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    (ee Learning Mathematics | S3B Pyramids, Circular Cones and Spheres Why? Dos yew nant eral bts one? Mur, con you ake ‘aller ce-ereom 10.1 Pyramids .. pins 10.2 Circular Cones... p10 10.3 Spheres... 21031 10.4 Mensuration Formulae... 1043 10.5 Similar Solids... a14s Objectives ‘© Understand and use the formulae for the volumes and surface areas of pyramids, circular cones and. spheres. * Distinguish between forrulae for length, cea and volume by considering cimensions. © Understand and use th between sides, surface volumes of similar solids. ‘Dees it make ony difference? eee ca sei) balls with equal weight. IFeach ice-cream ball is dipped into melted chocolate, ee i ec cd Boece eat fective Learning Mathematics | 3B @ Quick Review [6] Key Nores J EY) Perimeters of plane figures @ ‘ () 7 b 7 d Perimeter of a square=4¢ (©) (a) Perimeter of @ rectangle =2(¢+w) i = 2mr = 2x Circumference= 2m Are length= 252 Perimeter of a sector —42r E)) Areas of plane figures © p>——y O —na b J b d Area of a squar () —_1 4 Area of a triangle «@ Area of a rectangle=éw —o Area of a parallelogram =bh Losson Proparation amy 1. The figure shows a circle. Find Its clrcumference. (Give your answer correct to 3 significant figures, Ans: 2 he figure shows» sector. Find its area. (Give your answer correct to 3 significant figures.) am ch Tem Ans: Pyramids, Cirular Cones and Spheres | Chapter : E\ : ——— Area of a trapezium Area of a cirele= mr? 1 ary at byh (g) Area ofa sector = 17? x2, 300" GD Volumes of right prisms and cylinders >. The figure shows aright prism, Find its volume eight) oc Bac ara a) ne Volume of a cuboid =!wh Volume of a right prism =Ah Volume of a right eylinder= rh fective Learning Mathematics | $3B my we 4. Te Figure shows aright > Total surface areas of right cylinders Se ee The curved surface of a right cylinder becomes a rectangle when it is area. (Give your answer correct unfolded. to 3 significant figures.) e scm = ' 2a —a aks COS Total surface area of a right eylinder = Curved surface area + Total area of the top and bottom eireles ork + 21? 3) Areas of similar figures >. the figure shows a pair of Sint igures Find [L on vem ea=xem?——-Aeea=10 (a) In AVON, y 16 em 6c =8em vo"+oNn* (Pyth, theorem) 6°+8") em? (00 em? VN=10 em Area of AVAB= 3% 16% 10 em? ‘Oem? Total surface area of the pyramid Area of AVAB X 4 + Base area 804+ 16% 16) c1 376 cm? (b) In AVAN, 1 AN=$x16 em =8em oem VAb= VNU AN (Pyth. theorem) 10° +8*) em? Mam 164 em? V4 =128 om (corr. to 3 sig. fig.) The length of the slant edge of the pyramid is 12.8em fective Learning Mathematics | $3B DIE © In the figure, the height of right pyramid VABCD is 12¢m, and its base is a square of side 7-em. {@) Find the total surface area of the pyramid. {b) Find the length of the slant edge of the pyramid (Give your answers correct to 3 significant figures if necessary.) area ec105 17 A DEEEIENTIGG? ns src nesta etn The figure shows a tent in the shape of a right rectangular pyramid. Given that 4B=6 m, BC=4 m and VA=S m, find the surface area of the tent, (Give your answer correct to 1 decimal place.) Solutio In AVAM, y 1 AM=4x6m sm VME +4M?=VA> — (Pyth, theorem) VM? + 3?m?= 52m a VM?=16 m? yM=4m Area of AVAB= 364 12m? In ABN, h =tx4m=2m By=4xa sm VN?+BN7=VB° — (Pyth. theorem) VN? +2?m?= 5? m’ VN 1m? vv=2m ‘tea of APBC=4x 4x 2m? 221m? Surface area of the tent Area of AVABX 2+ Area of AVBC 2 = (12242421 x2) m? 42.3 m2 corr. to 1 dp.) ADEE © @ the figure shows a crystal in the shape of a sight x fevtangulor pyramid. Given that AB Gem, SC Bem and YG=9 crm, find the total surface area ofthe cyst (Give em your answer correct to 1 decimal place.) fac XD “ans ie a Pyramids, Cirular Cones and Spheres | Chapter OC Eee © Part 1: Check Yourself 2. The figure shows @ pyramid VABC. Its base is an isosceles right-angled triangle Determine whether each of the following true and circle your answer. (1 — 3) ABC. If AB=AC=30 em, VM= 5934 em 1A tight pyramid has. uniform and the volume of the pyramid is ‘eross-sections wiK 3000.em?, v Hem GQ» All the stant edges of a right soem pyramid are equal in length, viK q , Qs. All the lateral faces of a right pyramid are equilateral triangles. 4/ x Qa) find the height V4 of the pyramid, Part 2: Challenge Yourself @) find the total surface area of the pyramid. (Give your answer correct 1. The base of a solid metal pyramid @ 1. The base of a solid metal pyramid is a ea a aa square of side 10em. The pyramid i melted and recast into another solid pyramid with a square base of side 4m Find the ratio of the height of the original pyramid to that of the new pyramid, Bearise ro [In this exercise, give your answers correct to 3 sig ret] ind the volume of each of the following pyramids. (1 — 4) 1. The height is Sem and the base is a square of side 3. em. x ficant figures if necessary.] fective Learning Mathematis | $3B 2. The height is 10cm and the base is a rectangle of dimensions 9emx Gem 3. The height is 13cm and the base is a right-angled triangle of adjacent sides 4m and 6em 4. ABCDEFGH is a cube of side 6cm. BG is the height of pyramid EFGHB. 5. The figure shows @ pyramid VABC. Its base ABC is an isosceles socm y right-angled triangle, If 48 =4C=48em and VB=VC=52em, i find the volume of pyramid VABC, =e) “ a . 6. In the figure, the height of pyramid VABC is 14cm, and its base is y an equilateral triangle of side 10 cm. Find the volume of pyramid VABC then y c oem a 3 cer Lesson Proparation Pyramids, Circular Cones and Spheres | Chapter 7. Inthe figure, VABCD is a right pyramid. Its base ABCD is a square of side 6em. £ is a point on BC such that VELBC and oem VE= 10cm. Find the total surface area of the pyramid. 8, ‘The tent FABCD in the figure is in the shape of a right pyramid, and its base is a rectangle of dimensions 80cm x 120em. It is given that VE = 100m and VF=40{5 em. (a) Find the total surface area of the tent (including the base). (b) Find the length of the slant edge of the tent. Gann 9, ‘The volume of a pyramid is 196 em? If its base is a square of side 7em, find the height of the pyramid. 10. The height of a pyramid is Sem and its volume is 95em*. Find the base area of the pyramid. 11, Figure I shows a rectangular box with two solid right pyramids perfectly fit inside. 1" ‘ 4 Px | 1a vx Per } pm 7 ic * a *e zm oi" A 2m 8 Figure FigureIt {a) Find the volume of pyrai of WPORS in Figure 1 in terms “tb Figure 11 shows another rectangular box with a solid right pyramid perfectly fit inside. Betty claims that the total volume of pyramids WPQRS and VPORS in Figure | is equal to the volume of pyramid VABCD in Figure II. Do you agree? Explain your answer. fective Learning Mathematics | $3B Eg 12, The volume of a square-based right pyramid is S88cm’ and its height is 9em (a) Find the lenath of each side of the base of the pyramid. (b) Find the total surface area of the pyramid. 13. ‘The base of @ solid metal pyramid is a rectangle of dimensions Semx9em. If it is melted and recast into a square-based solid ‘metal pyramid with the height of 1.25 times the original height, find the length of each side of the square base. 14, ‘The height of a pyramid is 2m and its base is a square of side 1.5m, After putting this pyramid inside a cubieal tank of side 2m, the tank is fully filled with water. (2) Find the volume of the pyramid “(b) If the pyramid is taken out from the tank, will the water level eerease by more than 4 of the original? Explain your 18. The figure shows the base of a warning sign in the shape of a right frustum. The height of the frustum is 42¢m, and its upper and lower bases are squares of sides 20cm and 30cm respectively. If the height of the original pyramid is 126cm, find the volume of the base of the warning sign. 16, The figure shows a square-hased right frustum, where v B= 12em, PO=8%em and N¥=6em. AS (a) Using similar triangles VXY and VMN, find the height of the GaN pyramid ABCD. (b) Hence find the volume of the frustum 4BCDSPQR. 18. 19. 20. Pyramids, Cirular Cones and Spheres | Chapter ure, the length of the slant edge of a right pyramid is 10 em, and its base is a rectangle of dimensions 9emx 8 em (a) Find the height of the pyramid, (b) Find the volume of the pyramid. (©) Find the total surface area of the pyramid The figure shows the net ofa right pyramid with a square base of side 16cm, The length of the slant edge is [7em. (a) Find the total surface area of the pyramid. (b) Find the height of the pyramid. (©) Find the volume of the pyra Figure I shows @ tetrahedron ABCD with its triangular base BCD lying on a horizontal table. It is given that BD =8em, DC= 1Sem, BC= 170m and AD=8em, ? Figure Figure IL (a) (i) Find the area of triangular base BCD. (ii) Find the volume of ABCD. (b) As shown in Figure Il, the position of tetrahedron ABCD changes. Its lateral face AABC is now lying on the horizontal table. (i) Find the area of the lateral face AABC. ii) Find the height from the vertex D to the table, The figure shows an werted right pyramid vessel with a square base ABCD of side 24 em. There is 1280 em’ of water in the vessel and the depth of water is 15m (a) Find the length of PQ. (b) Find the area of the wet surface of the vessel. (9) Find the height of the vessel 'd) If more water is added to the vessel such that the depth of water becomes 18cm, will the area of the wet surface of the vessel inerease by more than 80%? Explain your answer. (OSE HI WRIT) Lesson Preparation oem Effective Learning Mathematics | $3B If the base of a pyramid becomes a cirele, the pyramid becomes a circular cone vers vertex | | i sant Sloneight Slant hight, eight Feat of perfendcuar pendiaise tombe water ‘orsnnheoates @ oy Figure 10.6, If the centre of the base circle is the foot of perpendicular from the vertex, the cireular cone is a right cireular cone (see Figure 10.6(6)). In a right circular cone, all slant heights are equal. Ifa cireular cone is eut into two parts by a plane that is parallel to its base, the lower part is called a frustum. (See Figure 10.7) Cireular cone »> Figure 10.7 When a right cireular cone is cut into two equal halves as shown in Figure 10.8, the eross-seetion is an isosceles triangle VA. y ‘cent Figure 10.8 VOLAB O=P4e (Pyth. theorem) oy slant height 25 Pyramids, Circular Cones and Spheres | Chapter EVD Volumes of circular cones Consider a pyramid with the base of a regular polygon. If the number of sides of its base keeps increasing, we can treat the pyramid as a cireular cone, (See Figure 10.9) O vo Figure 10.9 » > EO Therefore, volume of a circular cone =+X base area x height. If the base radius of a circular cone is r nd its height is h, then os ye | Volume of a circular cone=3 17h 4 2 . (REEL? Fi tn votne ot Find the volume of a right base radius of 6 em. (Express your answer in terms of 7.) [Solution Volume of the circular cone=+X 7 x6? x 13 cm? 1567 em? SDE © Find the volume of aright circular cone with the slant height of 16cmand height of 9cm. (Express your answer in terms of ) 13cm fective Learning Mathematies | $3B Dlnwestacis/esso0ns ED PREETI? ster vig ne valune of sce cone a* The base radius of a solid metal cylinder is 3em and its height is L0cm. It is melted and recast into a solid right cireular cone of base radius Sem. Chris claims that the eireular cone is higher than the eylinder by more than Lem. Do you agree? Explain your Sem [Solution > Let hem be the height of the circular cone, Volume of the circular cone = Volume of the eylinder dxmxs?xh=ax3*x10 3 pa 2103 25 = 108 Height of the circular cone ~ Height of the eylinder (10.8= 10) em =0.8em curved surface areas of right circular cones Figure 10.10(a) shows a hollow right circular cone, If we cut it along VA and open it up, we will get seetor VABA' as shown 10.10(b). Figure t =» . , i Figure 10.10 ireumference of the base of the cireular cone ar According to Figure 10.10(b) and the concept of ratios, we see that area of the sector___length of are ABA’ area of the circle circumference of the circle length of are ABA’ area of the sector = Neneh OF ae ABA area of the circle Ine aps 2m. ane =m Therefore, Curved surface area of a minder oral surface area ofa sight where ris the base radius and ¢ is the slant height. sirculor cone = RE #8 [Rete Brera ts.108 13-5 Find the curved surface area and PRRETIEELIGY scone ots voicresrcone In the figure, the slant height of the right circular cone is 1Sem and its base radius is 9 em (a) Find its curved surface area (b) Find its volume. (Give your answers correct to 3 significant figures.) fective Learning Mathematics | $3B (a) Curved surface are: x 9x15 em? 24 em? (corr. to 3 sig, fig.) (b) Let Hom be the height of the circular cone. In A¥OQ, y 49 =15" (Pyth, theorem) w=144 heal Nyse n=12 Volume of the cireular cone om al 2 3 = 5X09? x 12 om = 1020 em? (corr. to 3 sig. fig.) SDE © inthe igure the ant eight ofthe ight crear Cones 19 ands bese dameter scm Qe Firs ttt sroce nen (6 Find its volume {Give your answers corect to 3 significant fowes) Simm. r00 0 GD Problems involving he curved surface PREEEENTNOPS sca vomereor coe The following figure shows a piece of paper sector of radius 10m and angle at the centre 216°. It is rolled up into a right conical cup. woes Cs 9 7 foc (a) Find the radius of the mouth of the conieal cup. (b) Find the height of the conical cup. (©) Find the capacity of the conical cup. (Give your answer correct to 3 significant figures.) Pyramids, Circular Cones and Spheres | Chapter [Solution (a) Let rem be the radius of the mouth of the conical cup Curved surface area of the conical cup = Area of the sector x1oeax 10x 2 Hx rx 10= x 10x 5 r=6 The radius of the mouth of the eonical cup is 6em (b) Let hem be the height of the conical cup. om WP+6'= 10? (Pyth. theorem) heal room Bem, ht of the conical cup (©) Capacity of the conical eup= 47 x6? x8 em? 302 em? (corr. to 3 sig. fig.) Sry © “he folowing figure shows a sector of atin sheet of radius 15cm. Is rolled up into the shape of right culo cone sen i Ge > te) Fina she base radius ofthe cinelar cone (b) Find the height ofthe circular cone (0 Find the volume ofthe crear cone. (Give your answer correct to 3 significant foures if necessary) lmerttarta/..08 15-17 EEZETIER TATRA” find the volume and surace area of rightfrustum ‘The figure shows a container formed by an inverted right frustum of Sem deep. The base radii DM and CW are 15cm and 9 cm respectively. (a) Find the capacity of the container. find the area of the (b) If the container does not have a cover, material required to make the container. (Give your answers correct to 3 significant figures.) Effective Learning Mathematics | $3B Solution (analysts: o . 2ST 7 > 4 y ¥ ) (a) Let N= hem 2 sem AVDM~ AVCN (AAA) \ een som DM. (corr. sides, ~ As) © |W hem v VM=VN+NM =(12+8)em =20em Volume of circular cone VAD = 4% 7x 15? X20 cm? = 15007 em? Volume of circular cone 7BC=4 xx x9" x 12 em? = 324m em? Capacity of the container= (1.500m ~ 324m) = 3690 em? (corr. to 3 sig. fig.) (b) In AFDM, VD? = DM + VM (Pyth. theorem) = (15? +20?) em? = 625 em* VD =25 cm In AVC) (Pyth. theorem) crrz) Reminder ‘The bases ofa frustum are 2 parallel planes. Therefore, (CDH An Example 10.10. Pyramids, Circular Cones and Spheres | Chapter Curved surface area of the container rea of sector VD'D ~ Area of sector VC'C - ~ CY HX 1S X28 —MX9X 1S) em? « Curved surface area td 7 es 2 of right cireulae ° a 8 6 = 240 cm’ cone= av Base area of the container x9? em? =817 em? Area of the material required 240+ 81) cm? 1010 em? (corr. t0 3 sig. fig) AtEm © ‘The figure shows a right circular cone of base radius Vem and height 14cm. If a smaller right circular cone is cut away from the top of the larger circular cone and the height of the remaining frustum is 7em, _* ES’ Q 01d ne voIume ofthe fas, (bifid the otal surface aves ofthe stom (Give your answers conectt0 3 signcont gues) pee He Part 1: Check Yourself @ 2. Find the curved surface area of the ‘Choose the correet answer for each of the following right cireular cone. following questions, (1 ~ 2) @ |. Find the volume of the following right ey 20m circular cone. A. 480r c} B. 1920n cm* = => Effective Learning Mathematics | 3B = => Part 2: Challenge Yourself @ 2. The figure shows two right circular cones P bh Woiocopacinineperban and Q. Find the ratio of the volume of P to of three parts. | and Il are both right that of Q cylinders, while III is a right circular gyn stem cone. x iS 3 Ba } Fight crear cone P Fight creularcone a aon t sem — 91 @ (@) Find the volume of the spinning top and express your answer in terms oft. @ © Find the total surface area of the spinning top. (Give your answer correct to 3 significant figures.) Bgpise 10B [In this exercise, unless otherwise stated, give your answers correct to 3 significant figures if necessary. ] Level €] ‘The following are some information of right circular cones. Complete the table and express the volume in terms of r Base radius (em) | Height (em) Volume (em*) 4 3 3 100% 2 324m 8 3208 Pyramids, Circular Cones and Spheres | Chapter 2. Find the volume of a right eircular cone of height 9em and base radius 4m 3. The figure shows a right circular cone of slant height 10cm and height Gem. (a) Find the base radius of the circular cone. (b) Find the curved surface area of the circular cone. (Express your answer in terms of 7.) sure shows a right circular conical eup. Its slant height is Tem and the radius of its mouth is 2cm. If the cup is fully filled with water, (a) find the area of the wet surface, (b) find the volume of water. 5. A right circular cone is formed by rotating a right-angled triangle ABC about the axis 48 through 360°, If AB=12 em and BC=Sem, find the curved surface area and volume of the cireular cone, 6. The figure shows an hourglass which consists of two right circular cones of base radii 4em. If the height of the hourglass is 12em and the height of the larger circular cone is hem, find the total volume of the two circular cones. Sem. em Lesson Proparation hourglass 2 10. fective Learning Mathematies | $3B 7. A cylindrical bucket of base radius 13 em and height 10.em is fully filled with water, All the water is poured from the bucket to a right circular conical container of base radius 20cm. Now, the container is fully filled with water, 20cm (a) Find the volume of water in terms of x. *(b) Alan claims that the bucket and the container have the same height. Do you agree? Explain your answer, 8. A rectangular container of height 4m has a square base of side 7.em and it is fully filled with water. If a right circular conical container of height 12cm is used to hold all the water in the rectangular container, what is the minimum base radius of the conical container? em 9. A right circular cone fits perfectly in a cubieal box of side 6 em. (a) Find the volume of the circular cone. iA (b) Find the ratio of the volume of the circular cone to that of f the cubical box. bom (Express your answers in terms of 7.) em oom fo. the figure shows an ice-cream cone where the volume of the e-eream is 400em', The height of the cone is 12¢m and it is fully filled with ice-cream, The ratio of the volume of ice-cream outside the cone to that inside the cone is 3:5. Find the base radius of the ice-cream cone. em Lesson Proparation Pyramids, Circular Cones and Spheres | Chapter WLU "It. The figure shows an opened umbrella with its surface in the shape of a right circular cone. The area of the umbrella. surface is 3200mem®, At noon, the sun is vertically above the umbrella and the area of the shadow Unb surface made by the umbrella on the ground is 27007 cm’, / (a) Find the radius of the shadow. Lenath (b) Fiona claims that the length of the umbrella should | be more than 60m. Do you agree? Explain your answer. Level 12. The figure shows a solid formed by a right eylinder and a right eireular cone. (a) Find the volume of the solid. (b) Find the total surface area of the solid, 13. A sector is rolled up into a right circular cone as shown in the figure (a) Find the hase radius of the circular cone, (b) Find the volume of the eireular cone. 14, The figure shows a paper sector rolled up into a right circular conical popcorn cup. The slant height of the popcorn cup is 20cm, while the circumference of its base is 50cm. fa) Find the area of the paper sector. “(b) If the paper costs $6/m?, is $50 enough to buy the paper for making 200 popeorn cups? Explain your answer. 15. The fi (a) Find the base radius BV. (b) Find the volume of the frustum. (©) Find the total surface area of the frustum. (eae es eka) uure shows an inverted right frustum, fective Learning Mathematics | $3B 16. A right circular conical funnel of diameter 13 em and height 13cm is fully filled with water. If the water level drops by ‘Sem, find the volume of the water dripping out from the funnel. 17, ‘The figure shows the curved surface of a right frustum covered by rolling up cardboard ABDC. (a) Find the radii of the upper base and lower base of the frustum (b) Find the volume of the frustum in terms of m. (e) Find the area of cardboard ABDC in terms of f. (DIB. In the figure, the height and base radius of a right circular cone are both rem. If the height and base radius of a right cylinder are also rem, what is the ratio of the curved surface area of the circular cone to that of the eylinder? (Leave your answer in surd form.) 19, Figure I shows a right circular conical container made of a thin metal plate, The container is cut along AB and unfolded to obtain the sector BC as shown in Figure II. Figure IL Figure I (a) Itis given that the base radius of the container is 4cm and the area of the sector ABC is 487 em’, (i _ Find the slant height of the container. (ii) Find 2B4C. i) Find the arc length of the sector ABC in terms of 1. 10.30 Lesson Preparation Pyramids, Circular Cones and Spheres | Chapter (b) The metal plate ABD is formed by cutting away sector ACD from sector ABC, where ZBAD: ZCAD=2:1, as shown in Figure Ill. Find the base radius of the right circular cone formed by rolling up the sector ABD. Figure IIT aR re Ea 3) 20. The figure shows an inverted right circular conical vessel of height 30cm. The vessel contains 15007 em? of water and the depth of water is 20em (a) (i) Find the radius of the water surface. Find the base radius of the vessel. Find the area of the wet curved surface of the vessel in terms of 2. ‘iy. There is another inverted right circular conical vessel of height 40.cm and base radius 30cm. This larger vessel contains some water and the area of the wet curved surface is the same as that of the vessel shown in the figure. Is the volume of water in the larger vessel smaller than, greater than or equal to 1 $007 em*? Explain your answer. aaa HCE 87 Ho) (iim _—. Figure 10.11(a) shows a sphere. When a sphere is cut along a plane which passes through its centre, it is divided into 2 equal parts and cach part is called a hemisphere. (See Figure 10.11(b)) cente adus / Centre Sphere Hemisphere ® © Figure 10.11 hemisphere Fi fective Learning Mathematics | $B EVD Volumes of spheres Archimedes (287 BC-212 BC), a great Greek mathematician, discovered that when a sphere fitted perfectly in a right cylinder which was full of water, 3 of the water was spilled out. ¥v Figure 10.12 5, the volume of the sphere is equal to 2 that 3 According to his fin of the cylinder, If the radius of the sphere is r, then + >) base radius of the cylinder height ofthe eylinder = 27 x | volume of the sphere = 2 volume of the cylinder Is s 2 2 =F (EXP Ir) Figure 10.13 afta =har We can see from the above that where r is the radius of the sphere. Pyramids, Crelar Cones and Spheres | Chapter Concept 10.2 @ @ @) Find the volumes of a sphere and a hemisphere of radii 6cm and 12cm respectively. (Express your answers in terms of 7.) @ (b) Find the ratio of the volume of the sphere to that of the hemisphere ©) surface areas of spheres Suppose that a sphere is decomposed into n tiny pieces, the centre and radius of the sphere become the vertex and height of each of these pieces respectively. (See Figure 10.14) Let b,, by, +, b, be the base areas of the pieces, r be their b heights and 4 be the surface area of the sphere. (Assume that 5, by, ~~, By are very small numbers and each piece is nearly a pyramid.) Base area Figure 1014 Clearly, byt byt Total volume of the pieces = 1h,r-+Lbyr+--+10,r shirts 3h alo titet hye ab star mr ‘Total volume ofthe pieces = Volume ofthe sphere In fact, we have the following result, Knowledge Pad Although the formula A=aar? is ‘obtained by approximation, it can also be proved by more advanced Mathematics. Surface area of a sphere= 4M’ where r is the radius of the sphere, fective Learning Mathematies | $3B Di RetedBerie Jeno n0.0.2.5 EEEEENNTIP? tir votre and cuca seat aah Find the volume and surface area of a sphere of radius 12em. (Express your answers in terms of 7.) Volume of the sphere mx 12° em? 304m em* 4xmx 12? em? = 876m em? SIE © Find the volume and surface area of a plastic ball with the diameter of 7cm. (Express your answers in terms of 2) Surface area of the spher Samet] 10 150,16 GD [RRESENTNT GY ri nveving the vote oa A solid sphere of radius 4.5 em is put into a cubic box of side 9¢m. Find the volume of the space left in the cubie box. (Give your answer correct to 3 significant figures.) sem [Solution > Volume of the sphere: vam 347 cm? (corr. to 3 sig. fig.) A (s] @ Te identical metal spheres of radii 2.5em each a are put into an empty rectangular box of dimensions 6 em>6 emx10.cm. How much water should be poured into the box to fill up? (Give tocm your answer correct to 3 significant figures) bem Pyramids, Circular Cones and Spheres | Chapter ee ex 100 110,20 blams involving the surface area of 2 hemisphere {Example 10.18 The figure shows a solid formed by a right circular cone and a y hemisphere with a common base. The volume of the hemisphere is 18mm? and the height of the cone is 4 em. (a) Find the radius of the hemisphere. (b) Find the slant height of the circular cone. (©) Find the total surface area of the solid. (Express your answer in \Weeaall terms of 7.) [Solution (a) Let rem be the radius of the hemisphere. Volume of the hemisphere= 18m em? dx dicmxr = 18m 23 7 r=3 ‘ fie, For the evaluation of @naan 1g Sequence The radius of the hemisphere is 3em (b) Let Gem be the slant height of the eircularcone. In AVOB, (Pyth. theorem) 4cm| een (c) Total surface area of the solid urved surface area of the circular cone + Curved surface area of the hemisphere menx3xsed cans?) om? = (15+ 18m) em? 3 em? AGE © The ice-cream model in the figure is formed by a right circular cone and a hemisphere with a common base. The volume of the hemisphere is 281.257¢cm? and the height of the circular cone | 10m. (2) Find the radius of the hemisphere. (b) Find the slant height of the circular cone. (0 Find the total surface area of the model. (Express your answer in terms of 7) fective Learning Mathematics | 3B Dlreaettecie7o..0¢ x25 LD Fb ivohing the vl tnd (ETERS i etc sen cttisznore The figure shows @ hemispherical bowl with the outer diameter of \ q —— 10cm and thickness of Jem. 1 L ' ‘ing (a) Find the volume of the bow! \ : (b) Find the total surface area of the bowl. en ime, Give your answers correct to 3 significant figures.) suroce ue conve Solution > Sec (a) Outer radius of the bow!=42 em =Sem Inner radius of the bow!=(5— L) em em Volume of the bowl 128 em® (corr. to 3 sig. fig) (b) Outer curved surface area=1x4 x 1x 5? cm? =50m em" =! 2 em? Inner curved surface area= 5X4 1X4? em: utercurved surface =32m em? mx S*— 0x4?) em? = 9m em’ ‘Total surface area of the bow! ter curved surface = (500+ 320497) cm? ~bueen (corn ois ig) eo Top view SEE © The igure shows a hemispherical bow wth the Ime aus of Scan eens of 0 cr @ Find tne volume ofthe bow (0 Find the ott surface area ofthe bow (Give your answers correct to 3 significant fowes) Sem q en [Remora exs0¢ 122 Find the volume of a solid composed of cylinder and a hemisphere Cm’ The figure shows a metal solid formed by a right cyl hemisphere with a common base of base radius rem. The height of the Linder is” em and the total surface area of the solid i Find the value of r. Find the volume of the solid in terms of radius rem, does the height of the circular cone do the original solid? Explain your answer. (Soon Total surface area of the solid= 125% cm? XA TXP EDX EXPX PAH X PS 12ST 125% Sar 4 -|1 Volume of the solid=| 5x5 625m 3 () KEXS+EXS?KS cm’ (c) Let em be the height of the circular cone. 625m Volume of the circular con Loemstx h=2s The height of the cireular cone is 25em The height of the original solid is 10em, while 10.cmx2= 20cm? 25cm If the metal solid is melted and recast into a circular cone of base Pyramids, Circular Cones and Spheres | Chapter inder and a is 125mem” uble that of em? ‘The height of the circular cone does not double that of the fective Learning Mathematics | $3B ADE © ‘The figure shows a pencil model which i formed by a hemisphere, a right cylinder and a right circular cone with a common base of base radius ‘rem. The heights of the cylinder and the circular cone are 2rcm and rem respectively. The total volume of the cylinder and the cone is larger than the volume of the hemisphere by 3607 em’ (0) Find te vue of (0) 0) Find the curved surface aes ofthe cele Find he total surface area ofthe mod "Eo ser costs $410 pain Som’ ofthe surtace of the model $60 enough to psn the whole ‘node Bean your enswer (ie your anwar conect 3 signicant ines necessary) C ea © Part 1: Check Yourself Part 2: Challenge Yourself Choose the correct answer for each of the 1, A solid hemisphere of radius 12cm is following questions. (1 ~ 3) divided into two identical parts @ 1. The volume ofa sphere of radius Sem is @ (@) Find the volume of each part. ‘A. 100m em’, 90) Find the toral surface area of each part. 500 (Express your answers in terms of 1.) B, mem’: ‘The figure shows a right cylindrical @ 2. The total surface area of a hemisphere of container with some water The water level fadius Semis rises 2em after putting in several iron A, 192m em? spheres of diameters Lom each. If all the B. 320m om’. spheres are totally immersed into the water without an overflow of water from the container, find the number of iron spheres 3. If the surface area of a sphere is 647 « in the container. the volume of the sphere is <> 2048 oom? BASS em » 10m» eT Losson Proparation Pyramids, Circular Cones and Spheres | Chapter WLU) Berise roe [in this exercise, unless otherwise stated, give your answers correct to 3 sigi Level {]) 1, In each of the following, find the volume and total surface area of the sphere/ hemisphere. fa) () 7 Bem : 15m) , > . KE» om em ant figures if necessary.] 2, If the radius ofa crystal ball is 30m, find its volume and surface area. (Express your answers in terms oft) 3. If the radius of a hemispherical container is Sem, find its capacity. (Express your answer in terms of &.) 4. If the diameter of a solid hemisphere is 20em, find its volume and total surface area. (Express your answers in terms of f.) 5, Ifthe diameter of a table-tennis ball is 4.em, find the total surface area of 6 table-tennis balls. (Express your answer in terms of 7.) 6. Assume that the Earth and Mars are spheres with the radii of 6375km and 3400 km respectively. a) What is the ratio of the volume of the Earth to that of Mars? “(b) Is the surface area of Mars larger than 30% of that of the Earth? Explain your answer, 7. If the volume of a sphere is 9727 cm”, find its radius. Effective Learning Mathematics | $3B 8 %. 10. If the surface area of a volleyball is 324% em’, find its diameter, If the volume of @ sphere is 121.51 m*, find its surface area. (Express your answer in terms of 1.) If the surface area of a sphere is 491 em’, find its volume. (Express your answer in terms of 1.) Level ML. 1 13. mls. ‘The figure shows a sphere and a cuboid of dimensions 15emx 10 cmxSem. If their total surface areas are the same, find the radius of the sphere. 10cm, An orange of radius 4em is divided into four identical pieces. Assume that the orange is in the shape of a sphere: (a) Find the volume of a piece of orange. (b) Find the total surface area of the four pieces of orange. ‘The total surface area of a solid hemisphere is 1207 cm”. Find its volume. In the figure, solids A, B and C are a right circular cone, a sphere and a right cylinder respectively. 4eG (a) Find the ratio of the volumes of solids A, B and C. (b) Find the ratio of the total surface areas of solids A, B and C. (Leave your answers in surd form if necessary.) 10.40 Pyramids, Circular Cones and Spheres | Chapter WLU) 15. The figure shows a capsule of 15 mm long. It is known that both ends of the capsule are hemispheres. (a) (i) Find the volume of the capsule. (ii) If 16 capsules are put into a rectangular box of dimensions Semx3em x lem, find the volume of the space left in the box in em’. (b) Find the total surface area of the eapsule (Express your answers in terms of 7.) . The figure shows an ice-cream cone of height 12 em and base diameter Scm. A spherical scoop of ice-cream of diameter Sem is put on top of the hollow ice-eream cone. If the ice-cream melts and flows into the ice-cream cone first, it overflow from the cone finally? Explain your answer. 17. (a) In figure 1, the solid is formed by removing the top and the bottom of a sphere of radius 25cm. The curved surface areas of the removed parts are both 100mm? Find the curved surface area of the solid in Figure I. (b) Figure I shows 9 paper lantern and its shape is the same as Figure 1. If the cost of 100 em’of paper for making the lantern is $2, and the cost of other materials per lantern is $50, find the total cost of making a lantern. 18. In the figure, a solid metal right circular cone of base radius 4em and height 16cm is melted and recast into a solid sphere. (a) Find the radius of the sphere. (b) Find the percentage ehange in the total surface area. 19, In the figure, a cylindrical container of base radius 12.em contains some water. A metal sphere is put into the container and it is totally immersed in the water without any overflow of water. If the water level rises by 2m, find the radius of the sphere. Losson Proparation 2 " Fem» capsule TEE paper lantern A 10.44 fective Learning Mathematies | $3B 20. The figure shows a solid with the height of 2em. The solid formed by a right cylinder and a hemisphere with a is © cm’. 2em common base. The volume of the hemisphere is 7 (a) Find the radius of the hemisphere. (b) Find the total surface area of the solid. (Express your 4 answer in terms of 7.) (©) Sam claims that if the solid is cut into two identical parts, the total surface area will inerease by more than 50%. Do you agree? Explain your answer. aaa cet Nam) 21, Figure I shows a right cylindrical container with some water inside, The base diameter of the container is 12cm and the water level is rem. If a sphere with the radius of 3em is put into the container, itis just covered by the water there. (See Figure 11) (a) Find the volume of the sphere. (Express your answer in terms of 1.) (b) Find the total volume of water and the sphere in Figure II. (Express your answer in terms of 7.) (c) Hence find the value of h. 22. The figure shows @ metal solid formed by a right circular cone and a hemisphere with a common base. The slant height of the cone is 2 times that of its base radius, and the total surface area of the solid is 196mm? (a) Find the base radius of the cone. (b) Find the volume of the solid. (©) The solid is melted to form 2 identical spheres. Gi) Ella claims that the radius of the sphere is shorter than that found in (a). Do you agree? Explain your answer. (ii) Find the percentage change in the total surface area. 23, In the figure, an inverted right pyramid is removed from a e solid hemisphere, where the square base of the pyramid has ‘ c been inscribed in the hase of the hemisphere before removal. ‘The length of the slant edge of the pyramid is Sem. (a) ()_ Find the volume of the pyramid. on v )) Find the volume of the hemisphere, i) Find the volume of the remaining solid the area of AVAB. the total surface area of the remaining solid. ) Gi) 7) ee Pyramids, Cirular Cones and Spheres | Chapter 10.4 Mensuration Formula EDD Plane figures The formulae for the perimeters and areas of the plane figures we have learnt so far are summarized below. Plane figure Perimeter Area Square pF 4 ‘ “ e b 4 7 Rectangle F 7 " 2040) ow b d Porallelogram 7 a+b) bh a ring YN saat Lon aS a : 4 kasasera | Leen a chee Md or 2tr mr Sector a amex std | mer » 360" S60" 3a RF Table 10.1 From the above table, we ean see that the formula for the perimeter of a plane figure involves only the sum of lengths, and thus it is @ one-dimensional measurement (linear measurement), where em, m and km are commonly used as units. Effective Learning Mathematics | $3B On the other hand, the formula for the area of a plane figure involves the produet of two lengths, and thus it is a two-dimensional measurement, where em?, m? and km? are commonly used as units, BD) solids We have also learnt a number of formulae for the total surface areas and volumes of some solids, and they are summarized below. solid Total surface area Volume cube 68 & Cuboid (bw + wht bay fwh Right prism Perimeter of basex + Cube 'a Right eylinder la} Right circular cone ‘30 Sphere Ratio of corresponding sides | Ratio of total surface areas | Ratio of volumes eS Effective Learning Mathematics | $3B If the dimensions of two similar cubes A and B are aemxaemxaem and pemxpem xpem respectively, then the ratio of their length Poe Figure 10.16 the ratio of their volumes 7 % P le) Infact, the above results are also tue For ny similar sli For two similar solids, if the lengths of their corresponding sides are @ and %, their surface areas are 4) and 4, and their volumes are V, and ¥, respectively, then 1 2 SlremeTER]0.10001.2 D ind alos of tll suas areas and PREIIENTAL GY vues ot siniarsods The diameters of the circular bases of two similar solids H and K are 16cm and 24em respectively. (a) Find the ratio of the total surface area of K to that of H. (b) Find the ratio of the volume of K to that of H. ecm Bem Pyramids, Circular Cones and Spheres | Chapter [Solution (a) Total surface area of K _ Base diameter of K Total surface area of H | Base diameter of H The ratio of the total surface area of K to that of H ie diameter of K)’ Base diameter of H Volume of K () Volume of H ‘The ratio of the volume of K to that of H Dy © ‘The figure shows two similar solids. Find the san ratios of the total surface areas and volumes of AtoB, [Retreat Eerie Je.100 45,19 PREITY is wis fines The capacity of a container in the shape of an inverted pyramid is 960m’. If the depth of water inside is equal to half of the height of the container, (a) find the volume of water in the container, (b) find the ratio of the volume of water to that of the empty spac the container. Effective Learning Mathematics | $3B (Solution (a) Uanalysis: the container and the water inside are in the same shape, he. they re simian Volume of water Capacity of the container — Volume of water_1 960 em! 3 Volume of water=2%960 em? = 120 em? () Volume of the empty space = (960 ~ 120) em* =840em* Volume of water ___ 120 Volume of the empty space 840 The ratio of the volume of water to that of the empty space in the containei SDE © Tres 351m! of water Inverted aight celar oni container. the water levels ofthe height of the container, 0 tne apnciy of the cons contines, {b)find te aloo he wate of water to that of theempayapecen the container © [Reo erie Jex.100 45,10 RESEND PY” Fina the percentage change in vou The surface area of a spherical ball increases by 44%. Find the percentage increase in its volume, (Solution > Let», 4, and V, be the original radius, surface area and volume of the ball respectively, and r,, 4, and F, be the radius, surface area and volume after the increase respectively. rT Pyramids, Circular Cones and Spheres | Chapter Aya A, x1 +48%) 1.444, 1.7287, Percentage increase in volume= % 100% =z DEE © ithe surface are of a ball decreases by 36%, @ a ind tne percentage decreas nts radius, 8 (b) find the percentage decrease in its volume. Dinimieaaafe..00 2.1615 GD [REID PS tension simian An iceber of height 45m is located ahead of the ship Titan iceberg is almost in the shape of a pyramid, and its part above the sea evel is 20m high. Find the ratio of the volume of the part of the iceberg above the sea level to that below the sea level [Solution Let V; be the volume of the entire iceberg, and VM, be the part above the sea level. (5) 729 oF ns al ET fective Learning Mathematics | 3B Volume of the part below the sea level= = 29 y_ =e ek 665 The ratio of the volume of the part of the iceberg above the sea level to that below the sea level = 64: 665 AGE O ‘tight circular cone of height 211m is cut into a smaller right circular cone and aright f T frtu Tha height o the smal crcl cone em isem @ © Find the ratio of the volume of the smaller aim Circular cone to that oF the fest, @ Find the rato ofthe curved surface are of the smaller creulas cone to that of the | frustum, [eR] 0.100 +18 Geometric problem involving similar figures In the figure, ABCD is a rectangle and F is a point on AD. BF and CD are produced to meet at £ such that CD: DE=4: 3. It is given that the area of the shaded region is 130em? (a) Find the areas of (i) ADEF, Gi) the quadrilateral BCDF, Gi) AaBF. * "(b) The volumes of 2 right prisms P, and P, with bases AABF and ABCE are 96m’ and 686cm? respectively. Are P, and P, similar? Explain your answer. [Solution Pyramids, Crelar Cones and Spheres | Chapter Let A, em?, A, em? and A, em? be the areas of ADEF, the quadrilateral BCDF and AABF respectively. fa) Gi AAA) + Area of the shaded region = 130 em? Ay t+ y= 130 1s ADEF~ACEB (AAA) + aoirac ZEFD=ZEBC (corr 2s, AD//8C) ZEDF= LEC (core. 2s, ADIN BC) ABiEC ZOEF=ZABF (alt. 25, ABIIEC) ZEDF= BAF (lt. 25, ABIIEC) fective Learning Mathematies | $3B Area of AABF __ 32 Area of ABCE 18+80 16 49 (4) “UT Volume of P, 96, Volume of P, ~ 686 8 “343 (o) P, and P, are not similar, following questions. (1-2) Q 1. Inthe figure, A and B are similar solids. sem] e Q 2em| 2 If the curved surface area of P is 30mem*, A 8 25cm the total surface area of Q is Ifthe volume of A is 16 cm’, the volume of A. 120 em? Bis B. 170m em’, AL 27cm’, B. Sdcm’, Losson Proparation Pyramids, Cirular Cones and Spheres | Chapter = > Part 2: Challenge Yourself @ 2. If we pour 64 em’ of water into a circular @ 1. The figure shows two similar solids P conical cup, the area of the wet surface is and Q with the volumes of 450 cm? and 40.em?, If we add another 152 cm’ of 3600 cm’ respectively. If the base radius water into the eup, how much larger is the of Pis 4m, find the base radius of Q. area of the wet surface? Leven? 8 - P Q Bypise 10D in this exercise, give your answers correct to 3 significant figures if necessary. Level {] 1, In each of the following, A and B are similar solids. Find the ratio of the total surface area of A to that of B. (a) (b) I 4b I A cr) VY VY U A | 8 ‘ 2. In each of the following, A and B are similar solids. Find the ratio of the volume of A to that of B Mew ©) &@-- a 8 Effective Learning Mathematics | $3B Find the unknown in each of the following pairs of similar solids, (3 ~ 4) 3 (a) son (b) a ten . EY) &B &Y Yolume=960m? Wolume = em? Tota-yrecearea _Totlsuace area =xam? = 384m? 4. (a) (b) ] ohh =e —s Total sutece aren Total sutace eo Volume Volume nocn* “Suen? seamen? “ta5rem? 5. In the figure, there is 24cm? of water in an inverted right circular conical cup, and the depth of water is 2 of the height of the cup. What is the capacity of the eup? (anni) 23am" of water 6. A metal sphere of radius 15em is melted and recast into smaller spheres of radii Sem each. How many smaller spheres can be made? 7. The ratio of the surface areas of two spheres is 9:16. Find the ratios of each of the following of the two spheres. (a) Radi (b) Diameters (©) Volumes 8. The ratio of the volumes of two similar pyramids is 27: 512. Find the ratio of their total surface areas. ez 9, 10. uL 12, af, 13. 14, Lesson Proparation Pyramids, Circular Cones and Spheres | Chapter Level If the total surface area of a cube decreases by 23%, find the percentage deerease in its volume, (s=i610%) After copper ball is heated, its diameter increases by 0.7% Find the percentage increase in its volume, ‘The container shown in the figure is composed of two similar = 180m? cylinders with the base areas of 720cm? and 180cm*. If the capacity of the smaller cylinder is 2650 em’, find the capacity of the container. raven? There is 600 cm? of water inside an inverted right pyramid with square base and the depth of water is 4em. How much water should be added to make the depth of water increases to 6cm? (ose ie A fast food shop offers a soft drink in two sizes of similar paper cups, The soft drink in smaller size costs $3, and that in larger size costs $6. If the ratio of the heights of the paper cups is 2:3, which size is more economical? Explain your answer. A cireular cone is divided into three portions A, B and C by planes parallel to the base as shown in the figure. The slant heights of the three portions are equal in length. Find the ratio of the volumes of portions A, B and C. p=N fective Learning Mathematies | $3B 15. Figure | shows a rectangular water tank of length 25cm, width 24 em and height Oem with some water inside. As shown in Figure II, a right circular cone of base area 300cm? and height 30m is put vertically into the tank. Then the water level rises to 6 em. Figure Figure II (@) Find the volume of the cone (b) Find the volume of the part of the cone inside the water. (c) Find the original water level. a “16. A baker has made 2 similar cakes in the shape of right cylinders as shown, em ‘cake ‘The volume of ake A is 2 60cm’, and its price is $88. (a) Find the volume of cake B. () The baker claims that the price of cake B should be S66 according to the ratio of the volumes of A and B. Do you agree? Explain your answer. (©) The baker further puts a chocolate ball on the centre of the top of each cake. If the volumes of the two chocolate balls are both Sem’, are the two cakes (including the chocolate balls) still similar? Explain your answer. Losson Proparation Pyramids, Circular Cones and Spheres | Chapter WLU) 17, ‘There is a cylindrical water tank with some water inside. Lara has two sizes of similar ice cuboids and their respective surface areas are 10 cm? and 250.em?. If a larger ice cuboid is put into the tank, the water level will rise by 2em when the ice cuboid melts. (a) How many smaller ice cuboids should be put into the tank such that the water level rises by 0.16 em when all the ice cuboids melt? (b) In order to cool a cylindrical can of orange juice of height 14cm, Lara put it vertically into the tank and the water level there rises by 1.6em to L1.2em. At least how many ice cuboids should be put into the tank such that the whole ean of juice will be just covered by the water when all the ice cuboids melt? 18. In Figure I, AD/ BC. F is the mid-point of BC. AC and DF interseet at E such that Ai The area of ABCD is 17cm’. A . é 7 Figure L (a) Find the ratio of the area of AADE to that of ADEC. (b) Show that AD: BC=5:8. Hence find the ratio of the area of AADC to that of ABC. (©) Find the areas of AADE and AEFC. * *(a) Daniel has made two right triangular prisms with bases A4ED and ACEF as shown in Figure Il Are they similar? Explain your answer. asem teem @ o Figure II ed (ee Effective Learning Mathematics | 3B 1. Volumes and surface areas of pyramids (a=) oa Base area x Height ‘Total surface area of a pyramid =Total area of all lateral faces + Base area Volume of a pyrami e.g. The figure shows a pyramid VABCD with a square base. x4x4x6em* Volume = =32em" 2, Volumes and surface areas of circular cones (iit) Volume of a cireular cone =4 0h Curved surface area of a right circular cone = mire e.g. The figure shows a right circular cone VAB. y ‘Total surface area HX5 X13 +X 5?)em? =283em? (corr. to 3 sig. fig.) 13cm 3. Volumes and surface areas of spheres (siit2) Volume of a sphere Surface area of a sphere = 4777 e.g. The figure shows a sphere eee es 268cm* (corr, to 3 sig. fig.) 4 Pyramids, Circular Cones and Spheres | Chapter ilar solids Gann) For two similar solids, if the lengths of their corresponding sides are ¢, and ¢,, their surface areas are A and A, and their volumes are V, and V respectively, then il a Find the unknowns in the following pair of similar solids. sem A 8 Total surface stes=32cm!” Total surface re9=200.n? Volume = Bem? Volume = ye? Solution ‘Total surface area of A_{ x)" Total surface area of B 32 Volume of A_{2)* 5 Volume of B | S42 y 125 o y= 125 (ee Effective Learning Mathematics | 3B [In this exercise, unless otherwise stated, give your answers correct to 3 significant figures if necessary. ] tevel 1. A pyramid has a right-angled triangular base. The lengths of the sides of the triangular base are 7em, 24em and 25em. If the height of the pyramid is 4m, find its volume. 2. In the figure, ABCD is a trapezium, where AB=26 em, gwen AD=20cm and CD=35em. (a) Find the area of trapezium ABCD. gaan (b) If trapezium ABCD is the base of a pyramid of height 32cm, find the volume of the pyramid. ¢ oa > 3. The base of a right pyramid is a square. Its height is 12m and its volume is 100m". (a) Find the length of each side of the base (b) Find the length of the slant edge of the pyramid 4, ‘The base diameter and slant height of a right circular cone are both 18cm. Find the total surface area of the circular cone. (Express your answer in terms of 7.) 5. A cylinder and a eireular cone have the same height and base radius. If the volume of the circular cone is 42cm’, what is the volume of the cylinder? 6. The surface area of a sphere is 676mem?. Find its volume. (Express your answer in terms of 1.) 7. Ifthe base area of a hemisphere is 717 em’, find its curved surface area, (Express your answer in terms of 7.) Tikcm? Pyramids, Cirular Cones and Spheres | Chapter 8, 10. mm 2. 13. ‘The figure shows a container composed of a right eylinder and a hemisphere of common diameter 16em. The height of the container is 20cm. Find its capacity. (Express your answer in terms of 7.) The figure shows two similar bottles. (a) Find the ratio of the total surface area of the smaller bottle to that of the larger one. (b) Find the ratio of the volume of the smaller bottle to that of the larger one The figure shows two similar buckets. If the capacity of bucket B is 15L, what is the capacity of bucket A? Level The figure shows a solid formed by a hemisphere with the radius of 3cm and a right circular cone. The base radii and volumes of the hemisphere and the cone are the same. (a) Find the height of the circular cone (b) Find the total surface area of the solid. There is some water inside a right cylinder of base radius 6 em If 8 metal spheres of radii lem each are totally immersed into the water, by how much does the water level increase in the cylinder? |] A baker uses 1000 em’ of chocolate to make 400 identical conical pieces. If the height of each piece is 1.2em, find its base radius, Lesson Proparation 20cm be-36em—+ con Effective Learning Mathematics | 3B 14. It costs $40 to paint the surface of the eylindrieal container A. If B is a similar container to A and its base radius is 2 times that ‘of A, how much does it cost to paint the surface of B? 15. If the volume of a spherical bubble decreases by 65. percentage decrease in each of the following. (@) Radius (b) Surface area 16, The figure shows two eggs of similar shape in a cylindrical container. The surface areas of egg A and egg B are 200 cm? and 30 cm? respectively. If egg B is taken away from the container, the water level drops by O.1em. Find the water level if both eggs are taken away 17, The vessel in Figure | is an inverted right frustum with a square base, where AB=9em and EH= Sem. The height of the vessel is Bem. £_isem sem ve SF “ Figure Il a 9am 8 Figure (a) Find the capacity of the vessel. (b) A hemispherical bowl of radius 4 em is used to fill the vessel with water, (14 bowls of water are poured into the vessel, find the depth of the water in the vessel 5 G, (ii) Grace claims that if 8 bowls of water are poured into the vessel, the water will overflow. Do you agree? Explain your answer. Lesson Proparation Se a Pyramids, Cirular Cones and Spheres | Chapter os 18. The paper sector in the figure i cone. rolled up into a right eireular Fa ve, \\ } Zl (@) Find the base radius of the eireular eone. ( (b) Find the height of the circular cone, NN (e) Find the volume of the cireular cone. ~ Diem 19, ‘The figure shows the net of a right pyramid with a rectangular base. 13cm (a) Find the total surface area of the pyramid. (b) Find the height of the pyramid. (©) Find the volume of the pyramid. 20. Figure | shows a hollow sphere made of rubber. The thickness of the rubber is 0.3 em. A football can be made by covering the hollow sphere with leather. It is given that the volume of air pumped into the ball is 23047 em’, 03cm Ss Figure I Figure Il (a) Find the radius of the football (b) Find the volume of rubber used. (© If 00cm? of rubber and 1000 football of leather cost $1 and $1.5 respectively, find the cost of a 21. (Gf Design two circular cones with the same volume but different heights. (The dimensions should be shown.) (b) There are two circular cones with the same volume but different heights. If the height of the taller cireular cone is 4 times that of the shorter one, what is the ratio of the base radius of the taller cone to that of the shorter cone? fective earning Mathematics | $3B oc 22. Figure | shows a right cylindrical water tank of base radius 6 em and height Sem. The water level in the tank is 35cm. Figure II shows a right rectangular pyramid of base dimensions 9em x Tem and height 10cm. oem oem Figure I Figure IL (a) Find the volume of the empty space in the tank. (b) Find the volume of the pyramid. * *(6)_John claims that if the pyramid is put vertically into the tank, the water will overflow. Do you agree? Explain your answer, - Cea NOE mw) 23. Figure I shows a solid made up of a right circular cone and a right cylinder with a common base of radius 15cm. 15 : i y 25cm | (@) Find the volume of the solid. (Express your answer in terms of f.) (b) Figure Ll shows @ young coconut with a straw. Suppose it is similar to the solid shown in Figure I Figure I, and its volume is 4087em*. Figure Il Figure Ill ind the height of the young coconut. }) What is the length of the portion of the straw inside the young coconut? i) In Figure I, the top of the young coconut is cut away along a plane parallel to its base such that the area of the top plane is 9em?. Vieky claims that the length of the portion of the straw inside the young coconut is longer. Do you agree? Explain your answer. 10.64 Lesson Proparation Pyramids, Cirular Cones and Spheres | Chapter Ans\ 24, The figure shows a solid R made up of a right circular cone, a right eylinder and @ hemisphere with a common base of base radius rem. The ratio of the height of the cone, the height of the cylinder and the base radius of the hemisphere is 4:6:3. The total surface area of the solid is 697 em? ~ (b) Find the volume of solid R. (Express your answer in terms of 1.) (©) If solid R is cut into two parts A and B with equal volume along a plane parallel to the common base such that A is taller than B, find the heights of A and B. (@) If solid R is cut nto two identical parts, find the inerease in the total surface area, Gaiqummat ce as ve 25. Figure I shows a metal basin. The slant height 4B is 40cm. The diameter BC of the upper base is 50cm and the diameter 4D of the lower base is 30cm. The curved surface is made of a metal plate ABBA’. (See Figure II) Figure I Figure Il (a) Find 04 (b) Find 2404° (©) Find the area of the metal plate ABB'A’. (Give your answer correct to the nearest em?.) (d) Find the capacity of the metal basin. (Give your answer correct to the nearest em’.) 26. The figure shows right pyramid VABCDEF, where O is the centre ¥ of the regular hexagonal base ABCDEF. f (a) Find the area of AOAB. ben (b) Find the area of AVAB. (©) Find the total surface area of the pyramid. (@) Find the volume of the pyramid a » ecm '¢ Lesson Proparation fective Learning Mathematics | $3B ers. *, 27. The right triangular prism P shown in the figure is divided into 3 smaller right prisms P,, P; and P,. Itis given that AB: BC; CD=2:1:1, . oe 2 "s ee (a) (i) Find the ratio of the volume of P, to that of P. (ii) 1s P, similar to P? Explain your answer. ) @ the ratio of the volume of P, to that of P, Gi) Is P, similar to Py? Explain your answer. (©) P, is further divided into 2 right prisms T, and T, along a plane parallel to AABE, where volume of T,: volume of T, =2:3. Roger claims that T, is similar to P, Do you agree? Explain your answer. aa HH 310 a) 28. In the figure, ABCD and EFGH are two similar rectangles. E, G and HY are points on AD, BC and CD respectively. AB=3cm. The areas of ACGH, ADHE and ABGFE are Xem*, tem? and “Lem? respectively A . acm (a) Show that ACGH~ ADHE. (b) Find the length of AD. (©) GA cuboid S with the base ABCD is formed and its volume is 100m’. If another similar cuboid T with base EFGH is formed, what is the volume of | ee Pyramids, Circular Cones and Spheres | Chapter * *Gii) Solid S'is formed by cutting a cube of volume Sem? from a corner of S wI volume lem’ is cut from the corresponding corner of T'to form solid T’. Are S'and T'similar? Explain your answer. p rH yl 5 © F ¢ s T 29, Figure I shows a right circular cone made of cardboard. The base radius and the height of the circular cone are 7cm and 24 cm respectively. If we cut the circular cone in Figure | along its slant height, we will obtain the seetor in Figure II with @ as its angle at the centre. If we stick two copies of the sector in Figure I! together, we will obtain the sector in Figure III. This sector can be rolled up into another right eireular cone Figure Figure II Figure III (a) Find the base radius of the new circular cone. (b) Find the height of the new circular cone. * *{€) Is the volume of the new circular cone twice the volume of the cireular cone in Figure 1? Explain your answer. Cee mea) 30. If the volume of a sphere is 22% em®, its | 31+ Inthe figure, the base of the right pyramid is 3 fa rectangle. If the height of the pyramid is Sem, find the total surface area of the surface area is A ni ‘ pyramid. om c a acm em A. 504 em? B. 612 cm? C864 em* D. 960 cm? (eT woe waz es) a a Effective ES sarning Mathematics | $3B 32, The ratio of the surface areas of two similar solids is 16:49, Find the ratio of their volumes. AL 4:7 B. 16:49 C. 642343 D. 256:2401 33. If we cut right pyramid YABCD away from right pyramid VEFGH, we will obtain right frustum 4BCDEFGH in the figure as shown. The upper and lower bases of the frustum are both squares. AB=3 cm, FG=9 em and VP=4 em, Find the volume of the frustum. A. B. fon D. (E56) 34. The following figure shows a right cylindrical container of base radius Sem. 5 iron spheres of diameters 2cm each are totally immersed into the water without an overflow of water from the container. By how much does the water level inerease? sem x) 35. 36. fem 25 4 B. pen c. 20m If the base radius of a circular cone increases by 30% and its height decreases by 20%, find the percentage change in its volume. A. Decreases by 10% B, Increases by 4% C. Increases by 10% D. Increases by 35.2% LI arena HO HH VD) The figure shows a right circular conical paper cup. If the cup is cut along 4B, which of the following sectors will be the unfolded cup? BH ‘ A oem A. xem sor B. sonem sar c aren ar D. sonen aaa CE IE OTT) 37, Inthe figure, a sphere of radius r is eut off by a plane. By considering the dimensions, determine which of the following could be the formula for the volume of the upper part of the soli A, 2na(2r=h) BL 2nr(2r—h) cM edP=a) Th 3g? 4 j2 v.75 Gatti?) 38. The following figure shows a hemisphere and a right cireular cone with the same base radius and volume. 39. The Losson Proparation Pyramids, Cirular Cones and Spheres | Chapter Which of the following is correct? (Riza eT HCE jure shows a right circular cone, a right cylinder and a hemisphere with total surface areas a cm?, b cm? and ccm? respectively | _ am arm Which of the following is true? A. a>b>e B. a>e>b C. b>e>a D. c>b>a (il TS HOSE a Sole Pie 7) Lesson Preparation Effective Learning Mathematics | 3B Goma Figure Il (a) Find the volume of the circular cone in terms of 7. (b) A hemispherical vessel of radius 60cm is held vertically on a horizontal surface. The vessel is fully filled with milk, @ Fi )) The circular cone is now held vertically in the vessel as shown in Figure II. A craftsman claims the volume of the milk in the vessel in terms of & that the volume of the milk remaining in the vessel is greater than 0.3m. Do you agree? Explain your answer. [uKpse 2012] 41. + Pete > A solid metal bar is in the shape of a cuboid of length of 250cm. The cross-section is a square of side xem. The volume of the cuboid is 4840 em’. (a) Show that r=4.4. (b) The mass of Lem? of the metal is 8.8 grams. Calculate the mass of the whole metal bar in Kilograms, (©) A box, in the shape of a cuboid measures 250¢cm by 88cm by hem. 120 of the metal bars fit exactly in the box. Caleulate the value of h (@) One metal bar, of volume 4840 em’, is melted down to make 4200 identical small spheres. All the metal is used. (i) Calculate the radius of cach sphere. Show that your answer rounds to 0.65em, correct to 2 decimal places. [The volume, ¥, ofa sphere, radius ris given by '=4.n7.] i) Calculate the surface area of each sphere, using 0.65 cm for the radius. given by A=4m72,] [The surface area, 4, of a sphere, radius r (ii) Calculate the total surface area of all 4 200 spheres as a percentage of the surface area of the metal bar, [Combridge IGCSE Mathematies 0580 Paper 4 Q7 June 20091 10.70 cS 42. The figure shows a right circular cylinder, a hemisphere and a right circular cone with equal base radii. Their curved surface areas are aem?, bem? and ccm? respectively Which of the following is true? AL axb

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