416C Backhoe Loader Center Pivot, Parallel Lift 1XR00001-02183 (MACHINE) POWE...

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Product:  BACKHOE LOADER 
Model:  416C BACKHOE LOADER 1XR 
Configuration: 416C Backhoe Loader Center Pivot, Parallel Lift 1XR00001-02183 (MACHINE) POWERED BY 3054 Engine 

Testing and Adjusting

416C, 426C, 428C, 436C and 438C Backhoe Loaders Hydraulic and Steering System
Media Number -SENR1272-01 Publication Date -01/03/1999 Date Updated -09/10/2001

i01057420

Hydraulic Pump - Test and Adjust

SMCS - 5070-081; 5070-025

Sudden movement of the machine or release of oil under pressure can

cause serious injury to persons on or near the machine.

To prevent possible injury, perform the procedure that follows before

testing and adjusting the hydraulic system.

Personal injury or death can result from escaping fluid under pressure.

Escaping fluid under pressure, even a very small pin-hole size leak, can
penetrate body tissue and cause serious injury and possible death. If
fluid is injected into your skin, it must be treated immediately by a
doctor familiar with this type of injury.

Always use a board or cardboard when checking for a leak.

Table 1
Required Tools
416C Backhoe Loader Center Pivot, Parallel Lift 1XR00001-02183 (MACHINE) POWE... Page 2 of 18

Part Number Description Quantity

6V-4143 Coupler Assembly 4
6V-3014 Hose Assembly 2
8T-0855 Pressure Gauge 1
8T-0860 Pressure Gauge 1
1U-5796 Pressure Differential Gauge Group 1
8C-3417 Elbow 2
4C-9910 Flow Meter 1
6V-8946 Reducer Assembly 2
6V-9832 Cap Assembly 1

Illustration 1 g00556133

Location for the Signal Pressure Tap

(1) Hydraulic pump. (2) Signal pressure tap. (3) Flow compensator valve. (4) Pressure compensator valve.

Signal pressure tap (2) is located at hydraulic pump (1). Flow and pressure compensator valves (3)
and (4) are next to signal pressure tap (2). Access is gained from the bottom of the machine or by
removing the floorplate.
416C Backhoe Loader Center Pivot, Parallel Lift 1XR00001-02183 (MACHINE) POWE... Page 3 of 18

Illustration 2 g00556134

(5) Tap for the system pressure. (6) Bank valve for the loader control.

The pressure tap (5) for the system pressure is located near the loader control valve (6). The loader
control valve (6) is located on the right side of the machine. Access is gained from the bottom of the
machine.

Pump discharge pressures are known values and the pump discharge pressures can be tested during
two specific conditions. The two conditions are low pressure standby and high pressure stall. Prior to
making any pump adjustments, perform the low pressure standby, high pressure stall and margin
pressure tests.

Increase the hydraulic oil temperature to the operating temperature by stalling the boom down for 60
seconds. Check for leaks.

Low Pressure Standby Test

1. Lower all the implements and the stabilizers to the ground. Engage the parking brake. Stop the
engine.

2. There are two plates that are located at the edge of each door in the cab. Remove the four
screws on the two plates and remove the floormat.

3. Remove the four screws that hold the floorplate in place. Remove the floorplate.

4. Install one 6V-4143 Coupler Assembly to each end of each 6V-3014 Hose Assembly .

5. Install the 8T-0855 Pressure Gauge with a range of 0 to 4000 kPa (0 to 580 psi) to the hose.
Install the hose to the pressure tap (5) for system pressure.

Note: Do not move any control levers nor move the steering wheel while the 8T-0855 Pressure
Gauge is installed. The higher pressure that is created by upstroking the pump will damage the
gauge.

6. Start the engine and run the engine at high idle.

416C Backhoe Loader Center Pivot, Parallel Lift 1XR00001-02183 (MACHINE) POWE... Page 4 of 18

7. Leave all the control levers in the HOLD position.

8. Do not move the steering wheel.

9. The pressure reading on the gauge that is attached to the pressure tap (5) for the system pressure
must be 2300 ± 350 kPa (330 ± 50 psi).

10. Do not make adjustments to pump output based on the results of this test. Continue with the
High Pressure Stall Test and the Margin Pressure Tests first.

11. Before continuing to the next test, remove 8T-0855 Pressure Gauge from the hose that is
attached to the pressure tap (5) for the system pressure. Install 8T-0860 Pressure Gauge with a
range of 0 to 40000 kPa (0 to 5800 psi) to the hose that is attached to the pressure tap (5) .

Note: Failure to remove the 8T-0855 Pressure Gauge prior to performing the following tests
will cause the gauge to be destroyed, when the pump is upstroked.

High Pressure Stall Test

1. Ensure that all the implements and the stabilizers are still on the ground.

2. Move all the control levers one at a time except the BOOM LOWER position in both directions
in order to initiate a stall condition.

3. The system pressure (5) must be 20700 ± 700 kPa (3000 ± 100 psi) for all of the positions
except BOOM LOWER, the steering circuit and DUMP on parallel lift machines. The system
pressure (5) must be 13900 ± 700 kPa (2000 ± 100 psi) during the BOOM LOWER. The
system pressure (5) must be 17250 ± 700 kPa (2500 ± 100 psi). The system pressure (5) must
be 15900 ± 700 kPa (2300 ± 100 psi) for the front wheel steering.

If all of the pressure readings are too low, then the pressure compensator spool requires an
adjustment. If all of the pressure readings are too high, then the pressure compensator spool requires
an adjustment. Record the pressure reading and continue with the Margin Pressure Test prior to going
to the Pressure Compensator Spool Adjustment.

Margin Pressure Test

1. Ensure that all the implements and the stabilizers are still on the ground.

2. Stop the engine. Move the control levers to all the positions in order to release system pressure.

3. Remove the 8T-0860 Pressure Gauge with a range of 0 to 40000 kPa (0 to 5800 psi) from the
hose that is attached to the pressure tap (5) .

4. Install 1U-5796 Pressure Differential Gauge Group to the hose that is attached to the pressure
tap (5) and to signal pressure tap (2) .

5. Start the engine and run the engine at low idle. Check for leaks.
416C Backhoe Loader Center Pivot, Parallel Lift 1XR00001-02183 (MACHINE) POWE... Page 5 of 18

6. Increase the engine rpm to 1450 ± 50 rpm.

7. Turn the steering wheel and stall the steering.

a. The reading on the differential pressure gauge is the margin pressure. The margin
pressure should be 2200 ± 100 kPa (320 ± 15 psi).

8. If margin pressure is not correct, the flow compensator valve must be adjusted. Write down the
margin pressure.

Note: After you perform the adjustments for the flow compensator valve, recheck the low
pressure standby and the margin pressure.

Adjustments for the Pump Controller

NOTICE

When the compensator valve is rebuilt, ensure that the pressure

compensator adjustment and the flow compensator adjustment are
backed out to a low pressure setting before the engine is started. Severe
pump damage and system damage could be the result, or the engine
may not start.

The high pressure stall test will indicate if the pressure compensator valve needs adjusting. If the high
pressure stall test is within the specification, the pressure compensator spool adjustment is not
necessary. The Margin Pressure Test and the Low Pressure Standby Test will indicate, if the flow
compensator spool adjustment is correct. If the Margin Pressure Test and the Low Pressure Standby
Test are within the specification, then the flow compensator spool adjustment is not necessary.
416C Backhoe Loader Center Pivot, Parallel Lift 1XR00001-02183 (MACHINE) POWE... Page 6 of 18

Illustration 3 g00556014

Compensator valve

(3) Flow compensator. (4) Pressure compensator. (7) Cap. (8) Adjusting screw. (9) Locknut. (10) Cap. (11) Adjusting
screw. (12) Locknut. (A) O-ring.

Note: If an adjustment is necessary, replace O-rings (A). Replacing the O-rings will reduce the
possibility of oil leakage after an adjustment to the compensator valve is made.

Flow compensator valve (3) and pressure compensator valve (4) have been tested by running the
pump discharge tests.

Pressure Compensator Spool Adjustment

Adjustments to the pressure compensator spool can be made on the machine. If the High Pressure
Stall Test is within the specification, then go to the Flow Compensator Spool Adjustment. If the High
Pressure Stall Test is not within the specification, then do the following procedure.

1. Ensure that all the implements and the stabilizers are still on the ground.

2. Stop the engine. Move all of the control levers to all of the positions. This releases the system
pressure.

3. Remove 1U-5796 Pressure Differential Gauge Group from the pressure tap (5) for the system
pressure and from signal pressure tap (2) .

4. Remove cap (10) and loosen locknut (12). Turn adjusting screw (11) clockwise in order to
increase the pressure setting and turn adjusting screw (11) counterclockwise in order to
decrease the setting.
416C Backhoe Loader Center Pivot, Parallel Lift 1XR00001-02183 (MACHINE) POWE... Page 7 of 18

5. Reinstall 8T-0860 Pressure Gauge with a range of 0 to 40000 kPa (0 to 5800 psi) to the
pressure tap (5) .

6. Repeat the following steps from the High Pressure Stall Test until the system pressure is within
the specification.

a. Start the engine and run the engine at high idle.

b. Move all the control levers one at a time except the BOOM LOWER position in both
directions in order to initiate a stall condition.

c. The system pressure (5) must be 20700 ± 700 kPa (3000 ± 100 psi) for all of the positions
except BOOM LOWER, the steering circuit and DUMP on parallel lift machines. The
system pressure (5) must be 13900 ± 700 kPa (2000 ± 100 psi) during the BOOM
LOWER. The system pressure (5) must be 17250 ± 700 kPa (2500 ± 100 psi). The
system pressure (5) must be 15900 ± 700 kPa (2300 ± 100 psi) for the front wheel
steering.

7. When the pressure compensator is adjusted correctly, stop the engine. Tighten locknut (12) and
replace cap (10).

Flow Compensator Spool Adjustment

Adjustments to the flow compensator spool can be made on the machine. If the Margin Pressure Test
and the Low Pressure Standby Test are within the specification, then go to the Test and Adjustment
for the Torque Limiter. If the Margin Pressure Test or the Low Pressure Standby Test are not within
the specification, then do the following procedure.

1. Ensure that all the implements and the stabilizers are still on the ground.

2. If the pressure compensator spool adjustment was performed, then remove 8T-0855 Pressure
Gauge from the pressure tap (5) for the system pressure.

3. If the pressure compensator spool adjustment was not performed, then remove 1U-5796
Pressure Differential Gauge Group from the pressure tap (5) for the system pressure and from
signal pressure tap (2) .

4. Install the 8T-0855 Pressure Gauge with a range of 0 to 4000 kPa (0 to 580 psi) to the hose.
Install the hose to the pressure tap (5) for the system pressure.

Note: Do not move any control levers nor move the steering wheel while the 8T-0855 Pressure
Gauge is installed. The higher pressure that is created by upstroking the pump will damage the
gauge.

5. Repeat the following steps from the Low Pressure Standby Test.

a. Start the engine and run the engine at high idle.

b. Leave all the control levers in the HOLD position.

c. Do not move the steering wheel.

416C Backhoe Loader Center Pivot, Parallel Lift 1XR00001-02183 (MACHINE) POWE... Page 8 of 18

d. If the pressure is within 2300 ± 350 kPa (330 ± 50 psi), then go to Step 6. If the pressure
is not within 2300 ± 350 kPa (330 ± 50 psi), then an adjustment is necessary. Stop the
engine.

e. Remove cap (7) and loosen locknut (9). Turn adjusting screw (8) clockwise in order to
increase the pressure setting. Turn adjusting screw (8) counterclockwise in order to
decrease the pressure setting.

f. Repeat Step 5 until the pressure is within the specification.

6. Remove 8T-0855 Pressure Gauge from the hose that is attached to the tap for the system
pressure (5) .

Note: Failure to remove the 8T-0855 Pressure Gauge prior to performing the following tests
will cause the gauge to be destroyed when the pump is upstroked.

7. Install 1U-5796 Pressure Differential Gauge Group to the hose that is attached to the pressure
tap (5) and to signal pressure tap (2) .

8. Repeat the following steps from the Margin Pressure Test.

a. Start the engine and run the engine at low idle. Check for leaks.

b. Increase the engine rpm to 1450 ± 50 rpm.

c. Turn the steering wheel and stall the steering.

d. The reading on the differential pressure gauge is the margin pressure. If the margin
pressure is within 2200 ± 100 kPa (320 ± 15 psi), then go to Step 9. If the margin
pressure is not within the specification, then adjust the flow compensator valve. Stop the
engine.

e. Remove cap (7) and loosen locknut (9). Turn adjusting screw (8) clockwise in order to
increase the pressure setting. Turn adjusting screw (8) counterclockwise in order to
decrease the pressure setting.

f. Repeat Step 8.

9. When the pressure is adjusted correctly, stop the engine. Tighten locknut (9) and replace cap
(7). Remove the test equipment.

Test and Adjustment for the Torque Limiter

Note: Install a 9U-7400 Multitach to the engine. Check the low idle. The low idle must be 950 ± 50
rpm. If the engine low idle rpm is not within the specification, then refer to Systems Operation,
Testing and Adjusting, SENR5816, "3054 Engine for Caterpillar Built Machines". Perform the low
idle adjustment. The engine idle must be within the specification before continuing to the next
procedure.
416C Backhoe Loader Center Pivot, Parallel Lift 1XR00001-02183 (MACHINE) POWE... Page 9 of 18

Note: Perform the Low Pressure Standby Test, the Margin Pressure Test, and the High Pressure Stall
Test prior to performing the Test for the Torque Limiter. Make the necessary adjustments in order to
meet the specifications.

NOTICE

Care must be taken to ensure that fluids are contained during

performance of inspection, maintenance, testing, adjusting and repair
of the product. Be prepared to collect the fluid with suitable containers
before opening any compartment or disassembling any component
containing fluids.

Refer to Special Publication, NENG2500, "Caterpillar Tools and Shop

Products Guide" for tools and supplies suitable to collect and contain
fluids on Caterpillar products.

Dispose of all fluids according to local regulations and mandates.

Illustration 4 g00565648

Location for the Signal Pressure Tap

(1) Hydraulic pump. (2) Signal pressure tap.

Signal pressure tap (2) is located at hydraulic pump (1). Access is gained from the bottom of the
machine or by removing the floorplate.

1. Start the engine. Engage the parking brake.

2. Move the stick OUT. Lower all the implements and the stabilizers to the ground.

3. Stop the engine and move all the control levers to all positions. This releases system pressure.
416C Backhoe Loader Center Pivot, Parallel Lift 1XR00001-02183 (MACHINE) POW... Page 10 of 18

4. There are two plates that are located at the edge of each door in the cab. Remove the four
screws on the two plates and remove the floormat.

5. Remove the four screws that hold the floorplate in place. Remove the floorplate.

6. Install one 6V-4143 Coupler Assembly to each end of each 6V-3014 Hose Assembly .

7. Install one 8T-0860 Pressure Gauge with a range of 0 to 40000 kPa (0 to 5800 psi) and 6V-
3014 Hose Assembly to signal pressure tap (2) .

8. Install one 8C-3417 Elbow into each port in 4C-9910 Flow Meter. Attach one 6V-8946
Reducer Assembly onto each 8C-3417 Elbow .
416C Backhoe Loader Center Pivot, Parallel Lift 1XR00001-02183 (MACHINE) POW... Page 11 of 18

Illustration 5 g00563581

Cylinder Lines for the Boom

(3) Elbow for the cylinder head end. (4) Hose for the head end. (5) Tube for the rod end. (6) Rod end hose. (7)
Bolts. (8) Retainer.

9. There are two retainers (8) on the boom. Remove the four bolts (7) from two retainers (8) and
remove retainers (8). Remove the hose (4) from the elbow from the cylinder head end (3).
Install 6V-9832 Cap Assembly to elbow (3) .
416C Backhoe Loader Center Pivot, Parallel Lift 1XR00001-02183 (MACHINE) POW... Page 12 of 18

10. Install the hose for the head end (4) onto one 6V-8946 Reducer Assembly that was installed in
Step 8.

11. Remove hose (6) from the tube on the rod end (5). Install 6V-9831 Cap Assembly to tube (5) .

12. Install the end of hose (6) onto the other 6V-8946 Reducer Assembly that was installed in Step
8.

13. Start the engine. Cycle the implements until the hydraulic oil temperature on 4C-9910 Flow
Meter rises to 60 °C (140 °F).

14. When the hydraulic oil temperature is at 60 °C (140 °F), increase the engine speed to 2200 rpm.
Move the boom control lever to the boom RAISE operation and hold. Flow will decrease as
temperature increases. Flow will decrease as rpm decreases.

15. Rotate the control knob for the pressure on 4C-9910 Flow Meter until 18000 kPa (2600 psi) is
indicated on the pressure gauge. Record the flow, the temperature, the oil pressure and the rpm.

Note: If the engine cannot maintain 2200 rpm, refer to Systems Operation, Testing and
Adjusting, SENR5815, "3054 Engine for Caterpillar Built Machines". Perform the torque
converter stall test and check the high idle. The engine idle must be within the specification
before continuing to the next procedure.

16. For machines that are equipped with turbocharged engines, Table 2 shows the correct pressure
and the correct flow.

Table 2
SIGNAL PRESSURE FLOW

18000 kPa (2600 psi) 120 to 130 L/min (31 to 35 US gpm)

17. For machines that are equipped with naturally aspirated engines, Table 3 shows the correct
pressure and the correct flow.

Table 3
SIGNAL PRESSURE FLOW

18000 kPa (2600 psi) 100 to 120 L/min (26 to 31 US gpm)

18. If the flow is not within the specification, then adjust the torque limiter. Stop the engine.
416C Backhoe Loader Center Pivot, Parallel Lift 1XR00001-02183 (MACHINE) POW... Page 13 of 18

Illustration 6 g00566396

Torque Limiter for the C Series Backhoe Loaders and C1 Series Backhoe Loaders

(9) Adjustment screw. (10) Locknut.

Illustration 7 g00566369

Torque Limiter for the C2 Series Backhoe Loader

(9) Adjustment screw. (10) Locknut.

19. Loosen locknut (10) and turn screw (9) clockwise in order to increase the flow. Turn adjustment
screw (9) counterclockwise in order to decrease the flow.

Note: A half turn of adjustment screw (9) will change the flow approximately 3.8 L/min (1 US
gpm). Never, adjust screw (9) more than three and a half turns. Adjusting the screw (9) more
may damage the internal spring. If the spring fails, the pump performance will be poor.

20. After the adjustment is made, tighten the locknut. Repeat Steps 13, 14, 15, 2, 17, and 16.
416C Backhoe Loader Center Pivot, Parallel Lift 1XR00001-02183 (MACHINE) POW... Page 14 of 18

21. If the flow is not within the specification, then adjust the torque limiter. Stop the engine. Repeat
steps 19 and 20. If the torque limiter is not within the specification after several attempts, then
rework the torque limiters. Go to the next test in order to Rework the Torque Limiter. Repeat
the test and adjust for the torque limiter after you rework the torque limiter.

22. When the flow is within the specification, remove the test equipment.

23. Remove hose (6) from the 6V-8946 Reducer Assembly. Remove 6V-9831 Cap Assembly from
tube (5). Place a new O-ring onto the fitting and reinstall hose (6) to tube (5) .

24. Remove hose (4) from the 6V-8946 Reducer Assembly. Remove 6V-9832 Cap Assembly from
elbow (3). Place a new O-ring onto the fitting and reinstall hose (4) to elbow (3) .

25. Replace hoses (4) and (6) into the two retainers (8) on the boom for the two hoses. Reinstall the
four bolts (7). There are two bolts on each retainer (8). Reinstall the retainers (8) on the boom
for the hoses.

26. Replace the floorplate. Reinstall the four screws that hold the floorplate in place.

27. Replace the floormat. Reinstall the four screws that hold the two plates for the floormat. There
are two screws on each plate. The plates are located at the edge of each door in the cab.

Rework the torque limiter

Note: If the torque limiter cannot be set within the specification, then replace the torque limiter.

Note: This procedure will not increase the lifting capacity of the machine.

Personal injury can result from hydraulic oil pressure and hot oil.

Hydraulic oil pressure can remain in the hydraulic system after the
engine has been stopped. Serious injury can be caused if this pressure is
not released before any service is done on the hydraulic system.

Make sure the bucket and/or all of the attachments have been lowered
to the ground, and the oil is cool before removing any components or
lines. Remove the oil filler cap only when the engine is stopped, and the
filler cap is cool enough to touch with your bare hand.

NOTICE
416C Backhoe Loader Center Pivot, Parallel Lift 1XR00001-02183 (MACHINE) POW... Page 15 of 18

Care must be taken to ensure that fluids are contained during

performance of inspection, maintenance, testing, adjusting and repair
of the product. Be prepared to collect the fluid with suitable containers
before opening any compartment or disassembling any component
containing fluids.

Refer to Special Publication, NENG2500, "Caterpillar Tools and Shop

Products Guide" for tools and supplies suitable to collect and contain
fluids on Caterpillar products.

Dispose of all fluids according to local regulations and mandates.

1. Move the machine to a level surface.

2. Lower all of the implements to the ground.

3. Turn the engine OFF. Engage the parking brake.

4. Move all of the control levers to all of the positions in order to relieve the hydraulic pressure in
the system.

Illustration 8 g00566333

Torque Limiter on C Series Backhoe Loaders and C1 Series Backhoe Loaders

(1) Pump. (2) Tube. (3) Torque Limiter. (4) Bolts.

416C Backhoe Loader Center Pivot, Parallel Lift 1XR00001-02183 (MACHINE) POW... Page 16 of 18

Illustration 9 g00566334

Torque Limiter on C2 Series Backhoe Loaders

The cap is removed from the adjustment screw.

(1) Pump. (2) Tube. (3) Torque Limiter. (4) Bolts.

5. Clean the area around torque limiter (3) .

6. Remove tube (2) from the pump (1) .

7. Remove three 8T-8442 Bolts (4) .

8. Remove torque limiter (3) from pump (1). Remove the spring cap and the spring for the torque
limiter. A clean magnet may help in removing the spring cap and the spring.

9. Replace the spring for the torque limiter. The machines that have turbochargers use 155-5111
Piston Pump Adjustment Kit. The machines that are naturally aspirated use 155-8324 Piston
Pump Adjustment Kit .

Note: The springs for the torque limiter are the only difference between the two kits. The 155-
5111 Piston Pump Adjustment Kit has 155-5112 Spring. The 155-8324 Piston Pump
Adjustment Kit has 120-5733 Spring .

10. Clean all of the parts prior to assembly.

416C Backhoe Loader Center Pivot, Parallel Lift 1XR00001-02183 (MACHINE) POW... Page 17 of 18

Illustration 10 g00566333

Torque Limiter on C and C1 Backhoe Loaders

(1) Pump. (2) Tube. (3) Torque Limiter. (4) Bolts.

Illustration 11 g00566334

Torque Limiter on C2 Backhoe Loaders

(1) Pump. (2) Tube. (3) Torque Limiter. (4) Bolts.

11. Install the spring, the spring cap, and torque limiter (3) .

12. Install three bolts (4). Tighten to a torque of 12 ± 3 N·m (105 ± 27 lb in).

13. Install tube (2) .

14. Repeat the Test and Adjustment for the Torque Limiter.

Copyright 1993 - 2022 Caterpillar Inc. Mon Jul 4 19:15:03 EST 2022 
All Rights Reserved.
416C Backhoe Loader Center Pivot, Parallel Lift 1XR00001-02183 (MACHINE) POW... Page 18 of 18

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