“Heaven’s Light is Our Guide”

Department Of Mechatronics Engineering

Course No:-MTE 3256 Group:- 02

Course Name:- Machine Dynamics & Class:-3rd Year even seme
vibrations sessional

Date of Experiment:-17.07.22 Session:- 2017-18

Date of submission:-31.07.22 Roll:- 1708043-1708053
No of experiment:-02

Name of experiment:- Frequency with Variable Mass and

Spring Rate.

Objective:-
1. To gather knowledge about free vibration.

2. To determine the free vibration of a mass spring system.

3. To measure the free vibration.

Theory:-
The term free vibration is used to indicate that there is no external force causing the motion,
and that the motion is primarily the result of initial conditions, such as an initial displacement of
the mass element of the system from an equilibrium position and/or an initial velocity. The free
vibration is said to be undamped free vibration if there is no loss of energy throughout the
motion of the system. This is the case of the simplest vibratory system, which consists of an
inertia element and an elastic member which produces a restoring force which tends to restore
the inertia element to its equilibrium position. Dissipation of energy may be caused by friction
or if the system contains elements such as dampers which remove energy from the system.

Introductions:-
How to conduct experiments using the Mass-spring System is explained in this experiment
(TM164). The experiment makes advantage of the vertical motion of a mass hanging by an
oscillating spring (move up and down repetitively). During the experiment, we'll learn important
scientific vocabulary words like as:

1. Simple harmonic motion (SHM) and oscillation frequency.

2. Hooke's Law and the spring constant.

3. Damping oscillations (with optional TM164a Damper kit).

4. Between displacement and its derivatives, there is a phase difference.

 Figure 2.1: Free Vibrations of a Mass-spring System (TM164) Shown Fitted for the Free

Vibrations Test Frame (TM160)

Two vertical guide rods and a non-contact displacement sensor are kept in position by a rear
panel. A platform with a balanced mass is suspended by a spring and is free to rise and fall
within the guide rods. The guide rods fit loosely to decrease friction. Two distinct springs are
included in TecQuipment, and extra masses to fit onto the platform for system combination
testing. The mass value of the platform was precisely measured during production and is shown
on a label on the front of the platform. In the static experiment, we measured spring extension
as a function of increasing mass using a scale on the rear panel and a cursor on the platform.
The displacement sensor monitors the platform's vertical movement during dynamic trials. The
sensor detects the movement of a metal ’activator’ that passes each side of the sensor. The
sensor induces a small magnetic field in the activator. The field strength is roughly proportional
to the distance between the ends of the sensor and the activator and, therefore, the
displacement of the platform. Using this method means no physical contact between the
sensor and the platform. The experiments will show us why this is important. A vertical runner
holds the displacement sensor to allow us to adjust it to the correct position before each
experiment.

Figure 2.2: Free Vibrations of a Mass-spring System (TM164) Shown Fined Io the Free

Vibrations Test Frame

The platform has an acceleration sensor (also known as an accelerometer) incorporated into it
that tracks acceleration when the platform rises and falls. When any activator component is
included inside the dotted lines, the sensor produces accurate and linear data. The sensor will
still function even if the activator completely leaves the dotted lines, but it won't be able to
provide linear or precise data. On the back of the back panel, amplifier circuits are connected to
both sensors. For real-time display of the displacement and acceleration, the amplifier circuits
are connected to the VDAS MkII interface device from TecQuipment. Controls and LEDs on the
rear panel provide a straightforward indicator of the size and direction of displacement and
allow the student to change the sensors' zero reference prior to each exam.
 Figure 2.3: Sensor Range

Simple Harmonic Motion (Dynamic Experiment):

Aims:

1. To demonstrate that the displacement complies with simple harmonic motion.

2. To depict the motion using velocity, acceleration, and the difference between their phases.

3. To compare the calculated acceleration value to the measured acceleration value

4. To demonstrate how to use VDAS for measurements

 Figure 2.4: Top of the Activator Level with the Bottom Dotted

Procedure:

1. The lengthy spring was installed.

2. To get a platform mass of around J kg, 2 x 200 g masses were added.

3. The sensor's location along the rail was modified such that the activator is in the middle of
the dotted lines on the clear cover.

4. Using VDAS, the 'Dynamic Experiments' option was chosen to display the Analogue Trace
Window in oscilloscope fashion, and the 'initiate communications with device' button was
pressed. The platform was gently pushed down and then let go, causing it to oscillate. We
watched the pulsating traces on the screen and waited for the platform to halt. The traces need
to balance out. The TM164 was controlled by the SET ZERO to center the trace outputs.

5. The button labeled "end communications with device" was pushed.

6. The VDAS software began a new data series.

7. Values for the spring constant (from experiment 1), the spring length, and the total weight
(platform and additional mass). The computer program determined the natural frequency in
theory.

8. The button labeled "initiate communications with device" was pressed. Pushing the platform
gradually until the top of the activator matched the bottom dotted line on the diagram. Then
cover, after which the platform was let go.
9. After a brief period of stabilization, we observed uniform traces of displacement and
acceleration; the amplitude would gradually decrease as the system's energy was lost to
friction; the button to "terminate communications with device" was pressed when the
amplitude dropped to about a third of its initial value.

10. The cursors were used to measure the period (and thus frequency) of one complete cycle
using the peels or zero crossing points of the displacement waveform, and this "measured"
frequency was calculated. The scroll bar at the bottom of the trace window was used to
"rewind" to the beginning of the traces. Figure displays a typical VDAS trace of the recorded
acceleration and displacement using slightly varying trace parameters.

11. 'Fast forwarding' with the scroll bar until the end of the trace, where the amplitude the
observed frequency was compared to the frequency at the beginning of the trace using with
greater amplitude.

12. Rewind to the beginning of the traces. The first (velocity) and second (position). There were
also derivatives (acceleration). The divisions per unit of each trace on a top-notch. Adjustments
were made in contrast to the others, and required filtering was used to smooth both traces.

Table 01:
Recommended VDAS Settings:

Channel 1 Channel 2 Time-base

Displacement Acceleration
5 mm 1 m/s2 100 ms

Data:

Table 02: Data collection for the dynamic harmonic motion experiment:
Graph:

3.5

2.5
theoritical
2
measured

1.5

0.5

0
0.6 0.8 1 1.2

Fig2.5: Graph of total mass vs frequency

Discussion:
Using TM164, this experiment demonstrated how to assess the mass-spring system. The
experiment makes use of a mass hanging from a spring oscillating vertically. simple harmonic
motion (SHM) and oscillation damping (with the help of the spring constant and Hooke's law),
oscillation frequency, and Some of the crucial scientific words that we would learn as a result of
this include phase difference between displacement and its derivatives, optional TM164a
Damper kit), and phase difference between displacement experiment. The static experiment's
objective was to illustrate the linear nature of he displacement sensor without touch. However,
a straightforward harmonic motion test was used to show the motion and how displacement
obeyed basic harmonic motion in terms of the phase difference between velocity, acceleration,
and those three.

Conclusion:
All of the aims were achieved. Here, VDAS software provided an excellent tool for
understanding a mass-spring system's free vibration. With the aid of this experiment, the
operation of springs with shifting masses was well understood. The graphs illustrated how the
spring behaved under static and dynamic conditions with different masses. But VDAS software
was essential for configuring the TM164. Otherwise, it wouldn't provide the desired outcome.