SAINT LOUIS COLLEGE

College of Engineering and Architecture

Department of Architecture
School Year 2021-2022

ARA 218

PLANNING 3
INTRODUCTION TO URBAN & REGIONAL PLANNING

PRELIM RESEARCH WORK 1.0

TOPICS:
A. ECOLOGY
B. HUMAN HABITAT
C. HUMAN SETTLEMENT
D. URBAN
E. URBAN PLANNING
F. URBAN DESIGN
G. URBAN RENEWAL
H. URBAN SPRAWL

Submitted by:

NARTATES, BIANCA C.
BS Architecture 4A

Submitted to:

ARCH VIC A. QUIJANO, UAP

Professor
 ECOLOGY
ECOLOGY

Ecology in Urban Design and Planning:

the process of understanding,
evaluating, and providing options for the use of
landscape
to ensure a better fit with human habitation

“THE EVOLUTION OF AN IDEA”

demonstrates the increasingly urgent need to
balance human use with ecological concerns in
our built environments.
Places that support life systems for people and
other organisms,
rural and urban landscapes are degrading in the
face of extreme climate change,
rising sea levels, resource depletion,
species extinction, accelerated consumption,
and increased urbanization.

10 Things you did not know about Ecological Planning & Design
1. It starts with YOU – as an individual.

Lifestyle is a primary determinant reflected in

the spatial realms of urban form and architecture,
so when deliberating on the ecological design, it is
imperative to keep a check on the individual
patterns of consumption.
2. It Is about Architecture and Design
While many people limit the ecological designs to
the consumption of daily life products and the rather
mundane work of technical necessities and quantitative
analysis, it is about architecture and design.

This quantitative analysis-based design

solutions that breed phenomenally ugly buildings is
the reason the architecture fraternity has not
adopted ecological design as a mainstream
practice.
3. Cut Back , Innovate

There are two voices in the ecological

discourses – apocalyptic environmentalism
and techno-optimism.
The act of building and creation is an
act against nature, but it is an undeniable
necessity, so ecological design and planning
is the only mitigating measure.
4. Myth – Green-looking buildings are green

Ecological design as green inserts

entail many other aspects, from the siting
of buildings to its maintenance and post-
occupation functioning, reducing its carbon
footprint on the environment. Green-
looking buildings are not necessarily, green.

5. Not just about protection

Ecological planning and design are not just

about putting boundaries around natural
features and demarcating them protected,
although it is of utmost importance.

Ecological planning is not just about

protection and non-implementable policies, but
carefully drafted applicable solutions that foster
co-existence by considerate prioritization.

6. Site Appreciation versus Site Analysis

Ecological planning and design would

Appreciate the Site that is the land wherein will
the act of building be done. The site
appreciation leads to an attitude that designs
concerning ecology, makes nature an inherent
part of the design, and fosters a situation of
harmony between the extremes.

7. It IS about reimagining the Skeletons of our Cities

Ecological planning reimagines our city

skeletons and the underlying frameworks, where
the blue-green corridors determine our urban
form and subsequently our engagement with
nature and way of life.
Room for the River, transforming landscaped
crossings for the non-human entities are just a
few examples that show an inclusive approach to
design and planning.
8. Existence of the City Biodiversity Index

It is an evaluation and self-assessment tool for

the cities, wherein monitoring the progress of
ecological and biodiversity conservation efforts can
be carried out against target individual baselines.
Hyderabad was the first city in India to carry this out,
followed by Nagpur, Kochi, Delhi, Kolkata.

9. Sponge Cities

Sponge city is an ecological planning and design concept that indicates a city creation
that is not an impermeable system blocking the flows of water but acts as a sponge
absorbing water and reaching and replenishing the urban aquifers. With contiguous open
green spaces, constructed wetlands, and interconnected waterways and channels, and a
porous system of bioswales and drains, it envisions a green-blue infrastructure integral
to the urban environment. The concept has been implemented in various cities in China
since 2013.
10. Think Global, Act Local

Environmental and ecological

considerations are global, and the
interconnectedness of the green and
blue system makes it a concern of
every individual act summing up to
the larger whole. Standardization
has become a second nature of man,
but it is not applicable in the
discourses of the diverse nature of
ecology. Ecological planning and
design are about appropriations at
the local scale of the analysed results
utilizing regional assessment
methodologies, where the
appreciation of the green-blue
system takes precedence.
 HUMAN HABITAT
Human habitats are places where people live and
where they can find all the things they need to survive
Most human habitats are in the same sorts of places
as animal habitats, like forests and grasslands, but
humans and animals live in very different kinds of
shelters.
Both humans and animals need shelter to survive,
but what humans think of as their shelter and home is
very different from what animals think of as home.

The following list describes the major types of human habitats.

1.Human Habitats 2. Rural Residential

Human habitats intersect a The houses are found in forest, farmland or

wide array of landscape types. The
following list describes the major
types of human habitats.
3. Rural Transition
rangeland areas. Developed open spaces, such as
parks, golf courses, developed campgrounds and
ball fields are included here.
4.Urban/Suburban

These are forested, rangeland, or
natural habitats where current development is
underway. Impervious surfaces are less than
20%, but natural processes or natural resource
management can be limited.
These are the most developed areas in the
landscape. They include a high number of land-
cover types, including areas with a mixture of
constructed materials and vegetation. Impervious
surfaces account for 50-100 percent of total cover.
 6.Conservation Reserve Program
5.Agricultural Lands
Lands

These are areas characterized by CRP lands are agricultural lands

vegetation that has been planted or is
intensively managed for the production of
food, feed, or fiber; or is maintained in
developed settings for specific purposes. They
include high structure agriculture such as
orchards, berries and nurseries, row crops,
grass seed and pasture.
planted to native or introduced species to
create wildlife habitat. They are variable, often
composed of introduced perennial grasses but
sometimes include native riparian woodlands,
upland native shrublands, or other natural
habitats.

7. Non-native or Exotic Grasslands, Herbaceous or Shrublands

These are places where non-native grasses or shrubs are the primary species. They
include three landcover types: Non-Natural Woody, Non-Natural Shrub, and Annual
Grasslands. The most common dominants are Scots broom and gorse in western Oregon,
and cheatgrass in eastern Oregon, although many other species are beginning to
dominate other areas, particularly introduced perennial grasses such as false brome.
 HUMAN SETTLEMENT
Human settlement is a place where
people live. It refers to the totality of
human community with all the social,
material, organizational, spiritual, and
cultural elements that sustain it.
form of human dwelling, from the
smallest house to the largest city, where
group of people reside and pursue their life
goals, can be understood as settlement.
can be permanent and temporary, rural
and urban, mobile and sedentary,
disseminated and agglomerated.

What are the types of human settlement?

1. HAMLETS 2. VILLAGES
3. TOWNS

a small village. a village a group of houses and Towns are generally

without a church of its own, associated buildings, larger than larger than villages and smaller
belonging to the parish of a hamlet and smaller than a than cities
another village or town. town, situated in a rural area.

4. ISOLATED DWELLINGS
5. LARGE TOWNS
6. LARGE CITIES

An isolated dwelling A large town has a A large city is a city with

would only have 1 or 2 population of 20,000 to a large population and many
buildings or families in it. It 100,000. services. The population is
would have negligible services more than one million people.
URBAN
in, relation to, or characteristic
of a town or city.
densely populated urban areas.
living, located, or taking place in a city:
urban rooftop gardening.

URBAN PLANNING
also known as regional planning, town
planning, city planning, or rural planning
is a technical and political process that is
focused on the development and design of land use
and the built environment, including air, water, and
the infrastructure passing into and out of urban areas,
such as transportation, communications, and
distribution networks and their accessibility

What is the process of urban planning?

1. Preparatory / exploration phase

2. Feasibility / planning phase

3. Formal planning / zoning phase

4. Design and implementation phase

5. Operational phase
 URBAN DESIGN
the design of towns and cities,
streets and spaces.
Urban design involves the design of
buildings, groups of buildings, spaces
and landscapes, and establishing
frameworks and procedures that will
deliver successful development by
different people over time.
Urban design is about making
connections between people and places,
movement and urban form, nature and the
built fabric.

Elements of Urban Design

This diagram shows the approximate hierarchical relationship between the elements of
urban design, followed by a brief definition of each of the elements. The section below
provides basic explanations for terms that are commonly used for urban design in the
Australian context. URBAN STRUCTURE
The overall framework of a region, town or precinct, showing relationships
Elements of urban form macro to micro between zones of built forms, land forms, natural environments, activities and
open spaces.
DENSITY + MIX
The intensity of development and the range of different uses (such as
residential, commercial, institutional or recreational uses)
HEIGHT + MASSING
The scale of buildings in relation to height and floor area, and how they relate
to surrounding land forms, buildings and streets.
STREETSCAPE + LANDSCAPE
The design of public spaces such as streets, open spaces and pathways, and
includes landscaping, microclimate, shading and planting.
FACADE + INTERFACE
The relationship of buildings to the site, street and neigh-bouring buildings
DETAILS + MATERIALS
The close-up appearance of objects and surfaces
 URBAN RENEWAL
an economic development tool used by

local governments across the country.

it is a method of economically

revitalizing areas of “blight” through public

investments that stimulate private

development

Public investment is sometimes

necessary to support and enable private

investment.

Examples of successful urban renewal projects that involve hospitality

1. The Flon, Lausanne, Switzerland 2. Marina Bay and Marina South,

Singapore

The Flon area of Lausanne used to be a maze of
abandoned workshops, factories and stores ten
years ago. Nowadays, the Flon is buzzing with
people of all ages and cultures who come to
enjoy the many restaurants, bars, and cafes.
There’s even a cinema and a boutique hotel. Its
welcoming layout and fresh architecture make it
one of Lausanne’s most popular places.
Marina Bay is a successful example of excellent
long term urban planning. The area was
repurposed during the 1970s and 1980s to grow
the city center for the future. It is a vibrant,
mixed-use district developed to embrace
sustainable development strategies. There are
many hotels and restaurants, plus transportation
options to get tourists around the area.
 3. The Hafen City Project, Hamburg 4.Metro Tech Center Brooklyn, New York
City, New York

“In developing a new city area along the
Elbe, Hamburg is setting new standards – at
least in Europe. On an area of 157 ha, a
lively city with a maritime air is taking shape,
bringing together workplace and residential
uses, culture and leisure, tourism and retail
facilities.”
I think 2014 is going to be a very big year
for Downtown Brooklyn. If you look at every
sector of the market, it's booming… I think
what we're seeing now is a whole new
generation of companies that are choosing
to locate in Brooklyn

URBAN SPRAWL
also called sprawl or suburban sprawl,
the rapid expansion of the geographic
extent of cities and towns,
often characterized by low-density
residential housing, single-use zoning, and
increased reliance on the private
automobile for transportation.

Why is urban sprawl good?

First, sprawling areas tend to have a

greater supply of developable land on the
urban fringe, which helps to moderate land
prices and keep housing affordable.
Second, inner-city housing becomes
cheaper as jobs gravitate from cities out to
the suburbs.

REFERENCE
https://www.re-thinkingthefuture.com/sustainable-architecture/a3123-10-things-you-did-not-know-about-
ecological-planning-design/
https://www.theschoolrun.com/homework-help/human-habitats
https://oregonexplorer.info/content/human-habitats?topic=83&ptopic=62
https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007%2F978-3-319-71063-1_88-
1#:~:text=Human%20settlement%20is%20a%20place,cultural%20elements%20that%20sustain%20it.
https://www.slideshare.net/georgedumitrache399/geography-year-9-human-settlements