.."*'.

'"

BASIC FORMULAE

ALGEBRA
Binomial series

1 (1+x) = n (n-1)?
1+x +"
if lx<1
2!
2.
(2!) 2 - . if x<1
(1-x)" =
1 -1
3. if x<11
(1+) 1 - + "2!) 2 .
4.
(1-x)n=1++"n*),2+.... if x <1
2!
5.(1-x) =1+x + + r +... if x <1
(1-) = 1+2r+3+ 4 +. if z<1
(1-)3 (1.2 +23r +3.4 +.)
= if x<1
8. if x| <1
1-x)= 1.2.3 +2.3.4x +3.4.5x+.]
9.(1+x) = 1-x+ -x + if x <1
10.
(1 +x) =
1 -

2x +3 -

4x'+. if x <1
11.
=
|1.2-2.3x +3.4x..] if x<1
12. 1
4(1 +x) =

.2 [1.2.3 - 2.3.4x + 3.4.5 x+. if xl < 11

13. Sum to infinity of the geometric series
a if x| < 1
a+ar + ar +...
1 -r
If a = 1, the 1+r+/+. = 1
1 -r
If a, ar, a,... ar are in G.P., then the sum to

termsS = 2 - ) rl

1-r
Ao1nula7e

ANALYTICAL GEOMETRY
Perpendicular istance from the point
Fl

ax +
(,y,z) to the
plane
ar
+ by + Cz + d = 0 is by, t cz, +
d

Dircction
ralios of the
of normal t0 the
b, c thc coctficicnts of
planc ax +
by + Cz + d
=0
a, x,y,z in the
straight line passing throughcquation.
arc

Equalion of a
the point
(Y,. Z)
d having direction ratios ,m,n is _z-z
m n
Section formula: Coordinates of a point dividing the line
the points Fpy121) and (2y2 2) in the ratio m:n
joining

mx +x 1 my,tny
internally are
m+n m+n

mx,- nx my ny|
and externally are
m -n 'm -n

and
5 Coordinates of the mid point of the line joining (x, Y1, Z1)

2 2 2)
are
2 2 2
a.b
6. Projection of a on b is -

Lb bi+ baj + b,k

a,i+a,j + ai,
=

If a =

24bta,b,tab
of a andb is
then the projection
b +b+b
t a, b,
t a3b3
a b
is
And projection of b on a
Vas t as +a
and
the poinls P"pyp21)
1. Direction ratios of the line joining

2 , 2) are x X. y2 -y1 2 1
-
F12 Engineening Mathematice

The dircction cosincs of PQ arc

y2Y1 22
PO PQ PQ
where P =
V -x+ 02 -X) +
(2-z,)
a.b
S. If e is the angle betwcen a and b then cos 6
a.lb|
If the direction ratios of a are a, a2, "3
and the direction ratios of b are bi,b2, b3 then

a b t a b, +a,3
cos 6=

9. If ,m,n the direction cosines of line, then

are a + m +n^=1
***

Differential Calculus
fx) f') fe) f' )
1.
9 COsec xx - Cosecx cotx

2. 10.
e Sec x sec x tan x
3.
logX 11. Cot x
-cosecx

4. 1 12.
2 Vx
sinx 1

V1 -
5. 13.
log.a cotx
V1-
6. Sin x COS X 14.
tanr 1
1+
7. COS X -Sin x 15.

8. tan x 16.
secx 1
Fomulae To Remember

F13
Integral calculus|
1f9 Sf) dr
fr) SS) d
+1
10.
1. if n . -1
n+1 Sin1
-2
logeX 11. 1
tan1
a+?
e 12.
3. e
log x+a

sinx -COS X 13. 1 a+X

2a

| 5.cosSx Sinx 14.

logr+V2+a?
+
log secx 15.
6. tan x
1 log(r+V-a?
-
7. cosec x-log(cosecx 16. f"1f')
n +1if
+cotx)
n -1

8. sec x |log (secx+tan x) 17 ) logf )

f)

9. cotx log sin x

2
18. V- d +sin1
2

19. - d = 2
- l (+v-4)
20. V+a d - 2
+log (x+V+#)
2
 F14 Enginering Mathematics
21. S f )dr = 2 ft)dx if f ) is even function of x
a 0

22. S sa) dr = 0 if f ) is odd function of X

23. f ) dr =
Sf d
b

2a a
24. Sfa)
0
dt =
2 S fx) de if f (2a -) =
f)
0

2a
25. S f) de =
0 if f (2a-x) =-f)
0

26. Bernoulli's formula

Juvdr uv-u V2 +V2u3

where u du d'u
a 2

vdv, v2 =Jv, dv, V3 = JV2 dv, .

ex
27. e cos bx dr = a 4 2 a cos bx + b sin bx]

28. eax sin bx dr = 2 2 S i nbx - b cos bx]

n/2 t/2
29. cos" x dr =
J sin"x dr n1-3
0 0 n
if n is odd and 23

if n is even
n/2 T/2
If n =
2, J cosx dr= S sin?x dr
0 0
Fomulae To Remember F15

Trigonometry
sin (-6) = sin 6, cos (-6) = cos 0, tan (-6) = - tan 6

cos n a = (-1)" if n = 1, 2, 3, .
cos n t = -1 1t n is odd and cos n t = +1 if n is even.

sin n a = 0 for all n.

1
sin =(-1) forn =
1, 3, 5, .

sin 0 if n is even.

cos+ sin 0 = 1, sin 26 = 2 sin 6 cos 6

cos 20 = cos0 - sin^0

cos 26 =
2 cos0 -

1 =
1-2sin0,
tcos 20 sine= cos 26
cos =

2
2 tan 6 tan
sin 2 6 =
ton2 cos2 = 1+ tan0
14
1+ tan
2 tan 6
tan 26
1 tan e
= 3 sin 6 - 4 sin 6 , cos 36 = 4 cos6- 3 cos 6
sin 36
sin (A + B) + sin (A B)
A cos B
=

2 sin
cos (A +B) + cos (A -

B)
2 cos A cos B
=

= cos (A-B)- cos (A + B)

2 sin A sinB
Euler's formulae :
cos6 --ii sin6
= cos &
isin 6, e =
coscos 6
+
e e"-i0
ei+id 2isin=
2 2 cos=
Hyperbolic function:

sinh=
cosh 6.
2