amit@Smec.

org
 Motor converts Electrical Energy to Rotating
Mechanical Energy
 Coils placement in motor creates rotating, magnetic
field in stator
 Rotating magnetic field cuts rotor bar and induces
current in rotor
 Rotor current creates magnetic field on rotor
 Attraction of rotor to stator creates torque and, hence,
horsepower
In an AC Motor, speed varies by:

Motor Speed (rpm) = 120 x Frequency - Slip

# of Poles

Since you can not change the number of poles in an AC motor,

the frequency is changed to vary the speed.
1800 1800 = 60 x 120
(rpm) (rpm) 4

900 900 = 30 x 120

(rpm) (rpm) 4

30 Hz 60 Hz
 Torque/Current Relationship

• Current is roughly proportional to load torque

• The higher the load torque the higher the current

Horsepower of an AC motor can be determined by:

HP = Torque x Speed
5252
Where:
Torque is in lb-ft
Speed is in RPM
5252 is a constant
 I = Current
 V = Voltage
I=V
 Z = Impedance Z
To reduce motor speed effectively:
• Maintain constant relationship between
current & torque.
• A constant relationship between voltage and
frequency must be maintained.
•IMPEDANCE : Resistance of AC Current flowing through the
windings of an AC Motor.

Impedance decreases as frequency decreases

460 V

The AC variable speed drive

controls voltage & frequency
230 V simultaneously to maintain
constant volts-per-hertz relationship
keeping current flow constant.

30 Hz 60 Hz
 Rectifier DC Bus Inverter

AC Power Supply

V
V V
V

T
T T

• Rectifier • Inverter
- Converts AC line voltage to Pulsating DC voltage - Changes fixed DC to adjustable AC
- Alters the Frequency of PWM waveform
• Intermediate Circuit (DC BUS)
- Filters the pulsating DC to fixed DC voltage
Bus Voltage
Level