ae

“kK, 1 8. A TEXTBOOK OF c
“as ae heel
——

— yas » Natur er gre

pede Qu a3 fend ng

ld as the sordid dont

y doeoes the poet regard the wor
hav e so ho the spi rit ual values for the Wor
Ans. Hut mans ting by nature. Such pleasures ld
do not a
0

es eaten

poet is a pagan?
Q. 4. Who according to the
ous beliefs which are Koga
Ans. A pagan is a person who holds religi
r times.
of the world. Also a pagan was a non- -Christian in earlie
UES: Tet AGH pagan aed?
Gas : Pagan Sa fewest & frre fara Trane fener as fags
ent fey aa-femst
UeHt et me Set Jol feH Sgt Pagan USTat St
Q. 5. Who was Proteus?
k
Ans. Proteus was the ancient Greek sea-god. As per the Gree 2

various shapes quickly and easily.

YRS: Proteus FE At?

AO96L: PrOTotSeuSH
AS ¥' -StH TUYoro
s wr Ht" |
TatgAS=ST ST
OTtIS Wra Ht | gorot fev
Q. 6. Who was old Triton?
Ans. Triton was a minor Greek sea-god.
He was half-man and h
Yas: wyea cafes de wt?
tee Heo
 83
Mis OF NATURE AND CULTURE
llI nment wi ith the
the poet’s + HS
greatest disi
usio
With Us expresses
World is Too Much
‘The
ad. Explain. ects: of nature
in
se nt ia ll y a lo ve r of na tu re . He loves and admires the obj
ans. The poet is es an
l nature. But b e 1S
form
l o s e l i n k b e t w e en the soul of man and the sou of Pies
“He feels that there is a c
i le. The
< s li fe miserab
himself from nature. This ha s
Be m a d e hi
ped to find that man has withdrawn no love and app rec iat ion for the b eauties of
people have
fmomic progress is of no use if the In short, they
c. They are mad after money.
wn materialisti
Bre. Lhe people of his age have gro
minds are SO
n the mse lve s up, hear t and soul , to the pursuit of material prosperity. Their
give auties of nature.
s at they fail to appreciate the be
obsessed with material gain th
.
1
c
detached from nature. He has grown selfish
The poet feels that the modern man is completely
and
ure. He leads a mec hanical
nat
He fin ds no tim e to en joy the begutiful things of
gerecdy.
Hliife.
mat eri ali sti c att itu de of the people of his age. They spend
P he poet does not approve of the come
pur sui ts. Thi s ma ke s the poet sad. He wishes to be
st of their time and energy in useless from the deep
aean. He would then worship the beauties of nature by watching Proteus rising
by Triton. Such beautiful sights
g He would also listen to the sound of the twisted horn blown
of nature. He hopes that the people of
gid make him less lonely. Thus the poet advocates love
beauties of nature.
age would find some time to appreciate and admire the
uF . fon afest fea fears a fearn Gata |
a
St Use adet
afeat “The World is Too Much With Us” get ot waht awe SoH-Ha
fenton ad|
e 5 ad ardag gu fee cess oT PTE va gu fee seas Sha AST S hws
|
buf ager Qa HfagH aaer 8 far se et ara ms geass et ors few Sas I
Suet frreatt eet
e wit gerd fx nee S Beas SB US UG He for Fifer S
ae qua e ot Ave s ust fier s ws out s oot o St uefa fern
fiat) a dat
One aro aa ucs aet et d ae Jo Ga in fle usw Io | HU Teg, Gast S
531 fs
5 wnaret fe fos mS mraw ds feS as | Ist © Ho uETalaat Bret er
Bat 58 as fa Ga Teas St eas Tt MT ado MASE TS | eo
fag ager 3 far rato rent Teas OTS yet SG ec Sar IS
oy

c 5 faa 31 Qn § ges Sat Hea stat eT THe MED Bel HHT

Are tI
Se ct
Bt ad don frre
a nas Gigt & Bat er ueTaTSTeA TeebHT YST Out ATE |
 84 K.L.S. A TEXTBOOK OF GENERAL ENGLISH Go=
or fr ee FR a ere 5 ame
ot UAT Ads SS ysaT VET | S
brphitidsleDiiirirrpliaatry
FIST Ti Ga Hite aaer dF fer Ox ot Gus & Ba geass ehut Heasret St yar ng,
Bet Ags IF At aS |
Q. 2. The beauty of The World is Too Much With Us lies in suggesting a contrast hey
two civilisations. Discuss.
Ans. The poem first depicts the life of the modern men who only believe in earning
i
and spending money. They do not realise that they are leading a miserable life. No doubt,‘
earn money. But they have no love for the beauties of nature.
The poet believes that the modern man leads a dull life. The beautiful surface of the sea u
the moonlight does not attract him. Similarly the modern man has no love for the rivers, la
hills and flowers. He has become blind to the beauties of nature.
In contrast is the olden civilization where people lived amidst nature. Worsworth glorified
lives of the villagers and rustics. Wordsworth freely moved among the peasants and gathered
knowledge by watchful investigation. He idealised peasant life and made his peasants het
more than they were in actual life. As a poet of nature he fixed his gaze upon the qualitie
strength, endurance, simplicity, hope and courage.
Thus there is a beautiful contrast between two kinds of civilisations in the poem. The 0
materialistic society in which people are mad after money. The other depicts the lives of farm
cottagers and rustics. The poet shows his preference for the simple life of the an village
UHe: The World is Too Much With Us &t Feast & Hfsmraret ot fiz ie
di fess
ad |
@aa: afest ufsat nrofea Hout ot feat Un aget oF trae
uae fea fenena due 5 | Ca nfagn aot aad for Ca Sur gat fF
ava, Qa dr o's as lus Guat $ geass eh Feast wet
at urn ager 9 for outa Wot don feat Se Ar fear Fg
ot fea Has Qn § rachis aot adh | fen Set rUTeS Hoes 7
 JEMS OF NATURE AND CULTURE
mS
ore “s SS foot Chott Hfamrgret ot ea Sugar I fear erasers PHA
Bot UF MUS OME US weit forest nS fearsit ot frcatt Oe aaah Fart ruNt
We AES MS ATS Unt Se fen@ar 3
Q. 3. Why does William Wordsworth feel that ‘The World is too Much With Us’ ?
(G.N.D.U. Sept. 2005)
, Ans. ‘The World Is too Much With Us’ is a poem of complaint by William Wordsworth.
e the poet complains that the modern man is too much involved in the worldly affairs. He has
touch with nature. He is all the time busy in earning money or spending money. He does not
to enjoy the beauties of nature.
The poet declares that God created nature for the joy of mankind. But man finds no beauty, no
in nature. He does not enjoy the beautiful scenes of nature. He does not feel attracted towards
scene of the sea-tide. He finds no delight in the blowing of the winds.
This is in sharp contrast to the poet’s own attitude towards nature. The poet has a deep love
nature. For the sake of coming close to nature, he can change his religion even. He can give
Christianity. He can become a Pagan. As a Pagan, he would find gods and goddesses in the
es of nature. Thus he would worship nature.
URS: William Wordsworth fag HfaaA ager o fa Forfar te WS SS WS WS TE
?
Tat faut det fea fratfes
3g : ‘The World Is Too Much With Us’, William Wordsworth
afes 3| fea aet fea frorfes age o for »rgfoo Hou Antes tfear eT Sag
afrer 31a ufast are Auge oer for J | Go ae SS UT Oe at dr was
Safer afger 31 Ga yfgst chat HeasTSt wT nde Sat Heer |
ae ters ager 3 fa dad yfgst ct cao Hout st et wat wet atst At use SF

Rect sparg-are & fan =e aet fire ufogH sot ager | SAS
 . KAL.S. A TEXTBO OKOF GENERAL ntDe
in chattel eachhonetaescaleENGLISE
Nothing but money. He
"earn astes his energy in the purenit of wealth He waateyavy
ng money and then in Spending it Rut all thie money and the materialPenmareg
the soul of man He rem aims sad and unhappy in the mined and in qpirit, The Modern tig,
leads a dull and Meaningless life He gives hie heart to wvetess things whieh dy

The modern man mus go to the beauties of nature for real happiness, Such fegys
be achieved by appreciating the beauties of nature. The poet himwell experienggy ‘
happincs: by enioving the beauties of nature. He stands on the seashore and aug
falling upon the surface of the sea, He imagines a sea-god rising out of the sea. fig »
_ 8ea-goad blowing his wreathed horn. Such scenes, real or imaginary, fill him wig
WBS @fEST “The World is Too Much With Us’ @ faenr frit wa|
@Se ; The World is Too Much With Us a@fear fee fea feera yare > far
seas cht fessret fee wa Raed rafsa mrentt ren F fer Gta
Sor Pessvet ot use aaa F feaars ag fear dl rafse ment verre
Go Sas ws wort le dae 71 OF et Veet fle Co must Garr arene
| ufost Or ante fee ms fea fer $ use aga fee frreat afew ager}
or oS Ursee waht arent ot oro § gue gas F es as Ox
fee Sen MS SEH aide 7 | fen Set gfe Tent dan a arses fs
Gra
fee borg sist Sor Ger 3 A ret uno oot four Hee |
ORE oat Tess Chat Feaset St yA eorar wus atst ar naet Fiz
Chat BESTS OT MSS WES SATS mS MfMTSMeT MET eT STS SC
Pfars eer Serdas nyes et rsa 3 tact ear at anat } Sued
ofa nies & Ser mies Farag nr far fad fem, mE APS mr
 AND C1N 3 a
—- OF NATURE ree
poms = ANS CULTURE rn

: ain is Pu um! Chea

yee af ates @es Nye fewer et wet »

‘
2 : ;
F i fer os saan
; gra) BTSs" Varn

aief 4 a Wa fer 9 fe wexar a & Gr: shee a

oeee few 3) ’ :
al
| rere @ rd wa TST
Ut ae \
e} & fire wre
wp See
awaa OF FOS‘ firm
.
é
{ea gs ST ae eri
| wee -af irs , arf enr t-a fen e ; ra
me , fer § ff HTH

Ce IWHee
ie dal .
fr ont
3
aterRfarst f,
wa Gus , fru* ay gu fear d |
wae Woe: wUa

— :' mind’?
Ss outw : with her ward etate of
» 3. ee ard apprarance in accord
\
a
sax, The poet describebess the wonderful beauty of the lady. He says that she 1s simple and
the w /
' m Her nature can be seeni
n her face.
face,
The
T
smiles that spreads on her cheeks ara the colours
.
reveal that she ‘
she possesses 4 mind which 1s
he has led a virtuous life. Besides,
. ehine there
a see: :
oy urea 5 d
andiy with € vervone in the Worl S § a heart i
which is full of lov e ¢
am | § sympat hy 7*
t 1 + Wd he has
TK

ot afer att 9S |
ss efeas 3 smust atest fee feta mrean vias § vos

Los | SS ot, TNS & BST oS Shue ot aHete Fa fer Gre sas fee SAE
yet eloquent”? (G.N.D.U., April
Q. 4. What does the poet mean by “So soft, so calm,
2)
He
Ans. The poet describes the beauty of his beloved. She is young, beautiful and charming.
has soft grace. There is tender light on the
deeply impressed by her balanced personality. She
Her mind is untroubled and calm.
and cheeks of the lady. It is expressive of her character.
mind is full of pure and noble thoughts.
UES: TetSo soft, so calm, so eloquent 3 at aS oF?
Ut WAaTS ET SITS ATT
Gao : Stanza Fors dit ufsebat & Haat fee afeas Mas
\wRas aga Ms ATSHet | usg fea oat sat o | feg aga ot seusoi fea

TYPE - Il ne s)
SH OR T- AN SW ER QU ES TI ON S (15 Li
e Wal ks In Bea uty ’ is the mal e vis ion of an ideal female self. Discuss,
Q. 1. ‘Sh
s In Be auty’ is a fine tribute to the
beauty of a lady, In :fact, it
Ans, Byron’s poem ‘She Walk
mot Mor ton who was the poet 's cousin, The poet first sav
the portrait of a lady called Wil
}a dance. She was dressedi black dress with shining spang*
‘ight face contrasted with But the pore a
 SH eee |
= KLS-A TEXTBOOK OF GENERAL EN CLI
is gp,
<a °°combination of all that ie.
balanced combi s e
natioa n of white and black. Her beauty was #
f he r beauty was illuminated ay, 4
black and alll that is choicest in white, Thus the dark shade © te
brightness
§ of h er face was softened
tened. «a perfect blend of dark and brigh: |
The lady had a multiple beauty, First. there wa
|

d black dress. Her

(etirher ao hairehad dark ang, big |
which shon e 1"
beauty. She had a fair complexion aCe, bi Smit ||
4S hts and pure
NEc ty of a -avpu
beau t.
lit nighHOBIE
star-ltiof thoug
shades . 3 As a result, her beauty was the
cheeks and a bright forehead indicated a ee pe ‘atellectual and moral beauty. ‘|
short, the lady was a graceful combination of oe ae ot nde feuet v | Peay |
. Te eas TS a Sih Ban s
US : “She walks in Beauty” |
ii faa ater 3 a ag
: Byron ot afes ™ “She walks aD Bee
sq ie el fase ot fan & Willmot a
aa ee pent Short] OF & arat ATA UtTot HT fea gS
SIGH SEO! Tet STE AT anes WE MS SHE FATT GHC UAL OTB Fy
Se enh
5 afemor fr Qrret rear US 1 Fes ae 4S NS
ee asfaa niert | Qnet feas " Ge mye ge aeSHES|eST ©TO Ue TT Hy
| at One fadd & ASUS AT
Te 1 Cale aia
fare
ee momar equadt Ai) utter, wag et Heda"
= a Om ar dara at at Qnret ovat umrat fers Gasser Ht | @HE =e! et gt
aah gra sata eH Ore rea r rovt at ot anct <aatt Hea r At Gre
De
we afsa Hears
33 feu 2 fers aad US | hau fee, wes Adtaa, watha
Ends HHS Ht
Q. 2. In ‘She Walks in Beauty’ the poet tries to invest the lady with multiple beauty,
Discuss.
Ans. ‘She Walks in Beauty’ is a delicate poem. It expresses the sensitive side of the poets
otherwise passionate self. The lady is perfectly beautiful because in her all aspects combine
together in a perfect manner. There is a perfect blend of white and dark in her form. The poet
feels that a little touch of more dark or more bright would have spoiled the charm of the lady.
The poet is greatly impressed by the beauty of the young lady. She appears like the stal-

studded night in a cloudless sky. Her bearing and appearance possess all that is choicest in darknes
and brightness. She is full of sympathy, love and innocence. She possesses heavenly virtue. o
Her black hair is glossy. It is like a wave. Her rich and delicate Z ee
ae
attractive to the eye. There is nothing gaudy in her appearance. The poet feels that
one more
 “RLS. ATEXTBOOK OF Gig
mmm exsist eae ncaa Nenad s hy

(Hp it : ESSAY. TYPE QUESTION

oi

a ee of the poem
‘She Walks in
ap the main Beauty,
Q. » Walks in Reanty’ describe s the wana,
ans. The poem ™ ro was the poe COUsip,
U8
Wilmot ! Morton, ¥
a la dy n a m e d B
wir of a black dress with golden en.
dr essed
or at 8 hall sie Was ' viewed her in the a coley & :
fore, the . poetpoet Vie
reseed in Black, There ji night when the darkness and light ¢ :
He compares he rf toa star ee
eyes ae
meitince ‘The lady's face
Pants is bright and her eyes are dark, The 5
aduce a soft
| effec t whic h is found neither at night nor in the day, The
produce @
had been r
also 80 show the same
$ blend of light and darkness. If her hair
§
had been
jost its rich beauty. Similarly, if the brightness of her face
l glow.
have lost its wonderfu
thi s un iq ue ch ar m of th e lady represents her inner
Finally,
pure emotions. Her beautify ch
shows that she has noble thoughts and
show that she has a virtuous soul. They show that her heart is ful]
love. :
all. Her heart enshrines noble ideas and pure
Ss" She Walks in Beauty f wa feargt
: ate
UR at
@'ga : TSS" She walks in Beauty Ea ds Ct forst trey
on feane Weea At, Fete: ¢
faves & feaa d fan
Gad rss ufset rss ther | Qn S Hofuet froth ai

oat rt os ovat una ufsat Atl fen set wet S Cad & R
e Teste | AE
S niu Teel Ts arovana
< =

fewtou | BrofeGA tter aS nut 3

le

ie aaa wet e os | alas er fao

fe We yore ier aan wet fimfas Se Is Aor few s Bs
" poEMS OF NATURE, AND CULTURE iw
: sands

rhese ideas are conveyed by the Story Which a traveller told the poet, The traveller told him
x hile crossing a desert, in Egypt, he had seen el cise iesac! ileal ating Oxvymandias

Pe upper part of the ve had disappeared. Only the ‘elitist tee atood there rhe face of the

art. The
a ipa i The fave ot the statue was ; perfect specimen of
Brave oe
yiptor had faithfully caught the expression on the face of the hatch king. Those feelings.
B,mped on the face of the statue, were Still alive i |
had destro :
“Vervthing 'T 'The King The wei
is ai statue
~me
rime had destroyed everything. was dead, His Empire had disappeared
) proken. All around the statue there w as nothing but sand spreading everywhere, The poer

pus conveys the vanity of human pomp and power

URS : Ozymadias STSSt S We fearst/fed S Au we
@ao: fen afest wore Yu fears feo de ater 3 ne GO fae at SS AT HIS
Sarat ata | Gus MUS
Q IS | HITS TH Ozymandias > fer erst fears fears
“SHAE
spams atst | GAS must fea gar es ueerfent | as ot efomre
BUT HS od Ho for A Has ta eren Tt § Qu as saat Tate’ TUT AMT
AS |BSS
soured TAT e THs OS THT He fori Or St fers ferns su T atet At
Sper Ss cot Theat gs fee fm Ft
eo fess avel fee tn ofS at us & fea rag cat FETT Ti oSg S AST SG
fa we Qa fing fea Samara fee Sw faa Ht st Gud TH Ozymandias F IT
ag ot fade Sher | as et Quaer fon su F Par at |fas us aes Sat Sa ust
Bias c fous 33 dt as fea nia ser fier ates ot fear aero Russ SYST AT |
32 uot fenerrusdt oS Jast aH G fod se Se was US IGT Teast HTS
= 5 Sma St Subat, fet S|
até Ae sao ag fest Atl ava He fare Ht ferns su T Tat At ss ger flew
his & og uA ay at oot Ht fos oo feledt det Ht fen sgt afar feo fea
Gat 5 fa ust Saa-gaa MS HAST Sue T HSaTt |
TYPE - I. : ESSAY TYPE QUESTION (300 Words)

Q. Sum up the main ideas of the poem ‘Ozymandias’.

mortal.
Ans, The main idea conveyed by this poem is that all men, however big or great, are
. He believed
he great king Ozymandias once ruled over a vast Empire. He felt proud of himself
e Was as great as God or even greater than God. He got a big statue made of himself. The statue
Ser a be ear
———__— “K.L.S. A TEXTBOOK OF GENE

@re aua o eae @ re | i SH\.

cantet
as nnt
fergt § ABE ST OT alti =a

TYPE - I: SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONS (Answer in

Q. 1. What was inser ibed on the statue in ‘Ozymandias’
Ans. Shelley’s ‘Ozymandias’ shows the vanity of human Pomp Ona,:s
was very proud of his vast powers. He got a statue of himself built, At th
mseg
got inscribed certain lines. “iad
The words inscribed on the statue show King Ozymandias’, boasttutnes
that he was the king of kings. He boasted of his vast conquests also, Heo °
to look at his conquests. He was sure that they would feel smal] before p; =
their own powers with Ozymandias’s. They would then fee]Cisappointeg a
The scene around, however, makes fun of Ozymandias’s Doasts, Today oy,
lies in ruins. All around the broken statue, there is nothing but sand and snl I
powerful. It humbles the pride of kings even.
UNG : ‘Ozymandias’ fea os 3 at wae 4ifas 58 pe ?
on Shelley &t afeat ‘Ozymandias’ HOt ATS mS Host arg
King Ozymandias »Tue qasbt
fersba at 3 15" wis thre :
Newtomt lag © rare 3 Qné ae Uarat vifers sae
4

sas St xtet fer for 3)

Q. 2. Shelley’s Gail d eals wit
i h the e t theme of mortality ty t that‘t
 Eopnis OF NATURE AND CULTURE
—
a ments, is ator King Ozymandias got a huge statue built of himself. It stood in
showed the face of the king in a mood of anger. There
The statue
pcapital of his vast Empire.
ire feelings of contempt on the face of the king. The artist had well-studied those feelings and
ns on the face of the king.
Bressed them on the stone. The face of the statue showed the passio
than
; xing had got his statue installed to show that he was a mighty king, even more power ful

with the passage of time, the king died. Now only a broken part of the statue could be
6. put
The king was dead and the artist who had made the statue
an palf-buried in the sand all around.
life as well as art.
p was dead. The poem illustrates the idea that mortality overtakes
fireait mS TST OS
Lye : BS et Ozymandias fea feur dw wact 3 fx amevsat
ag our atet F| fear ad |
@'ga : afeST Ozymandias feu dret 3 fa uSut ssa-saa Ss HOAs adit Stat
THES TS AS HSU ws, HE UwaTat, AS aE Eabat F sag T ASOT MOY
nie aS,
> ya fed sgt Gn Se Ho's aH Ho fat 3 Og re ager 31 fee Ja far
Ozymandias Suen eT fea
qreardt franet J, as-fadt J 1 fer Sgt areHT
ga section | fea ret fers ammat few ote iais fee oF eT foo IF
SST" S Sat
: ya fea rit ae & fesad S fiysr Shot grearet He laws B Cast
STS CAST TITH
a ufsat Alas Usd 5 Carian At ids a foos ade feos STS
Sue wets seston fa Qa nash oer 3 fee Safa da ow St waSTST |
Ms Sor AT AS fe
3 gaas 5% Ha as fea ata Sher Stern ar AST At oT fot
ot feorfew set J
Fag = fg uation Hit Oa St va Gar Hit afer fen fears
.
3 root ms oer OS ag TAT TI
theme in
Q. 3. Discuss the form, technique and style employed to build up the

zymandias’.
His imagination comprehended the
Ans. P. B. Shelley was 4 master of lyrical expression.
political and social forces. The way his message could blend in his lyrics with
Mic, historical,
igery and melody was amazing indeed.
His present poem ‘Ozymandias’ belongs to the species of
poetry known as the sonnet. But the
was not a good writer of sonnets. This
no submit to the bonds of form, for the fact that he
on is seen in the exalted mood he assumes in
m is simple in expression. The poet’s imaginati
§ poem.
‘The poem reveals that human pomp and glory are short-lived. Worldly achievements do not
‘for ever. They come to an end sooner OF later. The poet conveys the impression that men

selves vanish from this world but art survives. King int Ozymandias MS glories have _
Ev en his sta tue lie s bro ken o pieces. .
Ppeared from this wor ld.
 a
ame | iL, A TEX THOOK OFF ViNVHAL ENGLISH igpges.
| 102
x
and pers onal ly |
of
ihe
he Kit,
kiny ings ofA)
THE feelings
nlatue Had fghily understand the char acte r
end alan fi;
conlemnpl were clearly stamped ont ie pleces OF {ifel
tea | fa
manided the Antti§
4

fore, Mt
i 4 Yoon 0 tig
His Phere
The King wanted to immortalise
jane, i
anid HVOF
{ilies feelitits of COntenpTt
of the
ue kine with alt ‘aces of the stitue, fe ee
waite, The artint made the atat eben i
were 61 alive
alive ,
on the broken pieces
on
on his face, ‘These expressions ie 16 jy
wlory Of the Kitig) 619
; , The jie glory
I dees not apare anybody
HO 0 More, ‘Tine Tine is| i prenh dentroyer,
eat des where. No trace of his Kingdon hy,
ly desert ipreads
' 4 ‘ “Vel
every
this world, Only the vist and lone ch tee ,
left behind, hy
nd in y 7 FH Gpr err es wri te fer eret farFOM, were
Uses Ozyrna
Ge re re sus & afoot fie, i
yore” a ew fistrer Hit
aL ipsa
“bh ata
| Fer sigh Maries" OH BT HOTataT
p, Shelley
aie ai fi; es ot & movers etter are Fe
| .
v eqrepstere ferret TT Ht i Oe oa
arat ae per
waa ales Ozymandias arte Ade ve a vin
en
fevers a Bre t fa rt UA sal
py 3p grfeemt IPE I | UI wat 91 fea NV BUG Rf
re rr as yar ere far e
sige‘ arrfar- then dt | flea afer é‘
"
|
farg YH atest fae ferret A ma Ae Ha t te x Ferdt 8 | eter
Fe a WI
OF eer tere eet fox edt
fcr 5 QU aM O FEY 7 |W Bo
een vat th ad |
at aA
t " Oz ymandias ns Orel ry
ward J are ua ar fre t
nn fer wouBF l re r ta zat Fre Ze fro OA
ect bu at fa at Gr
e s 13 PE RG Strat in ta
Fe wero ot, Q e h r
| i. HC
font araczsrat terra Wes @ gers "Sra Ue
an me Ba e re r HY FE R BE L OH & area & a Wenge Hel
omar A YSTE eth
arava & ra at cd fanarra ohut arecrret wire Ore fa ween
ist it a @ 2 caf ern nt OS Fre w wes | Ua ara oot AT | AMT HoT «i

fy gree wet

fan & at mae | ait te fe et fara tat fram ferres "1 Fest
|
uri Bfer Stem 1 Or ot fama er set ferrres files oat afo fara
(), 4 Sum up the main idea or theme of the poem ‘Ozymandias’.
Ans. The main idea conveyed by this poem is that all men, however big or great,
The great king Ozymandias once ruled over a vast Empire. He felt proud of himself.
statue made of himself, At the base of the statue were written certain words. The
that the other powerful Emperors should be afraid of him. But time is a great dest
passage of time, the king died, His vast Empire disappeared and his statue lay bt
4 oEMS OF
NATURE AND CULTU
RE 113 |
: TYPE - Ul SHORT STXLE QUE(An
' R QUE STIONS STIswe
ONSrs in about 15 Lines)
FQ. 1. ‘In Memoriam’ deals w
ith the spiritual crisis of the Victorian era. Discuss.

Ppring out the theme of the poem «Jy Memoriam’

. . tr (G.N.D.U., April 2003, 2006)
Pans. Victorian age w Messed a deep spiritual crisis. Till science
appeared with its new
pries. Man had a deep faith in religion. He was sure that man was created by God. But then
i Darwin with his scientific theory about the origin of mankind. He declared that man was the
pendent of animals. Man’s faith in religion was shaken. The people in the Victorian age
: red a deep spiritual crisis. They couldn’t believe that religion was wrong. At the same time,
; couldn’t disprove the theories of science.
This spiritual crisis has been presented by Tennyson in his poem ‘In Memoriam’. The poet
jares that science has given a blow to the old faith of man’s relationship with God. Religion, on
pther hand, declares that man is the creation of Almighty, that God made man in His own
we. The poet does not ignore the discoveries of science in his own times. But at the same time
oes not accept them in toto. He clings to his faith that God has created this universe with a
jose. Nothing will go waste. Ultimately good will be the end of all evil.
The poet does not dispute the claims of science. He only clings to his Christian belief that God is
paven and all is right with the world. No doubt, evil exists but it will ultimately be overpowered. He
is that the world is moving forward towards its goal of perfection. Hence his doubts and fears are
ut any justification. He hopes that sorrow will change into joy and every winter will change into

: In Memoriam afest feaddbat Gat & ufoorsua Hae oe fAvet o1 feos

ar
fest a vu feara/fent
yste ad |
Goa: feasdbur car Sulbat fens waterst et aera dae Sot WER TUS hat
it Sat anes yore Bot Ht Tet, Se eT Wen few Sur few Atl GAG cote wt fer ge
Hourgr thar afar fapar ot) ud eo Darwin 3 HOUT Ut Gsust ae uer felamrrsar
hgn atgr | Qn
feadhor Rese att feo Set AST UT SHH Tee eT OOH few fens ee
dard Bat gal nfterrsne oe 8S 1 Go wets Sut aa Hoe Ho for aH
fen mi Og mfen 2 frais § <1 Tes Was Sat We AE Ha | ,
Ease aut § Teyson 2 APES In Manor Fe Oe ater Foror Bah
 Saas cls K.L.S. A TEXTBOOK OF GENERAL ENG)
[ina i | ist
- = oe aaa, ei
oer E
Cemeie
a fefamra & Fe ms Te St ya
MBS ade a ta feta H 7 rat fepengy ere
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g
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& usb
u ae
at Seat | hy

t the universe is a product of evo

The poet was greatly upset by these lutionary chang
new ideas of the scientists,
But the poet clings to his faith that God
is the Lord of creation and there is a purpose
int
creation. He regards this world as a flight of stairs whic
h are ascending towards God. Thep
finds himself surrounded by darkness and struggling for life. He hopes to overcome his doutis#
fears. He declares that good will ultimately triumph over evil.
Every winter will change to $
and every sorrow will give place to joy. Thus all will
be right with the world. Things wills
with the passage of time.
ee
Thus the poet believes that God has a wonderful purpose. The purpose is © guide the
¥
._ the universe ona set path. That path would ultimately lead to grand porisa
non; a
 =
Tennyson Sewerage ?
5 fr Tent HetSt Sy +g OSTA Ser 3 Wiseyas ae ius at 8 ford
got HACafd mat Der atimes AS TUS nny & yoraar arat Saar | ret S
Ho" 5 act mh arg nastbu
&@ ores dea ust
tUH
fags OF USES FCT SMa Reefs fina std Orch te dient @ fest FS

PorreetRoeeohanln asan ea
ennyso™ eed ike fea AYHYSr a fedurarst Bd & fectfomt

We foe Sa eer oees 2

ade 2
.
rennyson fEX USHT STS
wer
AP | are onsiefea yfnis er gaa
aoesa 3S Fe
Fe a feta hat tat Gof prs aac as 180
a fa fer sebut etapa Gat Ox & ¥ "

pisdtond nme $ aa few feat wet furan waar Gera Gute ager 3 fe
WUE SIMS HOT SS avy ur Bear | Ga Hare aaer 3 far Sfamst waet
S fly
ie |e USES HIS fee Fes ASait mS ye Se ut fea
fr og Jel THe ater oT for da wt Gen foserd | Cen ns afnis wet fea aH
TS Ade" TST THT Ms S fea nos Hysost Sy S area |
| Q. 3. Sum up the main ideas of the ‘Extract From In Memoriam’.
Ans. The ‘Extract From In Memoriam’ expresses ideas on the subjects of science and religion.
‘states the conflict between science and religion. It supports the need for faith in God.
The scientific discoveries in Tennyson’s times had proved that man had not been created by
od. Man had evolved from the lower animals. This knowledge was a great shock to
the religious
inds. The scientific knowledge also shook people’s belief in God, heaven and the immortality of
€human soul. The knowledge spread sadness all over the age.
Tennyson, in this poem, attempts to uphold the belief in religious faith. He asserts that God is
‘‘Teator of the world and of man. God has not only created man but also created man in His
image. He says that all the evil in the world will end one day, Man will overcome the evil
‘Sons within himself. He will grow perfect. The scientists had shown that nature did not care
 116 K.L.S. A TEXTBOOK OF GENERAL ENGL ;
for the individual life. Nature
only preserved the specie
s. But Tennyson ag
Never forsake the individual. The poet, :
does not totally accept the SCientific View
a
1S a product of evolutionary changes.
;
YAS : AfSsr “Extract From In Memoriam” fea
e Hu fearat a Pring ay
OSs: “The Extract From In Memoriam” fefapn's
“a Wa
Seah Te me am Fe vse Re &y
fer ‘S fear
fe Fe ere
A
aset F |
} a
Tennyson © Rfhort few fefamara & fea fiter
aa fear vit far fer de ea —_
SAT Be Wowat SF Gus orem 21 fea farnres watier Mest
a fara
fetorares fares Sat 3 de few fenea § aract 8, H
famirs & dar 3 Cerst Sar
a Me
EASS
HOUS
T pre
St

| eves 5)
TYPE - III : ESSAY TYPE QUESTION (30
0 Words)
Q. Sum up the main ideas of the ‘Extract Fro
m In Memoriam’.

It states the conflict between science and reli

gion. It supports the need for faith in God.
The scientific discoveries in Tennyson
’s times had proved that man
had not!
by God. Man had evolved from
the lower animals. The monkey, the
chimpanzee or
were the nearest to man in the chai
n of evolution, This knowledge was
religious minds. The Christians a great
had always believed in the theory
of special creation.
to the Bibl e, God had crea
thete d , God had created man and all
universe
the other
certain days. The scientific knowledge also shook people’s belief
of the human soul. The in God, heaven and the
knowledge spread sadness all over the age.
Tennyson, in this poem, attempts of
to uphold the belief in religious faith
, He
| —<or NATURE AND CU? 121
FroeMs 0 ND CULTURE
r i pescribe briefly the journe
Sc ean y of the lover,
The time is night. Half moon
B ADS: WERT Shines on the calm sea, There are small waves. The love?
E cows the boat to his destination On the shore. He takes the boat to the sandy shore and leaves
B net: Then he walks one mile to the farm-house Share his b ; dite dae
Po DOMRuE
eee)!
pg FS :
OT SIT ST | MOSS HS hes Gus mae | ecbat-Saot Bast IS
yt mies © OS MTUeT Hite Se fonst forter SS Oy fast § ate Sze SIT
p fea QT TET It Peer He awry fet or Gt ifivar fsa ara act Jet S|
UNIVERSITY STYLE QUESTIONS
TYPE - Il :SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONS (Answers in about 15 Lines)
| Q. 1. Point out the significance of the title of Robert Browning’s ‘Meeting at Night’,
(G.N.D.U. April 2006)
| Ans. Robert Browning’s “Meeting at Night’ describes the meeting of two lovers at Night
scribes the meeting of two lovers at the time of night. The title is appropriate because of two
sons : firstly, it gives a wrap picture of the night time; secondly, it depicts a meeting, the
heeting of two lovers.
The poet tells us that it is a moon-lit night, But the moon is just half and looks big moon. The
alf-moon is large and low. Previously the little waves of the sea were lost in sleep. But now they
ave woken up. They have formed themselves into bright, sparkling rings and are rising. ..
The poet now describes the meeting of the lovers. The lover comes over the sea to meet his
loved. He walks across three fields and reaches a farm. His beloved lives in the farm-house.
fhe lover gives a tap at the window-pane. The beloved lights a match. She speaks in a low voice.
der voice expresses her joy and fear. Then the two lovers embrace each other.
| The poem thus describes a meeting at night. The title of the poem is appropriate.
a
Yad : Robert Browning at afes™ “Meeting at Night” a frasu et Hos
H|
2S &
GST : Robert Browning @t aAfes™ “Meeting at Night” & Uimt fers meg
rs
ise agen gact 3 | afeat eT freee & reat wet Cfes T | ufsat ove, fea
mt ot mune eaee feet T |ent, feu fea fires, ¢ ib € hme et fese sta |
Rrg cred fadeat rsd! MATH ST ASS AU GOH T | AS S MOH,
Ud
wr, gar gf, Sears ate Jo 6 VE ? Med cht afodt ated “s aerdhar
s § dese Stout ew gus
TAS! ug ge Gg Arar uebat Jo |Gat d muwu
dnd Oa ae SH CES I ISI TE Tet iat e fwe et sae age T | tit
fea
Homer & free wet Hires ot wrST ada WS ETS Gu fie ast eaae
 . Meeting at Might
on a farm. ft has a
is Shining in the
sky. The atmosphe
re is strange |

Fae—ates 2 ipiiot At ars § fea eax (8s) 'y Tet fewest é oF

reat Hast Tas et wut Sos rere year we feed)
ewes |
saa Fi Aves S aS nsat—esa
gt r |
| EO

cof NATURE AND CULTUR— E

-porM eins i
ee he poem ‘Meeting at Nighy: ake 3
0 Lae mat Nigh Silence is the mode through which intensity of love is

wore r} X t N ri
vm fecting ta d ‘ama : : situetron | ys it
a h js y 1
; re yh ip dese ihee r alte § ft
shehe sky. There is silence all around. The only sound is that of the waves rising and
sioine
|

P she surface 01 the sea. Ne is j

Car the beach isa farm. A lover comes riding on the surface oF,
{
gilt anto the
|Lag ,
meet his beloved. N
Nothing can stop him from meeting his beloved
pie ape lover; MOVE “s s intointo the farm, goes
, to the cottage of his beloved and knocks at the window:
| noc
a ue is greeted
veered by by his beloved. The two embrace
each other passionately They speak 1

| hispers put their hearts are full of strong emotions and passions. Their mutual speech _—
| vu than the sound their hearts produce.
the poem describes a beautiful meeting between lovers. It celebrates their love.
yas : “Meeting at Night’ afear ’e gut at Ga whom 3 fan adt flere & Stas
gost § aaron ater o, feerfemr form 31 goer aa
@z¢ : ‘Meeting at Night’ afest fea arzat nfast i aget 3) ars ot HHT S| SETH
yee SOS fT TTS UA Git 3 few wast at at mies Gus Foe ns fea Jor
age tes wT SH TI AST eS SSS tt fea oo TEAS yruet Yihar $ HBS
aa ht Ries 3 AS WaT asa ude 31 Tet SA Gus wruat Yar § hss F oa
aa Foe |
i's cum de F aoe ite nga ot Pust e was udee Ts farsa S TE
sopaa Set 3| Om ot ret Ofer ware neva ate ate 31 SS fea EH S UST
nay ne dét QS as Ga Tal-Tat ae & fea PA eas Tals ase IS STE
ang et ot rena BE Gat 3 fest St usa] fermen aes T
AS
tex & infant feaars Je tres feu § fers aaet 31 fea Gate Rows ev
wea |
TYPE - III : ESSAY TYPE QUESTION (300 Words)
Night’.
Q. Sum up the main idea or theme of the poem ‘Meeting at
born optimism expressed
_ Ans. Robert Browning, was a great poet of the Victorian age. His stub
in his love poetry.
“elf the most
s his poetry. It has a dramatic
His present poem ‘Meeting at Night’ shows all the qualitie of

is night and the moon is shinin g sky. There

in the
pe Over it lurks the crescent moon
“appearsas if they have awakened f
 —_—_ ———————
—=——=— = =
y ——

OF NATURE AND CULTURE

131

5 UdeH S Hes bat as :

| ear wet rar finra fot at HIST ST GH TT AAS
ipre
} |
| UNIVERSITY §
TIONS
1yPE - 11: SHORT-ANSWER Q TYLE QUES(An
UESTIO NS swers in about 15 Lines)
Q. |. The aig Dover Beach’ deals with the spiritual crisis that has come 0 afflict
ode life. Discuss.
rialistic values of life which
Ans. In the poem “Dover Beach’ the poet condemns the mate
crue l, self ish and ungo dly. They live like savages in a world of
ve made men and wom en :
ss and igno ranc e from whi ch faith has disappeared.
rkne
materialistic, selfish and
ge poet is unhappy with the men of his age. They have grown
reed: The poet finds spiritual agony at the passing away of religious faith. He seems to be sad
h prevail everywhere. He believes that a
nd gissatisfied at the confusion and disorder whic
of faith will once again cover
yecessful human relation is the only remedy. He hopes that the sea
he whole world.
hears the note of sadness produced by the
While standing on the coast of Dover, the poet
of mankind’s eternal sadness. Sophocles also
novements of the waves. The sound is the symbol
note of sadn ess long ago in the Aeg ean sea. He associated the ups and downs of human
eard this
d
ing sound of the sea-swept pebbles, he had hear
ife with the rise and fall of the waves. In the jarr
the suff erin g man kin d. Tod ay, Arn old hear s the same sound, standing at the beach of
tecries of
gs a sad thou ght to the poet ’s mind too. The sad thought is that the people of
Jover, This sound brin
is age have lost faith in religion.
es fait h to the sea. Onc e this sea of faith surrounded the world. There was
The poet com par an
liv ed in har mon y. They attached great value to hum
eace, joy and love everywher e. Peo ple
The poet blames the scientific discoveries
élations. But now this fai th has left the human heart. of
have shaken the religious faith
orall this attitude of human beings. These scientific discoveries

he people. This has made them sad. disorder and darkness of

only rem edy agai nst this conf usio n,
The poet believes that love is the
this wor ld as a con fus ed batt lefi eld. The re men are fighting like soldiers in
blorance, He regards
ous faith and moral values.

e e I a
igi

He
rel

e
of

at
id

ci
rl d de vo

a
a wo

E
te darkness of the night. It is

a
reteg 3 fer’ | —
 aeOF GENERAL ENG

Se aie ere
fers eat fr e
ey genre en RT
r
afm waa Bt HIS, oe et
| us Te fea fuera Hout ar
= ont Fee ns ae s AS T So ha

fauctt ot agi ag a an | fer eho wohire fener MS Bisa aeas

witQ. 2. In the poem ‘Dover Beach’ the symbol of the sea goes on acquiringm‘

Ans. The poem reveals the materialistic attitude of the people of theVi
have grown selfish and greedy. They live like savages in the world of darkne
This makes the poet sad,

the waves while passing ov

is the result of the loss of erreltheigious
pebblefais,th This r emin ds the poet of manankki
sadness signifying the misery of mankind NaePorat values, ‘Sta
 discoveries
,rnewe Soscientific 18 have gh:
5yin arknessss
the darkne ni
of the1€ night. *haken
There a the faith of men,en. TheyThey are fighting g like foolish
are fightin
itual’.
ay be the material gain but ‘the loss is spir
Pa) 3
el? ’

boost religious faith

> e . *
a 2 )
| 1

and mor:ralal values,

value : : human relationship oe is the
of thisSesdisease. A successful
i , nedy
p[TIe

dT & Sat ar F1 Ga ASTI

Fe
FISTS Sabu
obar Yate aaet
yare
aoe eet FdgUF IS 1 ST TSTTgys IS |
ats Gen ase S| Mismiros act abut few deat vt sgt ade

D
set vfogn age" v fo fenent et mes ae fen Sahat or re aS ws HT fen 3
ean oS Soha" S Sethe | Sa one, wet fra as Spite at | sefast ove fer
widat TS fus Ss Yat dorsthe wetus & fer | ease Gar mfemres, SH
igant o cot Tl fefoprse Fat S Sent or fares fasor fest 31 Goose ddd
syed frudbut Stat BS WW Jol uevsast efeet I nar|et Tus wrsthea wret TI
fenea MS Sfsa aeat ast § Go Jae vt a FI fea Hew HSut AAT,
meat a fea-fea fear TI
| Q.3. Discuss ‘Dover Beach’ as a spiritual testament of the modern times.
| Ans. The poet is standing on the Dover Beach. He hears the unpleasant sound produced by the
movement of the waves over the pebbles. It strikes a note of sadness. It reminds the poet of
man suffering, misery and misfortune. Sophocles also heard the same sound while standing on
te shore of the Aegean sea. The sound reminded him of all the wild confusion and distress that
itvailed all over the world. It revealed loss of faith and moral values.
Modern age appears
The poet feels that true love is the only source of comfort in the world.
be beautiful and new. But in reality it has neither joy, nor love, nor hope, nor peace. It is like
to be
tak plain where men fight like foolish soldiers in the darkness of the night. They seem
Mulging ina purposeless activity. They are suffering from a disease which has no remedy.
oe
ee poet suggests that the scientific discoveries lve shaken the faith of the Pronk of his
8 a clash of ideas and attack on beliefs. There is no sign of progress of ae Men are
ne ae as

O K OF G E N E R A L ENGLISH Gem.
TEXTB: O
—
K.L.S. A <
eh
,
y are surrounded by the
darkness ofjp 9
g e s : T h e
sava A ~
selfish and greedy. They behav e like w h i c h can bind the people together,
bond of religious faith
The only solution is the ‘
a
y re me dy of thi 5 dis eas e:
human relation is the onl
ES ae
& oT T iy
URS : Dover Bench gmt
ht O
Bee ic ba wer 31gantmeetd tats ws APS fea AS i
coe nitea ge
Pe sorts # Arsen ESE”
cage
Be wees a
e a e o re
Se et at islesda,
; S e oe a” a 9 a
eg rare ma fro
ee
Reale Perse 1S Oe TE)
cn tw fa as oreo,
Sr
SE aa goa ct ag 7S STE FS ETY AP
SA
Flas we Hee E
confer abr
e a t fe aw 's te mr oa ie re © aT
; Bee a fy gre nv ES
3 aner 1NGe TSH ASS FACTS SET FSG OT
Se a ES
ARATE ©.
See ch ag Fee ao8 oo) GU
Ba t Gf f e t t a ae 0 fet ee vos Tia
Be meat fra oer 3.
fea fea feos J! (G.N.D.U., April
ng out Ma tt he w Arn old ’s concern in “Dover Beach’.
Q. 4. Bri
OR

up the mai n ide a of the me of the poem “Dover Beach’.

Sum
ses the conflict between science and religionlt!.
Ans. The poem ‘Dover Beach’ expres
of science. Christi
oria n age, peop le’s faith in Chri stia nity was shaken by the discoveries
Vict
God. And God had created man in
His own image
believed that the world had been created by
to heaven after death. Man's soul!
also believed that there was a life after death. M an went
immortal. But all these beliefs were shaken by the contemporary
scientific theories. past!
proved that man had not been specially created by God. Man had evolved, over millio
from the lower animals; apes and monkeys were his nearest kins. These scientific theorie:
an atmosphere of sadness, gloom. The Christians felt they were living in a dark world W.
could see no future happiness.
protected the cari like
The poet, therefore, says that the sea of faith whic once
jithdrawn. People had been left without any hope of a life after death. The poeple in
 F NATURE AND CULTURE

e ona dark battlefield where unknown

yer ithe world had withd: armies e] ashed ith whicich
aw n,
by nigh
j
t. PPTThe os seeq of ‘fafait
ie ne
»cteU
tel ithdr Now the People heard onl
y its melslan
anccholhol y
y, withdré
There wa ; no hope or Cons
s olation
jat
iy ion only; in mutual lo Such circumstances. i
people » could find
. ynsO
ve and re] ationship,
Beach fea Mathew Ay
nold &™ Freer figgz|
A
- Dover
yno

ta avet sit or oe 3 Nea

sr
lege o
fret ra foRo
fea r=t fe ned ee
n oT for Hs yen
oh erne
: st 7”
ala oe fer? 2
ee rier
orf 17M ae
wr es es
etme oe 3 Sant ws3 tySy UT ergrege fer
: a elnrePH. 3 HfowH
: st at e)
faded 2 atve r Ja na
fa fener R ees gee =
P spt : ae
ceA
e ah a eae
ate a te eh wee reat ea
eC fal Sane
el S feo
ert aact ot thew ost
Se ae P r He t 3 Ba t wet ve det ee Sut
a
handa Trargt fg aBor Se Cut e Ht Ire eT re = adh
lni Tu e k e J dt SH Sn e :
U Se
G t ST
S HA S

TYPE i PEQ
- Ill : ESSA Y TY UESTION (300 Wor ds)

Vv Bea ch :. (G.N.D U 5 A
ay g Matthew Ar nold’s concern in
in ‘ ‘Dover Ms . pril 2003)

Sum Up the main ideas of the poeri ‘Dover

‘Do Beach’.5.
‘ ience and reliigi
gion. In the
hh’ exp resses the conflict between me fe cae
a
me 48€, People’s O
faite iscoveries
|
h in Chris tianity, waGos shaken by the
i d by :
cles
had crea ted man in His own image. It
1

d. And God
i
i

“Ved that the world had

been crea ‘ ¥

. |_
: Man went to heave n after death. Man’s soul was
“Ved that there was a life a after death. -
D; . enhad
ife ientific ae es. Co
oe theori
porary s¢l ,
* But al these beliefs were S haken by the contem
bh
 In W at way Was his struggle Successfy]?
’
be loved
Qe eT loved his in vain for thirt dishe artening.
But
an q bles y long years, It was very
sing in disguise, as
N Aaud Gonne was the most beautiful woman. She ¥
0".
cee

Py for as cause Which ‘ was ver Y dear to her, Therefore,

ean just her disinclination she could not love the ses 4
is'2
tom mealaning!
artyx hi im. The e i.
read deeper
AWET (HSA Br) fae re
es

ex: gen 8 ite ae § wet wre fing star | ag wee @ne fora ot US
ee eee aioe want tet Hit for Qa mmuet dna & Hore | ng fed
a4 What might have happened if his beloved too had readily consented to marry him?
., The poet felt that he might not have become a great poet if Maud Gonne had readily
from writing
: to marry him. In that case her consent would have diverted his attention
i ay
af
poet owed his becoming a great poet to his beloved. In fact, it strengthened his resolve
some a greal poet.

bcs: at sud Hae Ht Aas Gen ot har Gx oe wet aaa wet Sat Tt
ove t ater?
ggg AAT HS TS SSt O'S Wet wet gate T wet gi EHS fea nos AKT Sat
&
, | QHS WHT OS Water femast er sites adits aaar Hts wruSt usat
gaa fost Ht | Cue Haet 3 Gore wer Ht | Je Hae Gre ad feu Is | GT
ane feo weet oT freuers T
TYPE - I
SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONS (15 Lines)

| Q. 1 ‘Words’ is about the poet’s failure in love at one level, but at another level it underlines
bs success as a poet.
Ans, The poem ‘Words’ is a reflection upon the poet’s relationship with Maud Gonne. The
poe loved her in vain for almost thirty years. In spite of his repeated pleas she had refused to
marty him. Maud Gonne was an extraordinary woman. She was the most beautiful woman. She
Was a great political leader fighting for the independence of Ireland.
_ Maud Gonne fought for the independence of Ireland. It was the time when passions ran high
ad intolerance became the order of the day. Under the circumstances it was unlikely for Maud
Gone to appreciate his love for her. He knew that she was placed in the thick of crisis and her
teal was very dear to her.
| Finding no positive response from his beloved, the poet turned to poetry. It became his main
 CL.S. A TEXTBOOK OF G
a
ic 1429 ae aera aan a
and became
é poe of hig
a 8g great Poet
his verses ane
occupation. He He ¢ concentrated aongreat poet. According to him, this coulg be
realisation of having become
understand his lovee. * NaPos e
atu,
4
had to struggle with language to enable his beloved to
as able to unde Tally
did 1 not mean j
1 just her inability to marry him. The poet w Tstand her gen hy,
his feelings of love. For ay
He knew that she was unable to appreciate theea ng |
refusal seemed a blessing in disguise. It strengthened his resolve to become Z bi “ay
Dyt i
Thus he owed a great deal to: Maud
e
Gonne.a f "
UES : Words fea vue ‘SF aet & flere fey mee te ay oa
‘3 aet & da ‘3 ees § Cstact T |
@se : afes™ Words et f= Maud Gonne oe WaT ST Using § |
fenoe suchen stam fra at | Qx ot we ss oe © wee Gad
feurg are feaans ag feat | Maud Gonne f&ot HUES HTS Ht | Oe an;
Mes Ht | Gu
eyes Maud
a
fess et araret Bet Baw Et MOS Teese was
Gonne fee's St maT Bet Sat fea Go Ayt Ht Ae areas
Dentoeutese nM afer we Tet Ht | fegwt aesrat mths Maud Gonne Saas
SIE
mada SAS faarer fips AS | ,
mamuet Uther SS cet ai-ut Tara ar free 3 ae afer eee
eT HY ter ge fora | Gas mrusbut arfe—irarspat ‘S fearargst att ns me
HoT ost Be fora | GAS mus was at Te or nfo wt | Sr aoTEle
STH OTS HUGH aS Th ASST Hfooor Sa Gus moet Ther & floras
zest | gest 5, = terre © m we
re hPa
at Gn ot eusfea untae mies 3
:

Q. 2. For the poet, su

cces ‘ may bring happiness bu
greatness. Discuss.
t it is failure that b

him with greatness. The

poet Teflects upo n his re
loved her in vain for lationship with his
almost thirty years.
him. She In spite of his repeat
was an €xtraordinary 1p
woman w ho wa
s fighting for th
a noble cause and she attached the highe St valu :
e to her ideal.
The poet feels that things
would have been
different if sh
 S.K
A TEXTBOO
—_———— OF GENERAL ENGLisHy es
Sw o |

. eite] ad fest J er

oor ; TYPE - Ill

ESSAY TYPE QUESTION (300 Words)
,
of the poem ‘Words’.
Q. Sum up the main ideas
B, Yea ts is one of the gre ate st poe ts of the Basic language. He a
Ans. W.
to say in the best possible words, .
ne akin » arti st and tri ed to say wha t he had
painst
e Gonne. He hag ig :
The oo ‘Words’ describes the poet’s relationship with Mar
most beautiful woman. She Was to i
vain for almost thirty years. He regarded her as the
beautiful woman but also a great political leader of the country. It was the time whep er
high and intolerance was the order of the day. Owing to political passions running so high te,
felt it unlikely for Maud Gonne to appreciate his feelings of love for her.
The poet was in deep love with the beloved. But there was no positive response from ty
He made every effort to win her. Finally he decided to turn to poetry. He CONCentrated oy

verses. It was a very crucial period of his life and he was able to overcome his difficultiss
The poet feels that failure, no doubt, is bitter. But it impels man for greater achievemen,
life. It fills him with courage and confidence. It emboldens him to accept the challenge ofjig
fact, it is failure that becomes the pillar of success in a man’s life. It is in this Context that they,
accepted his faith and turned to his business of writing poetry.
Naturally, her refusal could not mean just her disinclination to marry him. He read des
meanings into it. It signified the beloved’s inability to appreciate his feelings on the
one hana
his resolve to become a great poet on the other. For all the pain caused,
her refusal seen!
blessing as well. It strengthened his resolve to become a great poet. He might
have ignored
resolve if she had consented to marry him.
|
YS : Words afesr *g mre ye fearat er arg fet |
:
G0: afer vet & ret Ofer Maud Gonne 3°& Haat er egew aget t1 8
fenga ot sto rs Sa Ong fiers atsr | Ga S fea nfs Fea tas eth
nizortont | Gu fitas fee trea wag ot oat Ht at Se et few vars rat et mo
oHolisa Gand ays Ow te wes, act S ufsaT ater fe
Mand Gonne BEtO™
TeoSt St ul agat vies F | ; ae
Sates

S.A TEXTBOOK OF GENERAT

=
G & \
urage and foresight, {
he might ave wart ned the nati OS Of the flo
have
au ; courag
Having SOITE nis
‘
he should have given a healing touch to the Suffering ; Mop
: ,
sovereignty. By this he s
yes: fae fewest & at aaor Mt Bas Gu Ae 3 ay hy |
Shan Fes Ga 1s 3 OO eee
got a te wad, Ga emce § Ga’ FCT NSS (Oe ce
Qxd aut rsest & Higeat yeTs adat At | iy
% Q. 7. What is the significance of the line I am the enemy you kille |
ale
Ans. This line is very poignant and significant. d, Ih
y
The German Soldier
;
tells the speaker that they shot at each other in the battlefield. He wa. KilleTeVea ls
d wn,
tae
Sy
They were enemies. That time is gone. He declares war as Useless. He a bey,
person as 'friend' in the given line. This line also shows the cruelty of war. “
Hao «for nec ef at wos een
HTfeaT | h
Gad: feu Had Sos Tea MT HI Sues T | FONG Furth
Ga nord § ener ffi tera few Quo? fen ya 3 at ga
fa Gu (Ene) fret d | Ga eHHE Js | Go AMT Sts fapyr> Cutts
|
Go gre femerst
§ ‘ens afgera | fer Hag Ba S TEN § ea
Q.8. Why does the killed one suggest 'Let
us sleep now' to the Surviyo, (
Ans. The German soldier tells the interlocutor
that he was the enemy the lat
ter bay
the battlefield. He recognized him in the
dark. He had no ill will a gainst
the other Der
Was no point in carrying any bad fee
ling after death. He felt at peace.
Theriore, he ws
£0 to eternal sleep.
‘-.

UNIV SITY STYLE QUESTION

TYPE - Il : SHORT-ANER
SWER QUESTIONS (Ans S _
wers in abo
© poem “The Strange Meeting’? (G. :
 inks eee 153
world about the roe lant
sing | he horrors o¢ war
fl : soem pol nts out that man is a p avlonal
at
be
ain TRA ing. Yet it ic a pity that there is some amount of
in his nature. War is an ugly Manifes tation of thiepie1: ae
4 sess jvilization there issa; n of this hidden animalism in man. In spite of
ott demon of War
prot ri : There js the |, :
Cre is the law of the jungle
‘oh settles
which settles
ynal disputes. The horrors of
Var are really We r aKa
Shocking,
Pek e

iN aing to the German soldier war jg . :

yeoordine : - “IS a murder of the innocent men. women and children. It
. 4
everything and Wipes out towns and Citie al] itenlt
8. ruction
and the demon of dest
h) lie :

Pao oss the land. Hell itsel 18 let loose

, :
c . sng soldie‘ r is In deep pain and sytfari
e
w_
alt z
Ba
the dy s SC ; “ - si ee Suffering, He points out that countries and nations are
«into the jaws of death, that is needed j
ded is courage and foresight. There is need to save
gine 1
e horrors of war. ‘ :
gah from the he a OF war. All false notions should be sacrificed in favour of mankind.
4 could impart a healing touch to the suffering humanity
pal ~

Be Strange Meeting atest ar fear at 5 ?

eg : Strange Meeting, Owen Ut He S stag af]esr 3) fea dor feset afesr 31 feo
lac $ aa ot femroasr fegu Sareat feet 31 fora at gus few fersast oT
ger vans fruvat Gate" gerd fan S CHS tar fea wa fest ati nfanr faust ated
Gotiats 5 SHS woh } Hat St feneas ere F safer 51
sex ferra aeet 3 fa Ser feeat 31 fea St fea santar 3 fa Gu S yan fees ay
Spased SS Tt Tl Hat Fe wes fen Woeedere ET ase Ysteret F fast St saat
See cob fed Agr eT TUR J ale ST SS J A isda saan S Us agET
lade Us Het AEH STS TO |
—Faté fruct mone Aer Saas Shen, west wus efent ot ase J| fed As ay
MABE Ins anfont as wfsat } gst ea fears ogo Wd UA SH HET I Ss Saat
PUR Uest S WHETS|
Bar frurdt gut uis wa one fee 3180 ferra ager o far CH iS THES HSS
30 Se Sy at as Qu AS A Bate T THOT ns MoH ous § Fae so F
baz ding gS Ramu sua oda fed ead Ned Ifes ett HES} Sut ST

0.2. Discuss the style and technique the poet has employed to convey the message.
Ans, Wilfred Owen is known for his war poems. His present poem ‘Strange Meeting’ Ses om

"Tots of war, In a vision or dream, the speaker is encountered by a cone oie oe

“klled the previous day. The dead soldier bewails that death has es vasesNabe
Z
ie horrors of war. He can see countries and nations marching into the vort
their ideals. That coul
“ie Warned them of the falsehood of
 d h i m f r o m pdroidieng¢ 0,
t e
has piroenvsentget mad with
m ¢ , g p e a k e yo.and
ay y kikilnlling hi sieves that the nat eir heav y h e e l s ,
} j e o p l e under th * YOU ms. Y“cy
c e n t s a f e t
jnno , OF y of hy Manin
a n d t rample of ddeemmocracy
inds def e n c e ty 9h
eto the y © ill it
r, You ma
in
d e a t h ant 3
t i o n s t o stop fight
e o f na
a parbaro
us dane e powe erful
W
th e a) ing soldier il , It do es not solve edany of problem, u r
|
j
a,
ie
T h u s
g r ee yt es t C V
T h u s the n e t h e h o
th at wat is t h e § to w
He believes trie s of t h e world.
m i t y a m o n g the col yn orld.
and e n Je of the w
g th e p e o p
rhood amon
and brothe a Zdeo a Ff
a b u t a f estet ad
I
r e d O w e n m re Pat dd
@ae : Wil f 2
M e e t i n g aa 2 US
HL fame
e T
OTe NS fers HT
ales" St ra ng
zag
t e s w eer gee TE @8 a |
Sa e
ee
Ser gory fore rece Hi
atten ct S O G M T = sea
B S
Fe a IT Gag ae gH |
emed
soft frurct Tel ard vista ag
J 9
cee —
enters vee fo T=8 8 a " a
e ara S
met reer ar > fady Haa l a3o 4
frurct no
agi ws far f s t r a t aH ed
edet 8 fe e n f e g u
Z
afer os A g .
3 fe w ce t M H
ea 1 a vBarBsEgareS| fe +A ats oa
e ae
Sgt fe eos mS CH E T
cies eaa
Ht ag ri |
Q he Sterarn,ggee Meeting’
. 3.re‘Tg
ght .
ich pleas for pea ce go to th
is a poinewhm
sia
oe :
Sere re diere gigives ves hishi memorable co
yineeg .solai
a
ane a
ee Shae of the hidden animal |
AS
unded soldier i nthe poem hopes that countries and- .nationsW
wars. He feels that t there j :
in a : a need forhumapati
nity
ence Tand foresigh
, t. All fal
should be discarded Interests of . There is an urge -
to the sufferin mankind . All this can be achieved
: if th Cre|
It is onl when pr em e th at
inind to
y peace reig ns su
‘
: ' Y to. = Ps
 TURE AND CULTURE
5 who he is, Whence he h as come —
4 n
js =
ereneis, and so on, He » What
alwith hits~. MakMal he goal of life is, what the relationship
y oe
em and
a sands oul Kes offerings at the altar of the Almighty. sue
a

ryt ”. soars to sublime heigight

Bhts, Nothing e for man than to pur
nie sf is .
an be more glorious
qr at ine
soals and thereby put himselfj int
Ne w ith the¢ Infinite :
al ctrange Meeting @fear fey
P autet
t Ra st mm us nn ft at fr a Ja At e S|
15 Be “A
S nmyat
ig far frurat Har S feet
al

A
th ent
i
a ei tt et
a pee aed ase d fx OH ms anes tar ee Suet sa Vest | GI
an
pent oa yse-fonel et Ss dws gs fasu ws
age fis"
=.
as 8S THE US leh Sy mst $ aad Sag Set Bs ot Ba TFET
poe yer) See esr fea ge /
E MO RT S Cus de
TS fa fer nu s ns ws ness wr MS SA
(eee Ge TH
set Soar Fear ms mus ness ASO"
SaSdS JF 1 ONS Us Bae
oor
"teageetgea™ fr Tata 2 Ga weber*S fa’
tt
mnfienn 7 firerefanarer at D2 far
Gt gaeTTATT "SAT IE! IS
ee goe UE fa Se Ta Ga HTH set SAE
paren nSfax Qareht so Cadht wGet 1S31 ferse BE T HE
ea tatont ot tat aus & Su ae at ret aot 3 were
Soa few ED
beginning only to have an
fe 4, The poem ‘The Strange Meeting’ has an incipient
goalyptic ending. Discuss.
to say that “The Stra nge Meet ing’ has an incipient beginning only to have an
Ans, It is right
ending. It begins with the horrible description of war, but it ends with the suggestion
aealyptic
ance message to the reader.
ipeae. Ina way the poem conveys a signific is
ge Meet ing’ is Owe n’s most touc hing poem. In a vision or dream, the speaker
‘Stran
nts
killed the previous day. The dead soldier lame
countered by the German soldier whom he had
le about the horrors of war.
death prevented him from telling peop
coun trie s and nati ons mar chi ng towa rds wars. He, equipped with courage
the soldier imagines
the m of the fals ehoo d of thei r idea ls. That could have imparted
ose, might have warned ed the door on that
g humanity. By killing him the narraor has clos
e : touch to the sufferin
’

e in the world, Nothi

:

. the Wounded soldier in the poem suggests the urgent need fon peac
spiritual goals.
P* dlotious for man than to pursue his e. lexis wit
peacse,
ntrast between war and
co
"S the poem brings out the
 <7.§, A TEXTBOOK OF GENERAL. PNG
156 eins niversal brotherhood, Peac
e ay :
e.
s u g g e s t i on of peac dq
it en ds wi th the SUSE :
war. but aoe '
of time. ge rs Pabyr 2
ot y e a r
Meeting afes™
: oa : Strange
g @Sbyr 2
afear Strange Meetin
‘ eon ee fear fart & fot
eee a srg fer ta @ fone Ste 2 aaa
Soy Ste USH Tet |
: : ;
Owen @t aa
Strange Meeting,
TTD NS Sts fee Hien
ceeyparaer eennes fHUTERT MUTET TET
Gerd fried Ong Bat § Fate 5d SS STG TS ST THB
us t ag er f fer S H S TH E HTT
“prt am f
Bd fHatfeme
SS sd Je ITS, 5 naw Gust § Gast e 36 HrEaHT
SSS Sa er fea fT HOST TGA BI S SHS GHGS Sy
ae s
gor de a foo a
fee
afest feu aunt fruct axree fa nfs agdt 3S eal
t oot o reer
nmud wrote forfont ot dest S fast do ay St wres
e
fen agi afes Hard one fesors Seas" HHS fourSet o fea
Tat Ts ows S HEP OM uSH Tet | fene-feamut gets, ns
Ss Jo!
Q. 5. Sum up the main ideas of the poem ‘Strange Meeting’. OR
Give a brief summary of the poem “Strange Meeting”.
Ans. ‘Strange Meeting’ is an anti-war poem. In wars thousands or millions:
killed without reason, The poem also points out the false nature of the ideals for
fight against one another. The poem states these ideas through the complaint of
been killed in war.
The narrator in the poem is a soldier. He has a vision in which he mee
The narrator recognises the German soldier as the one whom
he had killed in
day. There are many other dead soldiers lying all around on
the ground. The
of f th them. The soldier stands up and looks with
a piteous smile on | Hs c
to bless someone. a
The German soldier tells the pertain
that h
fo return alive to the worl
la
fe rae
“as trudt fire wast § Srerd fa Oud Har te er mga vt Ga ue frie Ie"
eine Bot § Fa aS CU Chet Ter Ol Je ws Sa Ss aes Aa Ss Hs Sw
Seana fred ufir order at Qa acer gage Sores een fraaas 3
aca $ Gut hee fea wre & Houerct dy aes S foro 3
TYPE - Ill : ESSAY TYPE QUESTION (300 Words)

Q. Sum up the main ideas of the poem ‘Strange Meeting’.

OR
Give a detailed summary of the poem “Strange Meeting”.
_ Ans, ‘Strange Meeting’ is an anti-war poem. In wars thousands or millions of soldiers are
“ci without reason. The poem also points out the false nature of the ideals for which nations
who has
‘Bapainst one another. The poem states these ideas through the complaint of a soldier
battlefield to
"killed in war, He points out the miserable fate of a soldier who is sent to the
Se on behalf of his country, He dies fighting on the battlefield without knowing why he fights.
Nei a0 atmosphere of hell around him. He hears the firing of the guns, the exploding of shells
No one mourns over
e thundering of cannons. He is brutally wounded, tortured and he dies.
&

th. There is no one to see him respectably Iburied in a grave.

soldi er, He has a vision in which h :
i "Tatrato r in the poe m is als o a
ator roo the Ger man sold ier as the one ain he had kill
™ The narr
 La" a6 S a ony gg

aun Je |
Ou TH ors Or ee
Ye ne { do they call her?
ways °
| Qn ney 4° not like her innocent ways, They call her a witch for no reason. For all her
| ae
| Ge
igouileless charm, they consider her;
a boring and dull woman.
pee go Ord at afaebyt Id ?

er Gre SBUS @ Ue oUt aawhnit | Ga fast ares Ong gam afretnt TH

pees fades WEIS S wreqe , Qu Oud stan ies aftrdtut oo |
<W pat does she want to know from her husband?
She speaks in her
ays. TE e poet’ s wife is gentle in many ways. She walks ina natural way.
2, she is commited to sincere love. She wants to know from her husband whether he 1s
wo
i Be from other men as she is different from other women.
na che sem watt ?
ga: aot ot ugat ot Sgt ow EF | Cu et we Feast 3 | Gu mruet HIST
ae ae Tod T | CHa fears ot 8 Qa ars ut Soe eI |S fa SF
po a.
UNIVERSITY STYLE QUESTIONS
QUESTIONS (Answers in about 15 Lines)
| TYPE- 1 : SHORT- ANSWER
the poem
teristics attributed to the wife in
Q. 1, Bring out all the unique charac
Te Portrait’.
the general
The wif e in the poe m ‘The Port rait ’ is indeed unique. She is different from
"Ans, to
have lost their naturalness out of a desire
jimen of her day. The other women in general
soph isti cate d. The y spea k in an arti fici al language even with their own
gear advanced and
They walk in an unn atu ral man ner . Thei r gait or manner of walking is studied and
tten,
sinc ere or fait hful to thei r husb ands . They have a fair-weather attitude
be, They are not
ws thir hushands. But the wife in the poem speaks and Benavss pe utral and seshe
with the strangers. Also,
Ter, She speaks with natural accents with her children and even
re ethy about her gait. She also le
ner , The re is not hin g stu die d or
Na nat¢ ural man
husband commited to st
incerely and fi
y and Sa is CO!
faithfully. ndni to nee ‘She is salletied to kn
 GENERATING}
or 5 A TEXTBOOR i

en

frreyt UT fh
fed go
- The Portrait ates”
wget g fee cag ugot Ue fed HF S Seats 1 aGy,
At F
sparc ney
The ce ait Sa
Gas :

fer mpreeibatt 3
nSast F
sft
S EE S daee
e t fa ra fe a St BS T fer
ae
fuente adet J| Go Gre
oe
t $ltdsates1S foyenst
uspe
at te d a re ar TI ES fa at Cnet ust st Om uss
re ea ot ot Saag
gue Oo fa QreT ust Sfent fe Ea
5 Qa fea are a
most feu!
, personal and pungent 16
Q. 2. Discuss how ‘The Portrait’ is a unique
Ans. A lyric is a small poem that expresses the feelings of a poet or a sp
expresses the feelings of love of a poet or a speaker for his beloved. “The Por
because it expresses the speaker’s feelings of love for his wife.
‘The Portrait’ is a unique love-lyric because it is different from the trac
The traditional love-lyrics describe the physical beauty of a beloved . ‘The
hand, describes those simple and natural qualities which women in gene
Portrait” is a unique love-lyric because it praises those qualities in the w
a woman, but which other women have lost.
It is also a personal love-lyric because the speaker in the poem has ¢
for his own wife. He finds in her qualities which other women 0}
finally, there is also a touch of the pungent or the satirical in
women who are false, insincere, unnatural
and sophisticated :
URS :“ae ha Seed
feat
, U_=_—_- &

GEN le males HS |
a sate a & Tar Tet eh nett ac

et =m SET) fer diee ust seat ge ud A

A eats St2 f fate ates:
ra ae" 4 | ea ey fea awe Seer wn fey yarar mre pat Qvitet myruraet ugat
e E leah Plaines rye | 3 As
¥ gid? 5 =y et oimgfiser nites fee wre
age ea Fenlaranrer Ba ef,

Dh data, std-FES at ne OF
tas a Werar
Gast vast ‘3 feniar
Aheeph Ad Dene
ageT Icy a

, comp’ are and contrast the wife Wi a

th the other women in ‘The Portrait’.
yo wile in ‘The Portrait’ standsj nN complete
4 contrast to the women in general of the
quis
she has all those qualities whieh make:
agit" 4’ Woman graceful and lovable, On the other
omen have lost their §
implicity and naturalness by trying to appear fashionable.
a neater
i always speaks in her own natural voice, Shet
alks in a natural manner to her children.
aks even [0 the strangers in a natural accent. She does not try to appear educated or
ee
gated While talking to others, But the other women use artificial and false accents when
it people. They talk in artificial tones even when talking to their own sons and daughters.
walks in a natur
qhe wile al manner. Her gait or manner of walking is natural. But the other
‘gen walk 0 show off. Their gait is laboured and artificial
qu
0

The wife loves her husband sincerely. She loves him from the core of her heart. She stands by
yp tough thick and thin. But the other women are insincere. They are fair-weather friends.
Tiws, in all respects, the wife is simple, real and sincere while the other women are artificial,
ike and insincere.
: The Portrait fed USSt mS EAbat Hast fesat Sus $ yearS |
$30: The Portrait fea USat Habu MM Mast STS dt Susser avs ust T1 GH fea
AMIE IS Huds § AS STS aS fleets Fe"SS Tos | EA EAbt wast Gases
REBEL rust HUTGSST MS AedStuS apa Palbut Ts |
Wat HAT mTUSt Feat mea fea Foet J) Ga wuS sont se qeast sdla
Risacet 3 fea Sor fa Oa maashut are St quest wld fee die aaet dine Sa
Riae ds cect 3 stad St fevers at Aigner fone et afar sot eget lug erat
Pistos ae aeebut sawt ne gor Bfoer cogent aa fear Sa fa we oars
Wiss sr dist aachut as at saat Hat few ate aachntt ae
ol east sate ore Jack 3 | Gant er neta At Sater Teast Flue EHbat ast
[Pre agent aes Qaat oT nema ances mS Seret 3
5S uch § datas ares fienrs aaet 81 Ga wus few St afaret Samus
\ forage Few Qo 8 BA Be gr a ae as
CHS
Ua |
 GENERAL
” ——KLS.AT )X TROOK OF EN
————
166
al

isin SLs
| a wefe PAby x Yen
ee e ye yet <} UTS, yrs MS date
Hag
fer sq Hs oo
Ha COS € é ‘
“ds
il 1 1S cont vin d t

Q. 4. Summarise
: your . own Wor
rac ter of : the poet's Wife “M4y
cripti on ¢ yf the cha
US ce usa 8 dedes
scr]
Ans. This poem gives
: qualities, The woe
1 describing her great
ure of his wife anc
be looking at a pict eri
é
ty or hypocrisy in her, She Vi
i
The re is no ins inc
grace,
woman with natural the ty
ars in her natural, true-self before
different from what she Is. She yvap pe
omen of the present day who are artificial and j Ty
the V
comp letely different from re :
aks in her na tu ra l voice. She never speaks
spe
The poet's wife always to tea
ti ca te d. Sh e sp ea ks in a natural voice not only
appear advanced oF sophis with a natural gait g.
walks
ily but als o to the st ra ng ers, Also his wife always
fam men who ™
to ap pe ar sup eri or to oth e rs. She is unlike the other wo
proudly or
self-conscious manner.
wif e is a sin cer e wo ma n. The other women dislike her for her p
The poe t’s and yess
er women hate her . They call his wife wild
for her lack of hypocrisy. The oth
She always stands by her husband -
the poet ’s wife , she is full y sinc ere to him.
not like d in the modern world Where mos wy
thin. But, says the poet, such a woman is
women hate the poet’s beloved
salse. insincere and hypocritical. Therefore the other
away from her. a
do not accept her greetings and turn their faces
URS: The Portrait afea fees feast § rus waet fee Huu ae!
Fae : feg afar gat ot uset & afege ao eden feet di ae?

fen sgt Ga maabat wast F sae ms ae-diste Is, SS yal BPS

aet ot usat ot omuat geast rena fea Gaet 319T ae st
fone wet sant He fed aot duet | Oo frag ufsers & Hast ave Tt
ae ft avast wera fee aie aaet 31 GH et usat ote edt’
MTSH-TIS BHI ae Jas S ufas feet gH | =
oat ct usat diste Mas 31 erbat iat Gad

med afore ome Te | fae far ast St ust

gmu sus
oe FA after d farnta
Tus ae t?
 fer Bet
& arte Suite wet ater ater
earet Set
a A HY
ae =P 351 Ga Qn eput ge
pc
-E
TYP Il : ES!
‘The Port rait’.
ords the in ideas contained in the poem
F '
in }your Own W
arijsese in
gyn
ve noel gives us a descripti appears [0
wife. The poetpoet’s
of the chher terat ofquathelities. The poet says his wife is 4
aracgre
p
¢ aedescribi
ee and ng
jcttur
at a ; pic uree of hiss wat
“ insinceri her. She never pretends to be
» okille
natu ral-4| £grace. There 1s no insincerity or hypocrisy in
ip with 2i Thu s she 18
rs in her natural, true-self before the people.
* 1
Mit
ail
hat she is. She a ppea
set (10Ma what ‘ re.
ifr e n t d a y w h o a r e a r t i ficial and insince
n he pres
rent trom the wome of tnatural voice. She never speaks in an artificial tone to
apt gi'sffewife always speaks in her
p o e !
qh e cenot only to the members of her
c e d o r st yphisticated. She speaks in a natural voi
oneal adv a n er walks
the strangers. Also his wife alw
ays walks with a natural gait. She nev
sil) put also t0
er io r to ot he rs . Sh e is un li ke th e ot her women of who pretend to walk in
sadly of 10 appear sup
gif-conscious manner. manners,
cer e wo ma n. The oth er wo men dislike her for her natural
The poet's wife is a sin As
me n hat e her . Th ey cal l his wife wild and uncivilized.
er wo
arher lack of hypocrisy. The oth her husband through thick and
to him . She alw ays sta nds by
iepoet’s wife she is fully sincere women are
ma n. is no t lik ed in the modern world where most
tn, But, says the poet, such a wo They
or e the oth er wo me n hat e the poet’s beloved wife.
ie, insincere and hy pocritical. Ther
ef
faces away from her.
mot accept her greetings and turn their

ws fa fa R eT GO UT A d s Ba TST ae st
a eavast Hue ot rat TG mer ce
e
eint rena eel ane can
oc t ir or t t e
hier MS M E I) I l
Bhaga t ng go bu t (a ad da oS ee
ee2a
hit
STH ETT ao
t Set GT oT ASS
Vita
"80 foret Aras
a
5 ge os Heal
| ate aset pudt
Ee eee

EX TB OO K OF GENERAL ENG q
cL.S. A I SH
(Sep.
TYLE Q U E S T I O N S
UNIVERSITTYY S
R ONS swers in abou 1,
TYPE - 1: SHORT-ANSWE QUESTIas ideal (Aner: to the nisi lj
ar
,

do es th e un kn ow n citize n appe
Q. 1. Why
OR CN ia
|
w n Ci ti ze n’ by W, 4. au
n o
me nt of th ou gh t in “The Unk
d evelop
Trace the (GNDY ,
as y A
l ci ti ze n to th e state or the Go
n citizel 1 appear
s as idea
Th e un kn ow
lems for the stat As an employee, he y stanridctlyneefj2,
An s. e.
at e an y pr ob
rked ina factor
citizen does not cre
the unknown ci
tizen wo
wn for hi m. Th us
and duties laid do mless. He satisfied his employ
d. All the re po rt s agreed that he was har
or dismisse on. He was a regular “I
n was als o not aga ins t the uni
Motors Inc. The unknown citize es and even enjoyed a drink ig
wit h his mat
union and paid hisdue s. He was popular
al iss
his ne ws pa pe r dai ly and fo rmed his opinion about nation
unknown citizen read Publi op
pe rs , fa vo ur ed pe ac e, he also favoured peace. If
pa
opinion, as shaped by news
wa s for war . Th us the un kn own citizen was, for the state a
on the side of the war, he too
wat
er cha ll en ge d the pol ici es of the go vernment. He never created problens
citizen. He nev
whom he served.
state or any other authority under ae
anne eT Brann feat arcane Bratfast S Sa 'S aH Bel a ‘
Ar

d!
e3anThe Unknown Citizen few fears oT feorn fes
W.H. Au&tdafe
Sg: mreRreT BraHGS IH BE AH TATE BA fee ETAT SAE HEE
et Oo MAE
mrattaar aro meh et wafers oat Der ag Heer oor esr
gaat oh urser age" 2 8 On we Kourtes aS a fer ay NEAT TEEE
Ferd er 3 3 2 oka aot torsAenInc. fee HO
Fudge Mo & figae ats ere
pans FIs IF Fae WUE HBA
er Hag vit ws Ger Ser am
sions & fede ont st Ga yoatu avers ae -ae Hava Xt uteT Al ce
fea HHgd Ht me feet Sar for Gu
ees UsET Ht mS aTaeat Reet ad yt f esa tl
ns ot anes weet st a Stone ot anfes aaer| a AoA
 ee RE AND € ULTURRE icone
“or = ilcmaas

i
er 40 different inst
uterent institutions constrain the “_
x Whoo citizen”
y , He
. aiffer® ant it it institutions of | he modern ARE Prew
r 1a ‘ | he dd cren
emt the unknewn citizen from developing
TASTITUTIORS Want that the

4 iu8 einen « io. Th € state of the G INknOWwN citizen should hehave as all the
on if rovernmey
M is able f rule prea efully witheut any
aw aizens behave and act aocg
q 1] {!
he ting to its wig ifhaee ‘ ons thes
ae wiv’ dual within the limits of de Sirabl Hes. The different institutions
© behaviour. The Bureau of Statistics studies the
known Citizen at his job
ae the cenar
un tneet of Serial aan
JOD and ensures that it is normal ane satisfying to the

. The Per ORY studies the behaviour of the unknown citizen

¢ and approves w
league PI hen it is on The Press studies the reading habits of

act2 gacnt 05 | Se-Se Ameret agebut ae fer mrearar aratsat OS at feos

ges NETS TAMIA ATE TS 1TH At Haars Rist are fat fart sotto S aH
Peep ase Fe Tatas fer eho Rlaret garg fears ne aaa few gt Se
peo enastas © feos Chat Res Tet SuShut ade as nar mfwra S
Sot ac8 os fa eT rae ers nah Sah Hr
gd @S At PATH HSfefarteat S mens srafsa oT us AaPxt ySt
ae wins ats MS fend mafae yetiont | On afoot § Ga Shak ug ebxt
ooo uiaie atar aS ufenr far Ga meerat few eubat Hage WEST eT ANTES
cifmag nd a ene wafer Se onedt Heat ‘S oruet ofe Us age et
ere
(3. Explain how the poem ‘The Unknown Citizen’ is a bitter criticism of modern life.
ns, The poem “The Unknown Citizen’ is a bitter criticism of modern life. The modern lite
@esented by the unknown citizen who is a victim of the state and its various institutions. The
‘sent institutions keep him under strict control and watch. They do not allow him to be free.
donot allow him to think freely for himself. They see to it and ensure that he behaves like all
"yople. Thus the Bureau of Statistics keeps a regular watch on him. It ensures that the
Wova citizen carries out his duties and does not do anything against the interests of his employers.
beau gives regular reports on his conduct, —
Br tor at teste ee
 [" 76 K1L.8, A TH XTBOOK OF G WNERAT

a atin at parr svartoer @e oftett wire JF OH Me fey eit

freer) yay Prana’ GHA Wes te med Penney Perey Heehings
wat Sa ferent | Gar Gry mre 1 pall arene ary Prear ert Wa

fiver erent ey od fier War erat ares fer Gar rath Bort eft tt Paecary
natant ex fearar Over Var fons dee Te | fees Were oreper TG fer ng
nirué saa ota yt faarger 3, neat o flat & fada Ot dy wep
feers et Vat false fee a7 | er
Q. 4, Summarise the main ideas discussed in the poem ‘The Unkn se

Auden.
Ans. W. H. Auden’s poem ‘The Unknown Citizen’ puts forward 4 number¢
typical modern citizen, Such a man is not an individual in his own right, In eye
the will of the state and the dictates of the contemporary institutions and the mu
The phrase ‘ideal citizen’ is ironical. Such a citizen is ‘ideal’ for the state t
controlled by the government and follows the policies of the government y ithoe
accepts the duties imposed on him by his employers. He never rebels against the n
him. He is also a regular member of the workers’ union and pays his subserip io
mixes with his colleagues and enjoys a drink with them. He reads the newspaper
influenced by the advertisements and buys the products which are most advert
such things on instalments as is the fashion,
The poem is, thus, a satire on the character and life of a modern man. St h
man or citizen leads a life of comfort and pleasure, But he has lost
his indiv
human worth. He is only a slave of the state, of the social trends and of the put
been reduced to a mere figure or a unit.
yo TE

<f NATURE AND CULTURE

ie | feo UIST mT & apy <7, a

epi lat
paige TYPE - lll: ESSAY Neen ee
Typp QUESTION
(300 Words
gymmarise the main ideas discussed in the poem ‘The Pe. . by W. H.

jell
é Ww.‘ H. Auc
an’
Auden $ poem ‘The Unknown Citizen?
yn n Citizen’ puts forward a number of ideas about a
itizen. This citizen lives es without
modern clliz wij ;
ia) thought and is controlled in every matter by
5 opinion. bythe salen Fe e the advertisements, Such a man is not an individual in his
waht He is only : — of millions of other people who have no independent mind or the
and the
si fo think seca a - igen i everything, he follows the will of the state
esol the contemporary institutions and the public opinion.
se prase ‘jdeal citizen’ is ironical. Such a citizen is ‘ideal’ for the state because he is easily
saled by the government and follows the policies of the government without hesitation. He

gg the duties imposed on him by his employers. He never rebels against the rules thrust upon
-Heis also a regular member of the workers’ union and pays his subscription regularly. He
«with his colleagues and enjoys a drink with them. He reads the newspaper every day and
buys
visthe options expressed by the newspaper. He is influenced by the advertisements and
frigidaire, a
suducts which are most advertised. Like every other citizen, he has a radio, a
a satire on
vison, He buys all such things on instalments as is the fashion. The poem is, thus,
citizen leads a life of
‘acter and life of a modern man. Such a typical modern man or
worth. He is only a
ton and pleasure. But he has lost his individuality and his real human
He has been reduced to a mere
eof te state, of the social trends and of the public opinion.
Mora unit,
afeat “The Unknown Citizen’ gore ye feaat er Ava foe |
®-W.H. Auden &t
BH. Auden ot afes™ :
"aR Garg aranfsar St mUSt He Ba 1t GAS OMS,
“es i ear ta pa s Bel Hea t “5 fenterstrs gu SFr
Nig f
 Rs
KIS ATES THOOK
OF OG)

woe Pa etapa a arene atae weet 1 Ger resort a neraey) Frere fora
©. 4. Whe are the perwane fe wham
bw
death iy likely tw hig: an thong

4 WA. There
They ave pores whit have a neriral remain te dislike ed Nate
We anathema §) them. They are persons who have filled
to Wehieve theiy ,
work! Thete are paws who could not write the kind of poe
ry they w te
person wha, given beter ciroumetances, would have achieved Perfecti
on,
Cragpnhal with hfe and resent dying
yas. fro Rewerat coy fireyt swt iter fiver ferwarry y
Pee: Paritans de wet fore wot fe@fer Cont & var} fa
Gere Gr | Hodonists at uot agt Meath er yar der Oye om |G,
Ree oe |ats Som eet femerat et ter F wafers eae ay frgipy
eeu fee et Oo wusht oe we ere oe |
QS What is the meaning of the line ‘Do not Go Gentle into
that Go,
Ans. The line De nor Go Genile into that Good Night’
means that one gh;
Peweseag against death, One should not go into the
dark night of death I
holy. Ome must protest against the idea of leaving
this life, Man’s life should be
Should also struggle against death, Man should
not aecept death :
YES: “De not Go Gentle into That Good Night”
er at are?
Sse: atest fee feu fear set fees de altar fam
e 3 | my Fa:
wu wetease Us |HS yst omy aes 3 fer nae em
mre ward 1
O amtus feerd fits $ fare da 3 eter a
meteSTrad | fenrst § its S free fede aaasad | Qu afrerd
r gta | 4g
 ersuades all i ’ bone ate! eath
He believes th:
yi? wwe agionation. Dersuades all kinds of people against taking 4
S Mat life is sacred and therefore one must not bid farewell
potest: One must face de ath in a heroic w uty Hite
ay. Every human being is in love with He.
= nan must protest against death which 1 akes him away from life, It is only in his figh
att
ag hj ‘ ‘ 4 ic fight
I c
:

th shat man shows his love of life

zeal 1 ee y
i.e should resist death beca: , ees
Fy agp Dele me use often they are unable to achieve their ideals OF
e dreams in life. Sometimes circumstances or conditions of life prevent their succes®-
ai? -efore, hate and resi :
*:° ould, therefore, Sist death which takes them away from their ideals and dreams.
(jg t PUI TS At Hest
er F fogger Gayaat uF
en 3 | feorfier a | ees a
fq; ‘D0 Not Go Gentle into that Good Night” afegr er fear ita ma te yst
3 fer Se HS AST er atea S| ne fey fon dedt are avs wet HS SH
Cee tS ST ation ater seth eer 3 | fon agt afest mitt Jo S
(ani? Ba HS GIO! Sans ust UsHafonret ore gaa us fewer fess
ae | re
(per go ba Uo FHSS Bugs yes aa SS as | Ga fenen ade Us fa HS
23) 10 aot aga Hear |fer Bet its & feau vt act ga st | Cu faestt fs
GrUReeTS TIS Fa ‘S ysrs ase Vs | fen wet Gu ufoHH ase Ts for
gas wae freat § feetest tet watet ¢ | fad sa is fegu adt ose |
‘aun G0 8a Jo HHS wT ag fedu aed Us | Cu Hes Ht faeat feerfeatt
wiesaube oot dae | uted us fa feat ay wa ms ufese d | fen Set Ga
guage Baott Ft Gust fimrtont $ da adt 3 for S Ga fiers aad as | ot St
imisa hs a fedu ade Jo fasta Gu muse meant & urus aaa ms Hufonit
was fea MASS US | fad Sa ufoHH ade os fa Guat} vat Tas us freait
mm fes aS, Quat S wuebut ufaont ufonn atshat Jao 2 fad Sat wet HS
Rs oy eee os
Re
(.2. With death at the centre the poet draws a portrait of humanity that is intriguing
‘tming, Explain.
e The subject of the poem ‘Do Not Go Gentle into that Good Night’ is death and the
pa death. Death is, therefore, the central idea in the poem. With this central idea in
the poet proceeds to tell us about the attitudes which different people adopt towards
_"Sthe poem becomes, indirectly, a charming and intriguing portrait of different kinds of
Ny td theirtheir react
Teactions to death.
 : \ TEXTROOK OF GENER
| Ra KE. RAL eNO
‘ ite

act death quietly

there are the peop ww
Pires

meng
, cenee if PTOTESTING against death They Se
One must die, Therefore, there 1s he

oS
n life as natural, So they feel that they she suld bid farewell to life withoye z
do nol rage or rave agains! death
e who must protest agais t dea) r
On the other hand, there are peop!
holy ANd Sacre
dying or bidding farewell to life They think that life is something
must fight against death which aims at snatching them away from whag theyi
log
further those people who oppose death because they failed to achieve their ideal
dreams. Such people fee! that given better circumstances and a longer span ams
have realized their ambitions. To such people death is an anathema, THUS With the
its centre, the poem gives us a portrait of different kinds of people, a
UES: “Do Not Go Gentle......." & fea aanfseFUE fagy,
seh fey
$s: “Do not Go Gentie .........655 " Dylan Thomas @*"a |
a) fe s c | tr mg ore 8
vans feoset
& at hs St ay
SEES USTSait HS ANGUS ETT | EH VaHS fest AS Fa eT T | fey Ff,
oe Sewe dete e Sat Ye" Un ats ae us beer eT NS UST
a ee
feren ase da fa tse dl Hou OHSS T | Co Ags Hear | fer
fuss ae is uss agat Tutt T | CHS Hs t fegu fuser faser ag
faeat & geast mS wad Hs T | fen Bet ada S afshut sass ate eas
fectest fet autet T | 22
S F ie
Shen
en wens fesa ms a ot was T | feR Cans MON
faxes" owe oot uss aaat Tet | HS St Gu-wu USTsaTt Sat Tete
a do | fer wet far
sta
as ua ms ufes fedu & sate freat e
feeteat oot tet ootet | aa nou d feat are frre d | vee FHS
wdte 3 faGta fea asa 4 feat SF va S et T | fea fraw Get Hi
a ge @& fret ust fue feurrGet T |
Q. 3. Discuss ‘Do Not Go Gentle’ as a philosophical statement.
Ans. The poem “Do Not Go Gentle into Good Night’ by Dylan Thon
the sses
poem. Jt discu philosophy of death, It tells us that there are two phi
ee ees The othe r philosop
is the
 , ATURE AND CULTURE

lieve (}iiit death 18 INCVitable. Man ;

all § MopHal, [fe must die, Therelore, je ‘ & awl
atly and quietly, Me Must not faye OF fige ‘
Vif AMA death, Death io the pyaturas é
and
iit jal i
ife. So one should he ready ;
(lt
i
|
awe Y¥ (6 Hid hirewell ie life without
font? grumbling.
va shy is the philose
a
: ie hel ilosopHly | PHY Of prote fil hd resistance,
delat
According to Wiis philowophy " »
acceptopt | death quietlyY OFor gently,
pe n There
\

sacred. Therefore
pilliis po poly ANG | GHwTekt ¥: There should he no meek acceptance of death. Life
js Fe ONE Must 1 Abid farewell to the holiness of life without
nine “ing 18 |
yr
wi vy
payer.
human being 18 In love with_ fife On © MUSt protest against death because it takes
‘ 4 it Ay

atti
, lif e, Hl is on ly in his fight APAINS! de:
or if frott
be ‘
r Balnst death that3 man shows his love of life.
af ea
{ iW
aie
' l dy‘ jan
‘Thomas @ “Do not Go Gentie he. 1. IOS fags
ead | be
rl _gfeg" “Do not Go Gentle ,....,,,, ” thy faster feay ort
| saree’J> || aferAeA
Prowse 3 1851 G FS meer erate fore Ba ira & SU
‘ ade Se ee
" et Dylan Thomas Yeaatt & ube act aaer | its yers aaa Tt

inte a | freat ms ules

oy sratet
Lied few er Woe ows He a wr usar y | fen wet daa § feo & TSE
grea tent MS oS € ISd FSG wns Sent gerer ardter J | va fra § owes
aig os feu out wer ote | gy fe um 3g F ayaa 6 Hs G SaeT HIS
aa fn wet far ts Gast & Satbut arserebot mes Sat araothiont F Foret T | Guat
ond nu @ a & IST fee fae et eter oct Set wdtet | eA Bat } st
dort fa Go uTUe mredat et uTuSt Bet Hs Ss sae
fer mete ¢ VIHS UT UST aget T | fea Sar S ass ws Hs Spat Tast
quesQer ua doer frarGet F | ts Sat ot unt ow fae eat feet T | fea ae
fad Mot aS aircon ot ust F es S et T | ates woat fea Gute ws IHS
treo ter aget
o|
TYPE- Ill
ESSAY TYPE QUESTION (300 Words)
Trace the development of thought in Dylan Thomas’ poem “Do Not Go Gentle into that
Night’,

*8. The poem ‘Do Not Go Gentle into that Good Night’ is an expression of protest against
Poem puts forward the attitude that people should eee evans death. a of the
cept death meekly and submissively. They simply resign themselves to the idea of death.
“pt death without protest.
Paci
printed on th
gf aeof tne hea d), the poem is pri
apie

ot Faust st Bey page.

jee geo muet
nmuet : Hufas t
(e ” = t
ars ee
ot SSust

ne ene
* fed HES"

ne Gazeta ne
ga
Rot der gd | vss aa fea ct ws Hse S
afest ut daar & are
tes
3 (daten Tt wet 5 | we oat & an aet ©
“3S
por |
aon (dark hole of the head), afear wet i 3 eu wet 3
ae TYPE - I
T-ANSWER QUESTIONS (15 Lines)

in the context of its theme

1 & piscuss the title of ‘The Thought-Fox’ As a matter
bes Th e title of the poem “The Thought-Fox’ expresses the theme of the see
fox
tit le is bas ed on the the me of the poe m. The title suggests that thought is like a
eft, the of the
depth of the human mind or out
gens bidden within the mind, Thought comes out of the ch the poet sees coming
sani! consciousness of man. This idea is suggested by the real fox whi of the
fox com es out deli cate ly and mov es about on the dark snow. The nose
of the forest. The and now there. The fox
ing eyes mov e abou t, now here
sxtouches twigs and leaves. Its shin n and then again
ope
foot prin ts on the sno w bet wee n the trees. It comes out in the
ayes its neat
.
gess the depths of the forest the fox. The thought ari ses out of
the
h res ult s in a po em is lik e
The thought of the poet whic the same movements as that of the
fox.
tho ugh t of the poe t has
ik depths of the poet's mind. The itself in the form of
idea, whi ch wanders about and then sets
Ie poet’s thought comes as a lone also because it arises out
of the poet’s
thought is like a fo
x
e. The
tal ideas printed on the pag
po et wa tc he s its mo ve me nt an d only after much reflection the
ini and wanders about. The es se s the po et ’s me an in g and is written down on the
finite idea whic h ex pr
tought becomes a de fox in origin and behaviour. Th
e
human tho ugh t res emb les a
'. Thus the title suggests that the
-a] theme of the poem.
itis appropriate because it is related to the
8S: The Thought Fox & fea = reds
ug&7 h
: FEST The ThoFox fastee P
< “5 onrfirg 3 | frase ESS“
Sr few gts
—a7—
ey - OF GENE
TA TEX THO 3
|
od | oust eT Se
a ae
oe
t € e ye re t
a et ga Shit
ae t unethat we | ye
: ait ava un
syng@ets o

ge est YS +
3 fer tas FS fap eT stat ates"
eT ae * Gat[vee mus oust
>) get o feesyor my g
Gade" * dns fer

. .
i
5 y us a
of the fox from the dark forest, th
Q. 2 Discuss how with the emergence
pa 's darkness.
shape from the mind takes shap e from the darkness of the poet
Thou ght- Fox’
Ans. The poem “The of the
ki ng be gi ns wh en the poet observes the fox coming out
process of its ma
poet sees and watches the mo
to be compos ed when the
forest. The poem begins subject of the po
fox. What the poet notices and observes about the fox becomes the
dow . Ther e is no star in the sky. But suddenly the poet notices
looks outside the win :
ing near . It is the fox.
the darkness, something which is com
The fox comes out of the r
The poem is a description of what the fox does.
its nose. Its two eyes move
forest in the cold. It touches the trees and leaves with
shado
The fox leaves its neat footprints on the snow between the trees. The
slowly by the stump of a tree. It comes out in the open and then again with
returns to the dark forest.
The poet's ml
The making of the poem shows how the poem is composed.
suddenly it notices an object. The mind of the poet observes and reflects on
process of observation and reflection is recorded and becomes the poem.
yuo : fea ag Sust t Aare fest

ga : SAFEST The ThoughtFox ge

tF us S TE

afe
& nfrs BS CF ay 88 as A aS g
 AND
AN D CU
LTTUIDRK
93]a
CUL
ee
8
Vettes

Ktoo urs fea FE are att? us fer Tad ISS

y NTE Brat furs fre
: >

eat 3 | Feo Saat S| aaah

A
fab ‘ coed Adet TF Saat Oo
Gan ceo se fe
& F3 at | for aut @ nvut fears OT2°
s
Ce Te oe CNG WE a
e GS
pa. | gaat ed us" fewars wa Cee re
IA
fs a eae ee COE - ange t ma fea eae”
fe ne oe
| at er HO =EE Oe
w ;
at e oe
tTfe
8
mirgert
s
fea @Het
ot
-

Fa e
gs a's
e
O°doeeepeea feaagCEaaeReSSSfrvt feafrufenafdon|r STng S ag ors usBUSTTAISeeMSTSGEASM -
Ae” fed
ie
xt ;

Maite TOS CU * mS Usifire nerf

wits = as d |
Ee me atet
uss
s the poem about, the fox or foxiness? Disc
, what ! In other
(.
abo ut the fox as also about the foxiness.
forest At the same time the
h
The poet
ss om a F Thought’ is bot
ich comes out of the
ee

«pe poem 3 description of the fox wh quality of a fox or ‘foxiness

’.
huma n thought which has the
jal gpout the nature of see s. Th e poe t looks out of the window
. It is a
the fox which the poe t
But then the
| gst, the poem 1s an
da rk ne ss out sid e and the re is also perfect loneliness.
gs 8): There is a pitch nearer. The fox
in the de ep da rk ne ss of the forest and coming
feels something moving Thi s fox mo ve s abo ut on the cold, dark snow.
re of loneliness.
oensand removes the atmosphe its nos e. He see s the shining eyes of the
the leaves wit h
bushes and in the
igches the branches of the s the fox mo vi ng forward into a clearing
poet see
d now there. The the shadow of
knoving now here an ees. Then the poet sees
av in g its fo ot pr in ts on the snow between the tr
ietand le
e. so
vy beside the stump of a tre ma n mi nd . In ot he r words, the poem is al
‘foxiness’ of the hu The
The poem is also about the
t an d its abi lit y to express its perception.
the human though of the dark jungle. The
whe mysterious origin of t as the fo x co me s ou t
e poet's mind jus
wt arises in the depths of th of its pe rc ep ti on . Th e poet’s mind or thought
depicts
‘a thought occupies itself
with the object ‘foxiness” of the
do es . Th us the poem Is both about the fox and the
bin and all tha t the fo x
“thought,
Ge et at ee e 2 fe ar s a |
WS: atest fan wa 3 - h e ea t wa | gH HU ET fee ateT
Th ou gh t Fo x, S a l WS= aBN d S S
Pt: afear Th e H E T E N T
rece eget
fae ee
a
see
bet wa ope a F E R S A
yar abe r wt N E
Wes ah
 | fet 1 al
meee
aia pees Lahemieahibee ss y
aget¢ | aah tnt SSSI mS Sug
S pret d gue at d as VIS ar reams
" eu Sagano .
eri
afer We wT Ho im aas ot tas ws STS | Feog aS
= Oi sare FET TTT CAT | HBA Rey
pee ter gerd fre Saat? ee

TYPE - Il
ESSAY TYPE QUESTION (300 Words)
“The Thought. Foy’,
Q. Sum up the main ideas expressed in Ted Hughes’
writing poetry, The po,
Ans. The poem ‘The Thought- -Fox’ describes the process of
. There is a perfec, in
in his room before his type-writer. He wants to write a poem
the room. The poet can hear even the clicking of the clock. The poet looks outside Hee
dark forest and the starless night. Suddenly he thinks he can see a fox coming Out of
forest. The fox comes across to walk amidst the bushes and on the snow-covered earthhy
about sniffing the twigs of the bushes and the leaves. The eyes of the fox are shining anéity
here and there as he moves among the bushes. The poet sees that the fox leaves behindii
prints on the snow. This fox is followed by his shadow wherever he goes. Then niet
a bad smell and disappears into the forest. ie
The poem is actually about the working of a poet’s mind. The fox is something wit
imagines. This fox emerges from the mind of the poet and it is the poet’s i
describes the movements of the fox. The poet creates with his
own imaginal on
describes the behaviour and movements of the fox as
they would be in the x
The poem shows how a poet can recreate reality in his imagination and
he creates an imaginary fox and describes his
movements. The descrip
and its movements become the su
bject-matter of the poem. The
im
|
agines about the fox.
:
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gd: TSS" The Thought Fox
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3. Mirror
Sylavia Plath (1932-1963)
INTRODUCTION
or images of man. The mirror
spe rem yirror’ distinguishes between the two appearances
psychological self.
ys person not Oo nly his external, physical appearance but also the inner,
place i nside her. It
ws mirror in the poem shows the woman the changes which have taken
and the inner. She is a split personality.
gos tat the woman is now torn between the outer
d
te ri st ic poe m of Syla via Plat h. Like her other poems, it too is concerne
yirror’ iS a charac
rloc utor in the poe m is the mirr or itsel f. It notices the change s which
iétte inner self. The inte n and its
Ove r tim e. The mir ror noti ces the split personality of the woma
ieplace in the woman
mus aspects.

SUMMARY OF THE POEM

the interlocutor in the poem. The mirror says that it never tells
tiemirror is the speaker or It does not show things in a distorted
it sees. It is like silver and transparent.
i liteflects what
what it sees and then shows it back clearly. The images or impressions
& ltassimilates into itself
tome before it are not changed by any love or hatred on its part.
Thus the mirror looks upon the wall in
ya
eve
emirror says it is like a godis pinwhok inseescolour rything. aN
vervthing.
ror
l
iit It shows that the wal . The wall has also a few spots on It. The mir

show the wall when itis dark. The mir9t hows the real face of a person who stands.
i it
 109

we
i
/ G6 et
aa

_eo
arya yey
we | ht a Cesz, (era)
for Oa ae | wy g fargrresa
ie <q come e IS

¢ s Ther
rytnghing itjt face
onyt rereflects everythi
l “ itt0
ner its ' ; OC 4
§ not reflect anything. Moreove!
;
fF pange 88 Pe its Movements, Tt has an indi ar
ality of its own, The mirror a reflector
n Widu ' a4
ay

arear vt ?
i0° _

i go ate Z fore

fafran gaa fest Stet &© usatag aaa ae eS et

reorer i ERE gata fer anat
afoer F | fer et mat
J |
C feat reflector d
df e mirror a dissolving agency?
wy is th A;
("ror represents truth
rep truthfully wh; ‘
it sees, It does not conceal anything. It
1s
mirrol Whatever
yg. HF- which changes. The mirror dissolves th ‘ y
git!
s the personality as in case of a young
pie ®
n.
j to 2 old woma

ee eeo fae far Ga

pe

& | fea fat ot ote yor Sut

ai ee a ers Bate FETS
peices TIF OO Ta TeHRT after S| hr fa
|
Aner § eae S o HIS Fer T
UNIVERSITY STYLE QUESTIONS
swers in about 15 Lines)
TPE - I: SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONS (An
sig nif ica nce of the title in rela tion to the theme of the poem ‘Mirror’.
j,1. Discuss the
‘Mir ror’ is not only appr opri ate but also significant because it is
4ns, The title of the poem
teito the theme of the poem.
the chan ging natu re of the huma n. self. As time passes, a person
Ite theme of the poem is
old . He be co me s awa re of the change in his self. He
ws
sis youthful personality and gro bec ome . He feels that he is a split
he was and wha t he has
iences the contrast between what
t fac t. But the mir ror tell s him the truth, Thus the
unpleasan
“wality. He attempts to hide the ng. But now she has grown rather old.
beautiful and cha rmi
arinthe poem was once young, ted
ind out wha t her rea l self is. But she is disappoin
again and again into the mirror to fi beautiful. She goes to
“over that she is no longer beautiful. She wants to feel that she is still
ng.
the candlelight, she finds herself still charmi
"tlles and the moon, In the moonlight and in
can dle -li ght tell lies . She kno ws that she is no longer young or peeutty,
Me thoo ntig ht and fhe
doe s PO LS ane rea lit y and the wo ma n
mor
ite ‘Nior i related othe semThee,
 EN,
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nothin ;
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Th e mi rr or is, therefore
The he woman.
to be true. ?

k| nows this mage of | t

ent re ql i
It refl ec ts th e pr es © jearly
reflects.
e w f e nd Fra de tity,
the mirror
w i n e f at phos
r ia3
or , » a4,yufe
kno ws,
What the woman
3 H a t F I T S
yaa : afes" seu gaet
ni '
f 5 ANTS JI 1 fag
xy e t n a r é& y t @ T e e AGN OO
se
afest ot Yu -ffeenrr p
e m a r s
x Aout Os Her T ater 8) gue

gor torn agg eH Js!

afest “Mirror” & freee Hu- alr
eest i fx fev ate feoa s Het 3 sr gy stot auger
wa ies
Sagi gor nfo aot caeS eT | fea GH aT S SITHTS UNE HSH
las S 1
>| fon uae Bir afest @ e-fett ove afar dfemr TI
seman 3, Hs at Git wan S ufsfieas ase 7 a
Q. 2. ‘Mirror’is a poem of psycho-analytical gaze. Explain.
Ans. ‘Mirror’ is a poem of psycho-analytical gaze. It is concerned with the
feelings of the protagonist in the poem. The protagonist or the chief human
i the woman who was once young and beautiful but has now grown old. S
te mirror. She does so to find herself young and charming. But she
i a pe ee oe or charming. She finds only > se womal in the

The woman’s gaze into the mirror has a psycho¥

But the
shows a change in her physical beauty.

very .beau tifu l. fels a splite condin her persé

So she
effect That is,
° onven ugly, Ore

The eg
e ae

Hey Na Wor
ul te a ath
yous ally (Sh YEW 3
Deg Ny NY a wy
Phusy the poe dy »
oun ¥ Bor © AN ahe Will c by
R, | beoome alder an \
8 Poeny|Ot ps Mie |g HOW a ORO Wha
r .
ft wt | uw oanmotvt adi att
, pti NEE 8 AK, Sheg ANHOT poo eileveho. Malytie
al BARE Hheoanee it Peveuls wa the
est ‘Mirror” HST eters © hersoit to this apt
gies? “Mivcor” Renna} @ tet une a Wes
Uae we
erat 8, flemverfepne eet
“ afest PUT EU ran 3a wh
(re r fy a every}
WRT TaNIET wore doy awe 8
Wy “UTSe fry ~ ic mo “ WS fears arearet are av

pqat 01 0o GET Rh tera We HRT HL ewe Det vit, uly ge

i vat ude Va fea dugfore bana ey } Hers nea few Gua at
- vy HY fea Tue yy $ fy aah iy Ue HT trea firsees wat
te gat 01 as AA Bee Reet Oa nryat arent mea
sf h ~fefamoms
ne e yaaa wand Yore wren 9 eel net flee, her
fee yee teh en : Aa id lhe refer we Gu
fres ae ee aan
Gre arch erenceeee MBean
ae Besons fours rt vig
yare Yer 1 far Qs
VHS ETH fear ut st ar ardeh d fer
ie fegat QoSms StTeYHers MIS Hes Sart eed ecu test eee
ati TS St few ates S fares ares fer Quet erat ar Yat Ped Ga
aad WHET 3 wTRatt, One wStefanorae ae wipe de dare Boo fee
do datreet
oa At aot dl ge Qu fee mfrat Mas ae gat d Forus fenastae
wats ove fast out ag Reet! fer yore fee wear fenaat ot watner
ar et
arena sod Un adet o fagtie feo Qn vueret usa e fenafaae fee ni fswra
aaeet 3197 wus fenafsse & fswre any most aol wa Het |
\. 3. How is ‘Mirror’ a name for the psyche’s trauma? Discuss,
Ans. The tile of the poem ‘Mirror’ refers to the looking-glass into which the woman in the
looks at her face. This mirror gives the woman a shock when she notices that she has grown
®iold and is not young or beautiful as before. This shock is a psychic trauma for her, It gives
‘fe sudden mental shock that she has grown old, The mirror, therefore, is the source for the
Ma It is her psyche or mind, Her sense of shock at growing old is also suggested by her
Mito look into the mirror again and again. She bends continually over the mirror, She tries
“and find out the reality about her. She is oe ee
ae Or has lost her beauty for eve She that she is
thot the moon or the ss of
the still
 =
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a5 A TERT DOOe OF GENERAL ENGUISTT, | 1 ON.

<5 ~ sf the candle present h oP With ON CL
he moon oer the light 9ay , Vr / itt
See —_—_—— 4
t me Ny - qe! gh
she knows that the light oF the mente 4] shock of having actually growy Old, onl
to forge! c N ‘ il i aiid
fee
Therefore
aahle
she is unable to ™* Saoiad shock to the woman in another senge allsg, f
. ta perceor gw ft nol ali!
The mirror is 2 SO” ¢ now old. It shocks by telling her that she wij eye
Very fo?
she whoWHO wasT* YOUnE
nat che
aware that jder and uglier with the passage eat ’ I s f wit
again, and she will grow O'© the source for the trauma to Woman a itt
ict
§ Daye ao
srefore, the name OF Me qe g
The mirror is, therefore,
-
a it

& HSTTHE (FEN) ST EAT Br fey’ ai! and BF

and a8
mine d comagt
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user d for So SShT Sai) “no a

31 GH G TS A wrsfro r rer
i rata ane FD om ae
Fe eter es ora er 8
2 for eS PG na
i fea ae ct atinr &t Gre Het de A S 8 BI S Sh Stim a, att
ar Ja re t TI GT AU S ni ne St a e
zaraa Hie at Sa @as
Soret FA feo mut Hay,
fon uns ust unarac fea 3 fea at Gu mat St He omy} saa, eras
fea mus
ast amar dat 3 Ga Ge St Seat ms Mast St swat qo 3
Ysts Veh aah
watna anc & ee aes ft afan aset 3 | fea sHobat Sug fea
Ss Hast ST sat So SHE ww HaeT|
ma ot Hed Bare JT,ugg Ga Weta fa Se
sx @ mfgarn et Wether HEH! Ser Sot HAST | | fene™=
dia fea Jo adla oe SA Ga ies S woke HE uTTTS UT AUS wee) TAT
Ong fon nant Fare aaeGer a fa Gu a ae go HSS Tet Ht VS Ta T ate fene F
dint Oné fea ena rer used fa Gage ae SA vara HST SHS See
Fit as 1 IR TB Ta fares Set eS weRTS gH aaT | Few Yara A )
2 Hafefamnad ane mS AEH St ot Tat fenet HGS TI
in
Q. 4. Sum up the substance or the main ideas suggested by Sylavia Plath bet?
‘Mirror’.
Ans. The main ideas in the poem ‘Mirror’ relate to the nature of the mirror4
reflect everything as it really is. The mirror is the interlocutor or speaker in the po
it sees everything and it lets nothing drop from its gaze. In other words, no
from its gaze, The mirror says that it has a transparent surfa
reflects exactly what it sees because it has no likes or disl
anything which comes in front of iit.2 ee isI ne in
rh, wall is pink with me oni, 5
 204 K.L.S. A TEXTBOOK OF= GEN:ERAL fy CLisg Bm :

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iSSAY
TYPE - Il : ESSAY TYPE { QU ESTION ( (300) Words)

Q. Sum up the main ideas suggested by Sylavia Plath in her poem Miro,
Ans. The main ideas in the poem ‘Mirror’ relate to the nature of the Mirror and ig
reflect everything as it really is. The mirror is speaker in the poem. It says that jt Sees ay, ‘i,
it lets nite drop from its gaze. In other words, nothing can OS hidden from its gaze, he
says that it has a transparent surface as clear and shining as silver. It reflects exact] ty
because it has no likes or dislikes. It does not change or distort anything which Comes in i
there is nobody in front of it, it reflects the wall opposite it. The wall is pink with Spots |
The mirror is like God who sees everything and from whose eye nothing can be hiddenned
mirror shows a person his real face and the changes which have come
over his face gYer te |
The mirror does not flatter a person by showing him better than he or she actually is.
Thus,the
shows the wall as it is. The wall is pink and has spots on its surface. But
when it js atk, then,
does not show the wall.
The mirror shows a woman her real face. Thus a woman stands in front of the mirror aos
again. She wants to see whether she is still beautiful or not. She repeate
dly bends over the min,
searches for her beauty which she has now lost. The mirror
shows her the loss of her beaut,
woman goes and sees herself in the light of the candles or in the light
of the moon, There shei
beautiful but that is not the reality about her. But the mirror shows
her the reality, The mimorsy
her that she is no longer young. She has grown old.
Thus, the mirror also shows @ personal
difference between his subjective and objective self. It
shows the woman that she has grownt
although she may like to be still young and beautiful.
:
YAS —Sylavia Plat
St afehsr Mirror ‘3 fs Yu fear
er Are
at fst
SE Minor afer ES Me fears a @ Agu ond ae
cas ore WetUs Te |e ot aes" ye werer 3 few afer sa er Ane
Jas fort G Stout oust Se a are oot Ser | oa peer 2 fer fea aa age
S Sa (feu) sot woe Hh after & fa fener farar urawout,g gy A hee
snet]rs OIF feo Seer ot Sr § y-a-g ysi TE we Be
tites
UNE, SUNT Sot TH ay St fens HONS ot ag Ser 3 fees Ae
fomnger os or hae 8s-ars aged aS ater 3, OA gar st
fens me a at
 CULTOR =
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A & fede et a | 200
jee OT CtHogar
iy fee + © aU
Vai”
Wt Wotrar .
‘és 2fy yx ; sf OY feta A ty. , ;

ae pew Hed et unt Peringeyr nie NN Wet 0 rer apesrer fer et Oe Ht

errarara afi ato aed
€
Ly
vu
THEY ST
( ae set mlaPATSs zi MAYwr Wer ey ir ie WeBrey f Pace ?
oe at
Ht wh does the term: "Canal
: Marriage? mnoann? H
tee
y\ wall jy-wed couple HOY the scene
( rhe it be
arth, they see cultiv a lOW on the ert as they Wavel by the aerophine
ii it (he (
ated Ne Us
fil ‘hav GAR | Ka Which\ Look like patchwork and hedges whiehle
yt jjelds They see tong roads yw Q
without ay Dl ANNE OOKsyetenyTike ‘Thetapes, A The roads passing through the
\ c ye ‘
ye whe sasually wi
Al _ men casually
a spner! tlh Vy ledl System, The ¢ Asual Marriage means unplanned
ye
\
ay t0 connect the villages,
P96 ‘intel
casual Marriage ’ RWet er gt grey y

4 ih mi é ee 55 : PRS fer oreee & ane | gee Quat Ho Teel

t eR ind . W | fea @Hst fer dy-weast ade HS
Paatetarr TET At NTe Sar 3Te featstnit atta de | Quast fare fees
qey, What are the - (wotwo flights
Tights in the poem?
ys There are (wo flights in the poem, One is the flight in the space, in air, The newly
g¢ couple is flying by an aeroplane from one place to another, But there is also the flight in
¢ rey are experiencing excitement and mutual joy. This joy they will always remember and
te
ot orgel
os: af fes & Qaret faust as 7
ag Gare S UU So | fea Gare
vers feta d | fer mt fee etd? vars fers
er Gono’ Cust € Hlee ove St itefos o | wee QSfrs at dS wlan Gfeor
ho vadt Teo" USS fee Barat us ales few wet ore wifas S|
TYPE - I
SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONS (15 Lines)
Q.1. In ‘Honeymoon Flight’ climb into air and initiation into marriage are each other's
faphors. Discuss.
{ns The poem ‘Honeymoon Flight’ describes the journey of a newly-wed couple by an
plane, They are on their way to enjoy their honeymoon immediately after their marriage.
fore the flight into the air also becomes a part of their honeymoon because it fills them with
a *xcitement, Climbing into the air by means of an aeroplane, gives them the same kind of
‘Sas their marriage with each other. Thus both the flight by the aeroplane and the marriage
tle each other, Both become metaphors for each other, In other words, the experience of
“land the experience of marriage come to resemble each other, Both the experiences
produce
 212
save | “Tyee =I
ESSA y TYPE QUESTION (300 Words)
poem ‘Honeymoon Flight’,
Q. Discuss the main ideas in the citing expe rience of a newly-wed ;
es the ex
Ans. ‘Honeymoon Plight’ d escrib
roplane and are thrilled by ~
marriage Phe young husband and wife take a flight in ae
"hy
their hone ymoon.
and feel. The flight itself becomes
rth. They see the beauty Of the
Sitting in the aeroplane, the) look below on the ea
tches of yellow and green, Thete ape |
which they are now flying. The cart h looks like pa
ey look like multi-coloured Patches iga
fields, meadows and crops ready for harvest. Th
bbons which link the villages with Ow ag,
The roads on the earth look like long t apes or ri
casual manner, They also see the lakes and the oc
ean and the farm-houses. Ajj bist
them with joy and happiness.
'
Flying high above the earth, they feel as if the earth has gone upside down, The
earth appears hardly familiar from that height. They ; ng
feel they have suddenly jumpegita,
the aeroplane én.
and are now hanging in the air. But they also experience fear. Suddenly
i
lower height. The lovers look at each other in fear.
The couple’s honeymoon is also a metaphor. What the lovers feel and experience _
their experience of marriage and married life. The honeymoon is an experience notOnly ing
but also in time, What the lovers experience in the aeroplane is what they also feel in mari,
The excitement of the flight suggests the excitement of marriage.
UBS : Sf€3T Honeymoon Fligh fess fea'-eng At ye feast > am
ad |
@ad : afes™ Honeymoon Flightfea se-fend AS & feaw F anne tie
uaa & faors age 3 | SASS ust usat dest aoa fers Cars sae THE
ae Sea me tow waa mBfES T AE Ts | Cast St ufsst Garo we ANE
Guat a | dates we AST TI 3
get aaa fea 88 Ou uss SB Jot Fae Us ns Cn eshte Y
fan Quis Cae Ce a Te | Mauer s ul mS a8 Sart S arte ets
qa-ad 8s, sorarat ms Vabat erat Sue Is | a Quat g aus
ot aniterarst et agt me oe | Wen Bue Heat Gant Ga

sist, vars wa Gat Ias eo ual weteR ee

are sous He SST |
aaa Qua or Ose a8 Guten ag! nfupnaaoas
guaer fen Gus" OO ea era fsa os
 210
| er thethcouple.
y andesexcitement ; ff| ear
gs of jo into the sky, The
r f fee lin ne Y fee
and arouse simila rig ht | na |||
The flight by aer ‘oplan
m
e throws the us ,sended on the invisible air, Th eY feel on
thy
|
They feel the y are $ h,ere The, y 4 oy!
hanging in the air. In a strang
e atmosphere. This atmospSph
th em se lv es
y find
forward by the air, The earth.
ape of tl ye gether, They
from the familiar landsc eli ngs towards each other and to Ce]
same fe : dit e Ny
The y exp eri enc e the , ant ere d |
a wo rl d wh ic h jg
. l they have entered
fee in
Th ey jg ef
put them at the top of the world. fin d the or dinary world
e and
at ea ch other in lov t ben:
ordinary world. They look .
Ty

eac h oth er’ s metaphors

Thus flight and marriage become
'd T="
yHe : @fest Honeymoon Flightfe
SAO sas IS, TSE AT | ae

FIGS Ad |
fraBy St TIT
ates™ Honeymoon Flight &
fea feo Se-fennd AS & Jeet Hay
@*s¢ : afe3T" Honeymoon Flight”
e a Se,
sist far 3 | Gu wus fea F IT THE MUST TONS Hag
rge
ree aed Gore a Gast © aes oe fiir 8 WS Fa
ude ne CINET SS TRG aT SST | TEM ATH TS US fea Ose <i,
Tet d3 fas fd fot Guat reS fea
! ot unusyrustt get
wearsot e y a
fe eH ove fear
Ir or gears
CaGu fact
feta BF oe hiss wep
SSS | fer yaa veh reg nd fers & ofan ger et Ogre TSE Dig
ST aN ade Vs | UH Hae fed
cA Ft mSas
See ; o° ©eeae
eee
asee ee Re
fers nde md Camas dhut fea frdtot grearet ter age as ——
Jeet Gare Guat fea on vast FS are fee use fe |
Gu ve fey Bea ad TE | Co um wet oe eo
oe o x re tI TIS TS fer Savi

S FUT ms wa Gs
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od fers fea en yst fee fadbut greqre i
Borie : wT fo ase Is | Sa HaHa!
mfadt vote fee vena at ass Suge ame os | Oa ufsER ae as fa
tn foreaar smears fo ene
er e & a wa flee
nd iM Arav a wat t
nme Ie | fer ors Tent Gare
se ora Wagan ee :
Q. 2. Discuss the poem a
ne ae experiences, one in Space and the ot ,
Ans. The two lovers
a newly-wed ¢ . bee
the P poem m on
‘Honeyymo » ate now exprj e Oupl
Flight’. First, they Xperienc
i e, unde rgo two kinds
: : the journey in space
 KTS A TEX TROOK OF GENERAL
[208 ; aliBNGE
i ye :
¥ wae | Oa vhred et werat aah Fh
») Go sew eT ute WoT wee" | YU he a at
& were 3 :
: 0 4. Whom do the religious bigots worship in their temples?

Ans.
5 x The a. bigots
4 indulge in practices which are shameful and ere,
. Their te
MMO PTTSONS.
Pheir trumpet-call is destruction. Religion takes flight from SUCH
*
oF ' &
yas : wotve weatet rue teat fee fang yae ax <M 7 Places ogyne
Gas : Keslet fad an wae oy frost EHO
HS (omer ae ' Pane,
set as | Guat et Her feant wet O 1 Herat © THT FIT Say ya 1
Q. S. What forecast does Tagore make about the future? :
Ans. Tagore followed true religion, He was against Wha
tever lowered the dj “
forecast that all evil practices of religion will come to an
end. The edifices Of falsq may
destroyed. The light of true knowledge will light up the sad land.
in
yaa : sfeu ad ectg at sfeuaret ager 3 7
Ose: Sata St AS TaN ST rarretAt | Go oder On thr & fers at fap
ot re atet
Tet at ON
| S wie wet ast fo UM's 7 Thi,
Be oy eae
UeH @ fee sau ae fe wear | WS fora ev yoy fen Com ors ape wt
Q. 6. Explain the meaning of the line : They try to cross
the river in a bark dale

mples of religion, Theyk “

other faiths. They try to cross the river of life
in a boat having many holes. This boatis
relig the bp,
ion which practices violence and cruelty
against fellow human beings. How can such
take them across the river of life whic a li
h needs mercy and benevolence.
yao : fen Fae et mem MEE - “Ga webat gat faust fee
aes et atee age as ”|

UNIVER TY STYLE QUESTIONS

TYPE - I : SHORT-ANSWSI
ER QUESTIONS (Answers
in about
Q.1. Sum up Tagore’s views on false
religion,
_ Ans. Tagore distinguishes bet
ween true reli
 ¢ scriptures: True religion bless Nis
nr 0
om ,

hy: gs .
lse religi8ionOn brin
4
ip
ef pand _ fa , yt ; ven thog, > Who O doy
d&
slinue
i yee ractise false religion ie hing b It hatred wt believe in God
Hg’0 hoP The bioRts “and destruc
ee ay ction, It is4 the the bigots sand
an
i ghese bigots kill and are killeg 7 Fe People who "
P ofl. - Ther: AWAY Femain in a State O
pt
gf eqiths.ne SUCH
Such bigots pai ; © Digots|
DIGOts raise
insult Meir
thei own religion when they kill SOt8
omper falof God. They keep S€.a
;
blood-cra:
d Stained
go ame ¢ ’ P In their temples wh banner jy \their
I temples. : They worship
| the
ip?
he
ori They
Aha
make
ab
religion
As ‘
hateve
Ve
Tis evil and savage. They turn their
f at0 4 ChaintoQ hj
d peop le into slavery. True religion should
bin
_e, But the false religion of the bie
| r Sik
# yr!

NLOts ¢
4 {tet
FPe" qpitit OFof man.
MA While try P e “7 Changes + ligion into chains and fetters which
, {he : AS © religion
; should Unite Mankind, the
i false religion acts like a
it! syidesre MED and raises barriers among them
tO God to destro
wv
ays tC y such fa Ise reliigjgion
ees fe
, God should destroy the temples where the
fi? ae
‘1 blood. He should strj : :
. yowned in a : tike the Prison of false religion with His thunder. He should
4 we? ajigion which is guided by the light of reason

fgpa:: e519OH CoHWS CalHS e FO© Fe et Sty we

UGH feworg faster ager Sitar can arent § HSI
Jay TSS Ot SHOT tFST TE T I fea GS ot Sfaparet wet dor aaet I 1S fasr
ee ea fle ot oo Baer er oan Saat er St ger ager 3 Hi de few fene
|
az
gor Wan former ae odt seas ng sect foment feasage Shns USAT
Bp age WH VOSS Ts | Ag Ga Sa Fe To 8 TT au
ST
“Aa as | fd ASOT MSS TS MS WS AS Ta fea Agat wus ot wan et BEA
a AGat yo fA Boa me
cca ox He GU GH FEHETT @ Bat § wae woaweIfWI
SE SH SA IS SA US AA HH TA ms THT
waging U5 /QU
pein few Hares & ee Ts | Qa US Mle § FesBatweg FES TS TT
Ng wre SNS fei
Fins nd arent Svat aalta Get foe Ta Het Ta
aba er gor ib aM i Fes ae oer ae RS et ors b EEE
G fem eae! NFS SORT ager
sie cannes
Send Gant feaars dat uethut ade S|
kh e ee
4 Bln yer et at yo Sal — |
~

“{, How does Tagore point out the ne

False relicianie Gan@erueie

 wk SNTURE AND GUL ares

evils Of relig ions fanatic yo vy

V pisceoes thefanat icism ig Al we :
si ‘ te 5 ] Oiny
Mi How
e

Vid?i » 1] OW &
JO tigi
siidlin *
Lot day eF ang SANCHO rooted ont?
| \ 3 rhey live 11.8 State of sion and sel
OVAL fog Nutanity vy Relig
Me dia (
ious 4 fanation pure
i vial? ? : th sat
{ saw DOE OF TANAE Trento 1: eLEY) ee
HE TNNUL LS his WH Peli) ty et They Kill others and are killed by
7
7
KY
a
lion s * ye Aye
oes not judge the cond uer
‘
OF
:
Othep Deon N
\ ‘
When he bills a man of another religion
N the 4

words written HY Scripture SA Kanai kill

: : ‘ , Q

Hah of reason, He follows atrletly and

- we

iv
ca : “seine He s wor
fy ships the dey il : MYO RUS ay \ 1 MurderTH, He ralaes the blood atamne
worshi
in the Mune of Go s
71. yt i ‘ a =
x ies gun their temple INO prisSV
‘
S onMS
s,. | THstSteeAd id ot Practising What ia Hood an
' fit af ovp e il foble, (hey
pe aqaat is shametul and primitive in telig)
; ON, Instead of Using religion to free
rR: j
and liberate
i sey US religion to chain and enslave them, Instead of ) and bring
Tok, a S : » MNstend Of Using religion to unite
x gottets fanalics USC IL aS a SWord to div
F p (0s oe mee, Ke them. Such fanaticscig
live in a state of deception
eo all that Is essentg
Ly gactise all t Y evil and yet they think they will ac hieve salvation, They are
*, ple who thin i k that they can cross A Tiver ina
boat full of holes.
ee
ais
bes evils can be rooted out by true religion, Truly religi
ous people should spread the
Lt of love and peace. They should follow the Spirit of holy books, They should strive to unite
ist in love and to liberate people. They should end all violence and bless even the atheists,
he ae evils of false religion will disappear,

“es Wate Sze Sve Shak gare et aT wa few fara ae et ar ret FP

“agg wae ACSSTS HOUT Bet gaet ms uss Hw gfe 1 rafter olees s" FO
ga tect weet 31 Qa gars mrarunis ot rene few afde ae | Oa efron}
Ts
avg chm Ouro HIS ARS Te | fear gat at aes US ot co ST afirst ae
sted vane 88 § wae as | fea des yA Bate feeosSawr ‘3foaeower ara9) ReoF Hot
ee
| aad Ber Qa want dat fre ist meet § rect a wig on Fh
end age ager} | Ga vifeat few ag ft 8s wer di Qa dee
.
| Fadl
ime ifeai sprit fees we f8E om GHG Tenge ch Hee A Sar
tat es arat e ne vere DIO N G Bat GE me TT
a ae | qa seltg
ease e
Ts | UH
: cose war GTN G O00 GATE Te Sore ht, de fen GUS"
4

se atces ra ua et rene” feed afte Jo 1a

ay
=

a&
a

i
“
3
 ’.
s ex p! ~encch d
es se in‘ ‘EF alse Religion
the idea
Q. 44. Sum up is a hitter a satire on fanaticism or religions bj
Reli gi on ” g 1
Ans. The poem “False tg |
ligion.
fa na ti cs de st ro y the spirit of true re
bigots a nd t. They think that the Othe,
who t pink their religion alone is righ i ing to tig Teh
The bigots are people , t h e y ey ki ll
K I th e peopl
peo plee belobeng
long
‘sion
re ligi on , th
the name of their ‘ ‘ ‘ fig, |
are false. Therefore in
insult their own religion, bigot}; \
are, in turn, killed by others. In reality, such bigots
murders. He raises a blood-stained flag in his temple. He worships the devil in the Tame gf .
religion. Reli gion shou ld free man, but 4
The bigots fail to understan
d the purpose of
chai n peop le. Reli gion shou ld unit e the people. But the bigots divide them, ‘s
use religion to hatred between one religion
aan
peop le, but the bigo ts crea te
should create love among the
think they will go to heaven after tele
The bigots think they will get salvation. They
s the river in a boat which ti,
are mistaken. They are like people who think they can cros salvation.
. The bigots can never achieve
kill them
holes. Their boat is sure to sink and
in their temples. God’s thunder willy
A day will come when God will destroy the bigots
these temples which are the prisons of false religion.
URS : False Religion fest" fea ysre ats feast G Hau ae |
False Religion Sfea" azas" MS Wola Joust ES feet oar fenton digs
€3: ¢
we des Ba He UsH St SH BHT ade WS | 4
diount Ba Qa us a fee as fer fedor Guat or un ot ote 31 Ga hee wee
can aT Ts fer Bet Ga MUS TM SIMS BA WM" S Bat § wig! TH hee
SS we HE To Lae Fee fea Tout mus ua St nu Beast aoe wie
douait woe we ase seer 31 Cu Hest few wy feet $3 weer T | CadEM
fave ot un ager 5 . ‘i
Joust un & Gea S$ mye fee mse FT| van Fe S ware geet TY
fend Bat § Tou ye'Se wet ease IS | UsH Bat } fea age I us Jou yw

ytus oot Id Hore |

nano Fart Feast feat $ am ag Seat aes

 p f S A T U R ECA NO
P
D L O R—
w
ett
mst

y TYPE - U1; ESSAY Ty a

PE “ OUR a oe tmarineremnes hae
—
, ip the ideas expressed in 4 QUESTION (309
at Alse Re ora
gut “Meton’,
ame poc™ False Religion” jg
0
megqnatics ek
© On fanantic}
Y satiy
bigotry.
Naticism or religious bigotry. The
Phe
i destroy the spirit of trye are
True
or religious
ople It
i

eve those religion, seeks to liberate the pe

rel j
aft © do tl on
hody. It blesses
Ses Even who
|s
«hate anyDOw. HOt be o think there 1%
true religion spreads the megs
1
in Cl
lieve
d or th os e wh
in Go
} %

ARC OF peace
“aly
\
of
Th tes people instead
ind harmony, {uni
ar
’ . 2

ugh
;
nem
who thi
.
relio} the ot lio
religion alone ig right, ‘They thininkk that that the other religions
ait
are sople
link their
o}
noun Se
ee
aleepe
sts r .
pe OP
religions should d bebe destroyed, O x1is8t.
fl e sand ther’
se
. Only their own religiongion s should ex
re the name of their religio n, they ki
jore p10n, they kill the people belonging to other faiths and are in
bigots insult thei
F aaa by others. In reality, y such bigots insult their own religion when they kill a man bel
3)
onging
yied bY .7 eae ple. He
?
religion. A bigot kills and r murders, He raises a blood-stained flag in his tem
ter devil in the name of God.
“ps
‘ae
the pur pos e of rel igi on. Rel igi on should free man, but the bigots
me bigots fail to understand gion
gion 0 cha in peo ple . Rel igi on sho uld uni te the people. But the bigots divide them. Reli
eeii ther.
between one religion and ano
, but the bigots create hatred
gid create love among the people
sal vat ion . The y thi nk the y will go to heaven after death. But they
The bigots think they will get
the y can cro ss the riv er in a boat which is full of
who think
emistaken. They are like people never achieve salvation.
the m. The big ots can
and kill
ibs, Their boat is sure to sink r tem ple s. God will destroy the false
big ots in thei
will destroy the
Aday will come when God d wit h blo od of people. God’s thunder
cov ere
destroy the altar that is
sigion of bigotry. God will
wh ic h ar e th e pr is on s of false religion.
ilike these temples
ni e feoat a Hd fod | a n c e ore rt
—False Religion’ “3 ee ,
Fee fate | Ha " UdH |
leva 2 ae ee es jaa g

oe 6 he ean
a e e m e m a n e e P e a k e
| rs Go bine
re

Shure aaer 3 2
i a g e a s a f r o m e
_ Bh
| LBs as, fen wet Sats OF
 228 aia
—KL.S. A TEXTBOOK OF GE
With Dain :
i
groaning he mimat on the floor, She ™ isted through and through
on the
esa ong
seend, whehen she felt relieved of pain, she thanked « :
"KW
without complaining. In the
7" \
had ad bitten
pte spared her children
her éand Spi
une: Nter frat eé feeus ee at yaar HT ?
Goes wte ae hore ahr cm, 7 eo | 0 9
gatAt | ee a e e
st Oa nfs aot AP | M4
Q. 5. How did the father react to the crisis? :
Ans. The poet’s father also did
everything to relieve his Wife
of her Pain,
curse and blessing. He used all kinds of herbs, and mixtures to cure the bite. Final
ty
little paraffin upon the bitten toe and put a match to it to burn out the
Poison, “Men
una : fer fae yst fust et at deeb At ?
ss: fust ot ofamrat fast os aset Sar wat wt | Wrabott rag
Sos age Grats wae der ag ad no | fust saqeret Oe tay
Cnt PSebyt ease ot afm atst | na 3 fenirer fevtar ast atest erg
a
Saw S ftct & Se wie oS nfat ar fest | si
Q. 6. Was he ignorant like the peasants?
Ans. The poet’s father was not ignorant like the
peasants. A] though he tried eve cag,
blessing, he believed that only some medi
cine would cure his wif €. Ther
efore, he tried bey,
mixtures. Finally, he thought of burning
out the poison. So he put a little paraffin
and put a match to it.
on the bi

UNIVERSITY STYLE QUESTIONS

TYP- E
I: SHORT-ANSWER QUES
:
TIONS (Answers in about 151i
Q. 1. ‘Night of the Scorpi
on’ shows a society that
Discuss.
is still full of ignorance

Ans. The society in ‘Night of the Scorpion’ consists

the poet’s father, the poet’s mot of the poet’s
her and the villagers and peas .
the porl mother who has been bitten by a scorpion, Ail ese Hay
that brings Out the ethos and beliefs of the Indians. Their rea
characterized by ignorance and Superstitions, and is mostly un
 ALS. OF
ATRCPROO R GEN
ree
; +s

euihhank, Te cS Hat USS 4 CONN Hog a

SRE ALE SANE avd ahd fo Ee
HS HORII. Hk tute . dee Ste
BART ROORARAIOS AY EXPHESS aint CONVEY
RAP WAR Vet Ras a POSTE QUATHLY OF TES OWR
E, dipeee Natty |
The eohaieee da “N@AT OF The NOOEPHION ES SUP
right de the KAY SOaGOR, a SOOKPFOR stu His MOtER, Te ha Hoon tis
qoogoR, Hodawse of Hhe steady Hain, entered the house and sovighe

i
sack ofiae, Then & stang fhe wore and fell ts poison ia her baty, Teen )
Tala.
by ss
The poet ackiy dterest to the sinuple narrative method
aviteardes towarns the soorpion.
The peasants and villagers
victim thdak that the scorpion isan Who Come
evil spirit, They think ity etfeor
bein
mame of God, Others tiak dhe dite of the
scorpion is Punishinens tor. a
Darth, Stl others think gat the evil deeds wil
l be balanced bY good “
refieved of suffering, [a this way, the poe
t addy a dramatic touch to ea
TRE VYR B also shale, The poet uses pr
‘paras’, “the evil! are direct oper words toEXPLEGY Me natl
, simple and expressive,
~~
WES: Nigof
htthe Scorpion aiest fe Swah
GSTs e we dey |
Night of the Scorpion St Seater fee yoge
fee ee tes sen
3 isme
SH
sgt
ia
 FURE AND CULTURK
inn
aS Te ree
Te,

eo 229
; wee en fei
i yt ve
yb
y :
‘ nn
| rs
supe litious
8. Instead of using any medicine to relieve the paln
snorant
. pT and
x
gare 8
we
‘ sn yf peuce the effect of the Poison. nH, the
4 hart the
Re an! eared james. They think that by doing\ soOnly1
Pray to God. The peasants (
eet of
hey will be able to destroy the ¢ {fe
0 putt * 80 Aw voi a e

r ae? jit IBROTANCE, they believe that th

| Ss
‘
wi*
' il ie
to feel pain as loM® .
yh ot ll

vs and moving about. They !

think Woman will contsinue ve
Mak that the scorpion’ mo ments made the
Faw ig allVE
aio wy *
. plood of . the Woman, :

F ent n

gh aaselgs thin hat the suffering: of the Woman is8 du due to the sins
roe” ink j , ;
2 ' committed by her in1! the
ASS afieve that her sufferi j mee
*"" The pelieve FU
et life. r suffering will be cured by\ the effect
effect of of herher good 4 dedeeds in the
n ihe ne

. os OM ars of the household are [he

i and i blessi are Not entirely modern or scientific in their attitude.
otne momnde
F at. es
curses an blessings
WS to satisfy TO satisfy the evil powers to seek their help. But he acts
a ’ fl we
sly when he uses paratfin ey » Cee
to burn the poison
©

anal!
¥ <

eve, the Indian society i :

ey and large the : ¥ IS Seen to be ignorant and superstitious.
Might of the Scorpion ™fad AAT } var Get F Ft ont et afarnss™
Po—

) gat oS SYS TF | aT aes |

can of the Scorpion BtSST TIS HT S yoy uot 3 | fea fer ae
Fact fa ST OH mifaroros wes wre fener ore afar dfer S| wet
eg OEE UO" S TT Cate S| wet eats fem era ferg Sar ws fer
Cake WS TASS AGS TS | Us UE a mferrat as HafeweAt Is | SF
“ceo yao ade ot are, Ou figs ae vidt wager age as | GTA A STS
Ugh | STATE Ts fo mito asa Gu Sahat nash S ysTS Et STH AS
© xuchuferrost fee Gd fea fenen ave us fa fas owe ove CH feHst
afag St TST |
eeere
ise as fa Gn fengt ¢ ane Gat ut aac us frus EHS fles HOH gsatst
ogter fener 3 fx Gre oe woe One fen For At Ts HoH S Vat HTS
aseead Wed |
doug d ites Stee feers ‘v ust sgt nafea at fefemraa adt as | fust

ee @u aus ras wet fict o Se or utiat ager d St Gu ay fewants scle

nee 3 | fer yors atest MTA a So S wifarrrot mis vrafSSTAt Sf
Fal
\\2. Discuss the technique and style of ‘Night of the Scorpion’.
e Nissim Ezekiel is an Indian poet who writes his poems in English. Most often he draws
“Sket-matter of his poems from Indian life and culture and, therefore, his technique and
 :
V
W/i ofs” a an
ma n by cha nti ng the name of
TI © thewantwo
it, They believed Whe"
i
. the scorpion » Lhey
e
sea rch ing for Y Wan ted to kill
Besitaaye yent about
a y
the poi son in the wo
/fe )po" 4 somewhere, er in g
man’s blood also moved and caused pal”:
‘
man’s suff ent suffering
if

gh
ou © t th at th e w o wou
du
2
ce he r si
,
ng , Or th e pr es
ee
ld re
ceorings that she wo uld have to undergo in th
| io ofS t h

Hyg?
vi _ euffering said that
the next life. The villagers
a gue” scorpion would purify
iO ane §
i her flesh
of all desires and all all ambitions.
ambi
i
fyr o th thet was a rationalist. He used all kinds of
of powders and herbs to cure the wound.
little paraffin 2 n the wound and put a match to it.it.” T he poet
‘pm
a! : 4 not a£9 he poured a
dit
aif
nty hours, the pain di ed
ie ing the place of the wound. After twe
sco rpi on had bit ten by her ici ty of her,
the
‘ mt mother thanked God that
feyr frou az |
& sight of The Scorpion @feat er
en rast mA
f° Sag of The §SOteOTomgee
t | lat On aa $ mune wre ager ge fea
“ae
: (eg ae vif | em rte Seno Seta ot | Fig wa "STE
es ae cht § ef
edt 08 dr & ere oh
on Ft v Tg ee s gt o e a n eS TET ST
gf e ue | Gu fe ng wo ot TI E FO |
g § Ba e fo am
é vem atat | as Gu fa UBar Ft OH fenadt S yo ‘v afas xt 8a S
ieee feng (aS
ee ae ert ere Qe sate §
pe 3 fo fe fag ea
a fener
ar

a ee
CeS
(300 Words)
ESSAY TYPE QUESTION
pion’.
al su mm ar y of the po em ‘Night of the Scor
| Write a critic men of a
a ho us e- ho ld incident. The wo
Scorpi on’ is ba se d on
E The poem ‘Night of the f the fa mi ly ar e di st ur bed when they find the
s 0
“st ung by a scorpion. All the member ; rs because it is a rainy night.
Ruin nai arrive wit h lant e
People from the neighbourhood the ethos
Pain.
Yate yi cultura reflex es. As they do so,
"They react to the ineident with theirthe
"*ilagers.
MW Snapcasy: to surface.
ght
oe of the Indian life are brou t wh en a poisonous scorpion stung his mo
ther.
rl y re me mb er s the ni gh
‘ tsays that he clea
led under a sack
into the h ouse and craw
a
N raj :
ng for ten hou rs. Th e scorpion had come
ini