Slide 1 (Seminar)

Seminar on Emerging Technologies(MSIT5217)
Cloud Computing
Seminar on Emerging Technologies. University of Gondar, Department of IT. 1

What is Cloud Computing?
• Cloud computing is the on-demand availability of computer
system resources, especially data storage and computing
power, without direct active management by the user.
• It can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal
management effort.

What is Cloud?
• "The cloud" refers to servers that are accessed over the
Internet, and the software and databases that run on those
servers.
 In other words, we can say that Cloud is something, which is
present at remote location.
• Cloud can provide services over public and private networks,
i.e., WAN, LAN or VPN.

Essential Characteristics
• On-Demand Self Service:
 A consumer can unilaterally provision computing capabilities,
automatically without requiring human interaction with each service‟s
provider.
 where customers could change their levels of service without
actually contacting a service provider.
• Heterogeneous Access/ Broad network access

 Capabilities are available over the network and accessed through
standard mechanisms that promote use by heterogeneous thin or thick
client platforms. (e.g., mobile phones, tablets, laptops, and
workstations).
 Can be accessed by diverse customer platforms.
• Resource Pooling:
 Resource pooling allows cloud providers to pool large-scale IT
resources to serve multiple cloud consumers using a multi-tenant
model. The combining of separate resource pools in to a single pool to
perform several activities.
 Different physical and virtual resources dynamically assigned and
reassigned according to consumer demand. CPU pool, Memory pool,
storage pool and network pool.
 It leads to increased resource utilization rates.

• Measured Service:
 In this service cloud provider controls and monitors all the aspects
of cloud service.
 Cloud computing resources usage is metered and organizations pay
accordingly for what they have used.
 Resource usage can be monitored, controlled, and reported,
providing transparency for both the provider and consumer of the
utilized service.

• Rapid Elasticity:
 It is very easy to scale the resources vertically or horizontally at
any time.
 Cloud computing resources can scale up or down rapidly and, in
some cases, automatically, in response to business demands.
 The usage, capacity, and therefore cost, can be scaled up or down
with no additional contract or penalties.

Cloud Services Models
• SaaS – Software as a Service
• IaaS – Infrastructure as a Service
• PaaS – Platform as a Service

What is Software as a Service? (SaaS)
• SaaS(Software As a Service): In this service the Cloud
Provider leases applications or softwares which are owned by
them to its client.
• The client can access these softwares on any device which is
connected to the Internet using tools such as a web browser,
an app etc.

 Usually billed based on usage
 Usually multi tenant environment
 Highly scalable architecture
• Examples:Caspio, Google Apps, Salesforce, Nivio, Learn.com.

Platform as a Service (PaaS)
• Platform as a service, is referred as PaaS, it provides a
platform and environment to allow developers to build
applications and services.
• This service is hosted in the cloud and accessed by the users
via internet.
• Examples: Windows Azure, Google App.

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
• IaaS is the delivery of technology infrastructure as an on
demand scalable service.
• The capability provided to provision processing, storage,
networks, and other fundamental computing resources.
• Examples: Amazon EC2, GoGrid, iland, Rackspace Cloud
Servers, ReliaCloud.

Deployment Models
A. Private cloud
• Computing resources are deployed for one particular
organization.
• This method is more used for intra-business interactions.
B. Community cloud
• The companies having similar interest and work can share the same
cloud and it can be done with the help of Community Cloud.

C. Public cloud
• The cloud infrastructure is made available to the general
public.
D. Hybrid cloud
• The hybrid cloud is a mixture of public and private cloud, in
which the critical activities are performed using private cloud
while the non-critical activities are performed using public
cloud.

Advantages of Cloud Computing
• Low Cost: To run cloud technology, users don't require high
power computers & technology because the application will
run on the cloud and not on users' PC.
• Storage Capacity: The Cloud storage capacity is unlimited &
generally offers a vast storage capacity of 2000-3000 GBs or
more based on the requirement.

• Low Cost of IT Infrastructure: As discussed earlier, the
investment will be less if an organization uses Cloud
technology; even the IT staffs and server engineers are also
not required.
• Increase Computing Power: Cloud servers have a very high-
capacity of running and processing tasks as well as the
processing of applications.

• Reduce Software Costs: Cloud minimizes the software costs as
users don't need to purchase software for organizations or
every computer.
• Updating: Instant software update is possible & users don't
have to face the choice problem between obsolete & high-
upgrade software.

Disadvantages of Cloud Computing
• No Internet No cloud: To access cloud, an internet connection is a
must.
 So we can say it‟s a big hurdle for the growth of cloud usage all over
the world.
• Need a good Bandwidth: With a low bandwidth in internet, we
cannot utilize the benefits of the clouds completely.
• Accessing multiple things simultaneously can affect Quality of
cloud access: If a user wants to have multiple internet work at a
same time then he/she has to compromise with the cloud benefits.
• Dependency: One major disadvantage of cloud computing is
user‟s dependency on the provider.
• Security is Must: Cloud computing keeps your data secure
but for maintaining the complete security, assistance from
the IT firm is needed for the better experience.

Pervasive Computing/ Ubiquitous Computing

Introduction
• Ubiquitous Computing, or Ubicomp, is the term given to the
third era of modern computing.
The first era was defined by the mainframe computer, a single large
timeshared computer owned by an organization and used by many
people at the same time.
Second, came the era of the PC, a personal computer primarily
owned and used by one person, and dedicated to them.

 The third era, ubiquitous computing, representative of the present
time.
 Characterized by the explosion of small networked portable computer
products in the form of smart phones, personal digital assistants
(PDAs), and embedded computers built into many of the devices we
own.

• The original term Ubiquitous Computing was coined by Mark
Weiser in 1988 at Xerox PARC, while serving as the director of the
Computer Science Laboratory (CSL), one of five laboratories at
the renowned research center.
• The essence of Weiser‟s vision is that mobile and embedded
processors can communicate with each other and the surrounding
infrastructure, seamlessly coordinating their operation to provide
support for a wide variety of everyday work practices.

• Weiser believed that in a ubicomp world, computation could be
integrated with common objects that you might already be using for
everyday work practices, rather than forcing computation to be a
separate activity.
• Weiser sometimes also referred to this as invisible computing
and wrote a number of articles about his philosophy.
• Another term Weiser used to describe ubiquitous computing was
“The coming age of calm technology”

• MIT has also contributed significant research in this field, notably Things
That Think consortium at the Media Lab and the CSAIL (Computer
Science & Artificial Intelligence Lab) effort known as Project Oxygen.
• Other major contributors include
 IBM Research,
 Tokyo University,
 University of California (UC) Berkeley,
 University of Washington's Ubicomp Lab,
 HP Labs,
 Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech), and
 Cornell University's People Aware Computing Lab

What is Ubiquitous Computing
• Technically ubiquitous computing involves in embedding
intelligence and computing power to devices which are part of our
daily life.
Ubiquitous computing is about interconnected hardware and
software that are so ubiquitous that no one notices their presence.

 It refers to the presence of computers in common objects found all
around us so that people are unaware of their presence.
 All these devices communicate with each other over wireless networks
without the interaction of the user.

• It is a computing environment including sensors, cameras
and integrated active elements that cooperate to help user.
 Ubiquitous computing example: Dawit is leaving home to go and
meet his friends. While passing the fridge, the fridge sends a
message to his shoe that milk is almost finished. When Dawit is
passing grocery store, shoe sends message to glasses which displays
“BUY milk” message. Dawit buys milk, goes home.

Characteristics of Pervasive Computing
• Miniaturization:
 ICT components are becoming smaller and more mobile.
• Embedding:
 Components are integrated in to everyday objects, they transform
them in to smart objects.
• Context sensitivity
 Applications in pervasive need to be context-aware so that they can
adapt themselves to rapidly changing situations.

• Examples
 Perception system for recognizing user moods from their facial
expressions.
 House where position is sensed and temperature adjusted
automatically.

• Interoperability
 A common problem with creating pervasive applications, especially
dynamically, is the heterogeneous nature of the devices and
services.
 To be able to make effective use of all the services in a given
environment and to be able to use service composition we must
provide support for interoperability.
• Automatic
 User doesn‟t necessarily need to ask for work to be done.

Challenges of Ubiquitous Computing
• As with most new technological advances, obstacles are
encountered and must be overcome for them to succeed.
 The “Accidentally” Smart Environment
 Impromptu Interoperability
 No Systems Administrator
 Social Implications of Aware Technologies
 Reliability

1.The “Accidentally” Smart Environment
• If you walk into an environment anywhere in the world, you
would probably not find an infrastructure suitable for ubiquitous
computing.
• You are not likely to see newly constructed buildings equipped
with devices to support pervasive computing.
• The environments of users must be “upgraded,” to support this
new technology.

2.Impromptu Interoperability
• Ubiquitous computing must not just have interoperable
devices, they must have impromptu interoperability – the
ability to interconnect and communicate with little or no
advance planning.
• This presents a problem because every device must be
written to understand the software of every other device.

3.No Systems Administrator
• Most individuals who operate a personal computer have no
intimate knowledge of how to administer a single
workstation.
• It would be unrealistic for the manufacturers of ubiquitous
computing devices to expect their users to administer a
complex network consisting of multiple devices.
• How does ubiquitous computing respond to this challenge?

4.Social Implications of Aware Technologies
• Ubiquitous computing will have a social impact on our
society just as the previous two eras of computing did.
• The advent of pervasive computing may mean that data can
be collected without a person‟s knowledge or consent.

 Some argue that this could violate existing data protection law.
• How will it affect privacy? Will society turn to a social
solution, legal solution, ethical solution, or technological
solution to protect privacy?

5.Reliability
• Since ubiquitous computing devices will be everywhere, it
makes sense for them to be reliable.
• Owners and developers will not want to be constantly
bombarded by failing devices or insecure software.

Pervasive Computing vs. Virtual Reality
 Should we live in virtual computing world? Or should
computing come out and live in our physical world?
 VR is about simulating physical world & putting people
inside virtual computing world.
 Ubicomp is about bringing computing to people‟s physical
world, integrating with everyday objects and activities.

Social Media

What is Social Media?
• Social media are primarily Internet-based tools for sharing
and discussing information among human beings.
• The term most often refers to activities that integrate
technology, social interaction, and the construction of words,
pictures, videos and audio.

What are some popular social media?
• There are a plethora of social media platforms out there,
with new ones popping up seemingly every month.
• Each medium has a unique purpose and userbase, so
identifying the right blend and content for each platform is
important.

Facebook: Computer & Mobile Platforms
• This social networking site allows users to connect with others by
creating a profile, adding “friends,” sending messages, posting status
updates, sharing photos and videos, and utilizing in-site applications and
games.
• Additionally, business owners and advertisers can utilize Facebook to
reach consumers by creating a “Page” that allows a business to reach a
large audience frequently, connect one-on-one with customers through
messaging, and be discovered through in-site search tools.

Twitter : Computer & Mobile Platforms
• This social media site and application allows users to share 140-
character posts (may contain text, videos, photos, or links to other
websites) called “Tweets” to share with “Followers.”
• Twitter emphasizes live news and updates on the things users care
about in real time.
• Finding other Twitter accounts such as people, news sources,
celebrities, and businesses is a very common feature.

• Tweets from accounts that users follow are shown on their
respective streams, or also called a “Timeline.”
• The more „followers‟ an account reaches, the more exposure
that respective account will have.
• Businesses can utilize Twitter to direct users to their website,
develop an audience, and link to mobile apps through Tweets.

Instagram: Mobile Platform Only
• Instagram allows users to upload photos or short videos from
a mobile device, edit photos by applying filters, and then
share either publicly or privately through the app or to other
social media sites including Facebook, Flickr, and Twitter.
• Business owners use this application to engage other
accounts through posts, comments and direct messages in
addition to the option of sponsored ads.

• Similar to Twitter, the more „followers‟ an account reaches,
the more exposure that respective account will have.

YouTube: Computer & Mobile Platforms
• YouTube allows users to watch and share original videos, provides
a forum for people to connect, and acts as a distribution platform
for original content creators and advertisers.
• Users of this site can subscribe to channels from other video
creators such as news organizations and musicians.
• Users can also build playlists from their favorite videos, comment
on videos by other users, and send/receive private messages.

LinkedIn: Computer & Mobile Platforms
• The mission of LinkedIn is to “connect the world‟s professionals
to make them more productive and successful.”
• Users who join the site create a professional profile where they list
their work experience, skills, and summary.
• Users can search for jobs and create “connections” to contacts in
their professional network.
• LinkedIn is a source for job recruiters and personnel HR to source
potential candidates.

Snapchat: Mobile Platform Only
• This application allows users to take photos or videos, add
captions or doodles, and send to contacts that have been
added.
• These messages are called “Snaps” and are viewable for up to
10 seconds before disappearing.
• “Snaps” can be sent privately to specific contacts or saved to
a user‟s “Story”.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Social Media
• Social Media Advantages
 Connect with people.
 Opportunity to organize events and meetups.
 Helps to get new friends or a partner.
 In social media platforms you can share images and videos of
important moments.
 You can connect with people from all around the world.

 It gives you the opportunity to network with other professionals.
 Helps to communicate at any time.
 You can share opinion of an event at the moment.
 Exists a great quantity of content.

Social Media Disadvantages
 You can expose your private life.
 It takes too much time of people.
 If you share something, it might never be deleted.
 Risk that your personal information is used for a crime.
 Bullying in social media can be frequent.
 Fake accounts with your identity can be created, as well as trolls


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Seminar on Emerging Technologies(MSIT5217)

Seminar on Emerging Technologies. University of Gondar, Department of IT. 1

• Cloud computing is the on-demand availability of computer

system resources, especially data storage and computing

power, without direct active management by the user.

• It can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal

Seminar on Emerging Technologies. University of Gondar, Department of IT. 2

• "The cloud" refers to servers that are accessed over the

Internet, and the software and databases that run on those

 In other words, we can say that Cloud is something, which is

present at remote location.

• Cloud can provide services over public and private networks,

i.e., WAN, LAN or VPN.

Seminar on Emerging Technologies. University of Gondar, Department of IT. 3

• Heterogeneous Access/ Broad network access

 Resource pooling allows cloud providers to pool large-scale IT

resources to serve multiple cloud consumers using a multi-tenant

model. The combining of separate resource pools in to a single pool to

perform several activities.

 Different physical and virtual resources dynamically assigned and

reassigned according to consumer demand. CPU pool, Memory pool,

storage pool and network pool.

 It leads to increased resource utilization rates.

Seminar on Emerging Technologies. University of Gondar, Department of IT. 5

 Cloud computing resources usage is metered and organizations pay

accordingly for what they have used.

 Resource usage can be monitored, controlled, and reported,

providing transparency for both the provider and consumer of the

Seminar on Emerging Technologies. University of Gondar, Department of IT. 6

 Cloud computing resources can scale up or down rapidly and, in

some cases, automatically, in response to business demands.

 The usage, capacity, and therefore cost, can be scaled up or down

with no additional contract or penalties.

Seminar on Emerging Technologies. University of Gondar, Department of IT. 7

• SaaS – Software as a Service

• IaaS – Infrastructure as a Service

• PaaS – Platform as a Service

Seminar on Emerging Technologies. University of Gondar, Department of IT. 8

• SaaS(Software As a Service): In this service the Cloud

Provider leases applications or softwares which are owned by

them to its client.

• The client can access these softwares on any device which is

connected to the Internet using tools such as a web browser,

Seminar on Emerging Technologies. University of Gondar, Department of IT. 9

 Usually multi tenant environment

 Highly scalable architecture

• Examples:Caspio, Google Apps, Salesforce, Nivio, Learn.com.

Seminar on Emerging Technologies. University of Gondar, Department of IT. 10

• Platform as a service, is referred as PaaS, it provides a

platform and environment to allow developers to build

applications and services.

• This service is hosted in the cloud and accessed by the users

• Examples: Windows Azure, Google App.

Seminar on Emerging Technologies. University of Gondar, Department of IT. 11

• IaaS is the delivery of technology infrastructure as an on

demand scalable service.

• The capability provided to provision processing, storage,

networks, and other fundamental computing resources.