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    Probability {$10 000 or rere, you an jon cur lucky drawl after onather ord tre cor ‘ver there wl be yours oy Other Preble vag. Probably. ni) + Explore the meaning of prebabilty + Find the theoretical probablity by listing sample spaces and counting Have an intuite idea about the folation betwen probabily-and relative frequency. * compare bpaimenta fobaby ; ‘ad theoretical probabiliy,: 7.» u several rdred head dlrs © Investigate realfe activities : rolted to probabil including geometric probability). 1 econ is rednng OO plications of expected values. TI]! ] UTM dh ‘or v ame ball is drawn at random, Pe anton PSE argc es Sores fective Learning Mathematis | $3B @ Quick Review Cia f=, List all the possible results of a simple activity to the examples in the en a coin is tossed, either a ‘head* or ‘tail’ will be shown, KEY Notes: find the number ofall (a) When a coin is tossed, either a head” or “tail” will be shi ee activity (a) Tossing a coin (b) Throwing a dice J(c) Drawing a card from a pack of Head "ar cards e or 6 will be shown on (b) When a dice is thrown, either 1, 2, 3, 4. the side facing upwards. (©) There are 4 suits in a pack of card: spades 4, hearts ¥, clubs #, diamonds ¢ If a card is drawn from all the cards of I suit, either A, 2, 3, 4,5, 6, 7, 8,9, 10, J, Q or K will be drawn ey 1, There are 8 cards with a different capital letter marked on each of them. Ifthe letters are in alphabetical order starting from *A’, list all these letters shown on the cards. 2. There are 7 cards with a different number marked on each of them. If the numbers are consecutive even numbers starting from 2, list all these numbers shown on the cards. 3. When taking a penalty kick, the ball either goes into the net or not. How many possible results are there? 4. ‘There are several cards with a different number marked on each of them. If the numbers are prime numbers from 2 to 13 inclusive, how many cards are there? [ints When @ natural number (except 1) has factors 1 and itself only, itis called a prime number. penalty kick HUA (ea Probability | Chapter UL] bi} A Mune EBD chances of events happening In daily life, we often come across events, of which some must happen, some may happen (with their chances of happening to be estimated), and some will never happen, For example: An apple mustbeobtained whens ‘Thered talc ight maybe on when Both players can never win at the ‘utlecrawn fiom a borofapples. someaneanverstatafcjuneton. _sametime ina Chinere chess match. We can describe the chance of an event happening in the following ways: Increase in ‘hance Never Rarely Sometimes Often———_—Ceraily happens happens happens-—appens happens Figure 11.1 In mathematics, the chance of an event happening can be expressed by a number, called the probability of the event. The greater the probability of the event, the higher is the chance of the event happening. ©} Possible outcomes When an activity is given, we can list all the possible outcomes of the activity. The collection of all possible outcomes is ealled the sample space. Consider the following activ ‘There are 4 red balls and | black ball ina box, cach ball is marked with x} a different number from | 10 5. ball is drawn at random from the box oe. der and the number on it is resorded ‘Draw at random’ means there is an caual chance of drawing any ball ‘event 17 probability 4% possible outcome SJEEKS IR sample space SM random HR fective Learning Mathematics | $3B Ir is clear that the chance of obtaining each ball is equal, the sample space of the activity: 1,2,3,4,5 « Total number of possible outcomes =5 We say that all of the above possible outcomes are equally likely outcomes. The occurrence of an event might be formed by several possible outcomes. For the event ‘a red ball is drawn’, the outcomes favourable to the event 1,245 4 Number of outcomes=4 For the event ‘an odd number is drawn’, the outcomes favourable to the event: 1.3.5 4 Numer of outcomes=3 Gao 11.1 In each of the following activities, list all possible outcomes and the outcomes favourable to the given events. 1. Roll «fair dice once and record the number obtained. All possible outcomes: (2) Getting an even number: @ 0) Getting a number less than 5: @ 2 Pick «day randomly from the calendar shown below. All possible outcomes: S| | * 45" [6 Qo) The day is a Friday @Q(b) The day is a rainy day Qo) The day is a sunny WE weekday (Mon-Fri): equally likely outcome 92142 os fair dice means exch number is ‘equally likely 10 appeae. BD Probability In an activity, the probability P(E) of an event E happening is defined as follows: N Pe) er of outcomes favourable to event E Total number of possible outcomes where all the possible outcomes are equally likely to happer All possible outcomes of an activity form a sample space. For example, if we randomly draw a card from the following, DPT f A YeL Ze] the sample space: G, B), .. (10 possible outeomes in total, and all have equal chances of happening). Consider the events 4, B and C in the table below. 5 Outcome favourable 5 Event Meaning some favour Probably «| cotingamutipicots | 6), @,@ astting a number tess 8 than I] 08..8 | geting the number 0 7 Table 11.1 In the above cases, event B must happen, it is called a cert event C is impossible to occur, it is called an impossible event. event; For any event £, the number of outcomes favourable to E never execeds the total number of possible outcomes. Thus, the probability of any event £ is between 0 and I inclusive, we have O {aralysis: There are 16 balls in the bag, and 10 of them are black. Piblack ball) =72=3 {nalysis: There are 16 balls in the bag, and 12 (he, 1042) of them are not red.1 123 P{not a red ball) =75 {analysis: there ate 16 balls inthe bag, and 6 (.¢.4 42) of them ate red or green.) P(red ball or green ball ADEE © There are 6 ced balls, 3 black halls and 9 green balls in a bag. a balls drawn tandemly fom the bag, i! the probeblty ofeach ofthe follwing evens (0) Ad ball i raw, G9») Ae bal or back balls era, G0 dot own s eter ree nor green So [reece]. 114 v9.0, 26 EEE” Find the probability from some given possible outcomes: Marco displays 10 T-shirts (7) and » backpacks (B) for sale. If product is sold randomly, the probability of selling a Tshirt is > (a) Find the probability of selling a backpack (b) Find the value of Solution Number of backpacks-+Number of ® Total number of product Number of backpacks Number of T-shints Total number of products * Total number of products PCB) + P(T)=1 PUB We can use a capital eter except? 18 means sell’ backpack. by = pany =__Namber of backpacks » (=Total number of products Torn 13(10-+m)= 180 1304 130= 180 130=50 There 6 ote of cote (2 bots af ren (6 and ots of tit water 0) a cnton Ita bole of dk chosen fo the crn ‘andony he prbaby of choosing bot ofc, wile he pat ef chosing abot of green teas 2 (a) Find the probability of choosing a bottle of drink except coffee (b) Find the probability of choosing a bottle of distilled water, (0) Find the value of m fective Learning Mathematies | $3B For some activities, we may need to use a table or a tree di study the sample space and the events. These can be illustrated in the following examples. Se ReltedereJe0118 #13,15,19,24,25,34,35 ED [REETINLE I? rte roby sng salsa 2 fair dice are rolled. Find the probabilities that the sum of numbers obtained from the two dice (a) equals 7, (b) is not greater than 5. analysis: List the sample space in ordered pairs x yl, where x represents the number of the first dice and y represents the number of the second one. The 36 possible outcomes are (1, 1), (1, 2), (6 3) (66) a8 shown in the table below. and dice 1 2}afals |e Ast dice 1 an) a2 fas [oa [as | ae 2 an) en fenlen| es | 2e 3 ey) e2|es|[ oe | as | ae 4 en 47 | ao) we |) 6s wo 5 6 62 | 69 | 6H | 65 | Be 6 Gn 62 | 6) | GH | ws! | Hy (a) CAanatysts: From the table above, (6) (2 5) (3,4), (4,3) (5,2) and (6 1) are the 4 Outcomes favourable to che outcomes favourable to the event ‘the sum of numbers obtained fom event are show in orange the two dice equals 7/1) os ay <5 Required probability = 37 1 (0) (Analysis: From the table above, (1,1), 1, 2, (13, (A) (2.12, (2.2) (2-3), (BAN), 4 Outcomes favourable to the (6.2) and (4,1) ae the outcomes favourable to the event he sum of event are shown in purple. hhumbers obtained from the two dices not greater than 5.) 10 Required probability = 3 5 AGE © 2 fair dice are rolled. Find the probabilities of the following events. (a) The sum of numbers obtained from the two dice is less than 4, (b) The sum of numbers obtained from the two dice is not less than 10. GY 8ot numbers obtsined are even numbers. wee diagram 8 Probability | Chapter o PETRIE re te city by sting te om sae Sarah has three eash coupons of a department store in her bag, and the values of the coupons are $50, $100 and $500. Two coupons are drawn at random, where each coupon ean be drawn only onee. (a) List the sample space. (b) Find the probability that the total value of coupons is $150. (©) Find the probability that the total value of coupons is sufficient for buying something worth $549, [Solution (a) We can use a tree diagram to list the sample space. First coupon Second coupon Possil m3 = a< ip From the figure above, the sample space is ($50, $100), (850, $500). (S100, $50). ($100, $500), (S500. $50) and e outcomes (850, S100) (8500, $50) ($500, $100) ($500, $100) (b) (Analysis: From the sample space, ($50, $100} and ($100, $50) are the favourable to the event the total value of coupons is $150" P(total value is $150) 6 1 3 (©) _tanaiysis: f the total value of coupons is sufficient for buying something worth 53549, the total value of coupons > $549, From the sample space, (50, $500), ($100, $500), ($500, $50) and ($500, $100) are the ‘outcomes favourable to the event ‘total value of coupons > S549") (total value is sufficient for buying something worth $549) = P(total value > $549) TE Effective Learning Mathematics | $3B SDE O ‘There are three bags of candies in a box. The numbers of candies in these bags are 25, 31 and 38. Two bags of candies are drawn at random: (a) List the sample space, (b) Find the probability that the total number of candies in these two bags is less than 60. @® Find the probebilty thatthe total number of candies in these two bags is @ multiple of 3. eee Oo Part 1; Check Yourself Determine whether each of the following is true ee eee 1. Aletir is soteciod randomly from the word EVENT" The total number Bere creme otter is 5. VIK 2 The probabitity of an impossible event is less than 0. ax @ 3. A number is chosen randomly from 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9. The event of “choosing an odd number’ is a certain event. Vix QQ 4 The probability of any event is between 0 and I inclusive VK 5. There are 3 green highlighters and 4 orange highlighters in a bag, and two highlighters are drawn from the bag at random, The total number of possible outcomes of this event is 49, ae @ 6. There are 3 true-or-false questions: in a quiz. If Amy randomly gives answers to the questions, the probability that she answers two ‘questions correctly isd SIX OED Part 2: Challenge Yourself 1, The following stem-and-leaf diagram shows the selling prices of 20 peneil cases. Seng prices of 20 penci eases Stemcs10) | Leaf isuy 1 | 99 2 | 035608 3 | 1457 s | ores oe loss Ifa pencil ease is drawn at random, find the probabilities that the selling price of the pencil case is Qo) Less than $35, @ © not a muliple or 4 4 Lesson Proparation = => 2. A letter is chosen at random from each of 3. Two letters are chosen at random from the the words “TEST” and ‘RESULT’ word ‘AVERAGE’ @ (© List the sample space in the table @Q (a) List the sample space in the table below. below. Ind and ee] te ls fuji} rt et |alvjelelalole lexrer lower T A E v s E T R A (b) Find the probabilities of the following events 6 QW _ The two letters are the same. ri @ (ii) Both letters are vowels (ie. A,B, 1, O or U) @Qb) Find the probability that the two Q {ili) At Least one of the letters is “1”. letters are the same. Bgpise 1 =z Level {]) In each of the following activities, list all possible outcomes. (1 ~ 5) 1. An answer is selected randomly for a true-or-false question 2. A letter is selected randomly from the word “RANDOM”. 3. Acard is drawn randomly from the cards below. 7 : : , Faq? = | | Effective Learning Mathematics | $3B 4 S % 10. ML Acoin is drawn randomly from the coins below. @OGOare Among all integers from —5 to 5 inclusive, an integer is selected randomly. ‘There are 4 options in a multiple choice question, but only one of them is the correct answer. If a student randomly chooses an answer, find the probability that it is eorreet ‘There are 24 members in a choir, and 3 of them aged below 16. If a member is selected at random, find the probability that the member aged below 16. Among 30 coins, 12 of them are gold coins. If a coin is chosen at random, find the probability that it is not ¢ gold coin. Assume thatthe probability of having a newborn baby boy is 5. (a) Find the probability of having a newborn baby girl. (b) If ovo newborn babies are selected at random, what is the probability that both of them are boys? If @ person is selected randomly, the probabilities that his/her birthday this year falls on any days of the week are equal. Now a student is selected randomly from a class. Find the probabil that the student’s birthday this year falls on (a) a Wednesday, (b) a Saturday or a Sunday. A letter is randomly selected from the word “IMPOSSIBLE”. Find the probabilities of (a) getting a*N’, (b) not getting a (©) getting a vowel oe ae 44 < . (ed Prob 12, An integer is randomly chosen from | to 40 inclusive. Find the probabilities of getting (a) an odd number, (b) a perfect square, (©) a prime number. 13. A fair coin is tossed and a fair dice is rolled. Let H stand for a head” and T stand for a “tail (a) List the sample space (b) Find the probabilities of obtaining (i) ahead” and a number 5, (ii) a “tail! and an even number, (iii) a number 6 GomD) 14, A fair coin is tossed 3 times. Let H stand for a ‘head’ and stand for a ‘tail’ {a) List the sample space. (b) Find the probabilities of the following events. (i) The first toss is a *head’. Gi) Only a *head? is obtained. (iii) At least one “head’ is obtained. (Compe) 18. A letter is chosen at random from each of the words ‘SEOUL’ and ‘LONDON’ (a) List the sample space in the following table. 2nd letter Istlewer s L ° N D ° N E ° u L (b) Find the probabilities of getting (i) two different letters, (ii) a consonant only, (iii) at least a vowel. fective Learning Mathematies | $3B oo a 16. The following cumulative frequency curve shows the results of 80 students in an English Language 18, 19. examination, It known that students fail the examination if their scores are below 50, Ifa student is chosen at random, find the probability of choosing a student who passes the examination. Results of 0 students in an English Language examination Ba 8 Caralative Frequency as Score 10 2 30 40 50 60 70 o 90 100 There are only orange and black goldfish in ponds A and B. Pond A has 9 orange goldfish and 15 black goldfish, while pond B has 18 orange goldfish and 24 black goldfish. If one goldfish is randomly chosen from pond A and pond B each, from which pond is the probability of getting a black goldfish higher? Explain your answer. ‘The figure shows a road map from Town A to Town B. Macy and Kenneth both select a route at random to drive from Town A to ‘Town B. Find the probabilities of the following events. (a) Both of them select Highway C (b) They seleet the same route. (e) None of them select Tunnel D. There are 2 elevators in a shopping arcade, Both of them can reach all floors from G/F to 4/F. Given that the elevators are equally likely to stop at each floor, find the probabilities of the following events. (a) Both elevators stop at UF. (b) Both elevators stop at 3/F or above. (©) None of the elevators stop at 2/F. (@) At least one of the elevators stops at 4/F. Level €] 20. A card is drawn randomly from a pack of 52 playing eards (without jokers). Find the probabilities of (a) drawing a red °Q’, (b) drawing an ‘A’ or a black card, (©) not drawing a diamond. 21, The figure shows the calendar of April 2013. If a day is randomly selected, find the probabilities that the day is {a) a Monday, (b) a public holiday or a Sunday, (©) a Wednesday or a Saturday. 22, There are 14 blue balls, 12 white balls, 16 green balls and 8 yellow balls in a bag. If @ ball is drawn at random from the bag, find the probabilities of (a) not drawing a white ball, (b) drawing neither a blue nor a yellow ball. 23. The following bar chart shows the favourite television programme of a group of people. It is given that each person can choose only one favourite television programme. Favourite television programme af a group of people 2» Number of people ‘rama News Vaieyshow Cooking Sports Others Televison programme If a person is selected at random from this group of people, find the probabilities that the favourite television programme of the person is (a) News, (b) Drama or Cooking, (©) neither Drama nor Sports. Losson Proparation Probability | Chapter UI] we NRA SE don 7 8 9 WHI 26 29 30 mr Effective Learning Mathematics | $3B 24. ‘The figure shows an afternoon tea menu of @ coffee shop. 28. 26. 27. i as oneal $22 é Se _ Chestnut cake $2: Judy comes to this shop and chooses one item in each category randomly from the menu, Find the probabilities that the total price of the chosen items (a) is not more than $40, (b) is over $46. Gap sor aii) The figure shows two wheels, one is evenly divided into five sectors and the other one into four sectors. A person rotates each wheel once and records the numbers on the sectors where the pointers stop at. Assume that there is an equal chance for the pointer of each wheel to stop at each sector, and the pointers do not stop at the boundaries. Find the probabilities of the following events. (a) The numbers obtained from both wheels are equal (b) The numbers obtained from both wheels are even numbers (©) The sum of the numbers obtained from the wheels is 5. (W) The product of the numbers obtained from the wheels is an odd number. There are 12 packs of potato chips, 14 packs of chocolate bars and m packs of mixed nuts in a box. If a pack of snack is ehosen from the box randomly, the probability of choosing a pack of potato chips is 2. Find the value of m There are 16 sports games and 12 action games on a shelf. (a) If a game is taken from the shelf at random, find the probability that an action game is taken. (b) How many sports games should be removed from the shelf so that the probability of taking a sports game at random is 1 1B Lesson Proparation 28, In group of 240 inervieweess ther Fequecis of king TST a taxi per week are recorded, 72 of them take a taxi once a week, 64 take it twice a week, 36 take it three times a week, 16 take it four times or above a week, and the rest do not take a taxi, If an interviewee is seleeted ai random, find the probabilities that the intervi ah iat the interviewee . wea {a) does not take a taxi, (b) takes a taxi less than three times a week 29, There are gates A, B, C and D in the Panda Park. Nestor enters. and leaves the park at two different gates chosen at random. Find the probabilities of the following events. (a) Nestor goes through gate D. (b) Nestor goes through gates A and C. 30, The following table shows the distribution of the students of 4 school joining a flag day si 2 3 Boy’ 20 18 v Git Is 2 28 If a student is randomly selected, find the probabilities that the student is fa) @S1 student, (b) 282 boy, (©) 283 student or a girl. 31. The stem-and-leaf diagram shows the age distribution of a group of people. Ifa person is selected at random from this group of | AB*istbuton of group of role people, find the probabilities that the age of the person is Stem (tens) | Leaf units) {a)_ more than 30, o | ssees 1 02446699 (b) an odd number, FI soscee (c) a multiple of 5. s | o2sases a | 4568 s | o22ss6 Effective Learning Mathematics | 3B 32. ‘The following table shows the distribution of the orders of main course in a restaurant, Main course Steak Lobster | Lam ehop Fish Number of order at - ee It is given that there are a total of 200 orders and the number of orders of lobster is more than that of lamb chop by 14, If an order is randomly selected, find the probabilities that it is an order of (a) lobster, (b) either steak or lamb chop. 2 33. There are two flavours of noodles, satay and sesame oil, in the cupboard. The number of packs of sesame oil noodles is more than that of satay noodles by 7. If « pack of noodles is selected at random from the cupboard, the probability of selecting a pack of sesame oil noodles sy How many packs of sesame oil noodles are there in the eupboatd? 34, There are 3 green socks (G,, G,, G,) and 2 yellow socks (¥,, Y,) in a drawer. 2 socks are drawn at random from the drawer. (a) List the sample space in the following table, and find the total number of possible outcomes. 2nd sock Istsock Gy G G, G, G, %B (b) Which of the following events has a smaller chance of happening? 1. Both socks are green. M. Both socks are yellow (©) Which of the following events has a greater chance of happening? 1. Both socks are of the same colour, Il. The socks are of different colours. 38, There are 3 oranges, | grapefruit and 2 lemons in a basket, and 2 pieces of fruit are randomly selected from there. Find the probabilities of the following events. (a) Different fruits are selected (b) None of the oranges are selected, (©) Atleast a lemon is selected. OED Iobster RE ee Probability | Chapter 36. Celine chooses from 1, 6 and 8 at random to form a three-digit number, where each number can be chosen only once. Find the probabilities that the three-digit number formed is (a) greater than 650, (b) a multiple of 7, (© a prime number. Ona eee eae uh EY) Relative frequency When we analyze data collected in statistical activities, we sometimes need to calculate the ratio of the frequency of a certain item to the total frequency. This ratio is called the relative frequency of the item, that is, Relative frequency can also be expressed a5.a Frequency of a certain item ercentage oF accima, Relative frequen ee ean Gor 11.2 © @ ihe table below shows the blood type distribution of 850 blood donors. Find the relative frequeney of each blood type Blood ype_| Number of people | Relative frequency A au B 204 AB 1 o an ©) Experimental probability According to Section 11.1, we can find that the probability of getting a ‘head’ when tossing fair coin is 2. We can aso estimate this probability by an experiment. relative Frequency #2817088 Effective Learning Mathematics | $3B Table 11.2 shows the results of an experiment in which a fair coin was tossed 100 times. (H stands for a *head’, T stands for a *tail”.) @ Tor Ww oH tT TP oH Pot? HoT oH HOT T T TO OH TOR HoT T H T H OT OW TOR T H KR T KH T TT TOR WOH KH T KH H HOW Hon oT H HN T WH TO HOW row oT To NT T H TOW HoT HOH KH T T H OT OW Tou ou or tT oH NH TP Tow roR Hv T HOH T OH Table 11.2 ‘Table 11.3 shows the cumulative number of heads for every 10 tosses: Numberoftosses | 10 20 | 30 40 | so | 60 | 70 | 80 | 90 | 100 Numberofheads | 3 7 12 16 | 24 | 31) 35 41 46) St Relative frequency of | 03 035) 04 | 04 | 0.480.517] 0.5 0513/0511] 0.51} —« Some of the relative getting heads frequencies have Table 113 been rounded aff to 3 significant figures, We can use a broken-line graph to show the relative frequency of getting heads in 100 tosses. Reltive frequency of getting heads in 100 tosses os dos £ os 3 03, He iH : a wb a 30 40 30 @ 7 8 90 110 Sims a Figure 11.2 ea Probability | Chapter LL] From Figure 11.2, we ean see that when we repeat an activity many times and observe the relative frequency of an event £, then Relative frequency of event £ = Probability of event £ We eall this relative frequency the experimental probability or empi probability of event £. Exp ility of event E 4 The experimental probabilities may Eee be different for each experiment. _ Number of trials favourable to event E Total number of trials If the probability of event £ is calculated by u probability in Section 11.1 ing the definition of >, it is called the theoretical probabil In theory, when we repeat an activity many times and observe the probability of an event £, we will find that Experimental probability of event E ity of event E y life, the probabilities of many events cannot be calculated. The following are some examples Throwing pin ona paper ond Therewilbe a caraccidentona The ee throw percentage getting the above sul, highway tomorow ofa basketball layer themes game In these situations, we need to use past statistical data and experimental probabiliti lites of these events. experimental probability FAH empirical probability 2H theoretical probability 3388 oe fective Learning Mathematics | $3B 2 Qleweaee ee SD PRETENTERY rcceinen pcaity The table below shows the number of tropical cyclones in Hong Kong between 1973 and 2012, recorded by the Hong Kong Observatory. Number of wopicalcyciones | 2 | 3 | 4) 3 | 6] 7] 8] 9/10) 0 Numberofyeas 2/3 3 | 6 (a) Estimate the probability that there are exactly 8 tropical eyelones in Hong Kong in a year. () Estimate the probability that there are less than S tropical eyelones in Hong Kong in a year. (a) Total number of years recorded F343+11+6+5+6424141 0 Probability that there are exacily 8 tropical cyclones in Hong Kong 4 years in total (b) Probability that there are less than 5 tropical eyelones in Hong Kong 2A3F3 consider the number of years With 2 to 4 tropical cyclones AGE © The number of bush fires on the same day in a district in winter for the past 20 years is as follows: ‘Number of bush fires cateceedays| ° | * | 2 | 3 | Sorat Number otdays | 320 | 435 484 | 308 256 etre go hiking in tna este ona day in winter estimate the probability that there re no bush fires. QW Esimare re probability tha there is more than 1 bush rein tht strict on a day in winter. Of EE © Part 1: Check Yourself Determine whether each of the following is true and circle your answer, (1 ~ 2) @Q 1. Experimental probability of event £ = oF ‘Number of outcome: I number of possible outeomes all the possible outcomes are equally likely to happen, @ 2. A coin is tossed 50 times. If the frequency of ge 1g ail is 3 probability of ge Part 2: Challenge Yourself favourable to event E | chapter . where ing a ‘tail’ is 24, then the experimental IK 1, The bar ehart shows the favourite ice-cream flavours of group of people living in a region. It is given that each person can choose only one favourite ice-cream flavour. Favourite ice-cream flavours of» group of people living ina region 6 0 umber of people Chocolate Strawberry Mango Others Favour Ifa person is selected at random from the region, estimate the probal ice-cream flavour of the person Ql is stawberry, @Q() isnot mango. 2. The table below shows the height distribution of $3 students in a school of a city. ities that the favourite Height (em) | 120-129 130-139 | 140-149 150-159 160-169 170-179 180-189 ‘Number of > 2 students "e B 8 6 30 6 Estimate the probabilities that the height of a $3 student in the city is Q (a) between 139.5 em and 169.5 em, Q (0) less than 139.5em (ea Effective Learning Mathematics | 3B arise 1p Level J) 1, Ina penalty kick practice, Ryan made 32 penalty kicks and he scored on 28 of them. Find the experimental probability that Ryan can score on a penalty kick. 2, 3 coins are tossed together 100 times, and the number of heads obtained is recorded as follows: Number of heads | 0 1 Frequeney | 3% 4 | 6 Find the experimental probability of getting only one “head 3. Thereare 4 ehoices of dessert in the set dinner menu, The following table shows the dessert choices of 80 customers who ordered the set dinner yesterday Dessert Cake | teeeream | Jelly | Pudding Number ofeustomers | 7 35 2 16 A customer who orders the set dinner today is chosen at random. Estimate the probability that the dessert choice of the customer is not a pudding, 4. Two dive are rolled together 100 times, and the difference between the two numbers obtained each time is recorded as follows: Difference | 0 1 2 3 4 3 Frequeney 9 3% | w |) Bs | Find the experimental probability that the difference between the two numbers obtained is an odd number. ez 3. To study about the traffic volume at a junction, a data collector has taken 250 records on the number of cars passing through the junetion when the green light is on, Number of cars | 2 3 4 5 6 Frequeney 32) as) ot | os | 8 Find the experimental probal the junction. ity that more than 4 ears pass through 6. Thesctual capacities of 80 cartons of 950 mL apple juice are measured, and the results are as follows: Capacity (mL) | 940-944 | 945-949 950-984 | 955-959 Number of eartons: 18 26 32 4 Find the experimental probability that there is less than 954.5 mL apple juice in a earton. 7. A candy manufacturer recorded the number of marshmallows in 100 packets and the results are as follows: Number of marshmallows en ao) a | a2 | as | ae | as | 46 Frequency w/o | 2 | is | 6) | 9 (a) Find the experimental probability of getting a packet with exactly 42 marshmallows. (b) If any packet with less than 42 marshmallows is below standard, find the experimental probability of getting a standard packet marshmallows. 8. A railway company recorded the delay of each train last week, and the results are as follows: Delay (min ° ' 2 3 dor above Number oftrains | 888 | 156 | 96 36 4 A passenger will take the train once next week, Estimate the probabilities that (a) there is no delay for the train, (b) the train delays 3 minutes or above ic="313) ea Probability | Chapter UL] oes ee Effective Learning Mathematics | S3B 9. ‘The bar chart shows the number of days eating out among a group of students last week, Number of days eating ext among 2 group of student ast week Number of studs ° 1 2 2 4 Sermo Number of days ate the A student from the group is chosen at random, Est probabilities of the following events. (@) The student will not eat out next week () The student will eat out exactly 3 days next week, (©) The student will eat out at least 3 days next week, 10, The cumulative frequency polygon shows the distribution Weights ofS3C students of the weights of the students in S3C. 8 If a student is chosen at random from $3, estimate the probabilities that the weight of the student is 8 (a) between 40 kg and 60 kg, (b) 50 kgor above. 8 ‘Cumulative frequency oY % 40 sao 70 a Weiaht (a) Level £7] 11, The following frequency distrib: manufacturer. table shows the weights of 100 mooneakes measured by @ Weight(g) | 201-210 | 211-220 | 221-730 231-240 | 241-250 251-260 Frequeney n B 21 16 18 2 Lesson Proparation Prob (a) Find the experimental probabilities that the weight of a mooncake (i) falls into the class interval 221g - 230g, (ii) lies between 210.5 g and 240.5 2 (b) If there are 20000 mooncakes, estimate the number of mooncakes whose weight are 230.5 or above. 12, 60 students are selected randomly from a school. The following table shows the number of musical instruments that these students ean play Number of musical instruments 0 1 2 | 3ormore Number of students 8 3 5 (a) Find the experimental probability that a student selected from the school ean play only | musical instrument (b) If 286 students from the school can play 2 musical instruments, estimate the total number of students in the school 13. Among 1 600 eggs, eggs are chosen at random and 4 of them are rotten, (a) If the relative frequeney of the rotten eggs to the chosen eaasis Es tind the valu of (b) Estimate the number of rotten eggs among these 1600 eggs. 14, There are a total of 27 yellow, red and black balls in a bag. Suzanne draws a ball at random from the bag, records its colour and then puts it back into the bag. This process is repeated 500 times, and the records are as follows: Colour of the ball | Yellow Red | Black Frequeney a2 264 | on (a) Find the experimental probabilities of drawing (i) ayellow ball, (ii) a red ball, (ii) @ black ball. (b) Estimate the number of balls of each colour the bag. fective Learning Mathematics | $3B 13. The following shows the information of the members of a cinema club. Age when joining the club | Under 30 years old 30 years old or above Gender Male ” 3 Female 289 43 From the data above, estimate the probabilities that the next new member of the club (a) joins the club when he/she is under 30 years old, (b) isa male, (©) isa female and she joins the club when she is under 30 years old. 16. The following shows the results of a survey at an MTR station about the reading patterns of free newspapers of passengers. Reading paar ——~""""| Male | Female Read City Daly only By 2 Read Fromtpage Daily only | 21 2 Read both newspapers 6 18 Read nether newspaper | 15 M If passenger is chosen from that station at random on a particular day, estimate the probabilities of the following events. (a) The passenger reads City Daily only. (b) The passenger reads Frontpage Daily. (©) The passenger is a female who does not read Frontpage Daily 17. To find out the number of pigeons in a region, scientists caught 100 pigeons and put a ring around their feet before letting them go. After a period of time, the scientists caught 100 pigeons again in the region and discovered that 8 of them had the rings around their feet (a) Find the relative frequeney of pigeons with the rings in the region (b) Estimate the number of pigeons in the region ee Probability | Chapter 11.3 Other Problems involving Probabilit ED Geometric probability When the possible outcomes of an activity are equally likely to happen, the probability of a relevant event can be calculated from the definition, But for some events involving geometric figures, their probabilities have to be determined by another method called geometric probability illustrated in the following examples. Draicese.en., DP Fred geomet abby wing PSESNT ES te tose nen st soycoe ture shows a rectangular dartboard ABCD. E, F and G are the | *———t6an + poimts lying on AD, AB and CD respectively such that AE = AF'= ED and DG=GC. A dart hits the dartboard at random, find the probability that the dart hits the shaded region 4 oem [Solution Analysis: The probability that the dart hits the shaded region isthe ratio of the area fof the shaded region to hat of the whole dartooard.) ‘Assume that the dart will not it the boundaries, Area of the shaded region 8x10 8x5 5x5). = [16x 10-FSE -AF2 FFF Jem? « outcomes iovorabie 175 o> “2° P(hits the shaded region) Ba classwork 1.7 AS) The figure shows a square dartboard ABCD. ACDE A s isa right-angled triangle. A dart hits the dartboard, at random, find the probability that the dart hits ‘the shaded region. ome ‘geometric probability SI natics | S3B liaaiteieurices 5.16 Fide gem pobaiy vol (REETTNTLY et trae ofc tgue Effective Learning The figure shows a piece of paper. ABCD and PORD are similar figures, 2 © and CR= RD. Ifa fly lands on the paper randomly, find the probability e that it lands on the shaded region. a fa A ? > Analysis: Since ACD and PORD are similar, we can use the square of the ratio of Corresponding sides to find the ratio of their areas.) Area of PORD_{ RD)? ‘Area of ABCD | CD RD ~|2Rb 4 Ratio of the area of the shaded region to that of the entire paper 4-1 a P(lands on the shaded region) AGE © Q the figure shows a piece of paper. ABCD 2nd 20m 4em_A AXYZ ate similar figures. fa fy lands on they z paper randomly, find the probability that ft # . Tands on the shaded region Siemens ED ih probably inveving (EERE? sn coy vn rome po The 3 signals, ‘Red’, ‘Green’ and ‘Flashing green’, are shown on a ry pedestrian traffic light in turns continuously according to the duration of each signal as shown in the figure. ® @& c 33 ne 1S8— De Probability | Chapter A’ person just arrives at the traffie light randomly, find the probabilities of the following events. (a) The ‘Flashing green’ signal is on. * *{b) ‘The ‘Red’ signal is on and the person needs to wait at least 15 seconds for the signal to turn “Green” (Goon Analysis: We can consider the duration of each signal in a cycle: ‘Red’ ~ ‘Green’ + ‘Flashing green’) (a) The duration of a cycle of signals = (33+ 15-+12)s _« All possible outcomes 60s Duration of the ‘Flashing green’ signal = 12s “Outcomes favourable tothe event P(-Flashing green") (D) [Analysis: Represent the situation on 2 time line and shade the region for the ‘outcomes favourable to the event. Tesla ee Tine Required probabilit SEE © The figure shows clock with hour, minute and ~ second ands ira person checks the ie tandem wth he doch ted thepobaies thatthe second hand Qi ses within tne shaded ego, 3 (b) will point at ‘12’ within 20 seconds. fective hematics | $3B Learning E> Expected value The manager of a cake shop knows that the number of chocolate cakes sold (x) on any day is given by a table of probabilities as follows. x ° 1 3 4 Probability | 0.1 | 02 | 03 | 03 | at Table 11.4 If the shop can make a profit of $50 for selling a chocolate cake, how ‘much profit can the shop make for selling chocolate cakes each day on average? In this question, ‘the average profit made’ by the shop from selling the chocolate cakes each day is called the expected value of the profit, and it ean be found by the formula below. If an activity has & possible outcomes, and each outcome corresponds to a value x and a probability p, asin the following table: Outcome | ist | 2nd | ed hah Value * nm | os % Probability |p) |p| m 4 Det pst Ppt BT then, the expected value of the activity is XP MP2 APs +o HNP Now, let us use this formula to solve the cake shop problem. We know Number of ehocotatecakessolday | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 Profit ($) o | so | 100 150 | 200 Probability o1 [02 | 03 | 03 | on Table 11.5 Expected value of the profit=$(0 0.1 +50 x 0,2 + 1000.3 + 150% 0.3 +200 0,1) = $105 The result means that on average the cake shop can make a profit of $105 for selling chocolate cakes each day. expected value 92 CEEEEonen REDINTALIIY ae eve vae Based on past records of an ice-eream shop, the number of vanilla ice-cream cones sold on Wednesday and their corresponding probabilities are as follows: Number of vanilla ice-cream conessold | | 2 5 ‘ Probability od | 01s | 02 | 0.25 id the expected value of the number of vanilla ice-cream cones sold on Wednesday. [Solution Expected value of the number of vanilla ice-cream cones sold on Wednesday =1X0442%0,15+3x0.244%0.25 3 SDE © The number of customers visting a beauty salon within a period of time and their corresponding probabilities are as follows Number ofcustomes | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 Probability oss | 025 | 015 | 00s Find the expected value of the number of customers visting the beauty salon within this period of time. [tater erie s.196 48-19, 2200) PREIIERTETIRS nt expects vive A charity organization issued 8000 raffle tickets for fund raising, and the prizes are as follows: First prize Sevond prize ‘Third prize Prize | $10000gift voucher $1000 gift voucher | $100 gift voucher Number of | winners ‘ ‘ " (a) Candy has | raffle ticket, Find the probabilities of the following events. (i) Win the first prize (ii) Win the second prize (ili) Win the third prize (iv) Without winning a prize. (b) Find the expected value of the prize won for each rafile ticket, (©) If each ticket is sold for $10, find the expected value of the fund raised by cach ticket. fective Learning Mathematics | $3B [Solution (a) (i) POvin the first prize) (ii) POovin the second prize (iii) P(ovin the third prize} iv) P(without winning a prizey= 2000-15 — 10 iv) Povithout winning a prize) 5000 = 499 (b) (Analysis: Prize | $10000 | $1000 | $100 | $0 a1 | | | a9 Probability | xoq3 | eos | moo | S00 | Expected value of the prize won for each raffle ticket 499 =5{ 10000% <5 + 100% 72 + 100 x sh + 0x 30% (c) Expected value of the fund raised by each ticket =S(10-2) Fel ciasowork it AS) The citcular dartboard is divided into 4 regions, O is the centre of the dartboard, and the prizes for diferent regions are $0, $6, $9 and $12. ‘A dart hits the dartboard at random, (3) Find the probobilites that the dart hits the following regions. 1) tre resi caring a price of 30 (i) The region carying a pie of $12 QB Fina the expected valu of the prize obtained for each throw. © "2 player bas to pay $8 for trowing each dar ind the expected value of the prize for each game. 11.34 of EEE TE © Part 1: Check Yourself Determine whether each of the followii and circle your answer, (I~ 2) Qo. Inthe of ident igure, the dartboard is made al triangles. A dart hits the dartboard at random, and the probability that the dart hits the shaded reyion is In a football match, the winning team will score 3 points and the losing team will score nothing. If ‘two teams draw, each of them will score | point. The probabilities for Tiger team to win, draw and lose in a match are 0.55, 0.25 and 0.2 respectively. The expected value of the score obtained by the team in each match is 1.9 points IK ty | Chapter Part 2: Challenge Yourself 1. (a) Inthe figure, the dartboard is made of identical rhombuses. A dart hits the dartboard at random, find the probabilities that the dart hits the regions of the following colours. QH Purple Qi) Orange Qi Blue ©) (0) A dart throwing booth has a dartboard as shown in (a). The booth charges 20 tokens for each participant to throw a dart on the dartboard. The prizes of the game are shown below. colourhit | <> <> Prize tokens) 6030 Colourhit | <> <> Prize(tokens) | 1S 3 Find the expected value of the number of tokens gained by the booth for each throw. a Effective Learning Mathematics | 3B Brice ne Level 1. Ifa dart hits each of the following figures at random, find the probability that it hits the shaded region, @ &) ) 2. The figure shows a square tile of sides 10. em. There is a circular region of radius 2em on the tile, A marble is rolling freely on the square tile until it stops. Find the probability that the marble does not stop at the circular region. (Express your answer in terms of.) 3. The figure shows a regular pentagonal plate with a similar pentagonal pattern drawn on it, The ratio of the length of a side of the bigger pentagon to that of the smaller pentagon is 4:3. If mosquito lands on the plate at random, what is the probabi that it lands on the purple region? (is=9s112) 4. The figure is a disc showing 2 concentric cireles. The radius of the larger circle is three times that of the smaller circle. [fa fly lands on the disc randomly, find the probability that it lands on the blue region, oem t 10cm e O ©) (ea 3. ‘The figure shows a circular arehery target. 2 smaller identical circles are drawn on the target, and the diameter of the larger cirele is twiee that of the smaller circle, If an arrow hits the target at random, find the probability that it hits the green region, 6. During the rush hour, a train arrives at the platform of a railway station every 2 minutes and stays there for 20 seconds. If Raymond arrives at the platform of the station at random during the rush hour, find the probability that a train is atthe platform. | 7. A boutique is selling a stack of T-shirts at its booth. The selling price and number of each type of T-shirts available are as follows: Selling price of each T-shirt $45 | sso | $ss | sso | $70 | $80 Number of Tshiets os | so | 6s | to | ao If Alison buys a T-shirt at random from the booth, find the expected value of the amount paid, 8. Benny often goes from Lai King to Central by MTR. He can either take a train of the Tsuen Wan Line or the Tung Chung Line, depending ‘on which train gets to the platform first, After travelling for a number of days, Benny finds that he has taken trains of the Tsuen Wan Line 7 out of 10 times on average. It is known that the times taken by trains of the Tsuen Wan Line and Tung Chung Line to get to Central are 22 minutes and 14 minutes respectively. (a) Find the probability of taking a train of each line by Benny. (b) Find the expected value of his travelling time on the MTR 9, A circular dartboard is divided into 3 regions. O is the centre of the dartboard, and the seores for different regions are 2, 4 and 6, A dart hits the dartboard at random, (a) Find the probabilities that the dart hits the following regions. Ww (i The region carrying a score of 2 (ii) The region earrying a score of 6 (b) Find the expected value of the score obtained for each throw. Effective Learning Mathematics | 3B 10. ‘The following bar chart shows the daily number of teapots sold in a store. Dally number of teapots sldina store 1 2 a 5 6 7 Number of teapots sls (a) Complete the following table Number of teaporssold |! 2 | 4 s | 6 | 7 Experimental probability (b) Estimate the expected value of the number of teapots sold LL, There are 30 dishes of sushi on the conveyor bel! of a Japanese sushi shop. The price and the quantity supplied for each type of sushi are woe | Mate | nee (@) Ifa dish of sushi is picked up at random from the eonveyor belt, find the probability of picking each type of sushi. (b) If Lisa takes a dish of sushi at random from the conveyor belt. find the expected value of the price of the dish of sushi conveyor belt BWR octopus A TED Lesson Proparation Probability | Chapter ALI 12, In the figure, a dartboard is divided into 25 equal parts. Hitt the green region scores 1 point, the white region takes away 5 points, and hitting the orange region seores 10 points, A dart hits the dartboard at random. {a) Find the probabilities that the dart hits the following regions. (i) Green region ii), White region (b) Find the expected value of the points scored for each throw. 13, There are 100 $3 students in a school, 23 of them are 14 years old, 49 of them are 15 years old and the rest are 16 years old. If a $3 student is selected at random, find the expected value of the age of the student. 14, There are some novels and magazines on a shelf. 35% of them are Chinese novels, 20% of them are English novels, and the rest are magazines. Chinese novels weigh 164g each, English novels weigh 115g each, and magazines weigh 250 g each. If a book is selected at random from the shelf, find the expected value of its weight. tev 15. Jeffrey always arrives at the school entrance between 8:00 a.m. and #220 a.m. at random during the school yeat, as shown in the figure, ij Cscpinay head con dutyatentance i ‘Tested as alate arrival TNT T ‘200m ‘bosem, ‘si0am easam 200m, Time (a) [fon arrival at 8:05 a.m. or after is treated as a late arrival, find the probability that Jeffrey is late, (b) The disciplinary head is on duty at the school entrance starting. from 8:15 a.m. every day. Find the probability that Jeffrey but he does not mect the disciplinary head. fective Learning Mathematies | $3B 16. ‘The figure shows a semi-eireular dartboard with three semi-circles on it. Their diameters are AD, BD and CD, and AB=BC=CD. Ifa dart hits the dartboard at random, find the probability that the dart hits the blue region. 17. The number of members of each family in a housing estate and their corresponding probabilities are as follows: Numberoffamily | 2 | 3 | 4 | s | 6 | 7orabove ‘members 2 Probability 0.04) x |o28|oss|or4|oo 0 (a) Find the value of x, (b) Find the expected value of the number of members of a family in the housing estate. 18. The figure shows # circular track with O as its centre. There are 2 marbles rolling along the track and each of them will stop at @ random position. A prize will be given if the angle at the centre formed by these two marbles with O is less than or equal to 60° when they stop rolling. Find the probability of winning a prize. * "19, ‘The figure shows rectangle ABCD where 4B: BC=1:2. Ifa point P chosen at random within the rectangle, find the probability that ZPBC is not greater than 45°, 20, ‘The figure shows @ circular dartboard. A rectangle of dimensions 40 cm x:80em is inseribed in the dartboard. Ifa dart hits the circular dartboard at random, find the probability that it hits the shaded region, (Express your answer in terms of f.) Oe) Lesson Proparation Probability | Chapter ALI 21. ut of 10 000 raffle tickets, 4 of them will win a prize. There are one first prize in cash of $300000, and three second prizes in cash of $1000 each. (a) Find the expected value of the prize won for each raffle ticket. * *(b) If a person buys a raffle ticket for S40, does he win or lose on average? Explain your answer. 22. To join a lucky draw game, each participant has to pay a fee of $20. According to the rules, the participant needs to draw a ball at random from a box with | red ball and 3 white balls, put it back and then draw a ball at random again. If both balls are red the participant will win $100: if the balls are of different colours, the participant will win $20; if both balls are white, the participant will not win any cash prize. (a) Find the probabilities of drawing (i) 2 red balls, (ii) 2 balls of different colours, (iii) 2 white balls (b) Find the expected value of the prize for each game 23, The following is a game in an amusement park. As shown on the right, a player needs to throw a token of diameter 2em onto the table, where the table top is divided into identical 3 em x 3 cm squares by lines. A prize is given if the token thrown, does not touch the lines on the table. Cathy throws a token onto the table at random and the centre of the token lies within the table. (a) If the token lies on square ABCD without touching 4B, at least how far should the centre of the token be away from 4B? (b) If the token lies on square ABCD without touching its boundaries, what is the area of the region formed by the possible locations of the centre of the token? (©) Find the probability of winning a prize by Cathy, amusement park 2% im Lesson Proparation Effective Learning Mathematics | 3B SRSA @ 1. Probal ty am) (ay P(e) Number of outcomes favourable to event E Total number of possible outcomes, ‘where all the possible outcomes are equally likely to happen. (b) 0 region? 22. Fora period of time, the waiting times of the people at a bus stop and their corresponding probabilities are as follows: Waiting time (minutes) | 0 ' 2 3 4 s | 6orabove Probability os | ois | 03s x on , o If the expected value of the waiting time is 2.4 minutes, find the values of x and y 11.48 ‘Answers Lesson Proparation 23. A charity organization issues 10.000 charity raffle tickets of $20 each. There are | first prize with a travel voucher worth $8000, 2 second prizes with domestic appliance vouchers worth $4 000 each, and 10 third prizes with meal vouchers worth $1000 each. {a) Find the expected value of the prize won for each rafile ticket. () What is the difference between the price of a ticket and the expected value of the prize won for the ticket? * “{e) Is it reasonable to have the difference in (b)? Explain your answer. 24. The figure below shows a traffic network connecting towns A, B and C. fridge Bridge I fidget Tumele iors) Neh___ve/ Tony drives from town A to town € through town B every day. His driving habits are as follows: From town Ato town 8 From town B to town C Probability | Travelling time Probability | Traveling time Use of Bridge | 02 22 min UseofTunnelx 0.8 25 min Use of Bridge | 04s 16min Use of TunelY 0.46 30 min Use of Bridge IIL x 20 win {a) (i) Find the expected value of the driving time of Tony from town A to town B. ii) Find the expected value of the driving time of Tony from town B to town C (b) Find the expected value of the driving time of Tony from town A to town C. 25, The following is a game in a funfair 4 identical 5 table. A part mX Sem squares are drawn on a 20emx 20cm ipant needs to throw a circular coin of diameter 2m onto the table. If the coin lies on a square without touching, the boundaries, 10 tokens will be given. Richard throws a coin onto the table and the centre of the coi within the table. lies (a) If the coin lies on square ABCD without touching its boundaries, what is the area of the region formed by the possible locations of the centre of the coin? (b) If Richard pays S tokens to play the game, find the expected value of the number of tokens obtained by Richard for each game. Lesson Proparation Effective Learning Mathematics | 3B 26. The frequency distribution table below shows the sales volumes of fruit juices in a fruit juice shop last week. Juice Watermeton | Orange | Apple Pear Others Sales volume 13s No 88 | 10s os (cup) (a) Find the experimental probabilities cup of st a customer buys a orange juice. (ii) pear juice or apple juice a “(b) The following table shows the profit made by the shop for each cup of fruit juice. Juice | Watermelon | Orange | Apple | Pear | Others Profit (S) 5 48 4 6 3 ‘The shop owner claims that the expected value of the profit made for each cup of fruit juice is more than $4.8. Do you agree? Explain your answer. (©) It is given that 900 cups of fruit juices are sold this week. Estimate the sales volume of pear juice this week 27. The figure shows a circular dartboard formed by two concentric circles of radii 8cm and 16cm. A dart hits the dartboard at random. Ifthe dart hits region I ot 11, 20 points will be scored. If the dart hits regions IL and 1V, 3 points and 8 points will be CMD» scored respectively. No points will be scored if the dart hits the oy) unshaded regions. (a) Find the probabilities of hit (region I, Gi) region IV. (b) If the expected value of the points scored for each throw is 3.35 points, find the angle at the centre of the sector representing region III 28, In an examination, there are 40 multiple choice questions. To prevent students from choosing an answer randomly, x marks will be deducted for each wrong answer, and 3 marks will be given for each right answer. Assume that each question has 4 choices and only one of them is the correct answer. (@) If all questions in the examination are answered at random, what is the expected value of the marks of each question? (Express your answer in terms of x.) (b) If all questions in the examination are answered at random, what is examination marks? (Express your answer in terms of x.) the expected value of the (©) If the teacher expects the students who have answered all questions at random to get zero marks, find the value of x 29, 5 coins are tossed together several times. The number of tails obtained is recorded as follows. Number Number lo 1 2 | a las Frequency! 10 62 78 | 74 | of | 12 Find the experimental probability of getting at iter Sie 1 & 730 " a 8 c D. 30, The stem-and-leaf diagram shows the distribution of the test scores of a group of students. If a student is chosen from the group randomly, find the probability that the score of the student is not greater than 67 marks, Tes scores ofa group of sudents Stem (10 mas) | Lest macy 6 | o1asr? 7 | 1245899 2 | o1346 9 | 2 7 A a B. iG v, (asa HSE 012 Naa A) Lesson Preparation Prob 31. The pie chart shows the distribution of the favourite sports of the teenagers in group, It is given that each teenager can pick only one favourite sport. If a teenager is chosen from the group randomly, find the probability that the favourite sport of the teenager is badminton, Favourite sports of the teenagers in a group “9 32. A cube ABCDEFGH is thrown on the ground There is an equal chance of touching the ground by each face of the cube. Find the probability that vertex 4 does not touch the ground ye q Lb ground & a 1 AS 3 BS 1 3 i | D. 3 Effective Learning Mathematics | 3B wr 33. 6.4@ is a 3-digit number, where A and @ Me are integers from 0 to 9 inclusive. Find the probability that the 3-digit number is an even number, ad oa Te OSE wa vatha 7) There are 14 black balls ina bag, and the rest are white balls. If the probability of drawing 1 a black ball at random is 54, find the number of white balls in the bag. AL 10 B. 14 c. 26 D. 30 From five cards marked 2, 3, 5, 7 and 9, two cards are drawn at random, Find the probability that the sum of the numbers on the eards drawn is divisible by 3. Ss : 3 4 Lesson Proparation 36. A convenience store sells orange juice, apple juice and pineapple juice for the prices of $8, $12 and $15 respectively. The probabilities that Mandy buys orange juice, apple juice and pineapple juice are 0.6, 0.3 and 0.1 respectively. Find the expected value of the amount paid by Mandy for juice. A no s93 &. 96 b. 599 oO 37. The figure shows a circular dartboard of diameter 20m. There are 2 identical blue circles of diameter 2.cm and a blue sem of diameter Sem on the dartboard, If a dart hits the dartboard at random, find the probability that it hits the blue regions. rele

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