PHILIPPINE COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Old Nalsian Road, Nalsian, Calasiao, Pangasinan, Philippines 2418

Tel. No. (075)522-8032/Fax No. (075)523-0894/Website: www.philcst.edu.ph
ISO 9001:2015 CERTIFIED, Member: Philippine Association of Colleges and Universities (PACU),
Philippine Association of Maritime Institutions (PAMI)

CHAPTER V

SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Present an introductory paragraph.

Summary
Wrap-up/summarize the study’s argument by:
a. Writing a brief recapitulation of Chapters 1 and 2 by restating objectives, specific
problems of the study and methodology; and
b. Including a brief statement on the locale and participants as well as the statistical tools
used.
Results
Present the salient findings/results based on the formulated specific problems; no need to
mention numerical figures (e.g. weighted means)

Conclusions
a. State generalizations based on the findings
b. Observe “one problem: one finding: one conclusion.” Match each conclusion
with the finding(s), and each finding with the problem.
c. Flexibility, however, may be considered in making conclusions; it is not a must to state
conclusions on a one-to-one correspondence with the specific problems and the findings as
some or all variables can be subsumed in one paragraph.

Recommendations
a. State doable, feasible, and adaptable recommendations; based on the findings and
conclusions.
b. Recommendations which are intended to motivate the management of the researcher’s
subject/institution to improve the present system and condition are called policy
recommendations; whereas, the so called research recommendations are those aimed at
replicating the thesis for the use and benefit of others in the future.
c. Point out direction/s for future investigation.

CHARACTERISTICS OF SUMMARY OF FINDINGS

1. There should be a brief statement about the main purpose of the study, the population or
respondents, the period of the study, method of research used, the research.
2. The findings may be lumped up all together but clarity demands that each specific
question under the statement of the problem must be written first to followed by the
findings that would answer.
 PHILIPPINE COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Old Nalsian Road, Nalsian, Calasiao, Pangasinan, Philippines 2418
Tel. No. (075)522-8032/Fax No. (075)523-0894/Website: www.philcst.edu.ph
ISO 9001:2015 CERTIFIED, Member: Philippine Association of Colleges and Universities (PACU),
Philippine Association of Maritime Institutions (PAMI)

3. The findings should be textual generalizations, that is, a summary of the important data
consisting of text and numbers. Every statement of fact should consist of words, numbers,
or statistical measures woven.

CHARACTERISTICS OF CONCLUSIONS

1. Conclusions are inferences, deductions, abstractions, implication s, interpretations,

general statements, and/or generalizations based upon the findings.
2. Conclusions should appropriately answer the specific questions raised at the beginning of
the investigation in the order they are given under the statement of the problem.
3. Conclusions should point out what were factually learned from the inquiry.
4. Conclusions should be formulated concisely, that is, brief and short, yet they convey all
the necessary information.

SOME DANGERS TO AVOID IN DRAWING UP CONCLUSIONS BASED ON

QUANTITATIVE DATA

1. Bias
2. Incorrect generalization
3. Incorrect deduction
4. Incorrect comparison
5. Abuse of correlation data
6. Limited information furnished by any one ratio
7. Misleading

GUIDELINES IN WRITING THE RECOMMENDATION

1. It should have the aim and effort to solve problems in the study.
2. It should ensure a continuous benefit being accorded to the universe – mankind involved.