CHAPTER-IV

RESULTS

The present chapter deals with the study which are presented under the following sub
sections

4.1Results pertaining the women labourer

4.2 Results pertaining the women farmer

Table 1. Age of the respondents

Variable category Farmer Labourer Total Mean

(n =60) (n =60) (n =120)
Frequency Frequency Frequency
(%) (%) (%)
Age 18-25 years 5(8.33) 8(13.33) 13(10.84) 20.5
26-32 years 11(18.33) 14(23.33) 25(20.83) 29.6
33-40 years 44(73.33) 38(63.33) 82(68.33) 36.3

Mean- 33

Table 2. Marital Status of the respondent

Variable category Farmer Labourer Total

(n =60) (n =60) (n =120)
Marital Status Frequency Frequency Frequency
(%) (%) (%)
Unmarried 0 (0.00) 7(11.66) 7(5.83)
Married 56(93.33) 53(88.33) 109(90.83)
Divorced 1(1.66) 0(0.00) 1(0.83)
Widow 3(5.00) 0(0.00) 3(2.50)

Table 3 Education of the respondents

Variable category Farmer Labourer Total

(n =60) (n =60) (n =120)
 Frequency Frequency Frequency
Educational (%) (%) (%)
status Illiterate 9 27 36
literate 25 10 35
3rd
2 2 2
5th
3 1 4
6th 6 6
7th 1 1
8th 3 3 6
9th 1 6 2
10th 9 5 14
11th 1 6 5
12th 8 2
Graduate 4 1 5
Post graduate 2 2

Table 3 Education of the respondents

Variable category Farmer Labourer Total

(n =60) (n =60) (n =120)
Frequency Frequency Frequency
(%) (%) (%)
Illiterate 9(15) 31(51.66) 40(33.33)
Educational Literate 25(41.66) 10(16.66) 35(29.16)
status
Primary 5(8.33) 3(5.00) 2(1.66)
Secondary 5(8.33) 2(3.33) 4(3.33)
Dropouts 2(3.33) 13(21.66) 15(12.50)
Sr. Secondary 8(13.33) Nil 1(0.83)
Graduate 4(6.66) 1(1.66) 5(4.16)
Post Graduate 2(3.33) Nil 2(1.66)

Table 4 a Caste of Respondents

Variable Category Farmer Labourer Total
(n =60) (n =60) (n =120)
Frequency Frequency Frequency
(%) (%) (%)
Bishnoi 1(1.66) 3(5.00) 4(3.33)
Chamar 8(13.33) 12(20.00) 20(16.66)
dhobi 3(5.00) 8(13.33) 11(18.33)
Caste Jaat 2(3.33) 2(1.66)
Kumhar 4(6.66) 4(6.66) 8(6.66)
Rajwar 1(1.66) 1(1.66) 2((1.66)
Ranga 3(5.00) 6(10.00) 9(7.50)
saini 38(63.33) 26(43.33) 64(53.33)

Table 4 b Caste of Respondents

Variable Category Farmer Labourer Total

(n =60) (n =60) (n =120)
Frequency Frequency Frequency
(%) (%) (%)
Caste GENERAL 3(5.00) 3(5.00) 6(5.00)
OBC BC A 8(13.33) 13(21.66) 21(17.50)
OBC BC B 38(63.33) 26(43.33) 64(53.33)
SC 11(18.33) 18(30.00) 29(24.16)
ST NIL NIL NIL

Table 5 Family Type

Variable category Farmer Labourer Total

(n =60) (n =60) (n =120)
Frequency Frequency Frequency
(%) (%) (%)
Family type Nuclear 22(36.66) 18(30) 40(33.33)
joint 38(63.33) 42(70) 80(66.66)

Table 6 Family size

Variable category Farmer Labourer Total

(n =60) (n =60) (n =120)
Frequency Frequency Frequency
(%) (%) (%)
 Family size Small (2-5 members) 12(20.00) 17(28.33) 29(24.16)
Medium(6-9 members) 22(36.66) 24(40.00) 56(46.66)
Large(10-12 members) 26 (43.33) 19(31.66) 45(37.50)

DEPENDENCY RATIO

Farmer labourer total

Table 7. Family details of the Respondents

Variable category Farmer Labourer Total

(n =60) (n =60) (n =120)
Frequency Frequency Frequency
(%) (%) (%)
Family Labour 21(35.00) 42(70) 63(56.00)
ocuupation
Farming 17(28.33) 5(8.33) 21(17.50)
Business 2(3.33) nil 2(1.66)
Government job 16(26.60) 3(5.00) 19(15.80)
miscellaneous 4(6.66) 10(16.66) 14(11.60)
Income low 6000-24000 40(66.6) 47(78.33) 87(72.50)
medium 25000-43000 12(20) 10(16.66) 22(18.33)
high 44000-60000 8(13.33) 3(5) 11(9.16)
Animals self 39(65) 31(51.66) 70(58.33)
commercial 8(13.3) 2(3.33) 10(8.33)

Table 8 land holding

Variable category Farmer Labourer Total

(n =60) (n =60) (n =120)
Frequency Frequency Frequency
(%) (%) (%)
Land Marginal Below 1.00 7(11.66) nil 7(11.66)
holding hectare
Small 1.00-2.00 13(21.66) nil 13(21.66)
hectare
Semi-Medium 2.00-4.00 16(26.66) nil 16(26.66)
hectare

Medium 4.00-10.00 19(31.66) nil 19(31.66)

 hectare
Large 10.00 5(8.33) nil 5(8.33)
hectare
and above

Table 9 social profile of the respondents

Variable Category Farmer Labourer Total

(n =60) (n =60) (n =120)
Frequency Frequency Frequency
(%) (%) (%)
Social No membership 35(58.33) 55(91.66) 90(75.00)
participation
Member of formal nil nil
Member of non- formal nil nil
organization
Office bearer 16(26.66) 3(5.00) 19(15.83)
No membership nil nil
Member of formal 16(26.66) 3(5.00) 19(15.83)
organization
Member of non- formal 9(15) 2(3.33) 11(9.16)
organization

Table 10 Extension contact of the respondent

category Farmer Labourer Total

(n =60) (n =60) (n =120)
Frequency Frequency Frequency
(%) (%) (%)
University scientist 5(8.33) nil 5(6.66)
HDO nil nil nil
Extension worker nil nil nil
Panchayat personnel 12(20.00) nil 12(20.00)
Relatives 16(26.66) 25(41.66) 41(45.08)
Neighbours 26(43.33) 33(55.00) 59(49.16)
Enterprewneurs nil nil nil
friends 8(13.33) 6(10.00) 14(11.66)
others nil nil nil
Table 11 Training

variable Farmer Labourer Total

(n =60) (n =60) (n =120)
Frequency Frequency Frequency
(%) (%) (%)
Training 6 (10.00) nil 6 (5.00)
Seminar nil nil nil
workshop 4(6.66) nil 4(3.33)

Table 12 Cropping Pattern of farmer

Variable Category Farmer Labourer Total

(n =60) (n =60) (n =120)
Frequency Frequency Frequency
(%) (%) (%)
Type of cultivation Open 55(91.66) nil 55(45.83)
protected 5(8.33) nil 5(4.16)
Type of cropping Single 27(45.00) nil 27(22.55)
mixed 33(55.00) nil 33(27.55)
both 31(51.66) nil 31(25.83)
Purpose Processing nil nil nil
Selling 59(98.33) nil 59(49.16)
Nursery raising 1(1.66) nil 1(0.83)

Table 13.Mass Media Possession

Variable Category Farmer Labourer Total

(n =60) (n =60) (n =120)
Frequency Frequency Frequency
(%) (%) (%)
Radio possession 12(20.00) 14(23.33) 26(21.66)
listening 3(5.00) 5(8.33) 8
Not listening 9(15.00) 9(15.00) 18
Television possession 36(60.00) 38(63.33) 74(61.66)
listening 22(36.66) 32(53.33) 54
Not listening 14(23.33) 6(10.00) 20
Mobile possession 49(81.66) 27(45.00) 76(63.33)
listening 45(75.00) 20(33.33) 65
 Not listening 4(6.66) 7(11.66) 11
Laptop/Computer/ possession 11(18.33) 11(9.16)
Tablet
listening 0
Not listening
Landline Connection possession 6(10.00) 6(5.00)
listening 4(6.66) 4
Not listening 2(3.33) 2
Facebook possession
listening
Not listening
Whatsapp possession 6(10.00) 3(5.00) 9(7.50)
listening 2(3.33) 3(5.00) 5
Not listening 4(6.66) 4
Emails possession
listening
Not listening
Sms possession 49(81.66) 27(45.00) 76(63.33)
listening 7(11.66) 5(8.33) 11
Not listening 42(70.00) 22(36.66) 64
Internet Connection possession 22(36.66) 8(13.33) 30(25.00)
listening 12(20.00) 3(5.00) 15
Not listening 10(16.66) 5(8.33) 15

Table 14. Vegetable Grown

Sr.no. Vegetables Farmer n1 Harvested Labourer N2- Harvested

Frequency Frequency
(%) (%)

Cultivated all tool manual both Cultivated all tool manual both
over the year over the year
1. Potato 38(63.33) 17 21 15 32(53.33) 11 16 5
2. Onion 26(43.33) 6 4 16 22(36.66)

3. Garlic
4. Cauliflower 48(80.00) 6 42 50(83.33) 21 6 23
5. Radish
6. Spinach
 7. Sweet potato
8. Turnip
9. Sweet pea
10. French beans
11. Beetroot
12. Fenugreek 18(30.00) 4 2 12 4(6.66) 4
13. Carrot 20(33.33) 15 5 12(20.00) 6 6
14. cabbage 44(73.33) 44(73.33) 18 7 19
15. cucumber 22(36.66) 15(25.00)
16. Pumpkin
17. Round melon
18. Bottle gourd
19. Ridge gourd
20. Okra 36(60.00) 12 20 4 24(40.00) 7 13 4
21. Brinjal 21(35.00) 18 3 12(20.00) 3 5 4
22. Chilli 16(26.66) 9 7 10(16.66) 3 5 2
23. Capsicum
24. Tomato 4(6.66) 1 3 2(3.33) 2
25. Cowpea
26. Coriander 13(21.66) 11 2 6(10.00) 6
27. Mint
28. Ginger
29.

Table 15

Operations Participation Participation

 farmer n1- 60 labourer n2- 60

Frequency Frequency
(%) (%)

category low medium high Low medium high

score
Land leveling 38(63.33) 18(30.00) 4(6.66) 20(33.33) 34(56.66) 6(10.00)
and field
preparation
Seed sowing 28(46.66) 19(31.66) 13(21.66) 11(18.33) 16(26.66) 33(55.00)
Application of 8(13.33) 20(33.33) 32(53.33) 6(10.00) 18(30.00) 36(60.00)
manure
Bed preparation 34(56.66) 18(30.00) 8(13.33) 17(28.33) 35(58.33) 8(13.33)
Application of 14(23.33) 32(53.33) (0.00) 5(8.33) 21(35.00) 34(56.66)
drip lines and
mulching
Transplanting of 36(60.00) 22(36.66) 2(3.33) 20(33.33) 18(30.00) 22(36.66)
seedlings
Watering of new 14(23.33) 35(58.33) 4(6.66) 22(36.66) 26(43.33)
plants
Weeding and 14(23.33) 26(43.33) 20(33.33) 5(8.33) 16(26.66) 39(65.00)
hoeing
Pruning of 16(26.66) 41(68.33) 3(5.00) 7(11.66) 31(51.66) 22(36.66)
plants
Training of 30(50.00) 25(41.66) 5()8.33 4(6.66) 18(30.00) 38(63.33)
plants
Spraying 28(46.66) 20(33.33) 12(20.00) 12(20.00) 22(36.66) 26(43.33)
Irrigation and 11(18.33) 38(63.33) 12(20.00) 0(0.00) 12(20.00) 38(63.33)
fertigation
Harvesting 13(21.66) 16(26.66) 31(51.66) 5(8.33) 6(10.00) 49(81.66)
Grading 5(8.33) 33(55.00) 22(36.66) 0(0.00) 16(26.66) 44(73.33)
Sorting 13(21.66) 26(43.33) 21(35.00) 0(0.00) 5(8.33) 55(91.16)
Washing 9(15.00) 33(55.00) 18(30.00) 12(20.00) 12(20.00) 36(58.33)
Packaging 15(25.00) 31(51.66) 14(23.33) 15(25.00) 16(26.66) 29(48.33)
weighing 8(13.33) 44(73.33) 8(13.33) 0(0.00) 10(16.66) 14(23.33)
Loading 26(43.33) 29(48.33) 5(8.33) 0(0.00) 11(18.33) 49(81.66)
Unloading 28(46.66) 18(30.00) 14(23.33) 0(0.00) 2(3.33) 18(30.00)

Category Score farmer (n1 =60) Labourer (n2 =60)

 Frequency (%) Frequency(%)
Low
Medium
High

Table 17

Operations Participation Participation

Farmer n1- 60 labourer n2- 60

Frequency Frequency
(%) (%)

category low medium high Low medium high

score
Cooking 0(0.00) 3(5.00) 57(95.00) 2(3.33) 6(10.00) 51(85.00)
Fetching water 38(63.33) 10(16.66) 12(20.00) 23(38.33) 14(23.33) 23(38.33)
Collection of fuel 34(56.66) 15(25.00) 11(18.33) 12(20.00) 16(26.66) 22(36.66)
wood
Child care 0(0.00) 0(0.00) 60(100.00) 6(10.00) 15(25.00) 39(65.00)
Washing clothes 4(6.66) 12(20.00) 44(73.33) 0(0.00) 3(5.00) 57(95.00)
Washing utensils 2(3.33) 32(53.33) 29(48.33) 0(0.00) 5(8.33) 55(91.16)
Animal care 16(26.66) 24(40.00) 20(33.33) 0(0.00) 12(20.00) 48(80.00)
Non-farm activity 13(21.66) 12(20.00) 35(58.33) 10(16.66) 21(35.00) 29(48.33)
Cleaning / dusting 8(13.33) 8(13.33) 44(73.33) 1(1.66) 14(23.33) 45(75.00)
Food preparation 0(0.00) 0(0.00) 60(100.00) 0(0.00) 0(0.00) 60(100.00)
Vegetable washing 3(5.00) 31(51.66) 26(43.33) 10(16.66) 18(30.00) 32(53.33)
Vegetable storage 3(5.00) 5(8.33) 52(86.66) 0(0.00) 5(8.33) 55(91.16)
Income generating 34(56.66) 8(13.33) 18(30.00) 43(71.66) 3(5.00) 4(6.66)
activities
Any other 41(68.33) 12(20.00) 7(11.66) 43(71.66) 2(3.33) 5(8.33)

Table -18 Labour use pattern

Operations Labour Labour

 Farmer n1- 60 labourer n2- 60

Frequency Frequency
(%) (%)

category self husban Joint+la local migrated both

d bourers
score
Land leveling and 0(0.00) 39() 21() 39() 5() 16()
field preparation
Seed sowing 0(0.00) 6() 54() 34() 7() 19()
Application of 9(15.00) 22() 29() 33() 8() 19()
manure
Bed preparation 0(0.00) 22() 39() 31() 13() 16()
Application of drip 0(0.00) 22() 38() 47() 11() 2()
lines and mulching
Transplanting of 0(0.00) 6() 54() 29() 21() 10()
seedlings
Watering of new 0(0.00) 39() 33() 19() 8()
plants
Weeding and 0(0.00) 4() 56() 41() 8() 11()
hoeing
Pruning of plants 0(0.00) 18() 42() 22() 9() 29()
Training of plants 0(0.00) 19() 41() 30() 11() 19()
Spraying 0(0.00) 14() 38() 8() 3() 39()
Irrigation and 6(10.00) 10() 44() 27() 5() 28()
fertigation
Harvesting 2(3.33) 2() 56() 29() 8() 23()
Grading 2(3.33) 6() 51() 21() 13() 26()
Sorting 0(0.00) 3() 57() 23() 11() 26()
Washing 0(0.00) 16() 44() 29() 17() 14()
Packaging 0(0.00) 11() 49() 21() 11() 28()
weighing 0(0.00) 55() 15() 26() 12() 22()
Loading 4(6.66) 21() 35() 28() 17() 15()
Unloading 3(5.00) 20() 37() 31() 6() 23()

()
Table 19

Category Score Labourer (n2 =60)

Farmer (n1 =60)
Frequency (%) Frequency(%)
Low
Medium
High

Table 20

Category Score Labourer (n2 =60)

Farmer (n1 =60)
Frequency (%) Frequency(%)
Low
Medium
High

Table 21 Decision Making

Operations Labour Labour

labourer n2- 60
Farmer n1- 60
Frequency
Frequency (%)
(%)

category self husband joint self husband Land

owner
score
Land use pattern 0() 41() 19 0 0 60
Varieties to be 0() 51() 9() 0() 0() 60()
grown
Seed related decision 0() 44() 16() 0() 0() 60()
Fertilizer application 0() 36() 24() 0() 0() 60()
Irrigation scheduling 0() 42() 18() 0() 0() 60()
and operating the
equipments
 Plant protection 0() 51() 9() 0() 0() 60()
measures
Sale of vegetables 0() 58() 2() 0() 0() 60()
Harvesting 0() 43() 7() 0() 0() 60()
Marketing 0() 51() 9() 0() 0() 60()
Surplus 0() 39() 21() 0() 0() 60()

Table 22

Operations Labour Labour

Farmer n1- 60 labourer n2- 6

Frequency (%) Frequency (%)

category self husband joint self husband Land

owner
score
How much money should 0() 51() 9() 0() 0() 60()
be spent on different
items.
Buying of different farm 0() 57() 3() 0() 0() 60()
inputs
Selling of produce 0() 54() 6() 0()() 0() 60()
Insurance of crops 0() 51() 9() 0() 0() 60()
Selling of land 0() 51() 9() 0() 0() 60()
Insurance of family 0() 23() 37() 0() 60() 0()
members
Deciding manner of 21() 17() 22() 24() 36() 0()
savings

TABLE 23

Operations Farmer n1- 60 labourer n2- 60

Frequency(%) Frequency(%)
 category always seldom never alway seldom never
s
score
Aches 21() 30() 9() 20() 39() 11()
()Head ache 39() 19() 2() 22() 23() 15()
Shoulder ache 47() 12() 1() 28() 24() 8()
Upperarm ache 44() 12() 4() 27() 21() 12()
Back ache 18() 23() 19() 2() 38() 20()
others 16() 35() 9() 31() 15() 14()

TABLE 24

Operations Farmer n1- 60 labourer n2- 60

Frequency(%) Frequency(%)
category always seldom neve alwa seldom never
r ys
Pricks/cuts/abression 10 35 15 20 39
Cuts in finger 22 25 24 32
Cuts in lower body 26 32 21 36
Blisters 24 33 29 28
Abrasion while lifting 27 31 28 23
vegetables
Abrasion due to weeds 22 33 36 26
Abrasions due to fertilizer 20 34 21 20
application

TABLE 25

Operations Farmer n1- 60 labourer n2- 60

Frequency(%) Frequency(%)

category always seldom neve alwa seldom never

r ys
Numbness 3
Dryness of skin 14 18 26 11 34
Dryness and tearing of 5 28 16 10 14 23
lips
Operations Farmer n1- 60 labourer n2- 60

Frequency(%) Frequency(%)
 category always seldom neve alwa seldom never
r ys

Tearing of skin 34 21 8 24 31
Watering in eyes 4 6

TABLE 26

Operations Farmer n1- 60 labourer n2- 60

Frequency(%) Frequency(%)

category always seldom neve alwa seldom never

r ys
Heat stroke 32 5 24
Faint 35 13 4

TABLE 27

Operations Farmer n1- 60 labourer n2- 60

Frequency(%) Frequency(%)

category always seldom neve alwa seldom never

r ys
Insect 24 21 7 20 35
Irritation 10 11 12 20
Skin 36 15 15 24
Eyes 2 5 7 5

TABLE 28

Operations Farmer n1- 60 labourer n2- 60

Frequency(%) Frequency(%)

category always seldom neve alwa seldom never

r ys
Hardening of hands 14 13 5 5 12 21
Hardening of feets 21 11 8 8 11 36
Breaking of nails 22 19 20 35 5
Khaj 15 14 23 33 3 20
Khujli 13 12 25 35 5 16
Bleeding 19 8 30 21 11 30
Palm, atan,skin 30 20 15 12 21 39

TABLE 29

Operations Farmer n1- 60 labourer n2- 60

Frequency(%) Frequency(%)

category always seldom neve alwa seldom never

r ys
Nausea 39 31
Vomiting 41 3 32 10
Giddiness 52 4 36
Irritant cough 11 30 22
Skin irritation 16 21 10

TABLE 30

Operations Farmer n1- 60 labourer n2- 60

Frequency(%) Frequency(%)

category always seldom never always seldom never

Lack of knowledge
Improved/new varieties
Quality of chemical
Procurement of
fertilizers/insecticide/pest
icide
Banking system

TABLE 31
Operations Farmer n1- 60 labourer n2- 60

Frequency(%) Frequency(%)

category always seldom never always seldom never

Main workload of 51 5 57
household activities
Large no. family 24 11 28
members to be looked
afer
Illness 14 21
Neglect of children 12 15 21 19

TABLE 32

Operations Farmer n1- 60 labourer n2- 60

Frequency(%) Frequency(%)

category low medium high Low medium high

Lower work efficiency 20 12 35
due to parda
Abuse 12
Misbehavior
Lack creche 17 11 23

TABLE 33

Operations Farmer n1- 60 labourer n2- 60

Frequency(%) Frequency(%)

category low medium high Low medium high

Abortion 4
Low baby weight
Pain 11 5 13 3
Bleeding
Any other

TABLE 34

Operations Farmer n1- 60 labourer n2- 60

Frequency(%) Frequency(%)

category low medium high Low medium high

Tension
Dullness
Boredom 12
Fear of crop loss 15 41
Low cost benefit 24 32

TABLE 35

Operations Farmer n1- 60 Labourer n2- 60

 Frequency(%) Frequency(%)

Category Time spent(hours per day) Time spent(hours per day)

1-32 33-64 65-96 1-32 hour 33-64 65-96
hour hour hour hour hour hour
Score
Land leveling and field
preparation
Seed sowing
Application of manure
Bed preparation
Application of drip lines
and mulching
Transplanting of
seedlings
Watering of new plants
Weeding and hoeing
Pruning of plants
Training of plants
Spraying
Irrigation and
fertigation
Harvesting
Grading
Sorting
Washing
Packaging
weighing
Loading
Unloading

Table 36

Sr.no. Vegetables Farmer n1- 60 Labourer n2- 60

Frequency (%) Frequency (%)
 Manually Tool Manually Tool
30. Potato
31. Onion

32. Garlic
33. Cauliflower
34. Radish
35. Spinach
36. Sweet potato
37. Turnip
38. Sweet pea
39. French beans
40. Beetroot
41. Fenugreek
42. Carrot
43. cabbage
44. cucumber
45. Pumpkin
46. Round melon
47. Bottle gourd
48. Ridge gourd
49. Okra
50. Brinjal
51. Chilli
52. Capsicum
53. Tomato
54. Cowpea
55. Coriander
56. Mint
57. Ginger

Table 37 A equipments

Equipments possessed Use by female farmer Paricipation by female farmer

Yes No Always Seldom Never
Frequency Frequency Frequency Frequenc Frequency
(%) (%) (%) y (%) (%)
Tillage
Disc harrow
Cultivator
Rotavator
Disc ridger/ bund maker

Sowing equipments
Seed cum fertilizer drill
Zero till seed cum
fertilizer drill
Happy seeder
Multicrop planter
Potato planter
Raised bed planter
Ridger seeder
Roto seeder
Super seeder
Lucky seed drill
Horticulture transplanter

Plant protection
equipments
Knapsack sprayer
Hand sprayer
Tractor mounted sprayer
Reaper binder
Tractor front mounted
vertical conveyor reaper
Hand held rotavator

Threshing machinery

Multicrop thresher
Power thresher

Irrigation technique
Tubewell
Borewell
Submersible pump
Canal water
Drip irrigation
sprinkler
Pipe
Rose can

Intercultural
 operations/harvesting
tools
Shovel/spade
Hoe
Bhindiplucker
Shearer
trowels
knife
Carrot washer
sickle
Potato digger
spud

Table 37 B equipments

Equipments possessed Use by female Participation by Labourer

Labourer
Yes No Always Seldom Never
Frequency Frequenc Frequency Frequenc Frequency
(%) y (%) (%) y (%) (%)
Tillage
Disc harrow
Cultivator
Rotavator
Disc ridger/ bund maker

Sowing equipments
Seed cum fertilizer drill
Zero till seed cum
fertilizer drill
Happy seeder
Multicrop planter
Potato planter
Raised bed planter
Ridger seeder
Roto seeder
Super seeder
Lucky seed drill
Horticulture transplanter

Plant protection
equipments
Knapsack sprayer
Hand sprayer
Tractor mounted sprayer
 Reaper binder
Tractor front mounted
vertical conveyor reaper
Hand held rotavator

Threshing machinery

Multicrop thresher
Power thresher

Irrigation technique
Tubewell
Borewell
Submersible pump
Canal water
Drip irrigation
sprinkler
Pipe
Rose can

Intercultural
operations/harvesting
tools
Shovel/spade
Hoe
Bhindiplucker
Shearer
trowels
knife
Carrot washer
sickle
Potato digger
spud

Table 38 Illness

ILLNESS Farmer Labourer

Chronic Male Female Male Female

Acute Male Female Male Female

Age Male Female Male Female

1-24
25-50
51-75
Above 75