01-1. Matrix (Page 25-45)

ASPECT MATH cÖ_g cÎ  g¨vwUª· I wbY©vqK (1g Ask: g¨vwUª·) 25
 ASPECT SERIES  ASPECT SERIES  ASPECT SERIES  ASPECT SERIES  ASPECT SERIES  ASPECT SERIES  ASPECT SERIES  ASPECT SERIES  ASPECT SERIES 
ASPECT SERIES 
π   g¨vwUª· I wbY©vqK cÖ_g cÎ 

 [MATRIX & DETERMINATION] 1g


Aa¨vq
1g Ask: g¨vwU·
ª [MATRIX]
SURVEY TABLE  Kx coe?  †Kb coe?  †Kv_v n‡Z coe?  KZUzKz coe? 
VVI For
MAGNETIC DECISION [hv co‡e] MAKING DECISION [†h Kvi‡Y co‡e]
TOPICS This Year
DU JnU JU RU OU S&T Engr. HSC Written MCQ
CONCEPT-01 g¨vwUª‡·i cÖKvi‡f`, gvÎv/ µg I gvb wbY©q msµvšÍ 10% 5% 20% 30% 40% 10% 30% 60% - ***
CONCEPT-02 Properties of Matrics 30% 50% 40% 30% 20% 6% 20% 25% * **
CONCEPT-03 g¨vwUª‡·i †hvM, we‡qvM, ¸Y I mgZv 25% 30% 60% 40% 30% 25% 20% 15% ** **
CONCEPT-04 e¨wZµgx g¨vwUª· [Singular] 90% 10% 30% 60% 10% 5% 20% 30% *** ***
CONCEPT-05 AbyeÜx g¨vwU· Ges wecixZ g¨vwUª· [Adjoint] 40% 6% 20% 25% 30% 50% 40% 30% *** ***
DU. = Dhaka University, JnU. = Jagannath University, JU. = Jahangirnagar University, RU. = Rajshahi University,
OU = Others University, S&T = Science & Technology, Engr. = Engineering.
 g¨vwUª·: msL¨v ev exRMwYZxq ivwki AvqvZvKvi mvRv‡bv eë¯’vB n‡jv g¨vwUª·| g¨vwUª·‡K mvavibZ [ ] ev ( ) ev   Øviv cÖKvk Kiv nq|
a b c a b c
A = p q r ev p q r ev
x y z x y z
 g¨vwUª‡·i gvÎv/ µg (size/Dimension) = g¨vwUª‡·i gvÎv/ µg mvwi  Kjvg AvKv‡i †jLv nq|
Ex: (i) 4 5 6 2wU mvwi, 3wU Kjvg  gvÎv n‡jv 2  3 (ii) 1 4 gvÎv = 2  2
1 2 3 2 3
1 2 3
(iii) 4 5 6 gvÎv = 3  3 (iv) [1 2 3] gvÎv = 1  3
7 8 9
 g¨vwUª‡·i †Kvb gvb †bB| Z‡e eM© g¨vwUª·‡K wbY©vqK AvKv‡i cÖKvk K‡i †mB wbY©vq‡Ki gvb wbY©q Kiv hvq| †hgb-
A = ac b[ ] d eM© g¨vwUª‡·i wbY©vq‡Ki gvb A = Det(A) = ad – bc
CONCEPT 01  g¨vwUª‡·i cÖKvi‡f` [Classification of Matrix]; gvÎv/ µg I gvb wbY©q msµvšÍ

 Different Types of Matrix:
01. mvwi g¨vwUª· (Row Matrix): †h g¨vwUª‡·i GKwU gvÎ mvwi _v‡K| †hgb- A = [a b c] hvi GKwU gvÎ mvwi i‡q‡Q| mvwi g¨vwUª‡·i mvaviY gvÎv = 1  n
a 
02. Kjvg g¨vwUª· (Column Matrix): †h g¨vwUª‡·i GKwU Kjvg _v‡K| †hgb-  b  hvi GKwU gvÎ Kjvg i‡q‡Q| Kjvg g¨vwUª‡·i mvaviY gvÎv = n  1
c
03. eM© g¨vwUª· (Square Matrix): hLb mvwi msL¨v = Kjvg msL¨v| A_©vr [Ai j]mn g¨vwUª·wU eM© g¨vwUª· n‡j m = n n‡e|
 a11 a12 
†hgb-   GKwU 2  2 µ‡gi ev 2 µ‡gi eM© g¨vwUª·
a21 a22
04. AvqZ g¨vwUª· (Rectangular Matrix): mvwii msL¨v Kjvg msL¨vi mgvb bv n‡j AvqZvKvi g¨vwUª· nq| A_©vr [Ai j]mn AvqZ g¨vwUª· n‡j m  n n‡e|
1 2
Ex: (i) 4 5 6 , gvÎv = 2  3 ; mvwii msL¨v (2)  Kjvg msL¨v (3)|
1 2 3
(ii) 4 5, mvwi = 3wU, Kjvg = 2wU, mvwi  Kjvg|
6 7
05. g~L¨ ev cÖavb KY© (Principal or main Matrix): [Ai j]nn µ‡gi eM© g¨vwUª· n‡j `ywU KY© cvIqv hv‡e| g¨vwUª‡·i cÖ_g mvwi I cÖ_g Kjv‡g †h Dcv`vb
_v‡K Zv‡K wb‡q †h KY© MwVZ nq ZvB g~L¨ KY© Ges Aci KY©wU †MŠY KY©| †hgbÑ
a11 b12 c13  †MŠY KY©
 x21 y22 z23 
 p31 p32 r33  g~L¨ KY©
Note: (1) g~L¨ K‡Y©i Dcv`vb ¸‡jvi †hvMdj‡K ‡Uªm (a + y + r) e‡j| (2) g~L¨ K‡Y©i Dcv`vb ¸‡jvi ¸Ydj‡K g~L¨c` (ayr) e‡j|
(3) †MŠY K‡Y©i Dcv`vb ¸‡jvi ¸Ydj‡K (pyc) †MŠYc` e‡j|
26 An Exclusive Parallel Text Book Of Mathematics ASPECT MATH
06. DaŸ© wÎfzRvKvi g¨vwUª· (Upper Triangular Matrix): †Kvb eM© g¨vwUª· A = [Ai j]nn Gi cÖavb K‡Y©i wb¤œ¯’ Dcv`vb ¸‡jv 0 n‡j,
5 2 1 
(A_©vr Ai j = 0 hLb i > j) Zv‡K DaŸ© wÎfzRvKvi g¨vwUª· e‡j| †hgbÑ U = 0 4 –3
0 0 8
07. wb¤œ wÎfzRvKvi g¨vwUª· (Lower Traingular Matrix): †Kvb eM© g¨vwUª· A = [Ai j]nn Gi cÖavb K‡Y©i Dc‡ii Dcv`vb¸‡jv 0 n‡j
2 0 0 
(A_©vr Ai j = 0 hLb i < j) Zv‡K wb¤œ wÎfzRvKvi g¨vwUª· e‡j| †hgbÑ L =  6 5 0 
7 9 12
08. KY© g¨vwUª· (Diagonal Matrix): †Kvb eM© g¨vwUª· [Ai j]nn †K n µ‡gi KY© g¨vwUª· ejv n‡e hw` [Ai j = 0 hLb i  j A_©vr cÖavb K‡Y©i Dcv`vb e¨ZxZ
1 0 0
mKj Dcv`vb Ô0Õ n‡e| †hgbÑ A =  0 2 0
0 0 3
a 0 0
09. †¯‹jvi g¨vwUª· (Scalar Matrix): †h KY© g¨vwUª‡·i Ak~b¨ Dcv`vb ¸‡jv mgvb| †hgbÑ A =  0 a 0  †¯‹jvi g¨vwUª· A Gi wbY©vq‡Ki gvb = a3
0 0 a
10. GKK ev A‡f`K g¨vwUª· (Unit or Identity Matrix): †Kvb eM© g¨vwUª· [Ai j]nn †K n µ‡gi GKK g¨vwUª· ejv n‡e hw` Ai j = 0 hLb i  j Ges Ai j = 1
1 0  1 0 0 
hLb i = j nq| I Øviv cÖKvk Kiv nq| eM©/KY©/‡¯‹jvi n‡e| †hgbÑ I2 =   ; I3 =  0 1 0 
0 1 0 0 1
11. k~b¨ g¨vwUª· (Zero or Null Matrix): †h g¨vwUª‡·i mKj Dcv`vb k~b¨| †hgb- A = 
0 0
0 0
12. mgNvwZ g¨vwUª· (Idempotent Matrix): eM©vKvi †Kvb g¨vwUª· A †K mgNvwZ g¨vwUª· ejv n‡e hLb A = A n‡e| †hgb: A = 
2 2 1 
n‡j
–2 –1
A2 = A.A = 
2 1  2 1  2 1
= =A
–2 –1 –2 –1 –2 –1
n
13. k~b¨NvwZ g¨vwUª· (Nilpotant Matrix): GKwU eM© g¨vwUª· A †K k~b¨NvwZ g¨vwUª· ejv n‡e| hw` A = 0 nq †hLv‡b n  N †hgb:
2 –2 
A= GLv‡b A = 
2 0 0
=0
 2 –2  0 0
14. A‡f`NvwZ g¨vwUª· (Involuntary Matrix): GKwU eM© g¨vwUª· A †K A‡f`NvwZ g¨vwUª· ejv n‡e hw` A = I nq| †hgb- A = 
2 2 3 
–1 –2
GLv‡b A =  =I
2 1 0
0 1
15. UªvÝ‡cvR g¨vwUª· (Transpose Matrix): mvwi Ges Kjvg hLb ¯’vb wewbgq K‡i| †hgbÑ
a b c  T a x p 
A =  x y z  Gi UªvÝ‡cvR g¨vwUª· A ev A =  b y q 
 p q r c z r
T
16. cÖwZmg g¨vwUª· (Symmetric Matrix): GKwU eM© g¨vwUª· A ‡K cÖwZmg g¨vwUª· ejv n‡e hw` A = A nq A_©vr Ai j = Aj i nq| †hgbÑ
 2 0 –1  T  2 0 –1 
A =  0 3 4  n‡j A =  0 3 4  n‡e ; A n‡e cÖwZmg g¨vwUª·|
–1 4 5 –1 4 5
T
17. wecÖwZmg g¨vwUª· (Skew – Symmetric Matrix): GKwU eM© g¨vwUª· A = [Ai j]nn †K wecÖwZmg g¨vwUª· ejv n‡e hw` A = – A nq
 0 1 –4  T 0 1 4  0 1 –4 
A_©vr Ai j = – Aj i nq| ‡hgbÑ A = –1 0 3 n‡j A = 1 0  3 = – –1 0 3 = – A
 4 –3 0   4 3 0  4 –3 0 
T
Note: wecÖwZmg g¨vwUª· n‡j A = –A n‡e Ges cÖavb K‡Y©i Dcv`vb k~b¨ n‡e (A_©vr Ai j = 0 hLb i = j)
T T 1 1 1 
18. j¤^ g¨vwUª· (Orthogonal Matrix): GKwU eM© g¨vwUª· A j¤^ g¨vwUª· ejv n‡e hw` AA = A A = I nq| †hgb A = GKwU j¤^ g¨vwUª·
2 1 –1
i 2 3
19. RwUj g¨vwUª· (Complex Matrix): RwUj Dcv`vb wewkó g¨vwUª·‡K RwUj g¨vwUª· e‡j| †hgb : A = 4 –i 2
1 2i 3
20. AbyeÜx g¨vwUª· (Conjugate Matrix): †Kvb RwUj g¨vwUª· Gi RwUj Dcv`vb ¸‡jvi AYyeÜx Dcv`vb Øviv MwVZ g¨vwUª·‡K H g¨vwUª‡·i AYyeÜx g¨vwUª·
3 + 4i 2 1 3 – 4i
– 
2 1
e‡j| †hgb : A =  4 2 – i 0 Gi AYyeÜx RwUj g¨vwUª·, A =  4 2 + i 0
 1 2 i  1 2 –i
21. nviwgwkqvb g¨vwUª· (Hermitian Matrix): †Kvb RwUj eM© g¨vwUª· Gi AbyeÜx g¨vwUª·‡K UªvÝ‡cvR K‡i hw` cÖ`Ë g¨vwUª‡·i mgvb nq Z‡e cÖ`Ë g¨vwUª·‡K
 3 1+i i  1–i –i 
– 
3
nviwgwkqvb g¨vwUª· e‡j| †hgb : A = 1 – i 2 3 + i n‡j A = 1 + i 2 3 – i
 –i 3 – i –1   i 3 + i –1 
–    
3 1 + i i 3 1 + i i
At = 1 – i 2 3 + i = A  A = 1 – i 2 3 + i GKwU nviwgwkqvb g¨vwUª·
 –i 3 – i –1   –i 3 – i –1 
–
22. wenviwgwkqvb g¨vwUª· (Skew Hermitian Matrix): †Kvb GKwU g¨vwUª· A †K wenviwgwkqvb g¨vwUª· ejv n‡e hw` A = – A nq| †hgb :
0 –3i
A = 3i 0 n‡j A = –3i 0  = – 3i 0 = – A  A GKwU wenviwgwkqvb g¨vwUª·
0 3i – 0 3i
Note : wenviwgwkqvb g¨vwUª‡·i cÖavb K‡Y©i Dcv`vb ¸‡jv memgq k~b¨ n‡e|
Rule-01: gvÎv/µg/ch©vq/order = mvwi msL¨v  Kjvg msL¨v|
Rule-02: `yBwU g¨vwUª‡·i ¸Yd‡ji gvÎv †ei Ki‡Z ej‡j, me©cÖ_g †`L‡Z n‡e g¨vwUª· `yBwUi ¸Y m¤¢e nq wK bv| hw` ¸Y m¤¢e bv nq Zvn‡j gvÎv wbY©q
m¤¢e bv| hw` ¸Y m¤¢e nq Zvn‡j, ¸Ydj g¨vwUª‡·i gvÎv = 1g g¨vwUª‡·i mvwi  2q g¨vwUª‡·i Kjvg|
Rule-03: Trace- †Kvb g¨vwUª‡·i cÖvBgvwi K‡Y©i Dcv`vb¸‡jv †hvM Ki‡j trace cvIqv hvq|
Rule-04: g¨vwUª·‡K †Kvb wKQz w`‡q ¸Y Ki‡Z PvB‡j, g¨vwUª‡·i cÖ‡Z¨K Dcv`v‡bi mv‡_ ¸Y Ki‡Z nq|
 a 2 5 
MODEL EXAMPLE-01 : A = –2 b –3 GKwU eµ cÖwZmg g¨vwUª· n‡j a, b, c Gi gvb ¸‡jvÑ [DU. 17-18]
 –5 3 c 
GENERAL RULES & TIPS
eµ cÖwZmg g¨vwUª· n‡j cÖavb K‡Y©i Dcv`vb¸‡jv k~b¨ n‡e ZvB, a = 0; b = 0; c = 0 n‡e|
MODEL EXAMPLE-02: A = 2  3 Ges B = 3  4 n‡j, AB Gi gvÎv KZ?

1g g¨vwUª‡·i Kjvg msL¨v 3 = 2q g¨vwUª‡·i mvwii msL¨v 3  G‡ì ¸Y m¤¢e  AB Gi gvÎv = 2  4
MODEL EXAMPLE-03: A, B, C wZbwU g¨vwUª· †hLv‡b A34, B45 Ges C[ci j]mn = A[ai j]34  B[bi j]45 n‡j (m, n) Gi gvb KZ? [JU. 17-18]

A g¨vwUª‡·i gvÎv 3  4; B g¨vwUª‡·i gvÎv 4  5 ; C g¨vwUª‡·i gvÎv 3  5 [∵A3  4, B4  5 Ges C[ci j]mn = A[ai j]34  B[bi j]45]
 m = 3; n = 5
1 3 1
MODEL EXAMPLE-04 : 4 4 4 g¨vwUª·wUi †Uªm (Trace) Gi gvb 8 n‡j a Gi gvb †KvbwU? [JU. 19-20]
3 1 a
kZ©g‡Z, 1 + 4 + a = 8;  a = 3
2 2 2 
MODEL EXAMPLE-05: 2 5 5  Trace, g~L¨ c‡ì gvb, gva¨wgK c‡ì gvb KZ?
2 5 11
g¨vwUª‡·i g~L¨ K‡Y©i Dcv`v‡bi †hvMdj‡K g¨vwUª‡·i †Uªm e‡j|  †Uªm = 2 + 5 + 11 = 18
g~L¨ K‡Y©i Dcv`vb ¸‡jvi ¸Ydj g~L¨c` = 2  5  11 = 110 ; †MŠY K‡Y©i Dcv`vb ¸‡jvi ¸Ydj †MŠYc`/gva¨wgK c` = 2  5  2 = 20
 1 2 + i 1 + 3i
MODEL EXAMPLE-06 :2–i 2 –i  †Kvb ai‡bi g¨vwUª·? [CU-J. 16-17]
1 – 3i i 0 
nviwgwkqvb g¨vwUª· (Hermitian Matrix) : †Kvb RwUj eM© g¨vwUª· Gi AbyeÜxi UªvÝ‡cvR Ki‡j Avw` g¨vwUª· wd‡i Avm‡j Zv‡K nviwgwkqvb g¨vwUª· e‡j|
 1 2 + i 1 + 3i  1 2 – i 1 – 3i
∵A= 2 – i 2 –i  Gi cÖwZwU Dcv`vb‡K AbyeÜx Øviv cÖwZ¯’vcb K‡i cvB,  2 + i 2 i  G‡K UªvÝ‡cvR Ki‡j
1 – 3i i 0  1 + 3i –i 0 
 1 2 + i 1 + 3i
2–i 2 –i  = A A_©vr A g¨vwUª·wU nviwgwkqvb|
1 – 3i i 0 
1 3 5
MODEL EXAMPLE-07 : 2 5 7 Gi †Uªm †KvbwU? [SAU. 17-18]
3 8 6
g¨vwUª‡·i g~L¨ K‡Y©i Dcv`v‡bi †hvMdj‡K g¨vwUª‡·i †Uªm e‡j|  †Uªm = 1 + 5 + 6 = 12
MODEL EXAMPLE-08 : Matrix 

4 6
6 4
Gi bvgÑ [BUTex. 14-15]

†h Matrix Gi Kjvg Ges mvwi inter-change Ki‡j Matrix AcwiewZ©Z _v‡K| Zv‡K cÖwZmg Matrix e‡j|
MODEL EXAMPLE-09 : 3  3 AvKv‡ii KY© g¨vwUª· A Gi KY© Dcv`vb¸wji ¸Ydj 2 2 n‡j |( 2I – A)3| Gi gvb KZ? [SAU. 16-17]
 1 0 0   2 0 0 3 
 2 0 1 0  –  0 2 0   = 0
 0 0 1  0 0 2  
MODEL EXAMPLE-10 : 3  3 AvKv‡ii GKwU KY© g¨vwUª· D Gi Rb¨ |D| = 20 n‡j |(2D)–1| Gi gvb KZ? [BUET. 12-13; SUST. 15-16]
GENERAL RULES & TIPS ASPECT SUPER TRICKS

a 0 0
awi, 3  3 AvKv‡ii KY© g¨vwUª·, D = 0 b 0
0 0 c
 2a 0 0  a 0 0 n
 2D =  0 2b 0  Ges |D| = 0 b 0= 20 n µ‡gi g¨vwUª· A Gi Rb¨ |MA| = M |A|
 0 0 2c 0 0 c 1 1 1 1
3 µ‡gi g¨vwUª· D Gi Rb¨ |(2D)–1| = = = =
 2a 0 0   0
a 0 |2D| 23|D| 8  20 160
 |2D| =  0 2b 0 = 23 0 b 0= 8  20 = 160
 0 0 2c 0 0 c
–1 1 1
Zvn‡j, |(2D) | = |2D| = 160
MCQ & SAQ NOW PRACTICE WRITTEN

01. A GKwU 3  3 eM© g¨vwUª· Ges A = 8 n‡j 2A Gi gvb †KvbwU? Ans. 64
1 1 3
02. A = 5 2 6 hw` k~b¨NvwZ g¨vwUª· nq Z‡e A Gi order KZ n‡e? Ans. 3
–2 –1 –3
–1 1
03. A n‡”Q 3  3 g¨vwUª· Ges |A| = – 7 nq, Zvn‡j (2A)  Gi gvb KZ? Ans. –
56
04. GKwU 2  3 AvKv‡ii g¨vwUª· A Ges GKwU 3  3 AvKv‡ii g¨vwUª· B ¸Y Kiv n‡j ¸Ydj AB g¨vwUª‡·i AvKvi KZ n‡e? Ans. 2  3
05. g¨vwUª· A Gi gvÎv 2  4 Ges g¨vwUª· B-Gi gvÎv 4  3 n‡j, BA-Gi gvÎvÑ Ans. AmsÁvwqZ
 REAL TEST ANALYSIS OF PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS 

STEP 01 ANALYSIS OF GENERAL UNIVERSITY QUESTION det (2A–1) = det 
2 A–1 Gi mv‡_ KZ¸Y Av‡Q|
A GLv‡b 2A–1 A_©vr ¸wYZK = 2
DU = (¸wYZK)order  gvb Note: ïay eM©g¨vwUª‡·i †ÿ‡Î
–4
01. A =   n‡j det (2A–1) Gi gvb n‡jv- [DU. 19-20; DU-cÖhyw³: 19-20]
3 22 cÖ‡hvR¨
2 –3 =
1
=–4
1 1
A. 4 B. –4 C.
4
D. –
4 a 2 5
3 –4 –3 4 3 –4 02 . A = 2 b 3 GKwU eµ cÖwZmg g¨vwU· n‡j a, b, c Gi gvb¸‡jv-
S B Sol n A = 2 –3 ; A = – 9 + 8 –2 3 = 2 –3
1
–1
5 3 c 
olve
[DU. 17-18]
 6 –8 . –2, –5, .
 2A = 4 –6  det (2A ) = – 36 + 32 = – 4
–1 –1 A 3 B 0, 0, 0
C. 1, 1, 1 D. 2, 5, 3
ASPECT SUPER TRICKS: n hw` AT = –A nq ZLb Zv‡K eµ cÖwZmg g¨vwUª· e‡j| †h
olve
3 –4 GLv‡b DwjøwLZ g¨vwUª· Gi order S B Sol

A = 2 –3 n‡j, †Kvb g¨vwUª‡·i eµ cÖwZmg g¨vwUª· †c‡Z n‡j g~L¨ KY© eivei Dcv`vb¸‡jv
=22
|A| = – 9 + 8 = –1 A_©vr, Order 2 Ges ¸wYZK n‡”Q me k~b¨ n‡Z n‡e| myZivs a = 0, b = 0 Ges c = 0|
ASPECT SERIES  n Amn npB
olve
JU S C Sol
01. wb‡Pi †KvbwU mgNvwZ g¨vwUª·? [JU-H. 19-20] =
AB Gi AvKvi m  p
 2 –2 –4  2 –2 4
A.  –1 3 4 B. –1 3 4
RU
 1 –2 –3  1 –2 –3
01. A I B `yBwU cÖwZmg g¨vwUª· n‡j AB  BA GKwUÑ [RU-C. 19-20]
 2 –2 5  2 –2 –4 A. cÖwZmg g¨vwUª· B. KY© g¨vwUª·
C. –1 3 4 D. –1 3 4
 1 –2 –3  1 –2 3 C. wecÖwZmg g¨vwUª· D. k~b¨ g¨vwUª·
n A I B `yBwU cÖwZmg g¨vwUª· n‡j, AB – BA GKwU k~b¨
olve
2
S A Sol n mgNvwZ g¨vwUª‡·i †ÿ‡Î A = A n‡Z nq|
olve
S D Sol
option (A) Gi †ÿ‡Î g¨vwUª· nq|
 2 –2 –4  2 –2 –4  2 –2 –4 02. A g¨vwUª·wU cÖwZmg g¨vwUª· n‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? [RU. 17-18]
–1 3 4 –1 3 4 = –1 3 4 A. AT = –A B. A2 = A C. AT = A D. A 2 = I
 1 –2 –3  1 –2 –3  1 –2 –3 T
S C Sol n GKwU eM© g¨vwUª· A cÖwZmg n‡j A = A n‡e|
olve
1 3 1 03. wZbwU g¨vwUª· A, B I C Gi order h_vµ‡g 2  3, 4  2, 5  4 n‡j,
02. 4 4 4 g¨vwUª·wUi †Uªm †KvbwU? [JU-A. 19-20] CBA g¨vwUª·wUi order KZ n‡e? [RU. 17-18]
3 1 3 A. 5  3 B. 5  4 C. 2  5 D. 4  3
S A Sol n C B A
olve
A. 5 B. 12 C. 8 D. 7
S C Sol n g¨vwUª‡·i †Uªm = cÖvBgvwi K‡Y©i Dcv`vb ¸‡jvi †hvMdj 54 42 23
olve
 †Uªm = 1 + 4 + 3 = 8 53
03. ‡Kvb g¨vwUª‡·i mvwi¸‡jv‡K Kjv‡g Ges Kjvg¸‡jvi mvwi‡Z cwieZ©b a
04. [a b] Ges   g¨vwUª·Ø‡qi ¸Ydj n‡eÑ [RU. 17-18]
Ki‡j †h g¨vwUª· cvIqv hvq Zv‡K  e‡j| [JU. 18-19] b
a2
A. mvwi g¨vwUª· B. Kjvg g¨vwUª· A. [a2b2] B. [a2 + b2] C. b2 D. gvb †bB
C. eM© g¨vwUª· D. iƒcvšÍwiZ g¨vwUª·
S D Sol n 1  1 21
olve
n g¨vwUª‡·i mvwi¸‡jv‡K Kjv‡g Ges Kjvg¸‡jvi mvwi‡Z

olve
S D Sol
cwieZ©b Ki‡j †h g¨vwUª· cvIqv hvq Zv‡K we¤^ ev iƒcvšÍwiZ g¨vwUª· e‡j| m¤¢e bq
0 2
04. g¨vwUª· X = 
x 4 0 1 0
r 6
cÖwZmg n‡j r Gi gvb †KvbwU? [JU. 17-18] 05. hw` A = 
1 2 3
Ges B = 1 2 nq Z‡e wb‡Pi †KvbwU mZ¨?
0 1
A. 4 B. 6 C. 4 D. 6 [RU-H. 16-17]
D. AB  BA
S A Sol n X =  r 6
x 4 A. AB = BA B. AB = B2 C. A = 2B
olve
S D Sol n B
olve
A B A
∵ cÖwZmg X g¨vwUª· ZvB X = XT   r 6 = 4
x 4 x r 23 32 32 23
6  r = 4
05. g¨vwUª· M Gi AvKvi 4  3 Ges N Gi AvKvi 3  5 n‡j MN Gi 22 33
AvKvi †KvbwU? [JU. 17-18, 11-12, 09-10] AB Gi gvÎv BA Gi gvÎv
A. 4  4 B. 4  5 C. 3  5 D. 3  4  AB  BA
n 43 35N 06. hw` A GKwU 2  5 gvÎvi Ges B GKwU 5  2 gvÎvi g¨vwUª· nq, Z‡e
olve
S B Sol M
= BA-Gi gvÎv KZ n‡e? [RU. 15-16; IU. 13-14, 05-06, 02-03]
MN Gi AvKvi 4  5 A. 2  2 B. 5  5 C. 2  5 D. 5  2
4
06. A =  I B = 
3 1 2 n B A
olve
S B Sol
4 1  2 1 Gi g‡a¨ †KvbwU e¨wZµgx (Singular) 52 25
g¨vwUª·- [JU. 13-14] =
A. A B. B C. A I B DfqB D. †KvbwUB bq BA-Gi gvÎv = 5  5
S B Sol n †h g¨vwUª‡·i gvb k~b¨ Zv‡K e¨wZµgx g¨vwUª· e‡j| †h‡nZz 07. hw` A I B `yBwU g¨vwUª· nq Ges A + I2 = B nq, Z‡e B-Gi gvÎv KZ?
olve
A I B Gi g‡a¨ B Gi gvb k~b¨ ZvB B g¨vwUª·wUB e¨wZµgx g¨vwUª·| [RU. 15-16]

A . 2  3 B . n  n C . 3  3 D . 2  2
a11 a12 a1n
S D Sol n Avgiv Rvwb, ïaygvÎ GKB gvÎvi g¨vwUª‡·i g‡a¨ †hvM m¤¢e
olve
07. a23 a22 a2n  GB g¨vwUª·wU †Kvb cÖK…wZ? [JU. 09-10]

an1 aa2 ann Ges †hvMdjI GKB gvÎvi nq| myZivs I2 Gi gvÎv †h‡nZz 2  2, ZvB
A. KY© g¨vwUª· B. eM© g¨vwUª· A + I2 Gi gvÎvI 2  2 n‡e|  B-Gi gvÎv 2  2
C. †¯‹jvi g¨vwUª· D. A‡f`K g¨vwUª·
CU
S B Sol n g¨vwUª‡·i me©‡kl Dcv`vb ann A_©vr g¨vwUª‡·i mvwii msL¨v
olve
= n Ges g¨vwUª‡·i Kjv‡gi msL¨v = n  eM© g¨vwUª·|  1 2 + i 1 + 3i

01.  2 – i 2 –i  †Kvb ai‡bi g¨vwUª·? [CU-J. 16-17]
08. hw` A GKwU m  n AvKv‡ii g¨vwU· Ges B GKwU n  p AvKv‡ii g¨vwUª· 1 – 3i i 0 
nq Zvn‡j Zv‡ì ¸Ydj AB Gi AvKvi n‡e| [JU. 09-10; iv.‡ev. 2019] A. e¨wZµgx B. A¨vWR‡q›U C. nviwgwkqvb
A. n  n B. n  p C. m  p D. m  m D. D`NvwZK E. †KvbwUB bq
S C Sol nviwgwkqvb g¨vwUª· (Hermitian Matrix): †Kvb RwUj eM© S A Sol wecÖwZmg/AcÖwZmg g¨vwUª· (Skmmetric Matrix): GKwU
n
olve
n
olve
g¨vwUª· Gi AbyeÜxi UªvÝ‡cvR Ki‡j Avw` g¨vwUª· wd‡i Avm‡j Zv‡K eM© g¨vwUª· A Gi UªvÝ‡cvR g¨vwUª· = AT Ges A = – AT ev, AT = – A
nviwgwkqvb g¨vwUª· e‡j| n‡j Zv‡K wecÖwZmg/AcÖwZmg g¨vwUª· e‡j| Gi Prime K‡Y©i fzw³ mg~n
 1 2 + i 1 + 3i k~b¨ nq|
A = 2–i 2 –i  Gi cÖwZwU Dcv`vb‡K AbyeÜx Øviv 07. †h eM© g¨vwUª‡·i K‡Y©i Dcv`vb¸‡jv Ak~b¨ I mgvb Ges Ab¨vb¨ Dcv`vb¸‡jv
1 – 3i i 0  k~b¨ Zv‡K ejv nq? [IU. 10-11, 08-09, 04-05; JnU. 12-13]
 1 2 – i 1 – 3i A. KY© B. BDwbU g¨vwUª· C. †¯‹jvi g¨vwUª· D. eM© g¨vwUª·
cÖwZ¯’vcb K‡i cvB,  2 + i 2 i  G‡K UªvÝ‡cvR Ki‡j n †h eM© g¨vwUª‡·i K‡Y©i Dcv`vb¸‡jv Ak~b¨ I mgvb Ges Ab¨vb¨
olve
1 + 3i –i 0  S C Sol
Dcv`vb¸‡jv k~b¨ Zv‡K †¯‹jvi g¨vwU· e‡j|
 1 2 + i 1 + 3i
2–i 2 –i  = A BRU
1 – 3i i 0 
01. hw` A GKwU 3 × 3 g¨vwUª· Ges |A | = – 7 nq, Zvn‡j |(2A )–1 |Gi gvb-
KU [BRU-E. 19-20]
1 1 8 2
1 0 wU i. KY© g¨vwUª· ii. †¯‹jvi g¨vwUª· iii. A‡f`K g¨vwUª·| A. – B. – C. – D. –
01. 0 1 [KU.] 14 56 7 7
Dc‡ii Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K wb‡Pi †KvbwU mZ¨? –1 3 –1 –1 –1 1
S B Sol n (2A) = {(2) |A|} = {8 (–7)} = {–56} = – 56
olve
A. i, iii B. i, iii C. ii, iii D. i, ii, iii
n i. KY© g¨vwUª· (Diagonal Matrix) : †h eM© g¨vwUª· cÖavb
olve
S D Sol JKKNIU
01. hw` A = 
K‡Y©i (aij; i = j) fyw³¸‡jv e¨wZZ Ab¨me fyw³ k~b¨| 1 2
2 3
nq, Z‡e AT = ? [JKKNIU. 19-20]
ii. †¯‹jvi g¨vwUª· (Scalar Matrix): †h KY© g¨vwUª‡·i Ak~b¨ fzw³¸‡jv mgvb|
A. 2 3 B. 1 3 C. 3 2 D. 2 2
1 2 2 3 1 2 1 3
iii. A‡f`K g¨vwUª· ev GKK g¨vwUª· (Identity or unit Matrix) : †h KY©
g¨vwUª‡·i KY©w¯’Z mKj fzw³ 1|
S A Sol n A = 2 3  A = 2 3
olve 1 2 T 1 2
IU
01. eM©vKvi †Kvb g¨vwUª· A-Gi †¶‡Î hw` A2 = A nq, Z‡e †mB g¨vwU·wU-
[IU-A. 19-20]
STEP 02 ANALYSIS OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY QUESTION
A. mgNvwZ B. cÖwZmg C. ch©vqe„Ë D. A‡f`NvwZ SUST
n eM©vKvi g¨vwUª· A Gi †ÿ‡Î A2 = A n‡j A GKwU mgNvwZ g¨vwUª·| 01. A Ges B g¨vwUª· `ywUi gvÎv (Order) h_vµ‡g 2  3 Ges 3  5 n‡j
olve
S A Sol
02. †h eM© g¨vwUª‡·i wbY©vq‡Ki gvb Ak~b¨ Zv‡K e‡j- [IU. 17-18] wb‡Pi †KvbwU mZ¨Ñ [SUST. 07-08]
A. e¨vwZµgx g¨vwUª· B. Ae¨wZµgx g¨vwU· A . BA msÁvwqZ n‡e B . AB msÁvwqZ n‡e
C. cÖwZmg g¨vwUª· D. GKK g¨vwUª· C. AB Gi gvÎv n‡e 52 D. AB Gi gvÎv n‡e 33
n A g¨vwUª‡·i gvÎv = 2  3; B g¨vwUª‡·i gvÎv = 3  5
olve
n †h eM© g¨vwUª‡·i wbY©vq‡Ki gvb Ak~b¨ Zv‡K e‡j Ae¨wZµgx S B Sol

olve
S B Sol
g¨vwUª·| 3(5) (2)3 2(3) (3)5
03. wb‡Pi †KvbwU Complex Matrix? [IU. 17-18]
A. A = 
2 3+i 
B. A = 
2 3 A. B.
i 6  –2 6  ¸Y Am¤¢e 25
C. A = 
0 1
D. A = 
1 1 AB msMvwqZ n‡e bv
BA msMvwqZ n‡ebv
1 0  1 1 
S A Sol n †h g¨vwUª‡·i GK ev GKvwaK Dcv`vb RwUj msL¨v Zv‡K MBSTU
olve
RwUj g¨vwUª· e‡j| 01. P GKwU 2  3 g¨vwUª· Ges Q GKwU 3  4 g¨vwUª· n‡j QP-
[MBSTU-A. 19-20]
1 2 4 A. 2  4 g¨vwUª· B. 4  2 g¨vwUª· C. 3  3 g¨vwUª· D. A¸bb †hvM¨
04. 3 a 2g¨vwU·wUi Trace-Gi gvb 7 n‡j a Gi gvb KZ? [IU. 17-18]
1 0 4 S D Sol n P g¨vwUª· Gi AvKvi 2  3, Q g¨vwUª‡·i AvKvi 3  4
olve
A. 0 B. 1 C. 2 D. 4  QP g¨vwUª‡·i AvKvi (3  4) (2  3) [hv A¸Yb‡hvM¨]

n g¨vwUª‡·i ‡Uªm = 1 + a + 4 = 5 + a
02. P, Q, R g¨vwUª·¸wji AvKvi 4  5, 5  4 Ges 2  4 n‡j (PT + Q)RT
olve
S C Sol
 kZ©vbymv‡i, 5 + a = 7 ev, a = 2 g¨vwUª‡·i AvKvi KZ n‡e? [MBSTU-C. 19-20; e.‡ev. 2019]
05. KY© g¨vwUª‡·i Ak~b¨ fzw³mg~n mgvb n‡j Zv‡K ejv nqÑ [IU. 16-17] A. 5  4 B. 5  2 C. 4  2 D. 4  5
n P g¨vwUª‡·i AvKvi 4  5
A. mvwi g¨vwUª· B. †¯‹jvi g¨vwUª·
olve
S D Sol
C. k~b¨ g¨vwUª· D. Kjvg g¨vwUª· Q g¨vwUª‡·i AvKvi 5  4
n †h KY© g¨vwUª‡·i g~L¨ K‡Y©i Dcv`vb¸‡jv mgvb Zv‡K †¯‹jvi
Ó 24
olve
S B Sol R Ó
g¨vwUª· e‡j|  pT g¨vwUª‡·i AvKvi = 5  4
06. bx‡Pi †KvbwU AcÖwZmg Matrix? [IU. 16-17]  PT + Q Ó Ó =54
A. –b 0
0 b
B. 0 –b
b 0
C. –b 0 0 –b
D. 0 b  RT Ó Ó =42
 0 b  (PT + Q) RT g¨vwUª‡·i AvKvi 5  2
 0 1 –4 S C Sol A Gi gvÎv 5  4, (A + B) Gi gvÎv 5  4
n T T
olve
03. A = –1 0 3 n‡j a Gi †Kvb gv‡bi Rb¨ A GKwU wecÖwZmg
 (AT + B)C Gi gvÎv 5  2
 a –3 0
g¨vwUª· n‡e? [MBSTU. 16-17]
A. a = 1 B. a = –1 C. a = 0 D. a = 4 STEP 04 ANALYSIS OF BOARD QUESTION
 0 1 –4 01. KY© g¨vwUª‡·i †ÿ‡ÎÑ [XvKv †evW©-2019]
S D Sol n A = –1 0 3 (i) aij  0, i = j (ii) aij = 0, i > j
olve
 a –3 0 (iii) aij = 0, i < j

 0 –1 4  0 1 –4 wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
a = 4 n‡j AT =  1 0 –3 = – –1 0 3 = – A A. i I ii B. i I iii C. ii I iii D. i, ii I iii
–4 3 0  4 –3 0 n KY© g¨vwUª· (Diagonal Matrix) : †h eM© g¨vwUª· cÖavb
olve
S D Sol
BSMRSTU K‡Y©i (aij  0; i = j) f~w³¸‡jv e¨wZZ Ab¨me f~w³ k~b¨|
01. wb‡Pi †KvbwU cÖwZmg g¨vwUª·? [BSMRSTU-A. 19-20]
 2 4 GKwUÑ
1 0 1  2 0 1  0 1 4 02.
4 8 [Kzwgjøv †evW©-2019]
A.  2 3 0 B.  0 3 4  C. 1 0 3  D. †KvbwUB bq
(i) eM© g¨vwUª· (ii) e¨wZµgx g¨vwUª·
 4 1 3 1 4 5   4 3 0
(iii) cÖwZmg g¨vwUª·
S B Sol n GKwU eM© g¨vwUª· A †K cÖwZmg g¨vwUª· ejv hv‡e hw`
olve
AT = A nq|
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
A. i I ii B. ii I iii C. i I iii D. i, ii I iii
BSFMSTU n i. eM© g¨vwUª· (Diagonal Matrix) : †h g¨vwUª‡·i †iv msL¨v
olve
S D Sol
 a 5 4
Kjvg msL¨vi mgvb Zv‡K eM© g¨vwUª· e‡j|
01. hw` A = –5 b 3 GKwU wecÖwZmg g¨vwUª· nq, Zvn‡j a, b, c Gi
–4 3 c ii. e¨wZµgx g¨vwUª· : †h eM© g¨vwUª‡·i wbY©q‡Ki gvb k~b¨|
T
gvb¸‡jv n‡eÑ [BSFMSTU. 19-20] iii. eM© g¨vwUª· A ‡K cÖwZmg g¨vwUª· ejv n‡e hw` A = A nq|
A. –5, –4, –3 B. 0, 0, 0 C. 1, 1, 1 D. 5, 4,
5 0 0
a 5 4 03. 0 5 0 g¨vwUª·wU GKwUÑ [mKj †evW©-2018]
S B Sol n 5 b 3 GKwU wecÖwZmg g¨vwUª· n‡j a = 0, b = 0 0 0 5
olve
4 3 c (i) eM© g¨vwUª· (ii) A‡f`K g¨vwUª· (iii) †¯‹jvi g¨vwUª·
Ges c = 0 n‡e| wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
A. i I ii B. i I iii C. ii I iii D. i, ii I iii
STEP 03 ANALYSIS OF ENGINEERING & BUTex QUESTION n eM© g¨vwUª
· †h g¨vwUª‡·i †iv msL¨v
olve
S B Sol i. (Diagonal Matrix) :

BUET
Kjvg msL¨vi mgvb Zv‡K eM© g¨vwUª· e‡j|
01. A, B Ges C g¨vwUª·¸‡jvi gvÎv h_vµ‡g 4  5, 5  4 Ges 4  2 n‡j
ii. A‡f`K g¨vwUª· ev GKK g¨vwUª· (Identity or unit Matrix) : †h KY©
(AT + B)C g¨vwUª‡·i gvÎv n‡e-
[BUET. 10-11; IU.16-17; BRU-E. 19-20; DU-7Clg. 19-20] g¨vwUª‡·i KY©w¯’Z mKj fzw³ 1|
A. 5  4 B. 4  2 C. 5  2 D. 2  5 iii. †¯‹jvi g¨vwUª· (Scalar Matrix) : †h KY© g¨vwUª‡·i Ak~b¨ fzw³¸‡jv mgvb|
CONCEPT 02  g¨vwUª‡·i •ewkó¨ [Properties of Matrics]

01. (AT)T = A 02. (AB)T = BTAT (‡hLv‡b A I B Gi gvÎv h_vµ‡g m  n I n  p)
03. AI = IA 04. A.A–1 = A–1A = I
05. A (B + C) = AB + AC; (B + C)A = BA + CA; A(BC) = (AB)C 06. AX = B n‡j X = A–1B
MODEL EXAMPLE-01 : hw` GKwU eM© g¨vwUª· A Ggb nq †h, 3A3 – 2A2 + 5AI + I = 0 nq, Z‡e A–1 = ?
GENERAL RULES 3 in 1 SHORTCUT TRICKS & TIPS
3 2
I = – (3A – 2A + 5AI)
 I = 2A2 –3A3 –5AI  I = A(2A – 3A2 – 5I) Need to know basic properties of Matrics
 A . A–1 = A(2A – 3A2 – 5I)  A–1 = 2A – 3A2 – 5I
MODEL EXAMPLE-02 : I A‡f`K g¨vwUª· n‡j B g¨vwUª· wbY©q Ki : 

4 3
B = I; I = 
1 0
2 1 1
[KUET. 03-04]
0
 4w + 3y = 1
Let, B = y z  ;  2 1 B = 2 1 y z  = 2w + y
w x 4 3 4 3 w x 4w + 3y 4x + 3z 1 0
2x + z  = 0 1 2w + y = 0 ; 4x + 3z = 0; 2x + z = 1
–1 –1/2 3/2
A_©vr, w = 2 , x = 2, y = 1; z = –2 [mgvavb K‡i] ;  B =  1
3
–2
[we:`ª: 2 1g¨vwUª‡·i Inverse Matrix B n‡”Q B| Gfv‡eI AsKwU Kiv hvq|]
4 3
01. hw` AB = A Ges BA = A n‡jÑ Ans. A = B = I

1 –1
STEP 01 ANALYSIS OF GENERAL UNIVERSITY QUESTION S E Sol n A =  2 1 
olve
RU
1  3 
1 1
01. †KvbwU wecixZ g¨vwUª‡·i •ewkó¨ bq? [RU. 17-18]
adj (A) = 
3
1  2 
1 1 1
A. (A–1)–1 = A B. (AB)–1 = A–1B–1  A–1 = =
Det(A) 3  –2
C. (AT)–1 = (A–1)T D. (BA)A–1 = B
– 3 
1
n wecixZ g¨vwUª‡·i •ewkó¨: 3
olve
S B Sol
AB = 
(i) (A–1)–1 = A (ii) (AT)–1 = (A–1)T 2 1
–1
(iii) (BA)A = B (iv) A.A–1 = I (v) (AB)–1  A–1B–1  1 –1  ;
02. A GKwU eM© g¨vwUª· n‡j |A| = ?
B = A–1 
[RU-H. 14-15] 2 1
A. 1 B. A C. A1 D. †Kv‡bvwUB bq  1 –1 
S B Sol n A GKwU eM© g¨vwUª· n‡j |A| = A
olve
3  2  3+3  1
1 1 2 1 1 1
–
03. hw` A, B I C g¨vwUª·¸‡jv †hvM I ¸Y‡bi Rb¨ †hvM¨ nq; Z‡e wb‡Pi 3 1 3 3 0
=  1 =  4 1  =  –1
†KvbwU mwVK? –1  –2 1 –1 
– 3  – 3 + 3 
[RU-H. 14-15] 2 1
A. A(B +C) = AB + AC B. (A + B)C = AC + BC –
3 3 3
C. A(BC) = (AB)C D. me¸‡jvB mwVK
n According to basic properties of Matrices. Aspect special tricks: Ackb †U÷ Ki‡jB n‡e|
olve
S D Sol
04. g¨vwUª‡·i †ÿ‡Î †KvbwU wg_¨v bq? [RU-H. 13-14] AL©vr †h Ack‡bi mv‡_ A g¨vwUª· ¸Y Ki‡j AB g¨vwUª· cvIqv hvq †m
A. †¯‹jvi g¨vwUª‡· Ak~b¨ Dcv`vb¸wj Amgvb n‡Z cv‡i AckbwUB mwVK Ans.|
B. mgvb msL¨K Dcv`vbwewkó Kjvg g¨vwUª· A Ges mvwi g¨vwUª· B n‡j
AB n‡Z cv‡i bv BSMRSTU
C. `ywU mgvb mvB‡Ri BDwbU g¨vwUª· †hvM Ki‡j †¯‹jvi g¨vwUª· cvIqv hvq bv 01. A GKwU A‡f`K g¨vwUª· n‡j A–1 + A + A2 = ? [BSMRSTU. 18-19]
D. `ywU ¸Y‡hvM¨ g¨vwUª· me †ÿ‡ÎB †hv‡Mi Rb¨ †hvM¨ Ans B A. A 2
B. 2°
STEP 02 ANALYSIS OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY QUESTION C. 3A D. 1 + A2 + A2
S C Sol n awi, A = 0 1  A = 0 1 = A

1 0 –1 1 0
SUST
olve
1 –1 
01. hw` g¨vwUª· A =  AB = 
2 1
Ges g¨vwUª ·  1 –1  nq, Z‡e g¨vwUª· A2 = A.A = 0 1 0 1 = 0 1 = A
1 0 1 0 1 0
2 1
B †KvbwU? [SUST-A. 19-20]
 A–1 + A + A2 = A + A + A = 3A
A. 
1 0
B. 
1
C. 
0 2 1
0 1 1 0  1 –1  Aspect special tricks: A‡f`K g¨vwUª‡·i gvb 1
1 –1 
D.  E. 
1 0  A–1 + A + A2 = 11 + 1 + 12 = 3
2 1  –1 –1 
CONCEPT 03  g¨vwUª‡·i †hvM, we‡qvM, ¸Y I mgZv

 `ywU g¨vwUª‡·i gvÎv mgvb bv n‡j †hvM ev we‡qvM Kiv hvq bv|
 `ywU g¨vwUª· mgvb n‡j Zv‡ì Abyiƒc Dcv`vb¸‡jv mgvb n‡e|
 `ywU g¨vwUª· A I B Gi ¸Ydj AB wbY©q Kiv hv‡e hw` A g¨vwUª‡·i Kjvg msL¨v B g¨vwUª‡·i mvwi msL¨vi mgvb nq|
 A = [aij]mn Ges B = [bij]nr n‡j hw` AB = [abij]mr nq Z‡e AB g¨vwUª‡·i gvÎv m  r n‡e
 g¨vwUª· ¸Y‡bi †ÿ‡Î †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU mvwi ev Kjvg Gi ¸Y †ei K‡i †`L‡jB Ans. Ack‡b cvIqv hvq|
2 –2 
: A= Ges B = 
2 2
MODEL EXAMPLE-01 ; AB = ?
–2 –2 3 3
 2  2  2 2
A  B 
  2  2  3 3
 2  2  (2)  3 2  2  (2  3)   4  6 46  2 2
AB       
 2  2  (2  3)  2  2  (2  3)  4  6  4  6  10  10
i –1 
: A=
1 i
MODEL EXAMPLE-02 ,B= Ges i = –1 n‡j AB Gi gvb n‡eÑ [DU. 12-13; CU. 14-15]
–i 1 –1 –i
 ii  1  i 2  0 0 
 2  =  
 i  1 i  i  0 0
: hw` 3
2x–y 5 6 5
MODEL EXAMPLE-03 nq Z‡e x Gi gvb n‡e-
y 3 –2
= [JnU. 15-16]

2x – y = 6 Ges y = –2
 2x = 6 – 2 [∵ y = –2]
x=2
4 –4 8 4
MODEL EXAMPLE-04 : hw` 1 A = –1 2 1  nq, Zvn‡j A g¨vwUª·wU wbY©q Ki| [BUET. 17-18]
3 –3 6 3 
4 –4 8 4
awi, B = 1 ; C = –1 2 1myZivs B  A = C
3 –3 6 3
GLv‡b B Gi µg = 3  1; C Gi µg = 3  3 ; myZivs A Gi µg = 1  3 [∵ B(31)  A(13) = C(33)]
4 –4 8 4
awi, A = [x y z] ; 1  [x y z] = –1 2 1 .......... (i)
3 –3 6 3
(i) bs mgxKiY †_‡K cvB, 4x = – 4  x = –1; 4y = 8  y = 2; 4z = 4  z = 1; myZivs wb‡Y©q A = [x y z] = [–1 2 1]
MODEL EXAMPLE-05 : hw` A = 

4 3
Ges AB =  4 7  nq Z‡e B g¨vwUª· Gi Dcv`vbmg~n †ei Ki|
10 17
2 1
[RUET. 09-10; BUET. 16-17]

awi, B = c
a b Alternate Solution :
d
– 1 3
A = 2 1  A–1 =  2 2
4 3
GLb, AB =  4 7   2 1 c d =  4 7 
10 17 4 3 a b 10 17
 1 –2
 2a + c 2b + d  =  4
10 17
GLb, AB = 4 7   A–1.AB = A–1. 4 7 
4a + 3c 4b + 3d 10 17 10 17
7
 4a + 3c = 10 4b + 3d = 17 10 17 ∵ A–1.A = I
2a + c = 4 2b + d = 7  I.B = B = A–1. 4 7 ;  I.B = B 
mgvavb K‡i cvB c = 2 d = 3  B = 2 3
a=1 b=2 1 2
– 1 3 10 17
= 2 2 .   1 2
4 7 = 2 3
 1 –2
MODEL EXAMPLE-06 : hw` A =  Ges A2 = 2  – 3

cos –sin 1 1
;  Gi gvb wbY©q Ki|
sin cos  3 1 
[KUET. 09-10]

cos –sin cos –sin cos2 – sin2 –2sin cos 
A2 = AA = 
sin cos  sin cos  = 2cossin cos2 – sin2
 
1 3
2 –
 
2 1
Avevi, A2 =  cos2 – sin2 = [g¨vwUª‡·i mgZv †_‡K]
2
 
3 1
2 2
  
ev, cos2 = cos60 = cos 3 ; ev, 2 = 2n  3   = n  6
1 2 2
MODEL EXAMPLE-07 : hw` A = 2 1 2  nq, gvb wbY©q Ki : A2 – 4A – 5I| [KUET. 05-06]
2 2 1
1 2 2 1 2 2 1 + 4 + 4 2 + 2 + 4 2 + 4 + 2 9 8 8
A.A = A2 = 2 1 2 2 1 2 = 2 + 2 + 4 4 + 1 + 4 4 + 2 + 2 = 8 9 8
2 2 1 2 2 1 2 + 4 + 2 4 + 2 + 2 4 + 4 + 1 8 8 9
 8 8 4 8 8 5 0 0 9 – 4 – 5 8 – 8 – 0 8 – 8 – 0 0 0 0
9
A2 – 4A – 5I = 8 9 8 – 8 4 8 – 0 5 0 = 8 – 8 – 0 9 – 4 – 5 8 – 8 – 0 = 0 0 0
8 8 9 8 8 4 0 0 5 8 – 8 – 0 8 – 8 – 0 9 – 4 – 5 0 0 0
 0 0 2i
MODEL EXAMPLE-08 : A =  0 –2i 0 , †`LvI †h, A2 + 4I = 0, I GKwU GKK g¨vwUª·| [KUET. 03-04]
2i 0 0 
 0 0 2i 0 0 2i  0 0 2i –4 0 0 –4 0 0 1 0 0
A =  0 –2i 0  ;  A2 =  0 –2i 0    0 –2i 0  =  0 –4 0 ;  A2 + 4I =  0 –4 0 + 40 1 0
2i 0 0  2i 0 0  2i 0 0  0 0 –4  0 0 –4 0 0 1
 A2 + 4I = 0 (Showed)
–6
MODEL EXAMPLE-09 : hw` P =  Ges P  Q = 0 nq Z‡e g¨vwUª· Q KZ?
4 5
8
[RUET. 14-15]
–2
P GKwU 2  2 gvÎvi g¨vwUª· Ges P  Q g¨vwUª‡·i gvÎv 2  1 ;  Q g¨vwUª‡·i gvÎv n‡e 2  1.
4 –6 x 4x – 6y 4x – 6y
awi, Q = y  PQ = –2 8 y = –2x + 8y ; kZ© n‡e, –2x + 8y = 0 ;  4x – 6y = 5 .......... (i); – 2x + 8y = 0 ......... (ii)
x 5
(i) & (ii) mgvavb K‡i cvB, x = 2; y = 0.5  Q = 0.5

2
01. 3 4  x = –5 n‡j x I y Gi gvb KZ? Ans. –1, –1/2

 4 6  y –7
12 3 0 732 210 15
02. A =  1 2 1 n‡j 5A2 – 3I wbY©q Ki| Ans. 100 37 10
 6 1 0 365 100 2

3 1 1 2
A.  B. 2
0
C. 
1 0
D. 0
STEP 01 ANALYSIS OF GENERAL UNIVERSITY QUESTION 6
15 3  5 2 15 5
DU n
olve
2 2 S A Sol
01. A =  Ges 2 2, AB = ?
3 3  2 0   3 0   2.3  0.5 2.0  0.1  6
2 2 
B = [DU. 14-15; RU. 18-19] 0 
AB   .       
 2 2  0 0  0 0   2 2   0  3   5 1   0.3  3.5 0 .0  3.1    15  3 
B. 0 0 C. 3 0 D. 
2 2 2 2
A.
2 3
n AB =  2    04. hw` A =  nq, Z‡e A2 mgvb-
2 2 2 2
[DU. 04-05]
3
olve
S D Sol 2 2  3 3 5 12 5 12 5 12  5 12

 2.2 + (2).3 2.2 + (2).3  4  6 4  6  2 2 A.  B.   C.   D. 
 12 5  12 5 12 5  12 5 
=
(2).2 + 2.3 (2).2 + 2.3= 4 + 6 4 + 6 =  2 2  n
olve
S D Sol
02. A = 
1 i  i 1 Ges i = 1 n‡j AB Gi gvb n‡e-
i 1 1 i   2  3   2  3   2.2  3.3  2.3  3.2    5  12 
, B =
A 2   .   
[DU. 12-13; RU. 17-18; CU. 14-15]
 3 2   3 2   3.2  2.3  3.3  2.2   12  5 
A. 0 1 B. 0 0 C. 0 i  D. 1 i 
1 0 0 0 i 0 i 1
05. hw` A = 
1 0
, B = 
5 0
0 5 2 1
nq, ZLb AB nq-
n
olve
S B Sol [DU. 03-04; RU. 06-07; JU.18-19]

 1 i   i 1  i  i 1  i2 0 0
A. 2 5 B. 10 5 C. 2 6 D. 12 5
5 0 5 0 6 0 8 1

i 1 1 i  i2  1 i  i  0 0
AB =  = =
03. hw` A = 
2 0
 B = 
3 0 1 0  5 0  5  0 0  0  5 0
0 3 5 1
nq, Z‡e AB mgvb- S B Sol n AB   0 5  .  2 1  =  0  10 0  5   10 5 
olve
[DU. 05-06; JnU. 05-06; JU. 19-20]       

JnU 1 0 0
S C Sol [2 1 3] 0 1 0 = [2 1 3]
n
olve
0 1
01. hw` A =  Ges X = y nq Zvn‡j AX mgvb-
x
1 0
[JnU. 09-10] 0 0 1
3
07. A =   Ges B = 
x y 2 4 7
A. X =   B. X =   C. X =   D. X =  
y x
y x y x 0 1 3 5  n‡j AB = ? [JU. 09-10]
1 29 1 29 1 29

A.  B.  C. 
1 29
1  y
S D Sol n AX = 1 0 .y = 1.x + 0.y =  x 
0 x
3 5  D. 3  5 
0.x 1.y
3 5 3 5
olve
2 3
S A Sol n A = 0 1 Ges B = 3 5 
4 7
, B = 
2 0
02. hw` A = 
3 0
olve
5 1 0 3
nq Z‡e AB mgvb- [JnU. 08-09]
8  9 14 + 15 1 29 
3 1 AB = 
A. 15 B. 2
6 0
C. 10
6 0
D. 10 3
6 0
0 + 3 0  5   3  5
=
3  5 3
S C Sol n AB = 5 1.0 3

3 0 2 0 RU
olve
01.     =   n‡j x Ges y Gi gvb KZ?

3 2 x 5
 3.2 + 0.0 3.0  0.3  6 0 
= 10
2 –2  y  7  [RU. 18-19]
 5.0  1.3 3
= 5.2 + 1.0
A. x = –2, y = 3 B. x = 2, y = –3 C. x = 2, y = 3 D. ‡KvbwUB bq
S D Sol n 2 –2 y = 7  2x – 2y  = 7

3 2 x 5 3x + 2y 5
JU
olve
1 2  3x + 2y = 5 ........... (i) ; 2x – 2y = 7 ........... (ii)
01. hw` A = 
1 2 3
4 5 6
Ges B = 1 2 nq Z‡e AB = ? [JU. 18-19] 12
0 1  (i) + (ii) K‡i cvB, 5x = 12 ; x =
5
A. 9 12
3 3
B. 9
3 3
. 3 3  D. 3 3 12 11
12 9 12  9 12
C x Gi gvb (i) bs G cvB, 3. + 2y = 5  y = –
5 10
 1 2
 2 –2 –4 
S A Sol n A = 4 5 6 Ges B = 1 2 
1 2 3
02. g¨vwUª· A = –1 3 4 n‡j A2 Gi gvb KZ? [RU. 17-18; CU. 18-19]
olve
0 1  1 –2 –3
 1 + 2 + 0 2 + 4  3   3 3 A. –A B. 0 C. 2A D. A
 AB = 4 + 5 + 0
 8 + 10  6 9 12
=
 2 –2 –4   2 –2 –4 
2 1 0 1 nq, Z‡e AB Gi gvb †KvbwU? [JU. 16-17] S D Sol n A = –1 3 4  –1 3 4 
02. hw` A = 
2
olve
5 2
I B = 5 0   1 –2 –3  1 –2 –3 
5 5 2 5 5 – –4 – 6 + 8 –8 – 8 + 12   2 –2 –4 
A.   B.     D.   
2 2 2 4 + 2 4
1 2 10 5 C. 10 4 6 5 = –2 – 3 + 4 2+9–8 4 + 12 – 12 = –1 3 4  = A
–1 –1 –5 –2  – –2 – –4 – 8 + 9   1 –2 –3 
S B Sol n AB = 5 2 5 0 =  10 –5
2 0 2 + 2 3 6 + 6
olve
03. A =  , B =  , X =   Ges AX = B n‡j (x, y) = ?

0 1 1 y
7 8 9 1 0 2 x
03. hw` A = 2 1 7 Ges C = A + I33 Zvn‡j C23 = ? [JU. 16-17]
[RU. 17-18]
6 5 2 A. (0, 0) B. (1, 2) C. (2, 1) D. (1, 1)
S C Sol n AX = B  1 0 x = 2  x = 2

0 1 y 1 y 1
A. 6 B. 7 C. 8 D. 3
olve
7 8 9 1 0 0  x = 2, y = 1
S B Sol n A = 2 1 7 Ges I3 3 = 0 1 0
olve
04. hw` A = 
cos2 –sin2 
6 5 2 0 0 1 Ges [A2] = 1 nq, Z‡e  Gi gvb KZ?
 sin2 cos2
 8 8 9  [RU. 17-18]
C = A + I33 = 2 2 7  C23 = 7 A. 0, 30 B. 30, 45 C. 0, 45 D. 45, 60
6 5 3
n A=
cos2 –sin2 
    6 5
olve
2x y 5
04. hw`  nq Z‡e x Gi gvb KZ? S C Sol  sin2 cos2
y 3 2
= [JU. 15-16]
3
 A2 =   cos2 –sin2
cos2 –sin2
A. 0 B. 1 C. 2 D. 3
 sin2 cos2  sin2 cos2 
S C Sol n 2x – y = 6 ; y = –2
olve
2 2
=
cos 2 – sin 2 –2sin2 cos2  cos4 –sin4
 2x + 2 = 6 [∵y = –2]  x = 2  2sin2 cos2 cos22 – sin22 = sin4 cos4 
3 4 x 5

cos4 –sin4 1 0
05.  n‡j x I y Gi gvb KZ? sin4 cos4  = 0 1  [A ] = 1
2
4 6 y 8
= [JU. 14-15]
A. 1, – 2 B. – 1, 2 C. –1, – 2 D. 2, – 1  cos4 = 1 Ges sin4 = 0

5 5   4 = 0, 
S A Sol n 4 6 y = 8 ev, 4x + 6y = 8
3 4 x 3x + 4y 4 = 0, 2
olve
 
  = 0, = 0, 90   = 0, ev, 0, 45
 3x + 4y = –5 Ges 4x + 6y = –8 2 4
2
05. hw` A = [3 4] Ges B = 
myZivs mgxKiYØq mgvavb K‡i cvB, x = 1 Ges y = – 2 Ans. 1 0
06. hw` g¨vwUª· A=[2 1 3] nq Ges I GKwU 3  3 BDwbU g¨vwU· nq 4 5 3  nq Z‡e AB wbY©q Ki-
[RU. 16-17]
Zvn‡j AI = ? [JU. 11-12]
A. [17 14 –13] B. [19 14 –12]
A. 0 B. [0 0 0] C. [2 1 3] D. AmsÁvwqZ C. [18 14 –11] D. [20 14 –10]
1 2 0 ASPECT SERIES 
S B Sol n AB = [3 4].4 5 3 = [3 + 16 6 + 20 012] 05. X = 4 0 5 Ges Y = 4 1 5 `yÕwU g¨vwUª· n‡j |X – Y| = ?
0 2 3 1 2 3
olve
= 19 14  12  6 7 0 6 7 1
[CU-C3. 16-17]
xy
06. 
1  8 1 A. 1 B. –1 C. 0
7 x + y  7 2
= n‡j, (x, y) = ? [RU. 12-13; DU. 02-03]
D. 60 E. †ei Kiv hv‡e bv
A. (5, 3) B. (5, 3) C. (5, 3) D. (5, 3)
 0 – 1 2 – 2 3 – 3 –1 0 0
S B Sol n  7 x + y = 7 2 n‡j, x  y = 8 ...... (i) S B Sol n X – Y = 4 – 4 0 – 1 5 – 5 =  0 –1 0
x y 1 8 1
olve
olve
6 – 6 7 – 7 0 – 1  0 0 –1
Ges x + y = 2 ...... (ii) |X – Y| = – 1  – 1  – 1 = – 1
GLb (i) I (ii) bs mgxKiY mgvavb K‡i cvB- (x, y) = (5, 3) 1 + i2 0  x = 0 n‡j x I y Gi gvb KZ?
06.  0 1 – i2 y 1 [CU-C3. 16-17]
07. A = 
0 1 2
1 0
n‡j A Gi gvb KZ? [RU. 09-10] 1 1
A. x = y = 0 B. x  0, (1 + i2) C. x  0, (1 – i2)
C. 1 0 D. 0 1
0 1 1 0 5 5
A. 1 B. +1 (1 + i2)
D. x  0, y  0 E. x = 0, y =
S D Sol n A = 1 0 ; A = A.A = 1 0 1 0 = 0 1
0 1 2 0 1 0 1 1 0 5
olve
S E Sol n  0 1 – i2 y = 1  y(1 – i2)  = 1

1 + i2 0 x 0 x(1 + i2) 0
olve
08. A = 
1 2
4 3
n‡j A2 + 2A -11l Gi gvb KZ? [RU. 08-09]
 x (1 + i2) = 0  x = 0
A. 0 0 B. 0 1 C. 1 0
0 0 1 0 0 1 1 (1 + i2) (1 + i2)
D. †KvbwUB bq y(1 + i2) = 1  y = = =
1 – i2 (1 + i2) (1 – i2) 5
1+8 26 9 4
S A Sol n A = 4 3.4 3 = 4  12 8 + 9 = 8 17 07.
2 1 2 1 2  
x –a
  –1 0 0 
olve
X = y, Y =  b Ges Z =  0 2 0  g¨vwUª·¸‡jv hw` ZX = Y

9 4 z   c  0 0 –3 
 A2+2A11I =  + 24
1 2
 110 1
1 0
8 17  3 mgxKiYwU wm× K‡i, Zvn‡j X = ? [CU-C3. 16-17]
9 + 2  11  4 + 4  0  0 0   –a
   –a  –a 
=
a
 8 + 8  0 17  6  11 = 0 0 A.  b/2 B. b/2 C.  –b/2 D. –b
–c/3  c/3   c/3  –c
CU –x –x –a
     
i 1 S A Sol n ZX =  2y ; ZX = Y   2y =  b
01. BA Gi gvb wbY©q Ki, hw` A =  Ges B = 1
1 i
olve
i 1
I
i  –3z  –3z   c 
i = 1 nq| [CU. 18-19] –x=–ax=a;
1 2  2y = b  y = b/2
A.     C. 0 1 D. 
i 1 1 1 0 2i
 i 1 B. 7 3 2 2i x  a 
i2  1 2i  2 – 3z = c  z = –c/3  X = y =  b/2
S D Sol n BA = 1 + i2 i  i =  2  2i
i+i
z  –c/3 
olve
2 5 1 3 12 –14 5 0 –1  
2 3
02. x-Gi gvb KZ n‡j,  
4 3 3 x 10 0 
= nq- [CU. 18-19] 08. hw` A = 2 1 3 I B = 3 0 nq, Z‡e AB = ? [CU-G. 16-17]
A. 0 B. 4 C. –4 D. 3
1 2
A. 12 10 B. 10 12 C. 12 13 D. 10 14
9 13 9 13 9 10 9 13
–14
S C Sol n 4 3  3 x = 10 0 
2 5 1 3 12
olve
10 + 0 – 1 15 + 0 – 2
S B Sol n AB =  4 + 3 + 3 6 + 0 + 6 = 10 12
9 13
12 –14
olve
ev,  4 + 9 12 + 3x = 10 0 

2 + 10 6 + 5x
1 1
12 –14 09. A =  n‡j (A2 –2I) Gi gvb nq-
ev, 13 12 + 3x = 10 0   12 + 3x = 0 ev, x = –4 2 3
12 6 + 5x [CU. 16-17]
3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4

1 0 0 1 2 3 A. 5 B.  C. 8 D. 
8 8 5  5 8 5
03. X = 0 1 0 Ges Y = 3 2 1 n‡j XY = KZ? [CU-C3. 16-17]
1
S D Sol A = n 1 
olve
0 0 1 2 1 3 2 3 
6 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1
A2 –2I = 2 – 2 0 1
1 0
A. 0 6 0 B. 0 2 0
0 0 6 0 0 3 3  2 3 
1 –4 2 0 3 4
C. Y D. †ei Kiv m¤¢e bq =  –
8 7  0 2  8 5 
=
S C Sol n X g¨vwUª·wU A‡f` e‡j XY = Y
olve
1 1
P =  n‡j P2 = ?
2 3
10.
04. M = 
2 0
Ges N = 0 x n‡j x-Gi gvb KZ n‡e MN = 0 0
0 0 0 0 [CU. 15-16]
0 0 1 4 1 4 1 4
A.  B.  C. 
8 7 8 7  7 8
[CU-C3. 16-17]
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3
1 4 1 4
D. †h‡Kv‡bv ev¯Íe msL¨v E. 4 D.   E.  
8 7  8 7
S D Sol n MN = 0 0 0 x = 0 0 x Gi gvb †h‡Kv‡bv ev¯Íe
2 0 0 0 0 0
1 1 1 1 1–2 1–3 1 4
S E Sol n P =2 3  2 3  = 2 + 6 – 2 + 9 =  8 7 
olve
2
olve
msL¨vi Rb¨ MN = 0 n‡e|

a 0 1 KU
11. hw` 3 2 5 = 4 nq, Z‡e ÔaÕ Gi gvb KZ?
01. A = 
[CU-A. 15-16] 1 2
4 0 3 4 3
Ges A2+2A  11x = 0 n‡j X Gi gvb KZ? [KU. 19-20]
A. 2 B. 3 C. 5
A.  0 11 B. 0 1 C. 0 2 D.  0 13
11 0 1 0 2 0 13 0
D. 6 E. 7
a 0 1
S B Sol n A = 4 3
1 2
S A Sol n 3 2 5 = 4
olve
olve
4 0 3 1 2   1 2   9 4 
 a(6 – 0) + 1(0 – 8) = 4  6a = 12  a = 2 A2 = A.A = 
4 3 4 3 8 17
=
12. 
1 2
9 4 
 A2 + 2A  11x = 0   1 2
2
3 4n‡j P = KZ? [CU-C3. 15-16]
–1 0 8 17 + 24 3  11x = 0
A. 
1 4
B.  9 4   2 4 
9 16  0 –4 
–1 22 8 17 + 8 6  11x = 0
C.  D. 
1 0
E. 
0 1
 3 4 0 4 4 0   0 11   11x = 0  x =
11 0 1 11 0 1 0
11 0 11 0 1
=
S D Sol n P = 
1 2
3 4 = 4 – 6 = –2
olve
02. A = 
1 2
4 3
Ges B = |2 3] n‡j Zv‡ì †hvMdj KZ? [KU. 12-13]
 P2 = 4 Ackb (D) n‡Z, 
1 0
0 4= 4 1 5  1 5
A.  B. 2 0 C. 
1 2
D. †hvM Kiv hv‡e bv
–3 2 4 3 2 0
13. A = 
3 7
2 5
Ges B =  4 –1 n‡j, g¨vwUª· C wbY©q Ki hv‡Z 5C +
S D Sol n A g¨vwUª‡·i gvÎv 2  2 Ges B g¨vwUª‡·i gvÎv 1  2 †h‡nZz
olve
2B = A nq| [CU. 14-15]
g¨vwUª·Ø‡qi gvÎv mgvb bq ZvB †hvM Kiv hv‡e bv|
–3 –7
A. –6 7 B. –6 7
1  9 3
C. 0 1 D. –2 –5
9 3 1 0
5 2
03. gvb wbY©q Ki- [4 5 6]  3  [KU. 09-10]
E. †Kv‡bvwUB bq 1
S A Sol n 5C + 2B = A ev, 5C = A – 2B
olve
8
–3 2 –6 4 C. 15 
= 2 5 – 2  4 –1 = 2 5 –  8 –2
3 7 3 7 A. [8 15  6] B. [17] D. [ 18 ]
6
= –6 7  C = –6 7 2
9 3 1 9 3
5 S B Sol [4 5 6]   3  = [8 + 15  6] = [17]
n
olve
14. S = 
–1 0 ,  =  i 0 n‡j S2 n‡eÑ 1
0 –1 0 i  [CU. 13-14]
A. S 2
B.  S 3 IU
01. 
C. –S D.  E. S 4 0   x   12 
–1  –2 3   y  =  3  n‡j x I y Gi gvb- [IU. 15-16]
S C Sol n S =  0 –1,  = 0 i 
0 i 0
olve
–3
A.   B.   C.   D.  
2 3 4
i2 0 –1 0 3 3 3 3
2 = . =  0 i2 =  0 –1
S C Sol n  –2 3   y  =  3 
4 0 x 12
olve
–1 0 –1 0 –1 0
 S2 =  0 –1  0 –1 =  0 1  = –  0 –1 = – S
1 0
 
4x   12 
 4x = 12  x = 3 Ges –2x + 3y = 3
–2x + 3y   3 
=
1 2 3 –1 –2 –3
15.  4 5 6  = –4 –5 –6 n‡j  Gi gvb n‡”Q
 –6 + 3y = 3  3y = 9  y = 3    =  
[CU. 08-09] x 3
7 8 9 –7 –8 –9 y 3
A. 1 B. –1
02. A =  , X =  , B   Ges AX = B n‡j (x, y) = ? [IU. 15-16]
0 1 x 1
C. 1 D. 0 E. c~e©eZ©x †KvbwUB bq 2 0 y 2
 1 2 3   –1 –2 –3 A. (0, 0) B. (1, 2) C. (2, 1) D. (1, 1)
S B Sol n  4 5 6 = –4 –5 –6 S D Sol n A = 2 0, X = y, B 2 Ges AX = B
olve
0 1 x 1
olve
7 8 9 –7 –8 –9
 1 2 3  1 2 3  AX = 2x = 2  y = 1 Ges 2x = 2  x = 1
y 1
ev,  4 5 6 = –1 4 5 6   = –1
7 8 9 7 8 9
 1 0 0  –1 0 0 STEP 02 ANALYSIS OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY QUESTION
16. S = 0 1 0  Avi  =  0 –1 0 n‡j S SUST
0 0 1  0 0 –1
A. = 2S B. >2S 01. 3  3 AvKv‡ii KY© g¨vwUª· A Gi KY© Dcv`vb¸wji ¸Ydj 2 2 n‡j
3
C. <S D. = –2S2 E. †Kv‡bvwUB bq |( 2I – A) | Gi gvb KZ? [SUST-A. 16-17]
 1 0 0   1 0 0  A. 2 2 B. 24 2 C. 12 2
S D Sol n S = 0 1 0  = – 0 1 0  S = 1,  = –1
olve
D. 0 E. –12 2
0 0 1 0 0 1 3 3
S D Sol n |( 2I – A) | = (2 2 – 2 2) = 0
olve
AZGe, s = –1 ev, 2s2 = 1  s = – 2s2

4 0 0  1 0 0
JUST
 A2 + 4I =  0 4 0  + 40 1 0  A2 +4I = 0
 
5
– 2  0 0 4 0 0 1
,B=
2 2 4
01. A =   3 5 n‡j, AB = ? [JUST-A. 19-20]
 
3 RUET
–1
2 4 6
01. hw` P =  Ges P  Q = 0 nq Z‡e g¨vwUª· Q KZ? [RUET. 14-15]
5
A. 0 B. 1 C. –1 D. 2 2 8 
 
5 16 2 16 2 
A. 0.5 B. 0.5 D. 
– 2
2 C. [0.5 2]
2  2 4  1 0 3 3 0.5
n A=
 
olve
,B=
S B Sol  3 5  ; AB =  0 1  = 1 n P GKwU 2  2 gvÎvi g¨vwUª· Ges P  Q g¨vwUª‡·i gvÎv
 
3
olve
–1 S A Sol
2
2  1 ;  Q g¨vwUª‡·i gvÎv n‡e 2  1.
4 –6x  4x – 6y 
awi, Q = y  PQ = 
PUST x
01. g¨vwUª· ¸Y‡bi †ÿ‡Î, wb‡Pi †KvbwU mZ¨? [PUST. 17-18]
 –2 8y = –2x + 8y
4x – 6y
kZ© n‡e, –2x + 8y = 0 ;
5
A. –1 (1 – 1) = (0 0) B. –1 (1 – 1) = 0
1 1 0
1 –1  4x – 6y = 5 .......... (i); – 2x + 8y = 0 ......... (ii)

C. –1 (1 – 1) = –1  1 (1 – 1) = (2)
1
.
1 –1 (i) & (ii) mgvavb K‡i cvB, x = 2; y = 0.5  Q = 0.5
D 2
1 1 1  (–1)
S C Sol n –1 (1 – 1) = (–1)  1 (–1)  (–1) = –1 1
1 1 –1
olve
STEP 04 ANALYSIS OF BOARD QUESTION

BSFMSTU 1
01. A = 
4 3
, B = 
4 2
[BSFMSTU. 19-20] 01. P = 
1 2 3 4 2
2 1 3 1
n‡j- 2 3 4 5 Ges Q = 3 n‡j PQ Gi µg KZ? [Kzwgjøv †evW©-2019]
4
(i) A – B = –1 0
0 1
(ii) AT = B (iii)AB  BA A. 1  2 B. 2  1 C. 4  1 D. 4  4
A. (i) I (ii) B. (ii) I (iii) n    
olve
S B Sol P 2 4 4 1 Q
C. (i) I (iii) D. (i), (ii) I (iii) =
PQ Gi AvKvi 2  1
S D Sol n A = 2 1 ; B = 3 1 ; A  B = 1 0
4 3 4 2 0 1
olve
0
02. P = [1 2 3] I Q = 1 n‡j PQ Gi gvbÑ [h‡kvi †evW©-2019]
AT = 3 1 = B, AB =  11 5  ; BA = 14 10
4 2 25 11 20 14
2
 AB  BA 0
A. [8] B. [1476] C. 2 D. [0 2 6]
STEP 03 ANALYSIS OF ENGINEERING & BUTex QUESTION 6 
0
BUET  
n PQ = [1 2 3] 1 = [8]
olve
S A Sol
 a h x 2
01. wZbwU g¨vwU· [x y]  Gi ¸Yd‡ji gvb n‡e-
h b y 2 3   4 5
[BUET. 12-13; RU. 17-18; CU. 13-14; BRU-E. 19-20] 03. A + B = 4 1 Ges A  B = 2 7 n‡j wb‡¤œ †KvbwU B g¨vwUª·?
A. [x2a+xyh xyh+y2b] B. [x2a+2xyh+y2b] [ewikvj †evW©-2019]
2
 x a + xyh 
C. xyh + y2b 2
D. [x a+xyh+2y b] 2
A. 
1 4   1 1  C. 2 6
6 2
D. 1 3
3 1
 3 4 B.  3 3
S B Sol n [x y] h b y = [ax + hy hx + by] y
a h x x 2 3
S A Sol n A + B – A + B = 4 1 – 2 7
4 5
olve
olve
=[ a x2 + hxy + hxy + b y2] = [x2a + 2xyh + y2b] 1 4

 2B =  6 –8  B =  6 –8 = 
–2 –8 1 –2 –8
KUET 2  3 4
04. A = 
3 1
, B =  , X =   Ges AX = B n‡j, (x, y) = KZ?
6 x
 0 0 2i 2 0 4 y
01. A =  0 2i 0 , n‡j A + 4I = ? (I GKwU GKK g¨vwUª·)
2
[iv.‡ev. 2017]
2i 0 0 
[KUET. 03-04]
A. (2, 0) B. (2, 2) C. (2, 4) D. (4, 3)
n AX = B
olve
A. 0 B. 1 C. –8i D. 8i S A Sol
 0 0 2i
 2 0 y = 4   2x  = 4
3 1 x 6 3x + y 6
S A Sol n A =  0 2i 0 
olve
2i 0 0  kZ©g‡Z, 2x = 4 x=2

 0 0 2i  0 0 2i 4 0 0  Ges 3x + y = 6
 A2 =  0 2i 0    0 2i 0  =  0 4 0  32+y=6 y=0
2i 0 0  2i 0 0   0 0 4  (x, y) = (2, 0)
CONCEPT 04  e¨wZµgx g¨vwUª· [Singular]
 †h g¨vwUª‡·i wbY©vq‡Ki gvb k~b¨ Zv‡K Singular ev e¨wZµgx g¨vwUª· e‡j|
m–2
:  2 m – 3 g¨vwUª·wU e¨wZµgx n‡e hw` m Gi gvb-
6
MODEL EXAMPLE-01 [DU. 11-12; BAU. 14-15; JU. 17-18]

(m – 2) (m –3) – 12 = 0  m2 – 2m – 3m + 6 – 12 = 0
gvb ewm‡q Ackb †U÷ Ki‡j mwVK Ans. cvIqv hvq|
 m2 – 5m – 6 = 0  m2 – 6m + m – 6 = 0 m = 6, – 1

a – 4 0 
Ans: 4, 2
01.  2 a + 2 g¨vwUª·wU e¨wZµgx n‡e hw` a Gi gvb-
S E Sol n –4 1 GKwU wm½yjvi g¨vwUª· ZvB wbY©vq‡Ki gvb k~b¨
STEP 01 ANALYSIS OF GENERAL UNIVERSITY QUESTION a 3
olve
DU  a + 12 = 0
m–2
01. 
6  a = –12
2 m – 3
g¨vwUª·wU e¨wZµgx n‡e hw` m Gi gvbÑ
[DU. 11-12; RU.17-18; DU-cÖhyw³: 19-20] KU
A. 6, –1 B. –4, 6 C. –6, 4 D. 1, –6 p4
01. 
7 
– p  5
g¨vwU·wU singular n‡e hw` P Gi gvb nq- [KU. 11-12]
S A Sol n  2 m – 3 = 0  m – 3m – 2m + 6 = 0
m 2 6 2 8
olve
A. 3, 12 B. 3, 12 C. 4, 5 D. 4, 5
 m2 – 5m – 6 = 0  (m – 6) (m + 1) = 0  m = 6, 1 –
S A Sol n  8 p – 5 g¨vwUª·wU singular ZvB wbY©vq‡Ki gvb k~b¨
p 4 7
olve
p4
02. 
8 
p + 2
g¨vwUª·wU e¨wZµgx n‡e hw` p Gi gvb-
2  (p – 4) (p – 5) – 56 = 0  p2 – 4p – 5p + 20 – 56 = 0
[DU. 09-10, 07-08, 05-06; RU. 17-18; BSMRSTU-B. 19-20]  p2 – 9p – 36 = 0  p2 – 12p + 3p – 36 = 0
A. 4, 6 B. 6, 4 C. 4, 6 D. 6, 4
 p(p – 12) + 3(p – 12) = 0  (p – 12) (p + 3) = 0
S A Sol n g¨vwUª·wU e¨wZµgx e‡j, (p  4) (p + 2)  16 = 0
olve
 p = 12, –3
 p2  2p  24 = 0  (p  6) (p + 4) = 0  p = 6, 4
IU
JU
01. k Gi †Kvb gv‡bi Rb¨ 
k 2 
 g¨vwUª·wU GKwU e¨wZµgx g¨vwUª·-
01. hw` 
β  2 1 
 0 n‡j,  Gi gvb †KvbwU? 8 k k
 [JU-A. 19-20]
  5 β  4
[IU-D. 19-20]
A. 5 or 0 B. 6 or 2 C. 5 or –3 D. 1 or –3 A. –4 B. 4 C. 2 D.  4
S D Sol n e¨wZµgx g¨vwUª‡·i wbY©q‡Ki gvb k~b¨
olve
  – 2 1 
S D Sol n  –5  + 4  = 0   + 4 – 2 – 8 + 5 = 0
2
olve
 k  (k k) – 16 = 0
  + 2 – 3 = 0   + 3 –  – 3 = 0
2 2
 k2 – 16 = 0
  ( + 3) – 1( + 3) = 0   = 1, – 3 k = 4
02. wb‡Pi †KvbwU Ae¨wZµgx g¨vwUª·? [JU-H. 19-20] 02. Singular Matrix Gi Rb¨ cÖ‡hvR¨- [IU. 17-18]
 2 1  –4 4  2 –1  1 1 –2 4 
A. A =      
5 3 5 3 2 4
A. 8 4 B. –5 5 C. 4 5 D. 0 0
3 1  B. A = 3 3  C. A = 3 6  D. A = –3 4 
S C Sol n GLv‡b, C Ack‡bi g¨vwUª·wU Ae¨wZµgx KviY D³
olve
S C Sol n singular Matrix Gi wbY©vq‡Ki gvb k~b¨|

olve
g¨vwUª‡·i wbY©vq‡Ki gvb (10 + 4) = 14  0 a3

03. 
5 
4
g¨vwUª·wU e¨wZµgx n‡j a Gi gvb n‡e-
 x + 3 2 [IU. 16-17]
03. x Gi gvb KZ n‡j  g¨vwUª·wU e¨wZµgx n‡e? 4 a 
x
[JU. 17-18]
5 A. –8, 1 B. 4, –1 C. 8, –1 D. 5, 4
A. 2, 5 B. –2, 5 C. –2, –5 D. 2, –5 –
S C Sol n  4 a – 4 g¨vwUª·wU e¨wZµg©x e‡j wbY©vq‡Ki gvb k~b¨|
a 3 5
olve
S D Sol n g¨vwUª·wU e¨wZµgx e‡j, (x + 3) (x)  10 = 0

olve
 x2 + 3x  10 = 0  (x + 5) (x – 2) = 0  x = 2, 5  (a – 3) (a – 4) – 20 = 0  a2 – 7a – 8 = 0
 a2 – 8a + a – 8 = 0  (a – 8) (a + 1) = 0  a = 8, –1
CU
5 + k –2
04.  GKwU e¨wZµgx g¨vwUª· n‡j k Gi gvb n‡eÑ
 a 3 –4 –8
[IU. 14-15]
01.   GKwU wm½yjvi g¨vwUª· n‡j ‘a’ Gi gvb KZ? [CU. 15-16]
A. –6 B. –4 C. –7 D. 6
  4 1 n g¨vwUª· e¨wZµgx n‡j Matrix Gi wbY©q‡Ki gvb k~b¨
olve
A. 0 B. 1 C. –1 S A Sol
D. 12 E. –12  (5 + k).(–8) – 8 = 0  k = –6  k = –6
S B Sol 2(9x – 50) + 4(27 + 25) + 6(–30 – 5x) = 0
n
olve
STEP 04 ANALYSIS OF BOARD QUESTION
 –12x – 72 = 0
01. k Gi gvb KZ n‡j, 
3 6
5 k
g¨vwUª·wU e¨wZµgx n‡e? [w`bvRcyi †evW©-2019]  –12x = 72  x = –6
A. 10
03. 
B. 0 C. 3 D. 10 p+1 6
n 3k – 30 = 0  k = 10 4  8
g¨vwUª·wU e¨wZµgx n‡j p Gi gvbÑ [mKj †evW©-2018]
olve
S D Sol
A. 8 B. 4
2 4 6  C. 4 D. 6
02. 3 x 5 = 0 n‡j, x-Gi gvb †KvbwU? [w`bvRcyi †evW©-2019]
5 10 9 
n (p + 1) (–8) – 24 = 0
olve
S B Sol
A. 4 B. 6 C. 5 D. 6  – 8p = 32 p=–4
CONCEPT 05  Adjoint g¨vwUª· Ges wecixZ g¨vwUª·

 Adjoint g¨vwU·: †Kvb eM© g¨vwUª· A Gi wbY©vqK |A| Gi mn¸YK Øviv MwVZ g¨vwUª‡·i (fzw³¸‡jvi µg Abymv‡i) Transpose g¨vwUª·‡K cÖ`Ë g¨vwUª· A Gi
Adjoint matrix ejv nq| GwU‡K m~wPZ Kiv nq Adj (A)
A = c
a b
d g¨vwUª· Gi AbyeÜx g¨vwUª· ev adjoint of A / Adj (A) = cÖvBgvwi K‡Y©i Dcv`vb¸‡jvi ¯’vb cwieZ©b Ges †m‡KÛvwi K‡Y©i Dcv`vb¸‡jvi
–b
wPý cwieZ©b Ki‡j hv cvIqv hvq ZvB Adjoint  Adjoint of A = –c
d
a
1 1 d –b
A g¨vwUª‡·i wecixZ ev Inverse g¨vwUª· =
ad – bc –c a
Adj (A) =
Det (A)
Note: mKj g¨vwUª‡·i wecixZ g¨vwUª· _v‡K bv| Inverse g¨vwUª· _vKvi kZ© `ywU:
(i) g¨vwUª·wU Aek¨B eM© g¨vwUª· n‡Z n‡e| (ii) g¨vwUª·wUi wbY©vq‡Ki gvb k~b¨ nIqv hv‡e bv|
: hw` A = 3
1 2
MODEL EXAMPLE-01
4
nq Z‡e A–1 = ? [DU. 06-07; RU. 15-16; JnU. 06-07; CU. 13 -14]

Det (A) = 4 – 6 = – 2
By Using Tricks,
Gi mn¸YK¸wj n‡”Q, A11 = 4, A12 = – 3, A21 = – 2, A22 = 1
1 4 –2  A–1 =
1 1 d –b = – 1 4 –2
A =–1 1
Adj(A) = – –3 A
Adj(A) =
ad – bc –c a  2 –3 1
A 2 1
MODEL EXAMPLE-02 : 
k k 2
 2 GKwU ev¯Íe g¨vwUª·| k Gi †Kvb gv‡bi Rb¨ g¨vwUª·wUi wecixZ g¨vwUª· cvIqv hv‡e bv?
k
[KUET. 12-13; SUST. 17-18]
wecixZ g¨vwUª· bv _vK‡j |A| = 0
 k.k – 4 = 0  k2 = 4  k = 2
MODEL EXAMPLE-03: `ywU g¨vwUª· A Ges B †`qv Av‡Q| AB I BA Gi g‡a¨ †Kvb m¤úK© _vK‡j Zv wbY©q Ki| B–1 †K x I A Gi gva¨‡g cÖKvk
Ki| [BUET. 19-20]
 3x –4x 2x  x 2x –2x

A = –2x x 0 Ges B = 2x 5x –4x
 –x –x x 3x 7x –5x
2
 3x –4x 2x  x 2x –2x  3 –4 2 1 2 –2 2 1 0 0 x 02 0 
AB = –2x x 0 2x 5x –4x = x –2 1 0 . x 2 5 –4 = x 0 1 0 =  0 x 0 
 –x –x x 3x 7x –5x –1 –1 1  3 7 –5 0 0 1  0 0 x2
2
x 0 0 
Abyiƒcfv‡e, BA =  0 x2 0   AB = BA  AB = x2I
0 0 x2
x 
3 4
– 2
x
A  2 
x
1
 AB = x2BB1  B1 = = –x 0
 1 
2 x
x 1
– x 
1
– x
x
3 4 –1
MODEL EXAMPLE-04 : A = 1 0 3  n‡j A–1 = ? [Ref-†KZve DwÏb]
2 5 –4
3 4 –1
A = 1 0 3 
2 5 –4
 A = 3(0 – 15) – 4(–4 – 6) – 1(5 – 0) = –45 + 40 – 5 = – 10
A Gi mn¸YK¸wj n‡”Q,
a b c
n‡j A–1 Gi 1st Element = A y
1 q r
A11 = 
0 3  1 3  A = p q r
5 –4 = –15; A12 = – 2 –4 = 10 z
x y z
–1
A13 = 
0
A21 = – 
1 4 –1
2 5 = 5; 5 –4 = 11 3 4
Zvn‡j A = 1 3  Gi wecixZ g¨vwUª‡·i 1g Element
0
–1 2 –4
A22 =   3 4
3 5
2 –4 = – 10; A23 = – 2 5 = –7
n‡e= A y z = –10 5 –4 = 2
1 q r 1 0 3 3
–1 3 –1
A31 = 
4
0 3  = 12; A32 = – 1 3  = – 10
A33 = 
3 4
1 0 = – 4 Then Option Test:
3
–15 5 T  †h Option Gi 1st element ZvB (Ans.)
1 
10 2
1
–10  
–1
A = Adj(A) = 11 –10 –7
A 12 –10 –4
–15 3/2 –11/10 –6/5
1 
11 12
=
–10  10 –10 –10 = –1 1 1  (Ans.)
5 –7 –4  –1/2 7/10 2/5
cos a  sin a
MODEL EXAMPLE-05: A =  nq, Zvn‡j a Gi gvb KZ n‡j, |A + A–1| = 1 n‡e?
sin a cos a 
[RU. 19-20]
GENERAL RULES
cos a  sin a
A =  sin a ; A–1 = cos2a + sin2a – sin a cos a = – sin a cos a
1 cos a sin a cos a sin a
cos a 
cos a  sin a  cos a sin a  2cos a
 A + A–1 =  sin a
0  –1
2cos a = 4cos a  |A + A | = 4cos a
2 2
cos a  – sin a cos a  0
+ =
 
 1 = 4cos2a  2cos a = 1; a =  a Gi gvb n‡j |A + A–1| = 1 n‡e|
3 3
2 2 2   5/6 1/3 0 
01. A = 2 5 5  n‡j A–1 = ? Ans: 1/3 1/2 1/6
2 5 11  0 1/6 1/6 
2 1 
02. A = 3 4 n‡j, A1 = ?
1 2
Ans:  3 1
 2 2
2 3 1 1 3
03. hw` A = 4 1
 1 nq, Z‡e A = ? Ans:
10 4 2

S D Sol n
olve
STEP 01 ANALYSIS OF GENERAL UNIVERSITY QUESTION

DU  a b 1  d  b 
if A    then A 1   ; ad  bc  0.
2  c d ad  bc   c a  
01. hw` A = 
1 
3/2 1/2
nq, Z‡e A1 mgvb- [DU. 10-11; BRU-D. 19-20]
1   1/ 2  1  1 2
 A 1    
A. 2 4 B. 0 1 C. 1 2 D. 3 4
1 3 1 0 3 4 1 2
1  3 / 2   3 / 2  2   3 4 
1 1 2 1 1 2
02. A =  S B Sol n A = 5 + 6 3 5  = 11 3 5 
7 6
n‡j A1 = ? 1
olve
8 7
[DU. 08-09]
7 6  7 8 7 6 7 8 
A.   B.   C.   D. 
8 7 6 7 8 7 6 7 RU
01.  
4 2
1  7  6  7  6
1
S C Sol n  A  49  48   8 7     8 7  3 2  -Gi wecixZ g¨vwUª· †KvbwU? [RU. 17-18]
olve
   
1 –1  –1 – 3  2 –1  3 2 
03. hw` A =   1 2
nq Z‡e A –1 A.  3  B.  2  C.  3  D. 2 
3 4 – 2 2  2 1  – 2 1  –1 1 
[DU. 06-07; RU. 15-16, 12-13,18-19; JnU. 06-07]
S A Sol n A = 3 2
4 2
1 4 –3 1 4 –2 1 4 –3 1 4 –2
A. –2 1 B. –3 1 C. – –2 1 D. – –3 1
olve
2 2 2 2 1 1  2 –2 1  2 –2
 A–1 =
– 6 –3 4 = 2 –3 4
adj(A) =
S D Sol n A = 3 4
1 2 Det(A) 8
olve
1 1  4 –2 1  4 –2  1 –1

 A–1 = – = 3 
4 – 6 –3 1 2 –3 1
adj(A) = =
Det(A) – 2 2
02. 
JnU 3 2
2 1
Gi wecixZ g¨vwUª· †KvbwU? [RU. 16-17; CU. 15-16]
01. hw` A =  
9 4 –3 2 1 –2 –1 2
A.  2 –1 B. 2 2 C. –2 3 D.  2 –3
1 3
 6 3  nq, Z‡e A(AdjA) = ?, †hLv‡b Adj A n‡jv A Gi
mnvqK (adjoint) g¨vwUª·| 1 1 2 1 –2 –1 2
S D Sol n A = 3 – 4  2 3  = – –2 3 =  2 –3
[JnU. 17-18] –1
olve
–4
A.     C.   D.  
3 3 0 3 4 1 0
 –6 9  B.  0 3   –6 9   0 1 03. A = 
3 1
n‡j, A Gi wecixZ g¨vwUª· †KvbwU?
9 3
[RU-C. 16-17]
n Adj(A) = 
3 –4 
3 –1 –3 1 3 –9
olve
A. –9 3 B.  9 –3 C. –1 –3

S B Sol  6 9  D. wbY©q‡hvM¨ bq
 9 4   3 –4   3 0 
–b
 A.Adj(A) =
S D Sol n A = c d n‡j, A = ad – bc –c a
a b 1 d
 6 3   –6 9  =  0 3  –1
olve
1 2
02. M =  n‡j M–1 mgvb KZ?  A–1 =
1  3 –1
3 5  , hv wbY©q‡hvM¨ bq|
[JnU. 16-17]
9 – 9 –9 3
5 2 5 2  1 3 
A. 3 1 B.  04. 
cos sin 
5 2
3 1 C.  3 1 D.  2 5 sin cos Gi wecixZ g¨vwUª·- [RU. 15-16; DU. 13-14]
1 –2
S B Sol n M = –3 5
cos sin cos sin 
A.  B. 
olve
sin cos   sin cos

1 1 5 2 –5 –2 cos sin
C.  D. 
 M–1 = cos sin 
5 – 6 3 1 –3 –1
adj(M) = =
Det(M)  sin cos   sin cos
03. †Kvb g¨vwUª·wUi wecixZ g¨vwUª· †bB- S C Sol n
olve
[JnU. 12-13; RU. 16-17]

2
A. 1 2 B. 4 2 C. 1 4 D. 4 
2 1 2 1 3 2 2
4  wecixZ g¨vwUª· =
1 cos sin = cos sin
2  sin cos   sin cos 
cos  + sin 
2
S B Sol n Singular matrix does not have any inverse matrix.

olve
CU
JU
1 –2
 1  3 01. M =  Gi wecixZ g¨vwUª· bv _vK‡j x Gi gvb KZ?
01. A   1
n‡j, A KZ? x 4
 [JU. 18-19; JnU. 14-15]
[CU. 19-20, 16-17]
2 4
A. 2 B. 1 C. –2 D. –1
A. 
3 
B. 2
1 4 1 1 3 1 –2
2  2  1  4 S C Sol n M = x 4 Gi wecixZ g¨vwUª· bv _vK‡j g¨vwUª·wUi
olve
2
wbY©vq‡Ki gvb k~b¨
C. 
1 4 2  1  4 3 
2  3  1 D.
10  2  1  4 + 2x = 0; x = – 2
2 3 
02. g‡b Ki A =  Ges B = 2 1 . A = B–1 n‡j x = KZ?
–1 –3 x 3/2
S A Sol n A =  2 4 4 5
olve
[CU. 17-18]
1 1  4 3 1  4 3
 A–1 = 5 2 2
– 4 + 6 –2 –1 2 –2 –1
adj(A) = = A. B. 1 C. D.
Det(A)
2 3 5
 5 2  1 –3
 
02. A =  n‡j A Gi gvb- 1
3 1
[JU. 15-16; JnU. 07-08]
 –
3
x – 3 2 (x – 3)
 
n B–1 = 1
1
1 3 1 1 1 2  2 =
olve
S A Sol x – 3 –2
 
A. 1
2 11 3 5 
B. x
5  –2 x 
x–3 x–3
1 1 2  1 1 2
C.  D. 3 1
†h‡nZz A = B–1; †m‡nZz –2 = x – 3 ev, x = 2
5
11  5 3 3  1
2 –3
[CU. 17-18] 02. A = 
4 7
03. hw` A =  nq, Z‡e A–1 †KvbwU? –5 –9 n‡j (A ) KZ?
T –1
4 –1
[JKKNIU. 17-18]
–1 –3 3 –1 1 –1 3 9 –5 –9 5 9 –5
A. –4 2 B. 2 –4 C. 0 1 A. 7 –4 B. –7 4 C. –7 4 D. 7 4
1 0 9 5
D.
10 –4 2
4 –5
S A Sol n A = –5 –9  A = 7 –9
–1 3 1 –1 3
S D Sol n GLv‡b, A = 2(–1) – (–3).4 –4 2 = 10 –4 2
–1 1 4 7 T
olve
olve
5 3 2 (AT)–1 =
1 –9 5 = 9 –5
04. If A = 0 4 1 then |A| = KZ? [CU-I. 16-17] –36 + 35 –7 4 7 –4
0 0 3
A. 30 B. 40 C. 50 D. 60 E. 66 STEP 02 ANALYSIS OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY QUESTION
S D Sol n |A| = 5(12 – 0) + 0 + 0 = 60 SUST
olve
  01.   GKwU ev¯Íe g¨vwUª·| k Gi †Kvb gv‡bi Rb¨ g¨vwUª·wUi

3 0 0 kk 2
05. X = 4 4 6 , P Gi gvb KZ n‡j X g¨vwUª‡·i wecixZ g¨vwUª· †ei  2 k 
7 2 p wecixZ g¨vwUª· cvIqv hv‡e bv? [SUST. 17-18]
Kiv hv‡e bv? [CU-C3. 16-17] A. –2 B. 2 C.  2
A. 0 B. 2 C. 3 D. –3 E. 7 D. 2 E. – 2
S C Sol n g¨vwUª·wUi wecixZ g¨vwUª· cvIqv hv‡e bv hw` g¨vwUª·wUi
olve
S C Sol n g¨vwUª‡·i wbY©vq‡Ki gvb k~b¨ n‡j wecixZ g¨vwUª· cvIqv
olve
wbY©vq‡Ki gvb k~Y¨ nq| 3(4p – 12) = 0  p = 3
hvq bv|  
kk 2 
= 0 ev, k2 – 4 = 0 ev k =  2

06. 
a b
Gi gvbÑ  2 k 
c –d
[CU-C3. 16-17]
02. 3  3 AvKv‡ii GKwU KY© g¨vwUª· D Gi Rb¨ |D| = 20 n‡j |(2D)–1| Gi
A. ad – bc B. bc – ad C. bc + ad
D. †bB E. 0 gvb KZ? [SUST. 15-16]
1 1 1
S D Sol n c –d = – ad – bc
a b A. B. C.
olve
100 40 10
1 –2 4 1 1
07. M = –  n‡j M–1 = KZ? D. – E. –
2 –1 3 160 40
[CU-C3. 16-17]
3 –4 –4 –3 1
A. 1 –2 B. –2 1 C. 1 2
–1 –1
3 4 S A Sol n |D| = 20 n‡j |(2D) | = (2  2  2  20) = 160
olve
1 –3 1  x –1 –1
D. 3 4 E. – –4 2
1 2
2 03. x Gi †Kvb gvb¸wji Rb¨  0 x –3 g¨vwUª‡·i †Kvb wecixZ
1 –2 4 1 –2  x – 4 –1 1
S A Sol n M = 2 –1 3 = 1/2 –3/2 g¨vwUª· cvIqv hv‡e bv|
olve
[SUST. 15-16]
1 –3/2 2 3 –4 A . 6, – 2 B . –6, –2 C . –6, 2

 M–1 =
–3/2 + 1 –1/2 1 1 –2 D. –6, 2
= E. 6, 4
a –b  x –1 –1  x –1 –1
08. hw` A =  nq, Z‡e –1
KZ?  –3    0 x –3 = 0
c d
A = n
olve
[CU. 15-16] S A Sol 0 x = 0

A. ad – bc B. ad + bc
 x – 4 –1 1  –4 0 1
1  a b 1  a b 1  d b  x(x) – 4(3 + x) = 0  x – 4x – 12 = 0
2
C.
ad – bc –c d
D . ad – bc –c d
E.
ad + bc –c a  x2 – 6x + 2x – 12 = 0  x(x – 6) + 2(x – 6) = 0
a –b  (x – 6) (x + 2) = 0  x = 6, –2
S E Sol n A = c d   A = ad + bc –c a
–1 1 d b
2 –1
04. X = 
olve
3 –1
n‡j x–1 = ? [SUST. 14-15]
–2 –1 1 –1 1
A.  3 1 B. –3 2
IU
5
01. A = 
8 4
 n‡j Adj(A) n‡e- [IU. 14-15] –1 1
C. –1 –1 D. –3 2
3 2 2 3
E. AmsÁvwqZ
2 4 8 3 
A. 3 2 B. 3 8 C. 
8 4 2 4
3 8   4 2
D. –1 1 –1 1
S D Sol n x = –2 + 3 –3 2 = –3 2
–1 1
olve
–4
S C Sol n Adj(A) = –3 8 
2
olve
MBSTU
 + 4 6
01. g¨vwUª· A = 
JKKNIU
3
Gi wecixZ g¨vwUª· _vK‡e bv, hw`  Gi gvb
01. wb‡¤œi †Kvb g¨vwUª‡·i wecixZ †bB? [JKKNIU. 19-20] 4
–2 –3 1 nq-
A. 1 6 B. –1 6 C. 3 2 D.  2 4
2 4 4 6 4 [MBSTU-C. 19-20]
A. 0 B. 4 C. 4 D. 12
S C Sol n wecixZ g¨vwUª· _vKvi kZ©: S B Sol wbY©vq‡Ki gvb k~b¨ n‡j wecixZ g¨vwUª· _vK‡e bv|
n
olve
olve
i) eM© g¨vwUª· n‡Z n‡e| ii) g¨vwUª‡·i wbY©vq‡Ki gvb k~b¨ nIqv hv‡e bv|  ( + 4)3  24 = 0 n‡j wecixZ g¨vwUª· _vK‡e bv|
6 4 g¨vwUª‡·i wbY©vq‡Ki gvb k~b¨ ZvB wecixZ g¨vwUª· wbY©q Kiv hv‡e bv|  3 + 12  24 = 0 ;  =
12
3 2 3
=4
7
04. B = 
STEP 03 ANALYSIS OF ENGINEERING & BUTex QUESTION 2
1 n‡j B1 †KvbwU? [Kzwgjøv †evW©-2019]
4
RUET 4 4 7 4 1 2 1
A. 
7
B. 1 C. 7 D. 7
1
01. A wbY©q Ki: A =  1 4  12  2   2   4
2 6
[RUET. 13-14]
4 7
S B Sol n B = Det(B) Adj (B) = –8 + 7 –1 2 = 1 2
–1 1 1 7 4
1 6 4
olve
1  6 4
A. 
14 2 1
B. 
14 2 1  05. wb‡Pi DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K a Ges b bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: [PÆMÖvg †evW©-2019]
1 6 4 x 0 0
C. 
14 2 1
D. None
 3 2
A = 2 , D = 2 4 1
2
3 2 0
S D Sol n A = 2 6
1 4
olve
(a) x Gi †Kvb gv‡bi Rb¨ |A| = D n‡e?

1 6 4 1 6 4 1 6 4  A. 5 B. 1 C. 1 D. 5
 A1 =
  14 2 1  14 2 1
= =
|A| 2 1 S D Sol n |A| = 6 – (–4) = 10
olve
STEP 04 ANALYSIS OF BOARD QUESTION x 0 0 
kZ©g‡Z, D = 2 4 1 = 10  x (0 + 2) = 10  x = 5
2 1 3 2 0
01. A =  1
5 3 n‡j, wb‡Pi †KvbwUi gvb A ? [XvKv †evW©-2019] 1
(b) A = ?
3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1  1  2 2 1 2 2
   
  B. 2
3
A.  A.
5 2 5 2 5 2 5 2
B. C. D. 2 3
10 10
3 1
S C Sol n A = Det(A) Adj (A) = –6 + 5 –5 2 = 5 2
–3 1 1  3 2 2 3
D. 
–1 1 1
olve
10 2 2 2 2
C.
 2 0 0  –1 1
02. A = 0 3 0 Gi A1 †KvbwU? [ivRkvnx †evW©-2019] S A Sol n A = Det(A) Adj(A)
olve
0 0 4 1  2 2 = 1  2 2
 1 0 0 =
– 2 3 10 2 3
1 0 3 0 2 0 0
2 0 0 6 (–4)
1
B.   C. 24 0 3 0 D. 0 3 1 2 1 0
06. A = 
A. s 0
2 0 0 24 0 0 4 0 0 4  , s  IR Ges s  0 n‡j, A1 †KvbwU? [Kz.‡ev. 2017]
0 3 0 0 0 4 0 s
0 0 4  0
1  1 0   1 0   1
0
A.  s s  B.  s 1 C.  s  1 D.  s
1 0 0  s
 0   0 s  s  
1  0 8 0 2 1 0
12 0 0 0 0
1 d b
n A1 =
  = S B Sol n c d Gi wecixZ g¨vwUª·, ad  bc c a 
a b
olve
S D Sol Adj (A) = 1

24  0 0 6 0 3 1
olve
Det(A)
0 0 4
1  s 0  s 1
1 0
03. A =   n‡j Adj(A) = ?
2 3
  s 0
 
4 1
[h‡kvi †evW© - 2019] Gi wecixZ g¨vwUª · ,
0 s  s2 0 s  0 s
=
A. 4 2 B. 3 1

1 3 2 4
07. hw` I3 GKwU wZb µ‡gi g¨vwUª· nq Z‡e (I3)1 = ? [e.‡ev. 2017]
1 3 1 3 
C.  D. 
1
A. 1 B . I3 C. I3 D. 3I3
4 2  4 2 3
1 1
1 3 S B Sol n AB = 1 n‡j, A = B ev B = A
S C Sol n A = 4 1 Adj(A) = 4 2 
olve
2 3
olve
1
GLb, I3.I3 = I3  (I3) = I3
MCQ CONCEPT TEST: TEST YOUR SKILL WRITTEN

 1 i  i  1 7 6
01. A =  , B =  1  i  Ges i =  1 n‡j AB Gi gvb n‡e- 03. A =   n‡j A1 = ?
 i 1    8 7 
1 0  0 0   7 6   7  8  7  6  7 8 
A.  A.   B.   C.   D.  
 B.    8  7  6 7   8 7   6  7
0 1  0 0 
 2  3
 i 0 i 1 04. hw` A    nq, Z‡e A2 mgvb-
C.   D.   3 2 
0 i  1 i 
  5 12   5  12 
 2 1  nq, Z‡e A1 mgvb- A.   B.  
02. hw` A   
  12 5    12 5 
3 / 2 1/ 2
  5 12    5  12 
A. 
1 3
 B.  1 0  C.  3 4  D.  1 2  C.   D.  
2 4
  0 1 1 2

3 4
  12  5   12  5 
1 0 5 0 ●● OMR SHEET ●●
05. hw` A    , B    nq, ZLb AB nq-
0 5 2 1  01. A B C D 06. A B C D 11. A B C D
5 0 5 0 6 0 8 1 02. A B C D 07. A B C D 12. A B C D
A.   B.  
C.   D.  
 2 5 10 5 
 2 6 12 5  03. A B C D 08. A B C D 13. A B C D
06. hw` A GKwU 7  5 gvÎvi Ges B GKwU 5  2 gvÎvi g¨vwUª· nq, Z‡e 04. A B C D 09. A B C D 14. A B C D
BA-Gi gvÎv KZ n‡e?
05. A B C D 10. A B C D 15. A B C D
A. 2  2 B. 5  5 C. 2  5 D. 5  2

07.  cosθ sinθ 
 Gi wecixZ g¨vwUª·- [WRITTEN]
 sinθ cosθ 
2x
16. ‘x’ Gi †Kvb gv‡bi R‡b¨ 
13 
A.  sinθ
cosθ sinθ  B. 
cosθ sinθ  10  x
g¨vwUª·wU e¨wZµgx g¨vwUª· n‡e?
cosθ  cosθ 
5
  sinθ
C. 
cos θ sinθ  D. 
cos θ sinθ   0 0 2i
 sin θ cosθ   sin θ cosθ  17. A =  0  2i 0  n‡j †`LvI †h, A2 + 4I = 0 †hLv‡b I GKwU GKK
2i 0 0 
m  2 6 
08.   g¨vwUª·wU e¨wZµgx n‡e hw` m Gi gvb- g¨vwUª·|
 2 m  3 
4  6
A. 6, 1 B. 4, 6 C. 6, 4 D. 1, 6 18. P =  Ges P  Q = 0 nq Z‡e Q = ?
5
p  4 8  2 8 
09.   g¨vwUª·wU e¨wZµgx n‡e hw` p Gi gvb-
 2 p  2 
19. A1 wbY©q Ki A = 
1 4 
A. 4, 6 B. 6 C. 4, 6 D. 6, 4 2  6
1 2
10. hw` A =   nq Z‡e A1 = ? m – 2 6  g¨vwUª·wU e¨wZµgx n‡e hw` m Gi gvb-
3 4 20.  2 m – 3
1  4  3 1  4  2
A.   B.  
2   2 1  2   3 1  MCQ ANSWER ANALYSIS WRITTEN
1  4  3 1  4  2
C.    D.   
2  2 1  2   3 1  S.L Ans MCQ
01 B Hints: See Concept-03
 5 2
11. A    n‡j A1 Gi gvb- 02 D Hints: See Concept-05
  3 1  03 C Hints: See Concept-05
1  3  1 1 1  2 04 D Hints: See Concept-03
A.   B.  
5  1 2  11  3 5  05 B Hints: See Concept-03
1  1 2  1 1  2 06 B Hints: See Concept-01
C.    D.  
11  5  3  3  3  1 
07 C Hints: See Concept-05
08 A Hints: See Concept-04
2 3  x 3
2
12. g‡b Ki A   09 A Hints: See Concept-04
 Ges B    , A = B–1 n‡j x = KZ?
 4
  5 2 1  10 D Hints: See Concept-05
5 2 2 11 B Hints: See Concept-05
A. B. 1 C. D. 12 A Hints: See Concept-05
2 3 5
13 D Hints: See Concept-05
 2 5
13. g¨vwUª· p    Gi p–1 nq- 14 C Hints: See Concept-01
 3 8  15 B Hints: See Concept-01
 8  5  8 5   8  5  8  5 x = 15, 3; Hints: g¨vwUª· Concept-04
A.   B.   C.   D.   16
3  2 3 2  3 2  3 2  17 Hints: g¨vwUª·, Concept-03
14. A, B, C g¨vwUª· Mywji gvÎv h_vµ‡g 4  5, 5  4, 4  2 n‡j 18 2 4  6 x 5
Q = 1 ; Hints: awi, Q = y  
x
(AT + B)C Gi gvÎv n‡e- 
 2 8  y 0
=
A. 4  5 B. 5  4 C. 5  2 D. 4  2 2
8 4 mgxKiY K‡i Zvi †_‡K x I y Gi gvb †ei Ki‡ev
15. A   n‡j Adj(A) n‡e-
3 2 Hints: See concept-03
19 1 6 4 
8 4  2 4  2  4 8 3  ; Hints: g¨vwUª·, Concept-5
A.   B.   C.   D.   14 2  1
3 2 3 8 3 8   4  2 20 m = 6, – 1; Hints: g¨vwUª·, Concept-4

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ASPECT MATH cÖ_g cÎ  g¨vwUª· I wbY©vqK (1g Ask: g¨vwUª·) 25

π   g¨vwUª· I wbY©vqK cÖ_g cÎ 

CONCEPT 01  g¨vwUª‡·i cÖKvi‡f` [Classification of Matrix]; gvÎv/ µg I gvb wbY©q msµvšÍ

MODEL EXAMPLE-02: A = 2  3 Ges B = 3  4 n‡j, AB Gi gvÎv KZ?

GENERAL RULES & TIPS

MODEL EXAMPLE-08 : Matrix 

GENERAL RULES & TIPS

GENERAL RULES & TIPS ASPECT SUPER TRICKS

MCQ & SAQ NOW PRACTICE WRITTEN

 REAL TEST ANALYSIS OF PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS 

3 –4 GLv‡b DwjøwLZ g¨vwUª· Gi order S B Sol

n g¨vwUª‡·i mvwi¸‡jv‡K Kjv‡g Ges Kjvg¸‡jvi mvwi‡Z

A I B Gi g‡a¨ B Gi gvb k~b¨ ZvB B g¨vwUª·wUB e¨wZµgx g¨vwUª·| [RU. 15-16]

07. a23 a22 a2n  GB g¨vwUª·wU †Kvb cÖK…wZ? [JU. 09-10]

= n Ges g¨vwUª‡·i Kjv‡gi msL¨v = n  eM© g¨vwUª·|  1 2 + i 1 + 3i

n †h eM© g¨vwUª‡·i wbY©vq‡Ki gvb Ak~b¨ Zv‡K e‡j Ae¨wZµgx S B Sol

A. 0 B. 1 C. 2 D. 4  QP g¨vwUª‡·i AvKvi (3  4) (2  3) [hv A¸Yb‡hvM¨]

 a –3 0 (iii) aij = 0, i < j

S B Sol i. (Diagonal Matrix) :

CONCEPT 02  g¨vwUª‡·i •ewkó¨ [Properties of Matrics]

MODEL EXAMPLE-02 : I A‡f`K g¨vwUª· n‡j B g¨vwUª· wbY©q Ki : 

 REAL TEST ANALYSIS OF PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS 

S C Sol n awi, A = 0 1  A = 0 1 = A

CONCEPT 03  g¨vwUª‡·i †hvM, we‡qvM, ¸Y I mgZv

GENERAL RULES & TIPS

MODEL EXAMPLE-05 : hw` A = 

GENERAL RULES & TIPS

MODEL EXAMPLE-06 : hw` A =  Ges A2 = 2  – 3

GENERAL RULES & TIPS

(i) & (ii) mgvavb K‡i cvB, x = 2; y = 0.5  Q = 0.5

MCQ & SAQ NOW PRACTICE WRITTEN

01. 3 4  x = –5 n‡j x I y Gi gvb KZ? Ans. –1, –1/2

 REAL TEST ANALYSIS OF PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS 

S D Sol 2 2  3 3 5 12 5 12 5 12  5 12

S B Sol [DU. 03-04; RU. 06-07; JU.18-19]

[DU. 05-06; JnU. 05-06; JU. 19-20]       

1 29 1 29 1 29

S C Sol n AB = 5 1.0 3

01.     =   n‡j x Ges y Gi gvb KZ?

S D Sol n 2 –2 y = 7  2x – 2y  = 7

03. A =  , B =  , X =   Ges AX = B n‡j (x, y) = ?

S C Sol n AX = B  1 0 x = 2  x = 2

A. 1, – 2 B. – 1, 2 C. –1, – 2 D. 2, – 1  cos4 = 1 Ges sin4 = 0

S E Sol n  0 1 – i2 y = 1  y(1 – i2)  = 1

X = y, Y =  b Ges Z =  0 2 0  g¨vwUª·¸‡jv hw` ZX = Y

ev,  4 + 9 12 + 3x = 10 0 

3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4

msL¨vi Rb¨ MN = 0 n‡e|

AZGe, s = –1 ev, 2s2 = 1  s = – 2s2

1 –1  4x – 6y = 5 .......... (i); – 2x + 8y = 0 ......... (ii)

STEP 04 ANALYSIS OF BOARD QUESTION

=[ a x2 + hxy + hxy + b y2] = [x2a + 2xyh + y2b] 1 4

2i 0 0  kZ©g‡Z, 2x = 4 x=2

GENERAL RULES 3 in 1 SHORTCUT TRICKS & TIPS

MCQ & SAQ NOW PRACTICE WRITTEN

 REAL TEST ANALYSIS OF PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS 

S C Sol n singular Matrix Gi wbY©vq‡Ki gvb k~b¨|

g¨vwUª‡·i wbY©vq‡Ki gvb (10 + 4) = 14  0 a3