P. while HF and EG intersect at Q. M and N are the mid-points of AB and CD respectively. @ (@) Complete the following table. Poimt/ Linesegment | 1 | 7 | 2 | AP | RQ | PE Projection on plane EFCH @ ) Complete the following table Point’ is op |p| y | mw | pp mp) ew Line segment Projection on plane AGF > Angle between a line and a plane In Figure 9.5, 4B" is the projection of 4B on plane EFGH. ) Write down (i) the projection of AH on plane ADEF, (ii) the angle between AH and plane ADEF. (©) Write down (i) the line of intersection of planes ABHE and CDEH, (ii) the angle between planes ABHE and CDEH. [Solution > (a) analysis: Consider three cases where 8G is perpendicular f “ to plane EFGH, FG is perpendicular to plane 7) BCHG, and HG is perpendicularto plane ABGF. | ‘ eo ZBGE, ZBGH, ZBGE, CEGH, ZFGC and LHGA —« Only four of the answers are required, are right angles at G. ling of intersection 58Study of 3-Dimensional Figures | Chapter (b) (AE is the projection of Ai on plane ADEF, ZHAE is the angle between AH and plane ADE! (©) (EH is the line of intersection of planes ABIE and CDEH. analysis: Plane ABHE is a rectangle. BH.1EH and z H ‘AE LEW. The projections of BH and AE on between planes ABHE and CDEH. is scauned, Fe classvork 9s £5) The figure shows cube ABCDEFGH Oww {o) Write down the projection of BE on plane EFGH, i the angle between 8 and plane EFI down four right angles at A 10) Write down ! GY te tne of mersection of planes BCEF and ADEF, Give anale between planes BCEF and ADEE 2 [edie 0.98 09,10 PREETEZEEY?” ete angle between two panes The figure shows isosceles triangle ABD. C is the projection of Don 2 plane ABC. Let E be the mid-point of 4B. Write down the angle ; between planes ABD and ABC. ! a A [Solution Analysis: AB is the line of intersection of planes ABD and ABC. Since plane ABD is an lsosceles trangle, DELAB, Besides, CIs the projection of © on plane ABC. and thus CE isthe projection of O€ on plane ABC.) C is the angle between planes 4BD and ABC. MMfathematics | $3B Effective Learning SEE © the projection of Pon plane QRS. Write down the angle between planes POR and ORS. . 0 ¥ PY OY scaze Assessment (9.125) Part 1: Check Yourself Part 2: Challenge Yourself Inthe figure, ABCDEF is a right triangular prism, 1. The figure shows right prism ABCDEFGH. P is a point lying on AB. p< 4 2 ° & Refer to the figure, determine whether each of r ¢ the following is true and cirele your answer. Qo) Write down al the right angles at. a~4) @) Write down the angle between CFand @ |. Bis the projection of 4 on plane plane EFGH. ee A GOI Write down the angle between planes Q 2 EDisthe projection of AD on plane ACHE and CDEI. DEF. wx @) Write down the angle between planes PBG and BCHG. 2. 228C is ine angle between BE and plane ACDE. Vix @Q + ZEFD is an angle between planes ABEE and BCDP. vik @ypise j= Level {iJ 1. The figure shows eube 4BCDEFGH. (a) Write down the projection of G on plane CDEH. (b) Write down the projection of D on plane BCHG. (©) Write down the projection of BH on plane ADEF (@)_ Write down the projection of CF on plane ABGF.Study of 3-Dimensional Figures | Chapter () 2. In the figure, VABCD is a pyramid with a rectangular base. X is the projection of Von plane ABCD, Write down all the right angles at X, GxspeSa) In the figure, ABCD is a pyramid with a square base. It is given that VA = VB= VC = VD. Os the projection of ¥ on plane ABCD. Mis the mid-point of AB. (a) Write down {i)_ the projection of FD on plane ABCD, (ii) the angle between VD and plane ABCD. (b) Write down (i) the projection of FM on plane ABCD, (ii) the angle between 7M and plane ABCD. ‘The figure shows a right triangular prism. (a) Write down the angle between BE and plane ABCD. (b) Write down the angle between AF and plane BCF, In the figure, ABCDEFGH is a cub (a) Write down the angle between CF and plane BCHG, (b) Write down the angle between BN and plane ADEF, Nis the mid-point of EF. ‘The figure shows @ right regular pentagonal prism. ¥ is the mid-point of FJ. ¥ is the projection of £ on plane BC/H. (a) Write down the angle between CX and plane FGHI. (b) Write down the angle between Hand plane BC/H. Lesson Proparation sfective Learning Mathematics | $3B The figure shows aright hexagonal prism. Write down the angle between GC and each ofthe following planes Lo Nn (a) Plane ABCDEF ——f (b) Plane CDK Level 8. ‘The figure shows a right prism. P, Q. R and S are the mid-points of AB, CD, EH and FG respectively, CH > BG. (a) Write down the angle between CS and plane BCHG. (b) Write down f (i) the line of intersection of planes ABR and ABCD, Gi) the angle between planes ABR and ABCD. (©) Write down (i)_ the line of intersection of planes ADEF and DESP, (ii) the angle between planes ADEF and DESP. 9. The figure shows cuboid ABCDEFGH. . (2) Write down the angle between planes BEH and CDEH. ° <> . (b) P is a point lying on AD. Write down the angle between planes DGP and DEFA. ‘ © (Comita) cs 10, ‘The figure shows a regular octahedron. Let P, Q, R and § be the A mid-points of BC, CD, DE and BE respectively, X be the projection of B on plane ACFE. (a) Write down the angle between planes ABC and BCDE. ° (b) Write down the angle between planes ADE and DEF. (©) Write down the angle between 4B and plane ACFE. 1Lesson Preparation Study of 3-Dimensional Figures | Chapter be In 3-dimensional (3-D) world, we ean measure the space occupied by a solid by its length, width and height, these measurements are called the three dimensions of the solid. Renee Figure 9.7 > Orthographic views Orthographic projection is a skill of illustrating the shapes of solids by a series of plane figures. Figure 9.8 shows the images when a building is projected perpendicularly onto 3 perpendicular planes. Figure 9.8 orthographic projection IEREffective Learning Mathematics | $3B Rigure 9.8 shows the images observed from three di ‘When the 3 projected images are spread out on a plane, diagram in Figure 9.9. A Figure 9.9 ferent views. wwe can get the 4 Bach of the 3 views above has a name according to the direction of observation (see Figure 9.10): Front view: the view of an object from the front Side view: the view of an object from the side Top view: the view of an object from the top These three views are called the orthographic views. When drawing the orthographic views of an object, each view should be stated. (See Figure 9.11(b)) Top view LL Veen er Sideview —Frontview x @ Oo) Figure 9.11 Nove: When drawing the orthographie views, the front view ge largest amount of information about the object. front view EAI side view #08 top view 9.42 ‘onthograp ic views a Front view De} p> “Top view Side view Figure 9.10Study of 3 Dimensional Figures | 8 RADDAAAAAAAY DAALAALALAAR ADD ADBAAL EA LDA EY IVAVAY A UAV AVA AV AVA PAALISBAARLYSY VRID LA gO LN WADA ADAACAA PAALYAOQAALLE WALAAPLALAAA 9.43 ‘on isometric grid and graph paperis | unit long. 2 2 [Related Exercise /tx.96 #1-6, 25,26 Draw the orthographic views ofa solid SDE PE DOPE SEERA DORA {i Follow the technique above, and draw the side view and the top view. 1 BLA BVI RAE DADDODDACM DALLAS DADADADACE I VAVAVAVAVAVAVAVAVAVA\| Analysis: @) To observe the width and the height of the sold from its front and deaw Draw the orthographic views of the solid as shown, Draw the orthographic views of each of the following solids. sD ©Effective Learning Mathematics | $3B 2 [Remiamcie] x90 07 PRETEEN PY rw st oniconri gr emis etogapivine ‘The figure shows the orthographie views of a solid. Draw the solid on isometric grid. (Sol Analysis (i) To sketch the outline, such as the width and the height, of the front of the solid from the front view. Lil To complete the details ofthe side and the top of the solid from the sige view and the cop view.) Remember to mark the irections of front view, fide view and top view of the solid, SEE © The following figures showr the orthographic views of solids. Draw each solid on Isometric grid. Ow PABA AAA POA) AAALAC DAADAAL AA DADDALDAAAM PAA I VAVAVAVAVAVAVAVAVAVAY, | POA) PAA ES KD bx] KO px KD bx] KD bx] KO bx] KD bx] KO bx] BS Be DY AAAI KAAAAAAAAAA AVAVAVAVAVAVAVAVAVAYA' DALAL, WAVAVAVAVAVAVAVAVAVAY | NeStudy of 3 Dimensional Figures | Chapter Si RemeteieJex90 09 PERE? rs rdon ono gid rams togapi vw ‘The figure shows the orthographic views of a solid, Draw the solid on isomeric grid. [Solution > Sry © ‘The following figures show the orthographic views of solids. Draw each solid an Isometric grid QO» DEEES Ay LAITAAA ei PK] Kp PK] KF PK] KO PK KF PK] Ko PK KE bre] ee Eki RG xl Limitations of 2-D representations of solids ‘Aim: To understand the limitations of 2-D representations in determining the shapes of 3-D objects 1. (a) Draw the front view and tap view of each of the following solids, DADARAAAARAT AALS DAA PADALLAAARA MAA D BADAWI, DAAAAYAADASA AANA YS VLN\AWWYYY ap SV fy PRY YY YY hBOB6EO4O044 LLY AALAAYM YDAALAAAAA ow GQ (b) What have you found? ttfective Learning Mathematics | $3B = > 2. (a) The following figures show the top views of solids made up of identical cubes. The number in each box shows the number of cubes in that column. Draw each solid on isometrie grid, ew Th z Ow © (b) What have you found? WAV AVAVAVAVAVAVAS) BALLAABLALM MADAADARLA DAZLAADAM MAAAAAAAA BABAALAM MMAAAAAAA BALBLADBALM MDABADARA PDALALRALAA From Class Activity 9.1, we can see that we may not be able to determine the shape of a solid if only one or two of its 2-D representations are given, In question 1, the front view and top view of the two solids are identical. Without the side view, we are not able to tell the difference between the two solids. In question 2, the two solids have different top views, but their drawings on isometric grid are identical. Therefore, the drawing of a solid on isometric grid may not be able to show the complete shape of the solid, ¢ pee FO Part 1: Check Yourself Determine whether each of the following is true and cirele your answer. (1 = 3) @ 1. We can sketch the shape of a cylinder if only the side view and the top view are given. YIK 32. Theside views ofthe following two solids are the same. IKLesson Proparation of 3 Dimensional Figures | Chapter (it) Study ow IK 1Se 9B [Graph paper and isometric grid are provided in the Appendix (pages 9.55 and 9.57).] of solids made up of identical cubes. The number in each box shows the number of ‘cubes in that column, Draw the front and side views of each solid on the graph paper provided. possible top view. 1. The following figures show the top views 3. The following solid has only one Part 2: Challenge Yourself Level {]) Draw the orthographic views of each of the following solids. (1 — 6) (isssi#5) WAAAY BALLADALAA ACY AVAVAVAVAY AVAVAVAVAVAY 2A} RL NAA ES IYAVAVAY AVAY AVAY AVAVAVAVA Tee LLYSy PEK? ON MK ee DAABARLALANG DARAARARAAGH AAAAAKARAAAAA Dawa DALAL ALE DIILDAAY P POALADALALAABZ VA AVAVAY AV AVAVAY AVAVAVA) ROX = BAALAAALLAANGZ AVAVAVAVAVAVAVAVAVAVAVA™ A PAAAADRIIADAALDOO AVAVAVANAWANAY--AVAN/SA¥,| WV AN IES BDAAAYAOAAAARM bap DR PLAZA I AVAVAVA AVAWAY AAVAN/AVAY/| PA IWAVAVAVAVAVAVAVAVAVAVA‘ i) ‘The following figures show the orthographic views of solids. Draw each solid on isomettic grid. (7 ~ 12) Effective Learning Mathematics | $3BLosson Proparation Study of 3-Dimensional Figures | Chapter () Jn the following figures, the solids are made up of identieal cubes. Draw the top view of each solid and fill in each box drawn with the number of cubes in that column. (13 ~ 16) [syeds) 13, Tepview 14. Tview t 5 Front vow 15, — 16. Top iew ~~ Front view ~ Front view Level The following figures show the top views of solids made up of identical cubes. The number in each box shows the number of cubes in that column, Draw each solid on isometric grid. (17 ~ 20) Gans?) 17. 18. 20. EFAEffective Learning Mathematics | $3B ‘The following figures show the top views of solids made up of identical eubes. The number in each box shows the number of cubes in that column, Draw the front and side views of each solid on the graph paper. (21 ~ 24) a. 22. 23. 24, ron view Draw the orthographic views of each of the following solids. (Assume that each side of the square on graph paper is 1 em.)(25 ~ 26) 28, Tep view 26. Topview + 2em, Bem sem - Side ew 27. The figure shows the top view of a solid made up of identical cubes. The number in each box shows the number of cubes in that column, () How many cubes are there in the solid? (b) Draw the solid on isometric grid. (©), Draw the front view of the solid Gi The Figure shows the front view and the top view of solid made up of identical eubes, (a) Draw two possible solids which have the same front view and top view as shown on isometric grid (b) For each solid obtained in (a), draw the side view. rzee Study of 3-Dimensional Figures | Chapter (at) > Reflectional symmetry If a solid can be divided into two parts by a eross-seetion, and one part of which is the mirror image of the other, then the solid has refleetional symmetry. The eross-section is called the plane of reflection of the solid In our daily life, there are many objects which have reflectional symmetry. Here are some examples: vee Figure 9.12 The following are two examples of solids which have reflectional symmetry. Pane of reflection Pane of reflection i} | a Cy) (a) Aight gular hevagonal prism Ss) ma’ (0) pyramid with square base Figure 9.13 plane of reflection 52fective Learning Mathematies | $3B ed Aim: To learn about the reflectional symmetry in a cube and a regular tetrahedron Discuss the following problems in groups. 1. Given that there are 9 planes of reflection in a cube, try to draw them out in the following figures. [The first three are given as examples.] (@) (o) OA ow ow ow 2. Given that there are 6 planes of reflection in a regular tetrahedron, try to draw them out in the following figures. [The first one is given as an example.) Oh Qw [ ow [ [ oo oo / ow ©Study of 3 Dimensional Figures | Chapter > Rotational symmetry A cuboid is shown below. An axis (XY) passes through the centre of the cuboid (see Figure 9.14(a)). We can sce that the cuboid coincides with itself twice when it rotates one turn about XY. Therefore, the cuboid has 2-fold rotational symmetry about XY, and AY is called the axis of rotational symmetry. Coincdes 2rd time @ o Coincides © Figure 9.14 Ifa solid rotates one turn about ‘an ads and coincides with itself intimes (uhere n> 2), this solid We often find many objects which have rotational symmetry in our daily life. Some examples are shown as follows: esofrotationsl ——_Axif rotational ‘ois ofroational hasmfold rotational symmetry | symmety ‘yet ‘ymmety about the axis of rotational symmeuy. fold fd 2fold rotational symmetry ftational symmetry rotational symmetry Figure 9.15 Knowledge Pad 2.0 figuee is rotated about the Centre of cation while 3-0 figure Is rotated about the axis of rotational symmetry axis of rotational symmetry He493 EFEffective Learning Mathematics | $3B Ces Aim: To learn about the rotational symmetry in a cube and a regular tetrahedron Discuss the following problems in groups. 1. It is given that there are 3 types of axes of rotational symmetry in a cube. Q) Complete the following table. Number of axes Cross-section perpenc Folds of Axis of rotatonal symmetry ofroutlonal | tothe axis ofruiaicnal | rotational symmetty symmetry Symmetry Passing through the centres of opposite faces eg. eA Square 4 Passing through opposite veriees 28 Equllateral triangle or hexagon Passing through the mid-poinis of wo opposite edges QW») A cube has __ axes of rotational symmetry in total.Study of 3-Dimensional Figures | Chapter (A) s ‘on Preparation 2. Itis given that there are two types of axes of rotational symmetry in a regular tetrahedron. @Q © Complete the following table. Cross-section perpendicular to the axis of rotational symmetry Axis of rotational Number of axes of symmetry rotational symmetry Folds of rotational symmetry Passing through a vertex and the centre of opposite face (ps Equitateral triangle Passing through the mid-points of two opposite edues ay, » © (b) A regular tetrahedron has —___ axes of rotational symmetry in total. Prom Class Activity 9.3, we know that a cube has 13 axes of rotational symmetry in total, In fact, a cube has 3 axes of 4-fold rotational symmetry, 4 axes of 3-fold rotational symmetry and 6 axes of 2-fold rotational symmetry. A regular tetrahedron has 7 axes of rotational symmetry in total. It has 4 axes of 3-fold rotational symmetry and 3 axes of 2-fold rotational symmetry.hematics | $3B Find and raw the planes of etestion ana PETES axes of csationa symmetry ofa sols The figure shows a pyramid with a rectangular base. (a) How many planes of reflection are there? Show all the planes by drawing a diagram for each of the) (>) How many axes of rotational symmetry are there? Show all the axes by drawing a diagram for cach of them. Also, find the number of folds of rotational symmetry for each axis. (a) There are 2 planes of reflection as follows: > MS (b) There is 1 axis of rotational symmetry as follows: Mold SDE © ‘The figure shows a right regular pentagonal prism @ eHow many planes of reflection ar there? Show alte panes by crewing Clagram for each of them, (b) How many ates of rotational symmetry are there? Show all the axes by “rowing gram for eachof the A, nd the Mumber lds flan symmety foreach as {a copy ofthe igure provided in the Appendix rage 9.1).Losson Proparation Study of 3-Dimensional Figures | Chapter (Mt) (imma If the surface of a solid is unfolded into a plane figure through cutting along some edges, the plane figure is called a net of the solid (ory te 9. ‘Aim: To explore and determine the net of a eube @ |. Figure I shows a cube. The nets below are formed by 6 identical ‘ squares each, Which of them can be folded into a cube? 7 (@) ) y Figure! © @ © o @ 2 Draw two other possible nets of the cube, From Class Activity 9.4, we know that there are many possible nets of a cube and each of them is formed by 6 identical squares. However, not every figure with 6 connecting identical squares can be folded into a cube. et 224600Effective Learning Mathematics | $3B race] sc 8 ED [Rete BET EY rnine nts In cach of the following figures, the surface of a right prism with an equilateral triangular base is cut along the blue edges. Draw the net obtained. @ ©) AGE © In each of the following figures, the surface of a pyramid with a square base is cut along the blue edges. Draw the net obtained. & # o / SEE erm. oe lentiy the vertices of solid from its net Ea’ ‘The figure shows a net of a closed solid. When the net is folded into a solid, which points will coincide with each of the following points? er (a) 4 (o) F (© tSolution (a) Ewill coincide with A (b)_ will coincide with F. (©) L will coincide with J. Study of 3 Dimensional Figures | Chapter AGE © ‘The figure shows a net of a closed solid, When the net is folded into a solid, which points will, coincide with each of the following points? Owe (oD (a6 PYF seaze assessment 19.315) Part 1: Check Yourself Determine whether each of the following is true and circle your answer. (1 ~ 3) @ 1. The Figure shows a cuboid This euboid has 5 planes of reflection wiK 2. The Figure shows right prism with an equilateral triangular base. ‘The prism has 4 axes of rotational symmetry. vIK 3. The following net can be folded into a pyramid. wiK Part 2: Challenge Yourself 1. The figure shows a net of a closed solid. (a) Draw the solid @ (b) How many planes of reflection are there in this solid? @ (©) How many axes of rotational symmetry are thera in this solid? Find the number of folds of rotational symmetry for each axis 9.33fathematics | $3B BErise ge [Copies of necessary figures are provided in the Appendix (page 9.51)-] Level In each of the following solids, draw any 2 planes of reflection and 1 axis of rotational symmetry. (1 ~ 3) Effective Learning 1. Cuboid 2. Right cylinder 3. Right prism with an equilateral triangular base Each of the following figures shows a net of a closed solid. Draw each solid. (4 = 6) 4 5 6 7. Which of the following nets ean be folded into a regular tetrahedron? my kw & Net Nutt Neti neclv 8. The figure shows a net of a cube. Which of the following can be formed by fold ig the given net? Gabel Cabell Gabe IT ErgLesson Proparation Study of 3-Dimensional Figures | Chapter (i) 9. ‘The six faces of a cube are A, B, C, D, Band F. a Aig Fill the letiers in the following net such that it can be folded into the cube. 10. The figure shows the net of a cube. ¢ K|v A|& C) When the net is folded into a cube, what is the pattern opposite to ‘de? In each of the following figures, if the surface of the solid is eut along the green edges, draw the net obtained. (11 — 14) (Gsss33) 11, Regular pentagonal pyramid 12, Right regular pentagonal prism (b) 6 planes of reflection in a regular tetrahedron, ALD BED If a solid rotates one turn about an axis inside the solid and coincides with the original solid nn times (where n22), the axis is called an axis of rotational symmetry and the solid has n-fold rotational symmetry about the axis of rotational symmetry. e.g. (a) A cube has 13 axes of rotational symmetry in total. Four anes of 3fld rotational syruney Sic ases of oe rotational symmetry 4Study of 3 Dimensional Figures | Chapter = = (b) A regular tetrahedron has 7 axes of rotational symmetry in total. SEHD Four axes of fld rotational symmetry ‘Three aye¢ 0.40 rotational symmety 5. Nets of solids aan) A net is a plane figure that can be folded into a solid. Me Cube and one ofits nets eg.Ez Proparation fective Learning Mathematis | $3B LRevintaa Exercise 9 {Graph paper and isometric grid are provided in the Appendix (pages 9.55 and 9.57).] evel 1. The figure shows a pyramid with a square base. Given that Cis the y projection of Von plane A. ite down all the right angles at C between VC and plane ABC ‘ ec % 2. In the figure, VABC is a triangular pyramid. Let D be the v projection of V on plane ABC. Write down the angle between VC and plane ABC. a c % 9.42Propa Study of 3-Dimensional Figures | Chapter ) ‘The following figures show the orthographic views of solids. Draw each solid on isometric grid. (3 ~ 6) 5) 6 In the following figures, the solids are made up of identical cubes. Draw the top view of each solid and fill in each box drawn with the number of cubes in that column. (7 ~ 8) rm 7K] x VV 5 OO LLY KI Ne LN JV is AX KI KI Ly KI VZ TAT AAV A Do VY WAAAZ SLI N ILS SEQ ENA YY DKASBADY ee LZ AAA, RZ VA Dp Y PKK Consider the shapes of the following objects. (9 ~ 12) For each object, find (a) the number of planes of reflection, (b) the number of axes of rotational symmetry, and the number of folds of rotational symmetry for cach axis if the object has property of rotational symmetry, 9. 10.Effective Learning Mathematics | $3B ers. Mt. 12. Each of the following figures shows a net of a closed solid. Draw each solid. (13 - 14) on [| 14. Pt fai —— NS In each of the following figures, if the surface of the solid is cut along the green edges, draw the net obtained. (18 ~ 18) 15. Pyramid with a rectangular base 16, Regular hexagonal pyramid 4 \ > 17. Right triangular prism 18. Rogular tetrahedron *, "19, A letter is printed on each face of the following net. If the net is folded into a cube, E A|B/C]D (a) which letter is opposite to the letter “A”? (b) which letter is opposite to the letter *F°? 9.44(ee Study of 3-Dimenstonal Figures | Chapter () 20, Which of the following prisms can be formed by folding the given net in the figure? YV9Y Prise Pas Prim TV net tev 21. The figure shows a right regular pentagonal prism. (a) Which edges are perpendicular to 1C? (b) Write down the angle between AJ and plane ABCDE. (©) Let M be the mid-point of AB. Write down the angle between planes ABJ and ABCDE. 22. In the figure, ABCD is a regular tetrahedron. Let P and Q be the a projections of A and B on planes BCD and ACD respectively, Rbe the mid-point of BC. (a) Write down the angle between planes 48C and BCD, (b) Write down the angle between 4 and plane BCD. s o (©) Write down the angle between 4B and plane ACD. The figures show the top views of solids made up of identical cubes. The number in each box shows the number of cubes in that column, Draw each solid on isometric grid, and draw its front view and side view con the graph paper, (23 ~ 24) 23. 24. ont ve Front view aEffective Learning Mathematics | 3B If each of the following nets is folded into a cube, which poini(s) will coincide with 4? (25 — 27) m0 wt 26, 4 NM 27 A ant key pk q J ms yr ea oe 16 oF F 7H os 28. The figure shows a right prism. (@) Find the number of planes of reflection in this solid (b) Find the number of axes of rotational symmetry in this solid, and find the number of folds of rotational symmetry for each axis. Draw a net of the solid. 29, The figure shows the front view and the side view of a right prism. It is given that the volume of the prism is 110 cm? (@) Find the value of h. nm Gh (b) Draw the prism on isometrie grid zon L Sem Sam Frontview sideview 30. The following figure shows a cube viewed from three different a (a) In the cube, what is the pattern opposite to (= |? (b) Can the following nets be folded into the cube above? If not, how ean we correct them? oT Gi) + °F] . ele o|* 9.46‘Multiple Choice Questions 31. Which of the following lines CANNOT be an axis of rotational symmetry of the cube in the figure? 32. How many planes of reflection are there in the prism as shown? se is ze KI KI KI KJ KI So Re Lesson Preparation Study of 3-Dimersonl Figures | Chapter (A) 33, Which of the following nets CANNOT be folded into a eube? AL 34, The following shows a pyramid with a square Which of the following are its nets? m1 riEffective Learning Mathematics | S3B A. Land I only B. nd III only and 111 only D. 1, Mand 11 35. The figure shows a net of a closed solid. How many axes of rotational symmetry are there in this solid? A 2 B. 3 cs D7 37. The following figure shows the orthographic views of a solid. 36. Which of the following figures is the side view of the solid below? Top vie How many planes of reflection are there in the solid? " AL 2 3 a4 5 9.4838, ‘The figure shows a right prism ABCDEF, Its base is right-angled triangle ABC. | Which of the followin AF and plane BFDC? is the angle between A. ZABF B. 24FB C. Z4FC D. 44FD 39, In the figure, ABCDEFGI is a cube. P, 0. R and S are the mid-points of AF, DE, CH and BG respectively. Which of the following is the angle between planes ARF and ABGF? A, 2RPA B. 2RPQ c. ZRPS D. ZEPS Losson Proparation Study of 3-Dimensional Figures | Chapter ) 40. ‘The figure shows a net of a cuboid. 2 E K 4 Which of the following is the projection of FL on plane ABMN? A. AM B. AN CBM D. BYfective Learning Mathematics | $3B @ ("WY investigation Zone rena EV Ser ° (a) Draw the top view of the solid, and fill in each box drawn with the LZ number of cubes in that column 5 (0) Draw the top view of the missing part, and fill in each box drawn |} with the number of cubes in that column, (6) Draw the missing part of each of the following. (i) The first layer of the solid. (ii) The second layer of the solid. Gii) The third layer of the solid. (@) Draw the remaining part of the solid. Sze Further ‘As we have learnt, if we want to obtain a net of a solid, we have to cut the surface of the solid along some edges. For example, a net of a tetrahedron is obtained if we cut along the blue edges. Now, we need to obtain nets of a cube and an octahedron, Cube Octahedron @© (a) Find the number of edges (£) and faces (7) on each of the two solids. @Q(») Find the number of edges (£) we need to cut to obtain a net for each of the two solids. ~E' and F? @ ©) Evaluate ££’ for the tetrahedron, cube and octahedron. What is the relation between