(HST) LAB LE 1 SAMPLEX Specimens

SAMPLEX RATIONALE
HISTOLOGY - labo
YL 1 | AY 2021 – 2022 LE1
LE 1 SOURCES
I. LAB 1a – Cell structure and function  1.1 Intro. to Microscopy and Staining Techniques (27-09-21)
II. LAB1B – Blood and Hemopoiesis  LAB 1a – Cell structure and function
III. LAB1C Immune System and Lymphoid Organs  LAB1B – Blood and Hemopoiesis
 LAB1C Immune System and Lymphoid Organs
 Post-test LAB 1a – Cell and Embryology (28-09-21)
DISCLAIMER: The contents of this samplex are not guaranteed to be on the examinations. This serves for supplemental learning only.
Please read your notes before using. USE AT YOUR OWN DISCRETION.
LAB1A CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
QUESTION ANSWER RATIONALE
1. Look at the image. This event take TELOPHASE
place during which phase of mitosis? OR
CYTOKINESI
S
2. Which phase of Mitosis is represented PROPHASE

above?
Source: Laboratory Module 1A (Doc. Mann)
3. What intracellular protein complex A  The spindle apparatus organizes and separates chromosomes
links microtubules of the spindle during mitosis and meiosis. Microtubules of the spindle
apparatus to sister chromatids during apparatus link chromosomes to microtubule organizing centers
mitosis and meiosis. and mediate the movement of paired chromosomes to opposite
poles of the cell during anaphase. Centromeres are repetitive
a. Kinetochore DNA sequences that provide a point of attachment between the
b. Mitotic Spindle sister chromatid and a nucleation site for the assembly of the
c. Centromere kinetochore protein complex. Kinetochores are attachment sites
d. Centrosome for microtubules of the spindle apparatus

Doc. Mann’s Rationale
4. This is the phase in which the genetic B  S (synthesis phase): This is the phase in which the genetic
material is duplicated. material is duplicated.
 G2 (growth phase): Here the cell assesses the duplicated
a. G2 genetic material and prepares for cell division.
b. S  G1 (growth phase): A cell that has just divided grows
c. G0 under the influence of resource availability and hormonal
d. G1 signals. During the G1 phase, the cell assesses its
environment and will divide if conditions are optimal. If the
conditions are right, the cell will enter the S phase, at which
time it will be committed to progress through the remainder
of the cell cycle back to the G1 phase.
Page 1 of 35
LE 1 SAMPLEX RATIONALE
 M (mitosis): This is the visible manifestation of cell division, in

which the single cell divides into two. Mitosis specifically
consists of the division of the nucleus and itself has phases,
highlighted in the next section. Mitosis is capped by cytokinesis,
which is the division of the cytoplasm.
5. Hepatocytes in a liver biopsy are B  This electron micrograph demonstrates ultrastructural features
examined by electron microscopy. of rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER). These flat membrane
The parallel lines with knob-like vesicles provide a large surface area for protein synthesis
features (arrows, shown in the image) (translation).
represent which of the following  The small knob-like features are ribosomes that are actively
intracellular organelles? synthesizing membrane and secretory proteins.
 Signal peptides mediate the attachment of ribosomes to the
rough ER. Signal recognition particles, docking proteins,
and translocator proteins collaborate to shepherd these
proteins through the lipid bilayer.
 Cytosolic proteins are synthesized by “free ribosomes.”
a. Nucleus
b. ER
c. Mitochondria
d. Golgi Complex

6. Hepatocytes in a Hepatocytes from a B  This TEM reveals elongated, tubular mitochondria in the
liver biopsy are examined by electron cytoplasm of hepatocytes.
microscopy. Identify the function of  Mitochondria have inner and outer membranes that provide
the elongated organelles shown in the compartments for the enzymes and cytochromes that
image mediate glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation.
 Folds of the inner mitochondrial membrane (cristae)
provide additional surface area for energy production.
a. DNA Replication
b. Synthesis of ATP
c. Protein Packaging
d. Protein Synthesis
 Doc. Mann’s Rationale
7. A soft tissue biopsy is examined in the B  Differentiated cells synthesize a wide variety of proteins, lipids,
pathology department. Normal and carbohydrates that are stored, transported, or secreted.
adipocytes are examined at high  Adipocytes synthesize and store large quantities of
magnification (shown in the image). triglycerides. Lipid droplets in the cytoplasm coalesce to
The clear space that has pushed the form a large inclusion that pushes the cytoplasm and
cytoplasm and nucleus to the nucleus to the periphery of the cell (shown in the image).
periphery of these cells is best  Glycogen, hemosiderin (denatured ferritin), and lipofuscin
described by which of the following (cross- linked lipids and proteins) are also stored as
terms? cytoplasmic inclusions.
Page 2 of 35
a. Granule
b. Inclusion  Source: Laboratory Module 1A (Doc. Mann)
c. Vesicle
d. Vacuole
8. This “wear- and-tear” pigment of aging B  Lysosomes are acidic vesicles that degrade proteins, lipids, and
accumulates primarily within which of carbohydrates.
the following cellular organelles?  They are filled with a variety of acid hydrolases that
degrade macromolecules to their constituent parts (e.g.,
amino acids and simple sugars).
 In some situations, lysosomes are unable to degrade
cellular debris. Examples include:
 (1) endogenous substrates that are not catabolized
because a key enzyme is missing (lysosomal storage
diseases)
 (2) insoluble endogenous pigments (lipofuscin and
melanin)
 (3) exogenous particulates (silica and carbon)
a. Inclusions  These pigments are composed of cross-linked lipids and
proteins (peroxidation products) that accumulate over time.
b. Lysosomes
c. Peroxisomes Lipofuscin is stored within the lysosomes of long- lived cells in
the brain, heart, and liver.
d. Golgi Complex

 Doc. Mann’s Rationale
9. Identify the yellow structure situated in B  Nucleus of pancreatic β
the middle of the image? cell (TEM)
 Chromatin (blue) –
DNA bound to
histones and other
proteins
 Heterochroma
tin (dark blue)
– condensed
chromatin that
is
transcriptionall
a. Nucleus y inactive
(intensely
b. Nucleolus
c. Nuclear Envelope stained)
 Euchromatin
d. Heterochromatin
(light blue) –
dispersed
regions of
unpacked
chromatin that
is often
actively
transcribed
(lightly
stained)
Page 3 of 35
 Nucleolus (yellow) –
site of ribosomal RNA
transcription and
production of
ribosomes (intensely
stained)
 Source: Junqueira’s Basic Histology Virtual Microscopy

10. E in H & E stands for? EOSIN  Commonly used Staining dyes
 Hematoxylin
 blue dye that localizes to negatively charged cell
structures (e.g., deoxyribonucleic acid [DNA],
ribonucleic acid [RNA
 basophilic
 Eosin
 red/pink dye that localizes to positively charged cell
structures (e.g. proteins, mitochondria).
 eosinophilic or acidophilic
 Source: Laboratory Module 1A (Doc. Mann)
CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
Page 4 of 35
Page 5 of 35
Page 6 of 35
Page 7 of 35
Appendix A: Virtual Microscopy of Mitosis using an Onion

Root Tip (Stain Iron Hematocylin)
INTERPHASE: non-dividing cells (majority of the cells)
PROPHASE: condensation of chromosomes but not

organized
Page 8 of 35
METAPHASE: chromosomes line up in the center of the cell TELOPHASE: chromosomes arrive at the cell poles and will
form two nuclei
ANAPHASE: chromosomes are pulled to opposite side of

the cells
Page 9 of 35
LIGHT MICROSCOPY STAINS
Page 10 of 35
Page 11 of 35
BLOOD AND HEMOPOIESIS

BLOOD CELLS EOSINOPHILS
A. RED BLOOD CELLS
Figure 6. Eosinophil showing eosinophilic granules

Figure 2. Red blood cells (blue double arrow indicated the diameter of them (Source: Lab 1B: Blood and Hemopoiesis, RedCanvas)
(Source: Lab 1B: Blood and Hemopoiesis, RedCanvas)
Figure 3. A scanning electron micrograph demonstrating the biconcave shape

of RBCs
(Source: Lab 1B: Blood and Hemopoiesis, RedCanvas) Figure 7. Ultra structurally sectioned eosinophil, showing unique eosinophilic
granules(EG), as oval structures with disc shaped electron-dense crystalline
cores. (M) mitochondria and (N) nucleus.
(Source: Junqueira’s basic histology test and atlas 14ed.)
BASOPHILS
Figure 4. Electron micrograph showing RBC in blood vessels: (1)

endothelial cell of tunica intima (2) connective tissue of tunica intima
(3) smooth muscle cells of tunica media (4) tunica adventitia
Figure 8. Basophil showing basophilic granules (arrows)

B. WHITE BLOOD CELLS (Source: Lab 1B: Blood and Hemopoiesis, RedCanvas)
NEUTROPHIL
MONOCYTES
Figure 5. Neutrophil showing azurophilic granules (arrows)

Figure 9. Monocyte azurophilic granules are visible in the cytoplasm, left of the
nucleus
Page 12 of 35
LYMPHOCYTE POLYCHROMATOPHILIC ERYTHROBLAST
Figure 13. Polychromatophilic erythroblast (arrows)

Figure 10. Lymphocyte
ORTHOCHROMATOPHILIC ERYTHROBLAST
C. PLATELETS
Figure 10. Platelets (black arrow)

(Source: Lab 1B: Blood and Hemopoiesis, RedCanvas) Figure 14. Orthochromatophilic erythroblast (arrow)
Source: Lab 1B: Blood and Hemopoiesis, RedCanvas)
HEMATOPOIESIS
A. ERYTHROPOIESIS RETICULOCYTE
PROERYTHROBLASTS
Figure 11. Proerythrocyte

Figure 15. Reticulocyte (arrow)
Showing its slight basophilia and larger than mature RBC
BASOPHILIC ERYTHROBLAST (Source: Lab 1B: Blood and Hemopoiesis, RedCanvas)
Figure 12. Basophilic erythroblast (arrow)

The pattern of back and light regions of the nucleus are sometimes referred to as
“checkerboard” appearance by histologist.
(Source: Lab 1B: Blood and Hemopoiesis, RedCanvas) Figure 16. Reticulocyte stained with New Methylene Blue (arrow)
B. GRANULOPOIESIS
Page 13 of 35
Figure 19. Promyelocyte

Figure 17. Hemopoiesis differentiation of identifiable stages of granulocyte

development
(Source: Lab 1B: Blood and Hemopoiesis, RedCanvas) Figure 20. Promyelocyte with Azurophilic Granules (arrow)
MYELOBLAST MYELOCYTE
Figure 21. Neutrophilic myelocyte (NM)

Figure 18. Myeloblast

PROMYELOCYTE
Page 14 of 35
Figure 25. Eosinophilic metamyelocyte

(Source: MH 034a-034bhr Bone Marrow Smear; Histology Guide, Chapter 8-
Hematopoiesis)
BASOPHILIC METAMYELOCYTE
Figure 22. Eosinophilic myelocyte (EM) Neutrophilic myelocyte (NM)

Figure 26. Basophilic metamyelocyte

Hematopoiesis)
BAND CELLS
BAND NEUTROPHIL
Figure 23. Basophilic myelocyte (BM)

METAMYELOCYTE
NEUTROPHIL METAMYELOCYTE
Figure 27. Band neutrophil

Hematopoiesis)
BAND EOSINOPHIL
Figure 24. Neutrophilic metamyelocyte

Hematopoiesis)
EOSINOPHILIC METAMYELOCYTE
Figure 28. Band eosinophil

Hematopoiesis)
MATURE CELLS
MATURE NEUTROPHIL
Page 15 of 35
Figure 32. Promonocyte
(Source: American Society of Hematology, Image bank)
MONOCYTE
Figure 29. Mature neutrophil

Hematopoiesis)
MATURE EOSINOPHIL Figure 33. Monocyte

Hematopoiesis)
D. LYMPHOPOIESIS
LYMPHOBLAST 🕮🕮
Figure 30. Mature eosinophil

(Source: MH 034a-034bhr Bone Marrow Smear; Histology Guide, Chapter
8- Hematopoiesis)
Figure 34. Lymphoblast
(Source: Junquiera’s Basic Histology: Text and Atlas 15th edition)
MATURE BASOPHIL
LYMPHOCYTES

Figure 31. Mature basophil

Hematopoiesis)
C. MONOPOIESIS
MONOBLAST
PROMONOCYTE

Hematopoiesis)
E. THROMBOPOIESIS
MEGAKARYOBLAST
Page 16 of 35
Figure 40. Proplatelets
PLATELETS
Figure 37. Megakaryoblast

MEGAKARYOCYTES
Figure 41. Platelets

Figure 38. Megakaryocyte

Figure 42. Platelets

Hematopoiesis)
Figure 39. Megakaryocyte in a bone marrow smear (outlined)

This is an image from a bone marrow smear that shows a single, really large
megakaryocyte (outlined, compare to neighboring red blood cells and developing
white blood cells), with clear lobulation of the nucleus. The cytoplasm shows
some remaining basophilia, but eosinophilic regions are visible as well. (The
eosinophilic disk that appears to be in the center of the cell is actually
a red blood cell lying either on top of or below the megakaryocyte.)
PROPLATELETS
Page 17 of 35
IMMUNE SYSTEM AND LYMPHOID ORGANS

BONE MARROW
Figure 4. Bone marrow
Figure 1. Cross section through the shaft of long bone
Figure 2. Sternum
RED BONE MARROW
Figure 5. Megakaryocytes
THYMUS
Figure 3. Bone marrow from the medullary cavity of a long bone
Figure 6. Thymus from infant
Figure 3. Bone marrow in flat bone
VIRTUAL MICROSCOPY OF RED BONE MARROW
Page 18 of 35
Figure 7. Thymus from infant at medium magnification

Figure 11. Thymus from 36 year old
DIFFUSE LYMPHOID TISSUE
Figure 8. Thymus from infant at medium to high magnification
Figure 12. Inflamed Skin (Scanning view)
Figure 9. Thymus from infant Figure 13. Epithelium (intact) of Inflamed Skin
Figure 14. Epithelium and underlying connective tissue of esophagus

Figure 10. Thymus from 4-year-old child
Page 19 of 35
Figure 14. Diffuse lymphoid tissue
Figure 18. Palatine tonsils, scanning view showing primary (arrows) and
secondary (outlined) nodules
Figure 15. Primary Nodules
SPECIALIZED DIFFUSE
LYMPHOID TISSUE
A. TONSILS
Figure 19. Secondary nodule (black outline) of a palatine tonsil showing pale
germinal center and darker corona (yellow outline).
Figure 16. Anatomy of the tonsils (Waldeyer tonsillar ring)
PALATINE TONSILS
Figure 20. Portion of a secondary nodule, high magnification, showing corona

(yellow outline) and stimulated lymphocytes in the germinal center (black arrows)
Figure 17. Palatine tonsil, scanning view. Green arrows indicate tonsillar crypts
(pits), which are continuous with the oral cavity. Connective tissue septa (black
arrows) support the tonsillar tissue.
Page 20 of 35
Figure 24. Germinal center of a secondary nodule, showing tapered cells

(arrows)
PHARYNGEAL TONSIL
Figure 21. Germinal center of a secondary nodule, showing blast cells
(yellow arrows) and a macrophage (outlined)
Figure 25. Location of Pharyngeal Tonsil
VIRTUAL MICROSCOPY
TONSILS (H&E)
Figure 22. Edge of a germinal center showing mitotic figures (outlined)
Figure 26. Non-inflamed palatine tonsil with the oral surface across the top.
Figure 23. Germinal center showing macrophages (black arrows)
Figure 27. Stratified Squamous Non-Keratinized Epithelium - covers the

numerous nodules that compromise the tonsil.
Page 21 of 35
 Tonsils are an example of mucosa-associated lymphoid

tissue (MALT). The lymphocytes are distributed as diffuse,
non-encapsulated nodules in the underlying connective
tissue.
Figure 28. Lymph Nodules - spherical aggregations of lymphocytes that

usually have germinal centers Figure 32. Stratified Squamous Non-Keratinized Epithelium which covers
the numerous nodules that compromise the palatine tonsil.
Figure 29. Crypts - infoldings of the epithelium into the underlying

connective tissue. (Note that the openings of these crypts are not visible in Figure 33. Lymph Nodules - spherical aggregations of lymphocytes that
this section.) usually have germinal centers.
Figure 34. Crypts - infoldings of the epithelium into the underlying

Figure 30. Lymphocytes passing though the epithelium in areas of connective tissue.
inflammation.
PALATINE TONSIL (H&E)
Figure 31. Palatine Tonsil
Page 22 of 35
Figure 35. Lymphocyte Trancytosis - pass through the epithelium in areas
ofinflammation
Figure 36. Lymphocyte migration into crypts of the lumen
Figure 40. Lymphatic System
Figure 37. Sequestrated Crypts are usually inflamed and filled with debris and
lymphocytes (pus).
Figure 41. Schematic illustration of a lymph node. The cortex is the outermost
region of the lymph node, bounded by the dotted outline. The medulla is the inner
portion, consisting of sinuses and cords
Cortex
Figure 38. Plasma cells - large numbers of plasma cells are usually seen in
the underlying connective tissue near the epithelium.
Medulla
VI. LYMPH NODES Figure 42. Scanning image of a lymph node
Figure 43. Capsule
Figure 39. Blood and lymphatic fluid flow
Page 23 of 35
Figure 42. Trabeculae
Figure 48. Cortex of a lymph node showing the capsule (black arrows), trabecula
(orange arrows), subcapsular sinus (blue brackets), and trabecular sinuses
(green brackets)
Figure 45. Lymph node sectioned through the cortex
A. LYMPHATIC FLOW
Figure 49. Medulla of a lymph node. A medullary sinus is the pale region in the
center; the outer boundary of this sinus is bounded by the orange arrows. The
medullary cords are indicated
Figure 46. Lymphatic Flow through Lymph Nodes
Figure 50. Junction of medulla and hilus of a lymph node showing the medullary
sinuses (bounded by orange arrows), medullary cords, and an unnamed
lymphatic channel (black arrows) that will connect to efferent lymphatic vessels
(red arrows)
BLOOD VESSEL
Figure 47. Lymph node showing lymph flow: from afferent lymphatic vessel
(black arrow) to subcapsular sinus (blue arrow) to trabecular sinus (green arrow)
to medullary sinus (orange arrow) to efferent lymphatic vessel (red arrow)
Page 24 of 35
Figure 50. Hilus of a lymph node showing the artery (A) and vein (V) supplying
the lymph node
Figure 54. Cells in the subscapular sinus of a lymph node. Most of the cells are
lymphocytes (green arrow indicates a cluster of five or more of them). Reticular
cells have nuclei (yellow arrows). Black arrows indicate the much larger
macrophages.
Figure 51. Cortex of a lymph node showing a high endothelial venule (outlined)
SUBSTANCE
Figure 55. Cells in the cortex of a lymph node. The border between a nodule
(upper left) and paracortical zone (lower right) is indicated by the dotted line.
Most of the cells in both zones are lymphocytes; macrophages are indicated by
the yellow arrows
Figure 52. Lymph node with presence of hilum
Figure 53. A portion of a lymph node under low magnification. The dotted line
indicates the approximate border of the cortex (above) and medulla (below).
Medullary cords are indicated Figure 56. Cells in the medulla of a lymph node showing a plasma cell (yellow
arrow)
CELL
VIRTUAL MICROSCOPY (LYMPH NODE)
LYMPH NODE IN H&E
Page 25 of 35
Figure 57. Lymph Node in H&E
Figure 61. HEV in cross-sectional view and longitudinal view
Figure 58. Lymph Node Figure 62. Lymph Node
LYMPH NODE IN AZAN
Figure 63. Lymph Node in Azan
Figure 59. Outer cortex
Figure 64. Subcapsular sinus


Figure 60. Lymph Node
Page 26 of 35
Figure 68. HEV

Figure 65. Trabeculae

LYMPH NODE IN SILVER
Figure 69. Lymph Node in Silver

Figure 66. Trabecular Sinus
 Figure 70. Capsule


Figure 67. Nodule



 Figure 71. Trabeculae
Page 27 of 35

 Figure 72. HEV in longitudinal view Figure 76. White pulp of the spleen, showing a central arteriole (black arrow). T
 lymphocytes immediately surrounding the central arteriole make up the
periarterial lymphatic sheath (PALS, yellow brackets). The remainder of the
outlined area is a lymphoid nodule rich in B lymphocytes

 Figure 73. HEV in cross-sectional view
SPLEEN
Figure 77. White pulp of the spleen showing a central arteriole (black
arrow) and a penicillar arteriole (green arrow).
Figure 74. Scanning image of the spleen, showing the capsule (blue arrows) and
trabeculae (black arrows)
arrow), which is off-center due to growth in the nodule.
Figure 75. A splenic trabecula (outlined) containing a trabecular artery (A) and
vein (V).
A. WHITE PULP OF THE SPLEEN
Page 28 of 35
Figure 82. Pulp vein (PV) connected to a trabecular vein (TV). A trabecular
artery (TA) is also shown.
arrow), which is off center due to growth in the nodule, which has become a
secondary nodule.
B. RED PULP OF THE SPLEEN
Figure 83. Red pulp of the spleen, stained for reticular fibers. Splenic sinusoids
(SS) and splenic cords (SC) are indicated. The reticular fibers of the basement
membrane are highlighted in black with this stain; note the gaps in the basement
membrane
C. VIRTUAL MICROSCOPY OF THE SPLEEN

Figure 80. Red pulp of the spleen (LPO). A nodule of white pulp is indicated. SPLEEN (H&E STAIN)
Splenic sinusoids (SS) are the predominant vessels in this region; the pulp tissue
here consists of splenic cords (of Billroth,SC).
Figure 84. Spleen H&E
Figure 81. Red pulp of the spleen, high magnification, showing splenic sinusoids
(SS) and splenic cords (SC). Endothelial cell nuclei (black arrows) and the
basement membrane (green arrows) of the splenic sinusoids are indicated
Page 29 of 35
Figure 85. Capsule - dense connective tissue enclosing the organ Figure 88. White Pulp - composed of lymphatic tissue. It appears basophilic due
to the large number of nuclei
Figure 86. Trabeculae - connective tissue that extends inward from the capsule
through which blood vessels enter the pulp Figure 89. Splenic nodule - clusters of B lymphocytes located on central
arterioles. They usually contain a germinal center of activated B lymphocytes
Figure 87. Trabeculae Blood Vessels

Figure 90. Central arterioles - branches of trabecular arteries
coated by PALS and adjacent to nodules.
Page 30 of 35
Figure 91. Germinal Center Figure 94. Red Pulp- filters and degrades RBCs. It appears eosinophilic
due to the large number of RBCs.
Figure 92. PALS (Periarteriolar Lymphatic Sheath) - cylindrical mass of mature T Figure 95. Splenic Sinusoids - vascular spaces lined by specialized endothelial
lymphocytes that surrounds central arterioles cells that filter RBCs.
Figure 93. Marginal Zone - region between white and red pulp where Figure 96. Splenic Sinusoids (40x)
macrophages, dendritic cells, and lymphocytes interact.
Page 31 of 35
Figure 100. Spleen (Azan)
Figure 97. Splenic Cords (of Billroth) - loose connective tissue that contains
macrophages, plasma cells, and lymphocytes
Figure 101. Spleen Capsule (Azan) - dense connective tissue enclosing the
organ
Figure 98. Pulp arterioles - they are not surrounded by lymphocytes like central
arterioles in white pulp
Figure 102. Trabeculae (Azan) - connective tissue that extends inward from the
capsule through which blood vessels enter the pulp
Figure 99. Sheathed Arterioles - regions of pulp arterioles surrounded by

macrophages
SPLEEN (AZAN STAIN)
Figure 103. Trabecular Blood Vessels (Azan)
Page 32 of 35
Figure 104. White Pulp (Azan) - composed of lymphatic tissue

Figure 107. Red Pulp (Azan) - filters and degrades RBCs
Figure 105. Splenic Nodule (Azan) - clusters of B lymphocytes located on central

arterioles
Figure 108. Splenic Sinusoids (Azan) - vascular spaces lined by specialized

endothelial cells that filter RBCs
Figure 106. Central Arteriole (Azan) - branches of trabecular arteries coated by

PALS and adjacent to nodules
Figure 109. Splenic Cords of Billroth (Azan) - loose connective tissue that
contains macrophages, plasma cells, and lymphocytes
Page 33 of 35
Figure 110. Pulp Arteriole (Azan) are not surrounded by lymphocytes like central
arterioles in white pulp
Figure 113. Splenic Nodules loosely surround by reticular fibers

SPLEEN (SILVER STAIN)
Figure 111. Spleen (Silver Stain) Figure 114. Central Arterioles adjacent to nodules and surrounded by a layer of
reticular fibers
Figure 112. White Pulp composed of lymphatic tissue Figure 115. Red Pulp filters and degrades RBCs
Page 34 of 35
Figure 116. Splenic Cords (of Billroth) - loose connective tissue supported by a
meshwork of reticular fibers
Figure 117. Splenic Sinusoids - vascular spaces between splenic cords are not
surrounded by a layer of reticular fibers (unlike blood vessels)
Figure 118. Pulp Arterioles - surrounded by a layer of reticular fibers
Page 35 of 35

(HST) LAB LE 1 SAMPLEX Specimens

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SAMPLEX RATIONALE

2. Which phase of Mitosis is represented PROPHASE

Source: Laboratory Module 1A (Doc. Mann)

Source: Laboratory Module 1A (Doc. Mann)

 M (mitosis): This is the visible manifestation of cell division, in

Source: Laboratory Module 1A (Doc. Mann)

Source: Laboratory Module 1A (Doc. Mann)

 Source: Junqueira’s Basic Histology Virtual Microscopy

CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION

Appendix A: Virtual Microscopy of Mitosis using an Onion

PROPHASE: condensation of chromosomes but not

ANAPHASE: chromosomes are pulled to opposite side of

LIGHT MICROSCOPY STAINS

BLOOD AND HEMOPOIESIS

Figure 6. Eosinophil showing eosinophilic granules

Figure 3. A scanning electron micrograph demonstrating the biconcave shape

Figure 4. Electron micrograph showing RBC in blood vessels: (1)

Figure 8. Basophil showing basophilic granules (arrows)

Figure 5. Neutrophil showing azurophilic granules (arrows)

LYMPHOCYTE POLYCHROMATOPHILIC ERYTHROBLAST

Figure 13. Polychromatophilic erythroblast (arrows)

Figure 10. Platelets (black arrow)

Figure 11. Proerythrocyte

Figure 12. Basophilic erythroblast (arrow)

Figure 19. Promyelocyte

Figure 17. Hemopoiesis differentiation of identifiable stages of granulocyte

Figure 21. Neutrophilic myelocyte (NM)

Figure 18. Myeloblast

Figure 25. Eosinophilic metamyelocyte

Figure 22. Eosinophilic myelocyte (EM) Neutrophilic myelocyte (NM)

Figure 26. Basophilic metamyelocyte

Figure 23. Basophilic myelocyte (BM)

Figure 27. Band neutrophil

Figure 24. Neutrophilic metamyelocyte

Figure 28. Band eosinophil

Figure 29. Mature neutrophil

MATURE EOSINOPHIL Figure 33. Monocyte

Figure 30. Mature eosinophil

Figure 35. Lymphocyte

Figure 31. Mature basophil

Figure 36. Lymphocyte

Figure 37. Megakaryoblast

Figure 41. Platelets

Figure 38. Megakaryocyte

Figure 42. Platelets

Figure 39. Megakaryocyte in a bone marrow smear (outlined)

IMMUNE SYSTEM AND LYMPHOID ORGANS

Figure 4. Bone marrow

Figure 1. Cross section through the shaft of long bone

RED BONE MARROW

Figure 3. Bone marrow from the medullary cavity of a long bone

Figure 6. Thymus from infant

Figure 3. Bone marrow in flat bone

VIRTUAL MICROSCOPY OF RED BONE MARROW

Figure 7. Thymus from infant at medium magnification

DIFFUSE LYMPHOID TISSUE

Figure 8. Thymus from infant at medium to high magnification

Figure 12. Inflamed Skin (Scanning view)

Figure 14. Epithelium and underlying connective tissue of esophagus

Figure 14. Diffuse lymphoid tissue

Figure 15. Primary Nodules

Figure 16. Anatomy of the tonsils (Waldeyer tonsillar ring)