1

Page Lect
ures Cont
ent
:No.
‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻔﺤ‬‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﺎﺿ‬
‫ﻣﺤ‬ ‫ﻗﻢ‬
‫ﺭ‬:‫ﻮﻯ‬
‫ﺘ‬‫ﻤﺤ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
3 I
ntr
oduct
ion
‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻣ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ ﻣ‬1.
‫ﻘ‬

10 Li
ter
atur
erev
iew
‫ﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺑ‬
‫ﺩ‬‫ﺍﻷ‬
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺍﺟ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ ﻣ‬2.

15 Resear
chDesi
gn
‫ﺒﺤﺚ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﻴﻢﺍ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ ﺗﺼ‬3.

19 Quant
it
ati
ver
esear
chdesi
gn
‫ﻤﻲ‬
‫ﻜ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺒﺤﺚﺍ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﻴﻢﺍ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ ﺗﺼ‬4.

23 Qual
it
ati
ver
esear
chdesi
gn
‫ﻮﻋﻲ‬
‫ﻨ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺒﺤﺚﺍ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﻴﻢﺍ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ ﺗﺼ‬5.

28 Sampl
ingdesi
gn
‫ﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻨ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻌ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻴﻢﺍ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ ﺗﺼ‬6.

38 Dat
acol
lect
ion
‫ﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻧ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺒ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﻊﺍ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ ﺟ‬7.

43 Et
hicsandI
nfor
medconsent
‫ﺓ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻨ‬
‫ﺘ‬‫ﻤﺴ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺔﺍ‬
‫ﻘ‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻮ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ ﺍﻷﺧﻼﻕﻭ‬8.
‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬

48 Howt
owr
it
ear
esear
chpaper
‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺜ‬‫ﺔﺑﺤ‬
‫ﻗ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺔﻭ‬
‫ﺑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘ‬
‫ﺔﻛ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻔ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ ﻛ‬9.

53 Commonmi stakesi
nwr
it
inga
sci
ent
if
icpaper 10.
‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻠ‬
‫ﺔﻋ‬‫ﻗ‬
‫ﺭ‬‫ﺔﻭ‬
‫ﺑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘ‬
‫ﺔﻓﻲﻛ‬
‫ﻌ‬‫ﺋ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻟﺸ‬‫ﺀﺍ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﺍﻷﺧﻄ‬

2
 I
ntr
oduct
ion
Outli
nes:
1.I
ntr
oducti
on

2.Def
ini
ti
onoft
erms

3.Char
act
eri
sti
csofr
esear
ch

4.I
mpor
tanceofnur
singr
esear
ch

5.Char
act
eri
sti
csoft
heResear
cher

6.Rol
eofnur
sei
nresear
ch

7.St
epsi
nNur
singResear
ch
‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻣ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻘ‬
‫ﻣ‬
:
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺭﺟ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻟﺨ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻮﻁ‬ ‫ﻟﺨﻄ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻘ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
1
‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﻠﺤ‬‫ﻤﺼﻄ‬ ‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻳﻒ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺗ‬2.
‫ﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺋﺺ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺧﺼ‬3.
‫ﻳﻀﻲ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺃﻫ‬4.
‫ﺎﺣﺚ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺋﺺ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺧﺼ‬5.
‫ﺒﺤﺚ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺔﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺮﺿ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺩ‬6.
‫ﻳﺾ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻮﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﺕﻓﻲﺑﺤ‬ ‫ﻮ‬‫ﺧﻄ‬7.
I
ntr
oduct
ion
I
ntroduct ion
Nursingr esear chhasex peri
encedr emarkablegrowthinthepast
thr
eedecades, pr ovi
dingnur seswithanincreasi
nglysoundbase
ofknowl edgef rom whi chtopr act
ice.Yetaswepr oceedint
othe
21stcentur y,
manyquest ionsendur eandmuchr emainstobedone
toincorpor ater esearch-basedknowl edgeintonursi
ngpracti
ce.
Definit
ionoft erms:

Researchisasci enti
fi
cinquiryaimedat:Defi
nit
ionofresear
ch
l
earningnewf acts,t
esti
ngideas, et
c.I
tisthesystemati
c
col
lecti
on,analysi
sandi nt
erpretati
onofdatatogenerat
enew
knowledgeandansweracer tainquest
ionorsolveaproblem.
‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻣ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻘ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺪ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺓ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺎﻋ‬
‫ﻘ‬‫ﺎﺕﺑ‬‫ﺮﺿ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺩﺕﺍ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﻴﺚﺯ‬ ‫ﺣ‬،
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺎﺿ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﻼﺔﺍ‬
‫ﺜﺛ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺩﺍ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻘ‬
‫ﻌ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ًﻓﻲﺍ‬
‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻮﻇ‬‫ﻠﺤ‬
‫ًﻣ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻮ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻳ ﺾﻧ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺘ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺎﺙﺍ‬
‫ﺑﺤ‬‫ﺪﺕﺃ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﺷ‬
‫ﺩﻱﻭ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻟﺤ‬‫ﺮﻥﺍ‬‫ﻘ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﻟﻰﺍ‬‫ﻘﻞﺇ‬
‫ﺘ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﺎﻧ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﻨ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺑ‬،‫ﻟﻚ‬
‫ﻊﺫ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﻭ‬
.‫ﺔ‬‫ﺭﺳ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﻼﺎﺍ‬
‫ﻬ‬ ‫ﻜﻦﻣﻦﺧﻟ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﺪﻳ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺰ‬
‫ﺘ‬‫ﻜﻞﻣ‬‫ﺔﺑﺸ‬‫ﻳ‬
‫ﻮ‬‫ﺔﻗ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﻌ‬‫ﻣ‬

3
‫ﻴﻦ‬‫ﻌ‬
‫ﺘ‬‫ﺬﻱﻳ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺮﺍ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﺜ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺎﻙﺍ‬‫ﻨ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻫ‬‫ﻻﺰ‬
‫ﺔﻭ ﻳ‬ ‫ﻤ‬
‫ﺋ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺔﻗ‬ ‫ﻠ‬
‫ﺌ‬‫ﺪﻣﻦﺍﻷﺳ‬ ‫ﻳ‬‫ﺪ‬
‫ﻌ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍﻝﺍ‬‫ﻻﺰ‬
‫ﺗ‬، ‫ﺎﺿﻲ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺮﻥﺍ‬‫ﻘ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﻤﻦﺍ‬‫ﺭﻋ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻳﻦﺷ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫ﻌﺸ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬
.
‫ﻳﺾ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫ﻤ‬
‫ﺘ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺔﺍ‬‫ﺭﺳ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﺎﺙﻓﻲﻣ‬ ‫ﺑﺤ‬‫ﻠﻰﺍﻷ‬
‫ﺔﻋ‬ ‫ﻤ‬‫ﺋ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻘ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺔﺍ‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﻤ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﻣﺞﺍ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻪ‬‫ﺎﻡﺑ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬
:
‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﻠﺤ‬‫ﻤﺼﻄ‬ ‫ﻟ‬
‫ﻳﻒﺍ‬ ‫ﺮ‬
‫ﻌ‬‫ﺗ‬
‫ﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺎﺇ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﻭ‬،‫ﺭ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻜ‬
‫ﻓ‬‫ﺭﺍﻷ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺒ‬‫ﺘ‬
‫ﺍﺧ‬‫ﻭ‬،‫ﺓ‬‫ﺪ‬
‫ﻳ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺋﻖﺟ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻘ‬
‫ﻠﻢﺣ‬ ‫ﻌ‬‫ﻟﻰﺗ‬‫ﺪﻑﺇ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﻤﻲﻳ‬ ‫ﻠ‬‫ﺭﻋ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻔﺴ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻮﺍﺳ‬ ‫ﺒﺤﺚﻫ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬:
‫ﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﻟ‬
‫ﻳﻒﺍ‬ ‫ﺮ‬
‫ﻌ‬‫ﺗ‬
‫ﻭ‬‫ﻴﻦﺃ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺍﻝﻣ‬‫ﺆ‬‫ﻠﻰﺳ‬‫ﺔﻋ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺟ‬
‫ﺓﻭ‬ ‫ﺪ‬
‫ﻳ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺔﺟ‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻌ‬
‫ﺪﻣ‬ ‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺮﺍ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻔﺴ‬‫ﺗ‬‫ﻴﻞﻭ‬‫ﻠ‬
‫ﺗﺤ‬ ‫ﻬﺠﻲﻭ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻊﻣ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻪﺟ‬.‫ﻧ‬‫ﻟﻚﺇ‬‫ﺫ‬
.
‫ﺎ‬‫ﺔﻣ‬‫ﻠ‬
‫ﻜ‬‫ﺣﻞﻣﺸ‬

Nursingresear
ch:i
ssyst
emat i
cinquir
ydesignedtodev el
op
knowledgeabouti
ssuesofimportancetothenursingprofessi
on,
i
ncludingnursi
ngpr
acti
ce,educat
ion,admi
nistrat
ion,and
i
nformatics.

Subject
sorstudypart
ici
pantsar
ethepeoplewhoarebei
ng
studi
edandwhopr ov
ideinf
ormati
ontoresear
cher
sbyanswer
ing
questi
onsdi
rectl
y.

Resear
chSetti
ngs:i
stheov er
all
locationfortheresearch—itcould
beanenti
recommuni t
y(e.g.
,di
stri
ct,governorat
e)orani nst
it
ution
wit
hinacommunity(e.
g.,Assi
utuniversi
tyhospital
s).

Reli
abil
it
y( orpreci
sion):Thi
sreferst
otherepeatabil
i
tyofa
measure,i.
e.,t
hedegr eeofclosenessbet
weenr epeated
measurement softhesamev al
ue.Reli
abi
li
tyaddressest he
questi
on,ifthesamet hingismeasuredseveral
times, howclose
arethemeasur ement st
oeachot her?

‫ﺍﻷ‬‫ﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺎﺫ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻘﻀ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻮﻝ‬‫ﺔﺣ‬ ‫ﻓ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺘﻄ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻤﻢ‬‫ﻬﺠﻲﻣﺼ‬ ‫ﻨ‬‫ﺀﻣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻘﺼ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺍﺳ‬‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﻫ‬:‫ﻳﺾ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺘ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﻮﺙﺍ‬‫ﺑﺤ‬
‫ﻭ‬،‫ﺓ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺩ‬‫ﺍﻹ‬‫ﻭ‬، ‫ﻴﻢ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺘ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻭ‬،‫ﻳﺾ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﺭﺳ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟﻚﻣ‬ ‫ﺎﻓﻲﺫ‬ ‫ﻤ‬
‫ﺑ‬،‫ﻳﺾ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫ﻤ‬
‫ﺘ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻨ‬
‫ﻬ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻫ‬
.‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﺗ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻮ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻳﻦ‬‫ﺬ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻬﻢﻭ‬ ‫ﺘ‬
‫ﺍﺳ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺘﻢﺩ‬ ‫ﻳﻦﺗ‬‫ﺬ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﻫﺍﻷﺷﺨ‬‫ﺔﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﺳ‬ ‫ﺭ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻴﻦﻓﻲﺍ‬ ‫ﻛ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤﺸ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺎﺕﺃ‬ ‫ﻮﻋ‬‫ﻮﺿ‬ ‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬
.
‫ﺓ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫ﺎﺷ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺔﻣ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺌ‬‫ﺍﻷﺳ‬‫ﻠﻰ‬‫ﺔﻋ‬ ‫ﺑ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﺍﻹﺟ‬‫ﻴﻦﻣﻦﺧﻼﻝ‬ ‫ﺜ‬‫ﺎﺣ‬‫ﺒ‬
‫ﻠ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﻤ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻮﻥ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻳ‬
‫ﻴﻞ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻠﻰﺳ‬ ‫(ﻋ‬‫ﻣﻼ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺎﻛ‬ً
‫ﻌ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻮﻥﻣﺠ‬ ‫ﻜ‬‫ﺃﻥﻳ‬‫ﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻤ‬
‫ﻳ‬-‫ﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﻠ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﻡ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻊ‬ ‫ﻗ‬
‫ﻮ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻫ‬:‫ﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍﺕﺍ‬ ‫ﺩ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺇﻋ‬
‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻔ‬‫ﺘﺸ‬ ‫ﻣﺴ‬،‫ﺎ‬‫ﺜﻝ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻴﻞ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻠﻰﺳ‬ ‫(ﻋ‬ ‫ﻊ‬‫ﻤ‬
‫ﺘ‬‫ﻤﺠ‬ ‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺍﺧﻞ‬‫ﺔﺩ‬ ‫ﺆﺳﺴ‬ ‫ﻭﻣ‬‫ﺃ‬)‫ﺔ‬‫ﻓﻈ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣﺤ‬، ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻘ‬ ‫ﻨﻄ‬‫ﻣ‬،‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺜﻝ‬ ‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻮﻁ‬ ‫ﻴ‬
‫ﺃﺳ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺟ‬
‫ﻴﻦ‬‫ﺭﺏﺑ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻘ‬
‫ﺘ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺔ‬‫ﺭﺟ‬ ‫ﺃﻱﺩ‬ ، ‫ﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻘ‬‫ﺭﻣ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻜ‬
‫ﺔﺗ‬ ‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻠ‬‫ﺑ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻟﻰﻗ‬ ‫ﺍﺇ‬
‫ﺬ‬ ‫ﺮﻫ‬ ‫ﻴ‬‫ﻳﺸ‬:)‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫(ﻭﺍ‬
‫ﺔﺃ‬ ‫ﻴ‬‫ﻗ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺛ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬)
‫ﺀ‬
‫ﻟﺸﻲ‬ ‫ﺍ‬‫ﻔﺲ‬ ‫ﺎﺱﻧ‬ ‫ﻴ‬‫ﺍﺗﻢﻗ‬ ‫ﺫ‬‫ﺇ‬،‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺆﻝ‬ ‫ﻟﺴ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻟﺞ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺔﺗ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻗ‬
‫ﻮ‬‫ﺛ‬‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬.‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻤ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻔﺲ‬ ‫ﻨ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺓ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﺎﺳ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺪﻯ‬ ‫ﺎﻣ‬،
‫ﺍﺕ ﻣ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫ﺓﻣ‬‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﻋ‬
‫؟‬‫ﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﺒ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﻌﻀ‬‫ﺎﺕﻣﻦﺑ‬ ‫ﺎﺳ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺮﺏ‬ ‫ﻗ‬
Vali
dity:Thisrefer stot hedegr eeofcl osenessbet weena
measur ementandt het ruevalueofwhati sbei ngmeasur ed.
Character i
sti
csofr esear ch
1.Empi ri
cal.Resear chi sbasedondi r
ectexper i
enceor
observationbyt her esear cher.
2.Logi
cal
.Resear
chi
sbasedonv
ali
dpr
ocedur
esandpr
inci
ples.

4
3.Cycl
ical
.Resear
chisacy
cli
cal
processbecausei
tst
art
swi
tha
probl
em andendswit
haprobl
em.
4.Analyt
ical.Researchutil
i
zesprovenanaly
ticalpr
oceduresi
n
gather
ingthedat a,whetherhi
stor
ical
,descr
ipti
ve,exper
iment
al
andcasest udy.

5.Cr
it
ical
.Resear
chexhi
bit
scar
eful
andpr
eci
sej
udgment
.
6.Methodical
.Researchisconductedi
namethodicalmanner
wit
houtbiasusingsystemati
cmet hodandpr
ocedures.
7.Replicabi
li
ty.Theresear
chdesignandproceduresar
erepl
i
cat
ed
orrepeatedtoenabletheresear
chertoar
ri
v eatvali
dand
conclusiver
esults.

‫ﺔ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻘ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺎﺱﻭ‬ ‫ﻴ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺭﺏﺑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻘ‬
‫ﺘ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺔ‬
‫ﺭﺟ‬‫ﻟﻰﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺇ‬‫ﺬ‬‫ﺮﻫ‬ ‫ﻴ‬‫ﻳﺸ‬:‫ﺣ‬
‫ﺔ‬‫ﺻﻼﻴ‬
.‫ﻪ‬‫ﺎﺳ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺘﻢﻗ‬ ‫ﺎﻳ‬‫ﻤ‬
‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻘ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻟﺤ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺋ ﺺﺍ‬ ‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺧﺼ‬
.‫ﺎﺣﺚ‬ ‫ﺒ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺒﻞ‬‫ﺔﻣﻦﻗ‬ ‫ﻤﻼﺣﻈ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﺓ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺎﺷ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺓ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺒ‬
‫ﻟﺨ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻠﻰ‬‫ﺒﺤﺚﻋ‬ ‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻳ‬.‫ﺒﻲ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺗﺠ‬1.
.‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻴﺤ‬‫ﻟﺼﺤ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺩﺉ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺒ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺍﺕﻭ‬ ‫ﺀ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﺍﻹﺟ‬‫ﻠﻰ‬‫ﺒﺤﺚﻋ‬ ‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺪ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﻳ‬
.‫ﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﻨﻄ‬‫ﻣ‬2.
.‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻠ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﻤﺸ‬‫ﻬﻲﺑ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻨ‬
‫ﻳ‬‫ﺔﻭ‬ ‫ﻠ‬
‫ﻜ‬‫ﻤﺸ‬ ‫ﺃﺑ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺒ‬
‫ﻪﻳ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺔﻷ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺔﺩ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺒﺤﺚﻋ‬ ‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬.‫ﺭﻱ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺩ‬3.
‫ﻧﺖ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺀﻛ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻮ‬‫ﺎﺕﺳ‬ ‫ﻧ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻊ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺔﻓﻲﺟ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﺒ‬
‫ﺜ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻠ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻠ‬
‫ﺘﺤ‬ ‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺍﺕ‬‫ﺀ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺟ‬ ‫ﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻡ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺘﺨ‬ ‫ﻳﺴ‬.‫ﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻠ‬‫ﺗﺤ‬4.
.‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻟﺤ‬ ‫ﺍ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﺍﺳ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺩ‬
‫ﺔﻭ‬ ‫ﻴ‬‫ﺒ‬
‫ﻳ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻭﺗﺠ‬ ‫ﺃ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻔ‬‫ﻭﻭﺻ‬ ‫ﺃ‬‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﻳﺨ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺗ‬
.
ً
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﺩ‬
‫ﺎﻭ‬ً
‫ﻘ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻗ‬
‫ﺎﺩ‬ً
‫ﻤ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﺒﺤﺚﺣ‬ ‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺮﺽ‬ ‫ﻌ‬
‫ﻳ‬.‫ﺮﺝ‬ ‫ﺣ‬5.
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻳ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﻡﻃ‬ ‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺪ‬‫ﺘﺨ‬ ‫ﺎﺳ‬‫ﺰﺑ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻭﻥﺗﺤ‬‫ﺔﺩ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻬﺠ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﺔﻣ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺒﺤﺚﺑﻄ‬ ‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺀ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺘﻢﺇﺟ‬‫ﻳ‬.‫ﻣﻰ‬ ‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻧﻈ‬ ‫ﻬﺠﻲﺍ‬ ‫ﻨ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬6.
.‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻬﺠ‬ ‫ﻨ‬
‫ﺍﺕﻣ‬ ‫ﺀ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﺇﺟ‬‫ﻭ‬
‫ﻴﻦ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺭﻫ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﻜ‬‫ﻭﺗ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺍﺕ‬‫ﺀ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﺇﺟ‬‫ﻴﻢﻭ‬ ‫ﻤ‬‫ﺭﺗﺼ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻜ‬
‫ﺘﻢﺗ‬‫ﻳ‬.‫ﺛﻞ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﻨﺴﺦﺍ‬ ‫ﻟ‬‫ﺔﺍ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻠ‬
‫ﺑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻗ‬
7.
.‫ﺔ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺎﺳ‬‫ﺔﻭﺣ‬ ‫ﻴﺤ‬‫ﺋﺞ ﺻﺤ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘ‬
‫ﻟﻰﻧ‬ ‫ﻮﻝﺇ‬‫ﻮﺻ‬ ‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺎﺣﺚﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺒ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
Purposesofr esearch
•Tohav ear esearch-basedpr actice
•Todocumentcont ri
buti
onst onur singandt heov erallheal thcare
•Togener ateknowl edge
•Toimpr ovet heimageofnur si
ng

Importanceofnur si
ngr esearch
•Isessenti
alforthedev el
opmentofempi r
icalknowledgethat
enablesnursestopr ovi
deev idence-basednursingcare
•Broadly,
thenursingpr ofessionisaccountabl
et osociet
yf or
provi
dinghighqual i
ty,
cost -
effect
ivecareforpat i
ent
sandf amili
es.

Char
act
eri
sti
csoft
he
Resear
cher

5
1.I
ntell
ect
ualCur
iosit
y.Aresearcherunder
takesadeept
hinki
ng
andinqui
ryoft
hethings,
andsituati
onsaroundhim.

2.Prudence.Ther
esear
cheri
scar
eful
toconducthi
sresear
ch
studyattheri
ghtt
imeandatt
heri
ghtplacewi
sel
y,ef
fi
cient
ly,
and
economicall
y.

3.HealthyCri
ticism.Ther esearcherisalwaysdoubtfulastothe
tr
uthful
nessoft heresult
s.
4.Int
ell
ectualHonest y
.Ani ntel
ligentresear
cherishonestto
coll
ectorgatherdataorf actsinor dertoarr
iveathonestresul
ts.

5.Int ell
ectualCr eat i
vit
y–Apr oductiveandr esourcef ul
i
nv est i
gatoralway screatesnewr esear ches.
‫ﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ ﺽﺍ‬ ‫ﺮ‬
‫ﺃﻏ‬
‫ﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻠﻰ‬‫ﺔﻋ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺋ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﺔﻗ‬‫ﺭﺳ‬ ‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﻳﻚﻣ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻜ‬‫•ﻥﻳ‬‫ﺃ‬
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻟﺸ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻟﺼﺤ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻳ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﺮﻋ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻳ ﺾﻭ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺎﺕﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤ‬‫ﺎﻫ‬‫ﻤﺴ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻴﻖ‬‫ﺛ‬‫ﻮ‬‫•ﺗ‬
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺮ‬
‫ﻌ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﺘ‬
‫ﻟ‬•
‫ﻳﺾ‬‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻤ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺓ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻴﻦ ﺻ‬ ‫•ﺗﺤﺴ‬
‫ﻳﻀﻲ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺘ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺒﺤﺚﺍ‬ ‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺔﺍ‬ ‫ﻴ‬‫ﻤ‬
‫ﺃﻫ‬
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺮﻋ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
-‫ﺩ‬
‫ﻷﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻳﻢ‬‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﻘ‬‫ﺎﺕﻣﻦﺗ‬ ‫ﺮﺿ‬ ‫ﻤ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻜﻦ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺘﻲﺗ‬ ‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻓ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺒ‬
‫ﻳ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺘﺠ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺘﻄ‬ ‫ﻟ‬‫ﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻭ‬‫ﺮ‬‫•ﺿ‬
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺋ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻘ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻳﻀ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺓ‬‫ﺩ‬‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﺠ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺔﻋ‬ ‫ﻳ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺮﺭ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻊ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻤﺠ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻡ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺆ‬‫ﻳ ﺾﻣﺴ‬ ‫ﺮ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﺈﻥﻣ‬ ‫ﻓ‬، ‫ﻡ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻜﻞﻋ‬ ‫•ﺑﺸ‬
‫ﻷﺮ‬
‫ﺍﺳ‬ ‫ﺮﺿﻰﻭ‬ ‫ﻤ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺔﻝ‬ ‫ﻔ‬
‫ﻠ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻴﺚ‬ ‫ﺔﻣﻦﺣ‬ ‫ﻟ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻌ‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﻭ‬
‫ﺎﺣﺚ‬ ‫ﺒ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺋ ﺺﺍ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺧﺼ‬
‫ﻗﻒﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻮ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺀﻭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻟﻸﺷ‬ ‫ﺀ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻘﺼ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﺍﺳ‬‫ﻴﻖﻭ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺮﻋ‬ ‫ﻴ‬‫ﻜ‬
‫ﻔ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺎﺣﺚﺑ‬ ‫ﺒ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻡ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻘ‬
‫ﻳ‬.‫ﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﻜ‬‫ﻔ‬ ‫ﻟ‬
‫ﻮﻝﺍ‬ ‫ﻔﻀ‬ ‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬1.
.‫ﻪ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺣ‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺎﺳﺐﻭ‬ ‫ﻨ‬‫ﻤ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺔﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴ‬‫ﺜ‬‫ﺒﺤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻪ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺍﺳ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺀﺩ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻠﻰﺇﺟ‬‫ﺎﺣﺚﻋ‬ ‫ﺒ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺮﺹ‬ ‫ﻳﺤ‬.‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻜ‬‫ﻟﺤ‬‫ﺍ‬2.
.‫ﺩ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺘﺼ‬ ‫ﻗ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺔﻭ‬ ‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻌ‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﺔﻭ‬‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻜ‬‫ﺎﺳﺐﺑﺤ‬ ‫ﻨ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺎﻥ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬
.‫ﺋﺞ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺘ‬‫ﻨ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﺎﻓﻲ ﺻﺤ‬ ً
‫ﻤ‬‫ﺋ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺎﺣﺚﺩ‬ ‫ﺒ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻳﺸﻚ‬ .‫ﻴﻢ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺪﺳ‬ ‫ﻘ‬‫ﻧ‬3.
‫ﺃﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﺋﻖﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻘ‬‫ﻟﺤ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺃ‬‫ﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻧ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻊ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻭﺟ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻊ‬‫ﻤ‬
‫ﺩﻕﻓﻲﺟ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻛﻲ ﺻ‬ ‫ﺬ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺎﺣﺚ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
.‫ﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﻜ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺪﻕﺍ‬ ‫ﻟﺼ‬‫ﺍ‬4.
.
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻗ‬‫ﺩ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺋﺞ ﺻ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻟﻰﻧ‬ ‫ﻮﻝﺇ‬ ‫ﻮﺻ‬ ‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬
.‫ﺓ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻳ‬
‫ﺪ‬‫ﺎﺙﺟ‬ ‫ﺑﺤ‬ ‫ﺃ‬‫ﺀ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻧﺸ‬‫ﺈ‬
‫ﺎﺑ‬ً
‫ﻤ‬‫ﺋ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻊﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺳ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺮﻭ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺜ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻘﻖ‬‫ﻤﺤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻡ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻳ‬-‫ﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﻜ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍﻉﺍ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺍﻹ‬5.
Roleofnur sei nr esearch:
Partici
patei nj our nalclubi napr acti
ceset ti
ngt odiscuss&
crit
iquer esearchar ti
cles.
Attendr esear chpr esentationsatpr ofessionalconf erences.
Evaluatecompl etedr esear chforitspossi bl
eusei npr actice
Helpt odev elopani deaf oracl i
nicalstudy

Revi
ewaproposedr
esearchplanandot
hercl
ini
calexper
ti
set
o
i
mprovet
heplan
Assi
str
esear
chersi
ncoll
ecti
nginfor
mati
onforst
udy

6
 ‫‪Pr‬‬ ‫‪ov‬‬‫‪i‬‬
‫‪dei‬‬ ‫‪nf‬‬‫‪or‬‬‫‪mat‬‬‫‪i‬‬‫‪onandadv‬‬ ‫‪i‬‬‫‪set‬‬‫‪ocl‬‬ ‫‪i‬‬
‫‪ent‬‬ ‫‪swhoar‬‬ ‫‪epar‬‬ ‫‪t‬‬‫‪i‬‬‫‪ci‬‬
‫‪pat‬‬ ‫‪i‬‬‫‪ngi‬‬ ‫‪n‬‬
‫‪st‬‬‫‪udi‬‬‫‪es‬‬
‫‪Di‬‬‫‪scusst‬‬ ‫‪hei‬‬‫‪mpl‬‬‫‪i‬‬‫‪cat‬‬‫‪i‬‬
‫‪onsandr‬‬ ‫‪el‬‬‫‪ev‬‬‫‪anceofr‬‬ ‫‪esear‬‬‫‪chf‬‬ ‫‪i‬‬‫‪ndi‬‬‫‪ngswi‬‬ ‫‪t‬‬‫‪h‬‬
‫‪cl‬‬
‫‪i‬‬‫‪ent‬‬‫‪s‬‬
‫‪St‬‬‫‪epsi‬‬ ‫‪nNur‬‬ ‫‪si‬‬‫‪ngResear‬‬ ‫‪ch‬‬
‫‪1.I‬‬‫‪dent‬‬‫‪i‬‬‫‪f‬‬‫‪i‬‬
‫‪cat‬‬‫‪i‬‬‫‪onoft‬‬ ‫‪hephenomenon/pr‬‬ ‫‪obl‬‬ ‫‪em oft‬‬ ‫‪hest‬‬ ‫‪udy‬‬
‫‪2.Rev‬‬ ‫‪i‬‬
‫‪ewofl‬‬ ‫‪i‬‬‫‪t‬‬
‫‪er‬‬‫‪at‬‬
‫‪ur‬‬ ‫‪e‬‬
‫‪3.I‬‬‫‪dent‬‬‫‪i‬‬‫‪f‬‬‫‪y‬‬‫‪i‬‬
‫‪ngt‬‬ ‫‪heassumpt‬‬ ‫‪i‬‬
‫‪onandf‬‬ ‫‪or‬‬‫‪mul‬‬ ‫‪at‬‬‫‪i‬‬‫‪onofHy‬‬ ‫‪pot‬‬‫‪hesi‬‬ ‫‪s‬‬
‫‪4.Sel‬‬‫‪ect‬‬ ‫‪i‬‬
‫‪onofr‬‬ ‫‪esear‬‬‫‪chdesi‬‬ ‫‪gn‬‬
‫‪5.Desi‬‬‫‪gni‬‬ ‫‪ngofsampl‬‬ ‫‪i‬‬
‫‪ngdesi‬‬ ‫‪gn‬‬
‫‪6.Col‬‬ ‫‪l‬‬
‫‪ect‬‬‫‪i‬‬‫‪onofdat‬‬ ‫‪a‬‬
‫‪7.Anal‬‬ ‫‪y‬‬‫‪si‬‬
‫‪soft‬‬ ‫‪hedat‬‬ ‫‪a‬‬
‫‪8.Communi‬‬ ‫‪cat‬‬‫‪i‬‬
‫‪ngt‬‬ ‫‪hef‬‬‫‪i‬‬‫‪ndi‬‬
‫‪ngs‬‬
‫‪:‬‬
‫ﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﻟ‬‫ﺔﻓﻲﺍ‬ ‫ﺮﺿ‬ ‫ﻤ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻭ‬‫ﺩ‬
‫‪.‬‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺜ‬‫ﺒﺤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺎﻻﺕ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺪ‬
‫ﻘ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺔﻭ‬‫ﻗﺸ‬ ‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻨ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﺭﺳ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺔﻣ‬‫ﺌ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻤﺠﻼﺕﻓﻲﺑ‬ ‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺔﻓﻲﻧ‬ ‫ﻛ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤﺸ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫‪-‬‬
‫‪.‬‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻨ‬
‫ﻬ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺍﺕ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺗ‬‫ﺆ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺔﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴ‬‫ﺜ‬‫ﺒﺤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻭﺽ‬ ‫ﺮ‬
‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﻮ‬ ‫‪-‬ﺣﻀ‬
‫ﺔ‬‫ﺭﺳ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻤﻞﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﻤﺤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻪ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺘﺨ‬ ‫ﻤﻞﻻﺳ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻴ‬‫ﻘ‬
‫ﺗ‬‫‪-‬‬
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻳ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺔﺳ‬ ‫ﺍﺳ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺓ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﻜ‬ ‫ﺮﻓ‬ ‫ﻳ‬
‫ﻮ‬‫ﺪﻓﻲﺗﻄ‬ ‫ﺎﻋ‬‫ﺗﺴ‬‫‪-‬‬
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻟﺨﻄ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻴﻦ‬‫ﺘﺤﺴ‬ ‫ﻟ‬
‫ﻷﺮ‬
‫ﺍﺧ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﻳ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻟﺴ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺍﺕ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻟﺨ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺔﻭ‬‫ﺮﺣ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﺔﺧﻄ‬ ‫ﻌ‬‫ﺍﺟ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻤ‬‫‪-‬ﻗﻢﺑ‬
‫‪.‬‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﺍﺳ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻠ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﻠ‬
‫ﻌ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻊ‬‫ﻤ‬
‫ﻴﻦﻓﻲﺟ‬ ‫ﺜ‬‫ﺎﺣ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺓ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﺎﻋ‬‫‪-‬ﻣﺴ‬
‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﺳ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻴﻦﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻛ‬
‫ﺭ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤﺸ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺀ‬‫ﻤﻼ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺓ‬ ‫ﺭ‬
‫ﻮ‬‫ﻤﺸ‬ ‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺎﺕﻭ‬ ‫ﻣ‬‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﻠ‬
‫ﻌ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻳﻢ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻘ‬‫‪-‬ﺗ‬
‫ﺀ‬‫ﻤﻼ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻊ‬‫ﺒﺤﺚﻣ‬ ‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺋﺞ‬ ‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺘ‬‫ﺔﻧ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺃﻫ‬‫ﺎﺕﻭ‬ ‫ﺎﺳ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻗﺶ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫‪-‬ﻧ‬
‫ﻳﺾ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫ﻤ‬
‫ﺘ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻮﺙﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﺕﻓﻲﺑﺤ‬ ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﺧﻄ‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺳ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻠ‬
‫ﻜ‬‫ﺓ‪/‬ﻣﺸ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫ﺎﻫ‬‫ﺪﻇ‬ ‫ﻳ‬‫ﺪ‬‫‪1.‬ﺗﺤ‬
‫ﺩﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻷ‬‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻌ‬‫ﺍﺟ‬‫ﺮ‬‫‪2.‬ﻣ‬
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺮﺿ‬ ‫ﻔ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﺎﻏ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺎﺕﻭﺻ‬ ‫ﺍﺿ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﺍﻻ‬‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﻳ‬‫ﺪ‬‫‪3.‬ﺗﺤ‬
‫ﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻴﻢ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺭﺗﺼ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺍﺧ‬ ‫‪4.‬‬
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻳ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻴﻢ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻴﻢﺗﺼ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫‪5.‬ﺗﺼ‬
‫ﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻧ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺒ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻊ‬ ‫ﻤ‬‫‪6.‬ﺟ‬
‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﺒ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻴﻞ‬‫ﻠ‬‫‪7.‬ﺗﺤ‬
‫ﺋﺞ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﻨ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻴﻞ‬‫ﻮﺻ‬ ‫‪8.‬ﺗ‬

‫‪7‬‬
 Li
ter
atur
erev
iew
Outli
nes:
1)I
ntroducti
on
2)Defini
ti
on
3)Purposeofliteraturerevi
ew
4)I
mpor tanceofliteraturer
evi
ew
5)Stepsoflit
eraturer evi
ew
6)Typesofsour cesf orrevi
ew
‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﺑ‬‫ﺩ‬‫ﺍﻷ‬
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺍﺟ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﻣ‬
:
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺭﺟ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻟﺨ‬‫ﻮﻁﺍ‬‫ﻟﺨﻄ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻣ‬1)
‫ﻳﻒ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺗ‬2)
‫ﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺑ‬
‫ﺩ‬‫ﺍﻷ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺍﺟ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﺮ ﺽﻣﻦﻣ‬ ‫ﻐ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬3)
‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻷ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺍﺟ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﺔﻣ‬ ‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﺃﻫ‬4)
‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﺑ‬‫ﺩ‬‫ﺍﻷ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻌ‬
‫ﺍﺟ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺍﺕﻣ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺧﻄ‬5)
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺍﺟ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺭ‬‫ﺩ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻤﺼ‬ ‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺍﻉ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻧ‬
‫ﺃ‬6)
Literaturerevi
ew
Introduction:
Al i
teraturerevi
ewi sacompr ehensiv
esummar yofprevi
ous
researchonat opic.Theli
ter
aturerevi
ewsurvey sschol
arl
yarti
cles,
books, andot hersourcesrel
evanttoapart
icularareaofresear
ch.

8
Defi
niti
on
Alit
erat
urer evi
ewisacri
ti
calanal
ysi
sofpubli
shedsources,or
l
it
eratur
e, onaparti
cul
art
opic.I
tisanassessmentoftheli
terat
ure
andprovidesasummar y,
classi
fi
cati
on,
comparisonand
eval
uati
on.
Purposeofl i
ter
atur
erevi
ew

Provideacont extfort her esearch

I
dentifysemi nalwor ksandschol arsint hefi
eld
Acknowledgeexi sti
ngt heories,pointsofv i
ew,hypot
heses,etc.I
n
t
hef i
eldofresearchj ustifyther esearch
Clearupmi sconcept ionsaboutpr eviousresearch
Ensurether esearchhasnotbeendonebef ore(ori
fiti
srepeated,
t
hatitismarkedasa" replicati
onst udy "
)

Showwher et her esear chfit

sintot heexi sti
ngbodyofknowl edge
Enablether esear chert olearnfrom pr evioust heor yont he
subject
I
ll
ust r
atehowt hesubj ecthasbeenpr ev i
ousl yst udi ed
Highli
ghtf l
awsi npr ev i
ousresearch
Outli
negapsi npr ev i
ousr esearch
Showt hatt hewor ki saddingtot heunder standi ngand
knowl edgeoft hef i
eld
Helprefinet hetopi c,refocusthet opic,orev encont ri
butet othe
topic'sevolution
‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺩ‬
‫ﺔﺍﻷ‬ ‫ﻌ‬‫ﺍﺟ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﻣ‬
:
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺍﺟ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻡﻣ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﺗ‬.‫ﺎ‬‫ﻮﻉﻣ‬ ‫ﻮﺿ‬ ‫ﻮﻝﻣ‬ ‫ﺔﺣ‬ ‫ﻘ‬‫ﺑ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻟﺴ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺎﺙ‬ ‫ﺑﺤ‬‫ﻟﻸ‬‫ﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻠﺨ ﺺﺷ‬ ‫ﺎﺕﻫﻲﻣ‬ ‫ﻴ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻷ‬‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻌ‬
‫ﺍﺟ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺎﻝﺑﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﻤﺠ‬‫ﺔﺑ‬ ‫ﻠ‬
‫ﻟﺼ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﺕ‬‫ﺮﻯﺫ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺧ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺩ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻤﺼ‬ ‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺘﺐﻭ‬ ‫ﻜ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺔﻭ‬ ‫ﻴ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻘ‬‫ﻤ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻤﺴﺢ‬‫ﺎﺕﺑ‬ ‫ﻴ‬
‫ﺑ‬‫ﺩ‬‫ﻷ‬
.
‫ﻴﻦ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺮ‬
‫ﻌ‬‫ﺗ‬
‫ﻮﻉ‬‫ﻮﺿ‬ ‫ﻮﻝﻣ‬ ‫ﺣ‬، ‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺩ‬‫ﺃﺍﻷ‬
‫ﻭ‬، ‫ﺓ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻨﺸ‬‫ﻤ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺩ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻤﺼ‬ ‫ﻠ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﻘ‬‫ﻴﻞﻧ‬ ‫ﻠ‬‫ﺎﺕﻫﻲﺗﺤ‬ ‫ﻴ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻷ‬‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻌ‬
‫ﺍﺟ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻣ‬
.ً
‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻘ‬‫ﺗ‬‫ﺔﻭ‬ ‫ﻧ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻘ‬
‫ﻣ‬‫ﺎﻭ‬ً
‫ﻔ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻨ‬
‫ﻭﺗﺼ‬ ً‫ﻠﺨ ﺺ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻡﻣ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺎﺕﻭ‬ ‫ﻴ‬‫ﺑ‬
‫ﺩ‬‫ﻟﻸ‬‫ﻴﻢ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻪﺗ‬.
‫ﻧ‬‫ﻴﻦﺇ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻴ‬‫ﺑ‬
‫ﺩ‬‫ﺔﺍﻷ‬ ‫ﻌ‬‫ﺍﺟ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺮ ﺽﻣﻦﻣ‬ ‫ﻐ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﻠ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺎﻕ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺮﺳ‬ ‫ﻴ‬‫ﻓ‬
‫ﻮ‬‫ﺗ‬-
‫ﺎﻝ‬‫ﻤﺠ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺬ‬‫ﺀﻓﻲﻫ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺔﻭ‬ ‫ﻴ‬‫ﺎﺳ‬ ‫ﺎﺍﻷﺳ‬
‫ﻷﻤﻝ‬‫ﺍﻋ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺗﺤ‬-
‫ﺎﻝ‬‫ﻓﻲﻣﺠ‬ .‫ﻟﻚ‬‫ﻟﻰﺫ‬ ‫ﺎﺇ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺓﻭ‬ ‫ﺩ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻮﺟ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺮﺿ‬ ‫ﻔ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺮﻭ‬‫ﻨﻈ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﻬ‬ ‫ﻭﺟ‬‫ﺎﺕﻭ‬ ‫ﻳ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﻨﻈ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻑﺑ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫ﺘ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻋ‬-
‫ﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺭ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺗ‬
،‫ﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺪﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛ‬‫ﺄ‬
‫ﺑﻖﺗ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻟﺴ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺒﺤﺚ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺔﺣ‬ ‫ﺌ‬‫ﺎﻃ‬ ‫ﻟﺨ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻴﻢ‬‫ﺎﻫ‬
‫ﻔ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻮﺿ‬‫ﺗ‬-
)"‫ﺭ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﺔﺗ‬‫ﺍﺳ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺩ‬"‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻧ‬
‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻠﻰ‬‫ﻩﻋ‬‫ﺰ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﺘﻢﺗ‬‫ﻳ‬، ‫ﺭ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﺍﺗ‬‫ﺫ‬‫(ﻭﺇ‬
‫ﺒﻞﺃ‬ ‫ﺒﺤﺚﻣﻦﻗ‬ ‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺀ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﻡﺇﺟ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﻋ‬-
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻟﺤ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻌ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻮﻋ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻊﻣﺠ‬ ‫ﺒﺤﺚﻣ‬ ‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺎﺳﺐ‬ ‫ﻨ‬‫ﺘ‬
‫ﻳﻦﻳ‬‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺮ‬
‫ﻬ‬‫ﺃﻇ‬-
‫ﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﻮﺿ‬ ‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺔﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻘ‬
‫ﺑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻟﺴ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻳ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﻨﻈ‬ ‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻠﻢﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻌ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺎﺣﺚﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺒ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻴﻦ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺗ‬
-
‫ﺑﻖ‬ ‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻟﺴ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻮﺏﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺀﻋ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻟﻀ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻠﻂ‬‫ﺳ‬.‫ﺎ‬
ً‫ﻘ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻮﻉﻣﺴ‬ ‫ﻮﺿ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺳ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﻤﺖﺩ‬ ‫ﻴﻒﺗ‬‫ﻭﺿﺢﻛ‬-

9
 ‫ﺑﻖ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻟﺴ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺍﺕﻓﻲ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻔﺠ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺩ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺣ‬-
‫ﺎﻝ‬‫ﻤﺠ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﻌ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﻬﻢﻭ‬‫ﻟﻰﻓ‬‫ﻴﻒﺇ‬‫ﻤﻞﻳﻀ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺃﻥ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﻬ‬‫ﺃﻇ‬-
‫ﺭ‬
‫ﻮ‬‫ﺔﻓﻲﺗﻄ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﺎﻫ‬
‫ﻤﺴ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺘﻰ‬
‫ﻭﺣ‬‫ﺃ‬
‫ﻮﻉ‬‫ﻮﺿ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺰ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﻛ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﺓﺗ‬‫ﺩ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺇﻋ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﻮﻉ‬‫ﻮﺿ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻴﻦ‬‫ﺪﻓﻲﺗﺤﺴ‬‫ﺎﻋ‬‫ﺳ‬-
‫ﻮﻉ‬‫ﻮﺿ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬

I
mportanceofl it
eraturereview:
Todef i
neandl i
mi toftheresearch
Toplacey ourstudyi nanhistori
calperspecti
ve
Toavoi dunnecessar ydupli
cati
on
Toeval uat
epromi singresearchmet hods
Torelateyourfindingstopr evi
ousknowl edgeandsuggest
f
urt
herr esearch

St
epsofl
i
ter
atur
erev
iew

Selecti
ngthet opic
Setti
ngthet opi cincont ext
Lookingatinf ormat ionsour ces
Usinginformat i
onsour ces
Getti
ngt heinf ormat i
on
Organizi
ngi nf ormation
Positi
oningt hel i
teraturer evi
ew
Writi
ngthel iteratur
er eview
Typesofsour cesf orr eview:

1)Primar yreview:
Usuall
yar eportbyt heoriginalresearchersofast udy( unfilt
er ed
sources).Letters/correspondence, diari
es,memoi rs,
autobiographies,offici
alorr esearchreports,patent sanddesi gns,
andempi ricalresearchar ti
cles.
:‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺩ‬‫ﺔﺍﻷ‬ ‫ﻌ‬‫ﺍﺟ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺔﻣ‬ ‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﺃﻫ‬
‫ﻩ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﻳ‬
‫ﺪ‬‫ﺗﺤ‬ ‫ﺒﺤﺚﻭ‬ ‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺮ‬
‫ﻌ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻟ‬-
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺍﺟ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺩ‬‫ﺯ‬‫ﺍﻻ‬‫ﻨﺐ‬‫ﺘﺠ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻳﺨﻲ‬ ‫ﺭ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﺭﺗ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻨﻈ‬‫ﺘﻚﻓﻲﻣ‬ ‫ﺍﺳ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﻊﺩ‬ ‫ﻮﺿ‬‫ﻟ‬-
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻟﻀ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻏ‬
‫ﺓ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺍﻋ‬
‫ﻮ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺮﻕ‬ ‫ﻴﻢﻃ‬ ‫ﻴ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﺘ‬
‫ﻟ‬-
‫ﺒﺤﺚ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺪﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻳ‬
‫ﺰ‬‫ﺍﺡﻣ‬ ‫ﺮ‬
‫ﺘ‬‫ﻗ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺔﻭ‬ ‫ﻘ‬
‫ﺑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻟﺴ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺋﺠﻚﺑ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺑﻂﻧ‬ ‫ﺮ‬
‫ﻟ‬-
‫ﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻴ‬
‫ﺑ‬‫ﺩ‬‫ﺔﺍﻷ‬ ‫ﻌ‬‫ﺍﺟ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺍﺕﻣ‬ ‫ﻮ‬‫ﺧﻄ‬
‫ﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﻮﺿ‬ ‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺭ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﺘ‬‫ﺍﺧ‬-
‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺩ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺮﻓﻲﻣﺼ‬ ‫ﻨﻈ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻮﻉﻓﻲﺳ‬ ‫ﻮﺿ‬ ‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺗﺤ‬-
‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺩ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻡﻣﺼ‬ ‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺪ‬‫ﺘﺨ‬ ‫ﺍﺳ‬-
‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮ‬‫ﻠ‬
‫ﻌ‬‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻠﻰ‬‫ﻮﻝﻋ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﺼ‬‫ﺍ‬-
‫ﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻠ‬
‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﻤ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻴﻢ‬‫ﻨﻈ‬‫ﺗ‬-
‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺑ‬
‫ﺩ‬‫ﺍﻷ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺍﺟ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺔﻣ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺘ‬‫ﺎﺕﻛ‬ ‫ﻴ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺩ‬‫ﺍﻷ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺍﺟ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻊﻣ‬ ‫ﻭﺿ‬-

10
 ‫‪:‬‬
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺍﺟ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻠ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺩ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤﺼ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍﻉﺍ‬
‫ﻮ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺃ‬

‫‪:‬‬
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺔﺍﻷ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺍﺟ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫(ﺍ‬‫)‪1‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﻼ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺋﻞ‪/‬‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﺮﺳ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫)‬‫ﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻠ‬
‫ﻔ‬‫ﺮﻣ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺭﻏ‬‫ﺩ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫(ﻣﺼ‬‫ﺔ‬
‫ﺍﺳ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﻴﻦﻋﻦﺩ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻠ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺻ‬ ‫ﻴﻦ‬‫ﺜ‬‫ﺎﺣ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺮﻣﻦ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻘ‬
‫ﺓﺗ‬ ‫ﺩ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻋ‬
‫ﺍﺕ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻛ‬
‫ﺬ‬ ‫ﻤ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺍﺕﻭ‬ ‫ﺮ‬
‫ﻛ‬‫ﺬ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺕﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻉ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺍﻻﺧ‬‫ﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺀ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﺑ‬‫ﺔﻭ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﺜ‬‫ﺒﺤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺃ‬
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺮﺳ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻘ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺔﻭ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺗ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺬ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﻟﺴ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻭ‬
‫‪.‬‬‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻳ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﺘﺠ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺜ‬
‫ﺒﺤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺎﻻﺕ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺎﺕﻭ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺘﺼ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻭ‬

‫(‬
‫‪2)Secondar‬‬
‫‪yr‬‬‫‪ev‬‬
‫‪i‬‬‫‪ew:‬‬

‫‪Descr‬‬ ‫‪i‬‬
‫‪pt‬‬ ‫‪i‬‬
‫‪onorsummar‬‬ ‫‪ybysomebodyot‬‬ ‫‪hert‬‬ ‫‪hant‬‬‫‪heor‬‬ ‫‪i‬‬
‫‪gi‬‬‫‪nal‬‬
‫‪r‬‬‫‪esear‬‬‫‪cher‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬‫‪e.‬‬‫‪g.ar‬‬‫‪ev‬‬‫‪i‬‬‫‪ewar‬‬ ‫‪t‬‬
‫‪i‬‬‫‪cl‬‬‫(‪e‬‬‫‪f‬‬‫‪i‬‬
‫‪l‬‬
‫‪t‬‬‫‪er‬‬‫‪edsour‬‬ ‫‪ces)academi‬‬ ‫‪cj‬‬
‫‪our‬‬‫‪nal‬‬
‫‪ar‬‬‫‪t‬‬‫‪i‬‬
‫‪cl‬‬‫(‪es‬‬ ‫‪ot‬‬‫‪hert‬‬‫‪hanempi‬‬ ‫‪r‬‬‫‪i‬‬
‫‪cal‬‬‫‪r‬‬‫‪esear‬‬‫‪char‬‬‫‪t‬‬‫‪i‬‬
‫‪cl‬‬‫‪esorr‬‬ ‫‪epor‬‬‫‪t‬‬‫)‪s‬‬‫‪,‬‬
‫‪conf‬‬‫‪er‬‬ ‫‪encepr‬‬ ‫‪oceedi‬‬‫‪ngs,‬‬‫(‪books‬‬ ‫‪monogr‬‬ ‫‪aphsorchapt‬‬ ‫‪er‬‬‫‘‪s‬‬‫)‪books‬‬‫‪,‬‬
‫‪document‬‬ ‫‪ar‬‬‫‪i‬‬‫‪es.‬‬
‫‪:‬‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻧ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﺜ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺔﺍ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺍﺟ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫(‬‫)‪2‬‬
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﺎ‪،‬ﻘ‬
‫ﺜﻝ ﻣ‬ ‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻴﻞ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻠﻰﺳ‬‫‪،‬ﻋ‬ ‫ﻠﻲ‬‫ﺍﻷﺻ‬‫ﺎﺣﺚ‬ ‫ﺒ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺮﻏ‬‫ﺁﺧ‬‫ﺒﻞﺷﺨ ﺺ‬ ‫ﻠﺨ ﺺﻣﻦﻗ‬ ‫ﻭﻣ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﻭﺻﻒ‬
‫ﻭ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺜ‬‫ﺒﺤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺎﻻﺕ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫(ﺑﺨﻼﻑ‬ ‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺩ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻛ‬‫ﺍﻷ‬‫ﻤﺠﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺎﻻﺕﻓﻲ‬ ‫)ﻘ‬
‫ﺓﻣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻔ‬‫ﺭﻣﺼ‬ ‫ﺩ‬‫ﺎ‬‫(ﻣﺼ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺍﺟ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻡ‬‫ﻓﻼ‬‫ﺍﻷ‬‫‪،‬ﻭ‬‫ﻮﻝ)‬ ‫ﻔﺼ‬ ‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺘﺐ‬‫ﻭﻛ‬‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﺳ‬‫ﺭ‬
‫ﺪ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫(‬‫ﺘﺐ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫‪،‬ﻭ‬‫ﺍﺕ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻤ‬
‫ﺗ‬‫ﺆ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻊ‬‫ﺋ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻗ‬
‫‪،‬ﻭ‬ ‫ﺔ)‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺒ‬
‫ﻳ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺘﺠ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺭ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﺘ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﺋ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﺛ‬
‫ﻮ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬

‫‪11‬‬
 Resear
chdesi
gn
Outli
nes:
Defi
niti
onofResear chDesi gn
Typesofr esear chDesigns
oQuantitati
ver esearchdesi gns
oQualit
ativeresear chdesigns
oMixedmet hods
Typesofquant itat
iveresear chdesi
gns
oDescripti
ver esearch
oCorrel
at i
onal research
oQuasi-experi
ment aldesigns

12
oExper
iment
alr
esear
ch
‫ﺒﺤﺚ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﻴﻢﺍ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﺗﺼ‬
:‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺭﺟ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻟﺨ‬‫ﻮﻁﺍ‬ ‫ﻟﺨﻄ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺒﺤﺚ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻴﻢ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﻳﻒﺗﺼ‬ ‫ﺮ‬
‫ﻌ‬‫•ﺗ‬
‫ﺒﺤﺚ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻴﻢ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻉﺗﺼ‬ ‫ﻮ‬‫ﻧ‬
‫ﺃ‬•
‫ﻤﻲ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻴﻢ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺎ‬‫•ﺗﺼ‬
‫ﻮﻋﻲ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻴﻢ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺎ‬‫•ﺗﺼ‬
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻠﻄ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻤﺨ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻴﺐ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺍﻷﺳ‬•
‫ﻤﻲ‬
‫ﻜ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺒﺤﺚ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻴﻢ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻉﺗﺼ‬ ‫ﻮ‬‫ﻧ‬
‫ﺃ‬•
‫ﻔﻲ‬‫ﻮﺻ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬•
‫ﺎﻃﻲ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺗ‬‫ﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻻ‬‫ﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
•
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﺘﺠ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻪ‬‫ﺒ‬
‫ﻴﻢﺷ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘﺼ‬ ‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬•
‫ﺒﻲ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﺘﺠ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬•

Resear
chDesi
gn

Def
ini
ti
onofResear
chDesi
gn

i
samet hodi
cal
,wel
l-
organi
zedpr
ocedureuti
li
zedbya
r
esear
cher,
orasci
enti
sttocar
ryoutascient
if
icst
udy
.

Theessent
ialel
ement
soft
her
esear
chdesi
gnar
e:

1.Accur
atepur
posest
atement

2.Techni
quest
obei
mpl
ement
edf
orcol
l
ect
ingandanal
yzi
ng
resear
ch

3.Themet
hodappl
i
edf
oranal
yzi
ngcol
l
ect
eddet
ail
s

4.Ty
peofr
esear
chmet
hodol
ogy

5.Pr
obabl
eobj
ect
ionsf
orr
esear
ch

6.Set
ti
ngsf
ort
her
esear
chst
udy

7.Ti
mel
i
ne

13
Ty
pesofr
esear
chDesi
gns

(Quant
it
ati
ver
esear
chdesi
gns)

Quanti
tati
ver
esear
chisdefi
nedasasy st
emati
cinvest
igat
ionof
phenomenabygather
ingquant
if
iabl
edataandperf
orming
stat
ist
ical
,mat
hemati
cal,
orcomputati
onalt
echni
ques.

(Qual
it
ati
ver
esear
chdesi
gns)

Quali
tativeresear chmethodsf ocusondi scover
ingand
understandingt heex per
iences,perspecti
ves,
andt houghtsof
parti
cipants—t hatis,
qualit
ati
ver esearchexpl
oresmeani ng,
purpose,orr eali
ty

Mi
xedmet
hods

Mixedmet hodsresearchi
sf or
mal l
ydefi
nedhereastheclassof
researchwheretheresear
chermi xesorcombinesquantit
ati
veand
quali
tati
veresear
chtechniques,methods,appr
oaches,concept
sor
l
anguagei nt
oasi ngl
estudy.

‫ﺒﺤﺚ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﻴﻢﺍ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﺗﺼ‬

‫ﺒﺤﺚ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﻴﻢﺍ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﻳﻒﺗﺼ‬ ‫ﺮ‬
‫ﻌ‬‫ﺗ‬
.
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻤ‬
‫ﻠ‬‫ﺔﻋ‬
‫ﺍﺳ‬‫ﺭ‬
‫ﺀﺩ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﻋﻢﻹﺟ‬
‫ﻟ‬
‫ﻭﺎ‬‫ﺃ‬
‫ﺎﺣﺚ‬
‫ﻪﺑ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺪ‬‫ﺘﺨ‬
‫ﻴﻢﻳﺴ‬
‫ﻨﻈ‬‫ﺘ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺪ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﻬﺠﻲﺟ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﺀﻣ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻮﺇﺟ‬‫ﻫ‬

:‫ﻫ‬
‫ﺒﺤﺚ ﻲ‬ ‫ﻟ‬‫ﻴﻢﺍ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺘﺼ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺎﺳ‬‫ﺮﺍﻷﺳ‬ ‫ﺎﺻ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻴﻖ‬‫ﻗ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺮﺽ‬ ‫ﻐ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺎﻥ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺑ‬1.
‫ﻮﺙ‬‫ﺒﺤ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻴﻞ‬
‫ﻠ‬‫ﺗﺤ‬
‫ﻊﻭ‬ ‫ﻤ‬‫ﺔﻓﻲﺟ‬ ‫ﻌ‬‫ﺒ‬
‫ﺘ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻴﺐ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺳ‬ 2.
‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻌ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻤﺠ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺎﺻ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻴﻞ‬‫ﻠ‬
‫ﺘﺤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻤﻄ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻟﻄ‬‫ﺍ‬3.
‫ﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻬﺠ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻮﻉﻣ‬ ‫ﻧ‬4.
‫ﺒﺤﺚ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻠﻰ‬‫ﺔﻋ‬ ‫ﻠ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻤﺤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﺿ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺘ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻋ‬ 5.
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺜ‬
‫ﺒﺤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﺍﺳ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺍﺕ‬‫ﺩ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﺇﻋ‬6.
‫ﻨﻲ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺰ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﻟﺠ‬‫ﺍ‬7.
‫ﻴﻢ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺒﺤﺚﺗﺼ‬ ‫ﻟ‬‫ﻴﻢﺍ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻉﺗﺼ‬ ‫ﻮ‬‫ﻧ‬
‫ﺃ‬

‫ﻤﻲ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺒﺤﺚﺍ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻧ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺒ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻊ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺮﻣﻦﺧﻼﻝﺟ‬‫ﺍﻫ‬
‫ﻮ‬‫ﻟﻈ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻬﺠﻲﻓﻲ‬‫ﻨ‬
‫ﻴﻖﻣ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻪﺗﺤ‬‫ﻧ‬
‫ﺃ‬‫ﻠﻰ‬‫ﻤﻲﻋ‬
‫ﻜ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺒﺤﺚ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬َ‫ﺮ‬
ّ
‫ﻑ‬ ُ
‫ﻌ‬‫ﻳ‬
.
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺑ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻟﺤﺴ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺃ‬
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺎﺿ‬
‫ﻳ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻭ‬
‫ﺃ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺋ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﺍﻹﺣﺼ‬‫ﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﻨ‬
‫ﻘ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺬ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻔ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﺗ‬
‫ﻤﻲﻭ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺎﺱ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻘ‬
‫ﻠ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻠ‬‫ﺑ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻘ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬

14
 ‫ﻮﻋﻲ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺒﺤﺚﺍ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻴﻢﺍ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺗﺼ‬
‫ﺮﻫﻢ‬
‫ﺎﺕﻧﻈ‬
‫ﻬ‬‫ﻭﺟ‬‫ﻴﻦﻭ‬‫ﻛ‬‫ﺭ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤﺸ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺭﺏ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻬﻢﺗﺠ‬
‫ﻓ‬‫ﺎﻑﻭ‬‫ﺘﺸ‬‫ﻛ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻮﻋﻲﻋ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺒﺤﺚ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺮﻕ‬ ‫ﺰﻃ‬‫ﻛ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺗ‬
‫‪.‬‬‫ﻊ‬
‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻮ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﺮﺽ‬‫ﻐ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﻨﻰ‬
‫ﻌ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻜﺸﻒ‬‫ﺘ‬
‫ﻮﻋﻲﻳﺴ‬‫ﻨ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺃﻱ‬
‫ﺭﻫﻢ‪-‬‬ ‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻜ‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﺃ‬
‫ﻭ‬

‫‪:‬‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻠﻄ‬
‫ﺘ‬‫ﺮﻕﻣﺨ‬‫ﻃ‬
‫ﺔ‬‫ﺌ‬
‫ﻪﻓ‬ ‫ﻧ‬
‫ﺃ‬‫ﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺎﻋ‬‫ﻨ‬
‫ﺎﻫ‬‫ً‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺔﺭﺳ‬‫ﻠﻄ‬‫ﺘ‬
‫ﻤﺨ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺮﻕ‬‫ﻟﻄ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺒﺤﺚﺑ‬ ‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻳﻒ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﻌ‬‫ﺘﻢﺗ‬‫ﻳ‬
‫ﻤﻲ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺒﺤﺚ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻨ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻴﻦﺗ‬‫ﻊﺑ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﻭﻳﺠ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﺎﺣﺚ‬‫ﺒ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺰﺝ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻴﺚﻳ‬‫ﺒﺤﺚﺣ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫ﺓ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺍﺣ‬
‫ﺔﻭ‬‫ﺍﺳ‬‫ﺭ‬
‫ﺔﻓﻲﺩ‬ ‫ﻐ‬‫ﻠ‬
‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺃ‬
‫ﻴﻢ‬‫ﺎﻫ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﻤ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻭ‬
‫ﺃ‬‫ﺎﻫﺞ‬‫ﻨ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﻴﺐ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺃﺍﻷﺳ‬
‫ﻮﻋﻲ ﻭ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻭ‬

‫‪Quant‬‬
‫‪i‬‬‫‪t‬‬
‫‪at‬‬‫‪i‬‬
‫‪v‬‬‫‪er‬‬
‫‪esear‬‬
‫‪ch‬‬

‫‪Out‬‬
‫‪l‬‬‫‪i‬‬
‫‪nes:‬‬

‫‪Def‬‬‫‪i‬‬
‫‪ni‬‬‫‪t‬‬
‫‪i‬‬‫‪onofQuant‬‬‫‪i‬‬
‫‪t‬‬‫‪at‬‬
‫‪i‬‬‫‪v‬‬‫‪er‬‬‫‪esear‬‬
‫‪ch‬‬
‫‪Ty‬‬‫‪pesofquant‬‬‫‪i‬‬
‫‪t‬‬‫‪at‬‬
‫‪i‬‬‫‪v‬‬‫‪er‬‬‫‪esear‬‬
‫‪chdesi‬‬
‫‪gns:‬‬
‫‪oDescr‬‬‫‪i‬‬
‫‪pt‬‬‫‪i‬‬
‫‪v‬‬‫‪er‬‬‫‪esear‬‬
‫‪ch‬‬
‫‪oCor‬‬‫‪r‬‬‫‪el‬‬
‫‪at‬‬‫‪i‬‬
‫‪onal‬‬‫‪r‬‬
‫‪esear‬‬‫‪ch‬‬
‫‪oQuasi‬‬‫‪-‬‬
‫‪exper‬‬‫‪i‬‬
‫‪ment‬‬‫‪al‬‬‫‪desi‬‬‫‪gns‬‬

‫‪15‬‬
oExper
iment
alr
esear
ch,
‫ﻤﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺤﺚﻛ‬
:‫ﺔ‬‫ﻳﻀ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﻮﻁﺍ‬ ‫ﻟﺨﻄ‬ ‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻤﻲ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻳﻒ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺗ‬-
:
‫ﻤﻲ‬‫ﻜ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺒﺤﺚ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻴﻢ‬
‫ﻣ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺍﻉﺗﺼ‬‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﻧ‬‫ﺃ‬
-
‫ﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﺚﻭﺻ‬
‫ﺎﻃﻲ‬ ‫ﺒ‬
‫ﺗ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺍﻻ‬‫ﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻳ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﻪﺗﺠ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻴﻢﺷ‬ ‫ﻣ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺗﺼ‬
،‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﺘﺠ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻮﺙ‬ ‫ﺒﺤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬

Quant
it
ati
ver
esear
ch

Defi
niti
onofQuant i
tativ
er esearch
Quantit
ati
ver esear
chi sdef i
nedasasy st
emat i
cinvesti
gati
onof
phenomenabygat heringquant i
fi
abledataandper for
mi ng
stat
isti
cal,
mat hemat i
cal,orcomput at
ionaltechni
ques.
‫ﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻜ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺒﺤﺚﺍ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻳﻒﺍ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺗ‬
‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﻧ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﺒ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻊ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺮﻣﻦﺧﻼﻝﺟ‬ ‫ﺍﻫ‬
‫ﻮ‬‫ﻟﻈ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻬﺠﻲﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻨ‬
‫ﻴﻖﻣ‬ ‫ﻘ‬
‫ﻪﺗﺤ‬ ‫ﻧ‬
‫ﺃ‬‫ﻠﻰ‬‫ﻤﻲﻋ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺒﺤﺚ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬َ‫ﺮ‬
ّ
‫ﻑ‬ ُ
‫ﻌ‬‫ﻳ‬
.‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺑ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻟﺤﺴ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻭ‬
‫ﺃ‬‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻴ‬
‫ﺎﺿ‬ ‫ﻳ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺋ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺣﺼ‬ ‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻨ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﺘ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺬ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻔ‬
‫ﻨ‬‫ﺗ‬
‫ﻤﻲﻭ‬ ‫ﻜ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺎﺱ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺑ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻘ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬

Ty
pesofquant
it
ati
ver
esear
chdesi
gns:

(1)Descri
pti
veresear
chseekstodescri
bethecurrentstat
usofan
i
dentif
iedvari
abl
e.Theseresear
chproj
ectsaredesignedto
provi
desystemati
cinfor
mationaboutaphenomenon.

(
2)Cor r
elati
onalresearchattemptst
odet er
minet
heextentofa
r
elati
onshipbetweentwoormor evar
iabl
esusingst
ati
sti
caldat
a.
I
nt hi
stypeofdesign,relat
ionshi
psbetweenandamonganumber

16
‫‪off‬‬
‫‪act‬‬
‫‪sar‬‬
‫‪esoughtandi‬‬
‫‪nt‬‬‫‪er‬‬
‫‪pr‬‬‫‪et‬‬
‫‪ed.‬‬

‫‪Quasi‬‬‫‪-‬‬‫‪exper‬‬‫‪i‬‬‫‪ment‬‬ ‫‪s,‬‬‫‪l‬‬
‫‪i‬‬‫‪ket‬‬‫‪r‬‬
‫‪ue:‬‬‫(‬
‫‪3)Quasi‬‬‫‪-‬‬
‫‪exper‬‬
‫‪i‬‬‫‪ment‬‬‫‪aldesi‬‬‫‪gns‬‬
‫‪exper‬‬‫‪i‬‬
‫‪ment‬‬ ‫‪s,‬‬ ‫‪i‬‬
‫‪nv‬‬‫‪ol‬‬‫‪v‬‬‫‪et‬‬‫‪hemani‬‬‫‪pul‬‬
‫‪at‬‬‫‪i‬‬
‫‪onofani‬‬‫‪ndependentv‬‬ ‫‪ar‬‬
‫‪i‬‬‫‪abl‬‬‫‪e,‬‬
‫‪t‬‬‫‪hati‬‬
‫‪s,‬‬‫‪ani‬‬‫‪nt‬‬ ‫‪er‬‬‫‪v‬‬‫‪ent‬‬‫‪i‬‬
‫‪on.Howev‬‬‫‪er‬‬‫‪,‬‬
‫‪quasi‬‬‫‪-‬‬
‫‪exper‬‬
‫‪i‬‬‫‪ment‬‬‫‪al‬‬‫‪desi‬‬‫‪gnsl‬‬‫‪ack‬‬
‫‪r‬‬‫‪andomi‬‬‫‪z‬‬‫‪at‬‬‫‪i‬‬‫‪onoracont‬‬ ‫‪r‬‬
‫‪ol‬‬‫‪gr‬‬
‫‪oup,‬‬‫‪whi‬‬‫‪chchar‬‬
‫‪act‬‬‫‪er‬‬
‫‪i‬‬‫‪zest‬‬‫‪r‬‬‫‪ue‬‬
‫‪exper‬‬‫‪i‬‬
‫‪ment‬‬ ‫‪s‬‬

‫‪of‬‬ ‫‪t‬‬
‫‪encal‬‬‫‪l‬‬
‫‪edt‬‬ ‫‪r‬‬
‫‪ueex‬‬ ‫‪per‬‬‫‪i‬‬
‫‪ment‬‬ ‫‪at‬‬‫‪i‬‬
‫‪on,‬‬‫‪uses,‬‬
‫(‬ ‫‪4)Exper‬‬ ‫‪i‬‬
‫‪ment‬‬‫‪alr‬‬‫‪esear‬‬‫‪ch‬‬
‫‪t‬‬‫‪hesci‬‬‫‪ent‬‬
‫‪i‬‬‫‪f‬‬
‫‪i‬‬‫‪cmet‬‬ ‫‪hodt‬‬‫‪oest‬‬ ‫‪abl‬‬‫‪i‬‬
‫‪sht‬‬‫‪hecause-‬‬‫‪ef‬‬‫‪f‬‬‫‪ectr‬‬‫‪el‬‬
‫‪at‬‬‫‪i‬‬
‫‪onshi‬‬‫‪p‬‬
‫‪amongagr‬‬ ‫‪oupofv‬‬ ‫‪ar‬‬‫‪i‬‬
‫‪abl‬‬‫‪est‬‬‫‪hatmakeupast‬‬ ‫‪udy‬‬ ‫‪.Thet‬‬‫‪r‬‬
‫‪ue‬‬
‫‪exper‬‬‫‪i‬‬
‫‪menti‬‬ ‫‪sof‬‬‫‪t‬‬
‫‪ent‬‬ ‫‪houghtofasal‬‬ ‫‪abor‬‬‫‪at‬‬‫‪or‬‬‫‪yst‬‬‫‪udy‬‬‫‪,‬‬‫‪butt‬‬‫‪hi‬‬
‫‪si‬‬‫‪snot‬‬
‫‪al‬‬‫‪way‬‬‫‪st‬‬‫;‪hecase‬‬‫‪al‬‬ ‫‪abor‬‬‫‪at‬‬‫‪or‬‬‫‪yset‬‬
‫‪t‬‬‫‪i‬‬
‫‪nghasnot‬‬ ‫‪hi‬‬‫‪ngt‬‬ ‫‪odowi‬‬ ‫‪t‬‬
‫‪hi‬‬‫‪t‬‬‫‪.A‬‬
‫‪t‬‬‫‪r‬‬‫‪ueex‬‬‫‪per‬‬
‫‪i‬‬‫‪menti‬‬‫‪sanyst‬‬ ‫‪udywher‬‬‫‪eanef‬‬‫‪f‬‬‫‪or‬‬‫‪ti‬‬‫‪smadet‬‬ ‫‪oi‬‬‫‪dent‬‬‫‪i‬‬
‫‪f‬‬‫‪y‬‬
‫‪andi‬‬‫‪mposecont‬‬ ‫‪r‬‬‫‪ol‬‬‫‪ov‬‬‫‪eral‬‬ ‫‪l‬‬
‫‪ot‬‬‫‪herv‬‬‫‪ar‬‬‫‪i‬‬
‫‪abl‬‬
‫‪esexceptone.‬‬

‫‪:‬‬
‫ﻤﻲ‬‫ﻜ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺒﺤﺚﺍ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﻴﻢﺍ‬
‫ﻣ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺍﻉﺗﺼ‬
‫ﻮ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺃ‬

‫ﻩ‬
‫ﺬ‬‫ﻴﻢﻫ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫‪.‬ﻢﺗﺼ‬
‫ﺩﺗ‬
‫ﺪ‬‫ﺮﻣﺤ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﻐ‬‫ﺘ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻟﻲ‬
‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻟﺤ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻊ‬‫ﻮﺿ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻮﺻﻒ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻌﻰ‬‫ﻔﻲﻳﺴ‬‫ﻮﺻ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺒﺤﺚﺍ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫(ﺍ‬‫)‪1‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫ﺓ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺎﻫ‬
‫ﻮﻝﻇ‬‫ﺔﺣ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻬﺠ‬
‫ﻨ‬‫ﺎﺕﻣ‬
‫ﻣ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻠ‬
‫ﻌ‬‫ﺮﻣ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻓ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺘ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﺜ‬‫ﺒﺤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻊ‬‫ﻳ‬
‫ﺭ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻤﺸ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬

‫ﻡ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺘﺨ‬
‫ﺎﺳ‬‫ﺮﺑ‬
‫ﺜ‬‫ﻛ‬‫ﺃ‬
‫ﻭ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻐ‬
‫ﺘ‬‫ﻴﻦﻣ‬‫ﻼﺔﺑ‬
‫ﻌﻗ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺪﻯ‬
‫ﺪﻣ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻭﻝﺗﺤ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺑﻄﻲﻳﺤ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺒﺤﺚﺍ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫(ﺍ‬‫)‪2‬‬
‫ﺩﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺪ‬‫ﻴﻦﻋ‬‫ﺎﺕﺑ‬
‫ﻗ‬‫ﻌﻼ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺒﺤﺚﻋﻦ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺘﻢ‬‫ﻳ‬
‫‪،‬‬‫ﻴﻢ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﺘﺼ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻮﻉﻣﻦ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺬ‬‫ﻓﻲﻫ‬‫ﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺋ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺣﺼ‬‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﻧ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺒ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺋﻖ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻘ‬‫ﻟﺤ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺮﻫ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻔﺴ‬ ‫ﺗ‬
‫ﻭ‬

‫‪،‬ﺘﻼﻋﺐ‬
‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺔﺍ‬ ‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻘ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻘ‬
‫ﻟﺤ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺭﺏ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘﺠ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺜﻞ‬
‫‪،‬ﻣ‬‫ﻪ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺭﺏﺷ‬ ‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺘﺠ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﻦ‬
‫ﺘﻀ‬‫‪:‬ﺗ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﺒ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﻪﺗﺠ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻴﻢﺷ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫(ﺗﺼ‬‫)‪3‬‬
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﺋ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻮ‬‫ﻌﺸ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻟﻰ‬‫ﺔﺇ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻳ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﺘﺠ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻪ‬
‫ﺒ‬‫ﺎﺕﺷ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﺘﺼ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﻘ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻔ‬
‫‪،‬ﺗ‬ ‫ﻟﻚ‬
‫ﻊﺫ‬‫ﻣ‬‫‪.‬ﻭ‬‫ﺪﺧﻞ‬‫ﺃﻱﺗ‬‫‪،‬‬‫ﻘﻞ‬
‫ﺘ‬‫ﺮﻣﺴ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻐ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻤ‬
‫ﺑ‬
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻘ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻘ‬
‫ﻟﺤ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺭﺏ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘﺠ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺰ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﺘﻲﺗ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﺑﻄ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻟﻀ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻮﻋ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻤﺠ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻭ‬
‫ﺃ‬

‫ﻤﻲﻹ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻌ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻮﺏ‬‫ﻠ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺳ‬‫ﻡ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺘﺨ‬‫ﻳﺴ‬
‫‪،‬‬‫ﻳﺐ‬ ‫ﺮ‬
‫ﺘﺠ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻤﻰ ﺻﺤ‬‫ﺎﻳﺴ‬‫ﻏﺎﻣ‬
‫ﺒ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫‪،‬ﺎ‬‫ﺒﻲ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺘﺠ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺒﺤﺚﺍ‬ ‫ﻟ‬
‫(ﺍ‬‫)‪4‬‬
‫ﻏﺎ‬
‫ﺒ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫‪.‬ﺎ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﺍﺳ‬‫ﺭ‬
‫ﺪ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻜﻞ‬‫ﺘﻲﺗﺸ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺍﺕ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻐ‬‫ﺘ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺔﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻮﻋ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻴﻦﻣﺠ‬‫ﺔﺑ‬‫ﻴﺠ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻨ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺒﺐﻭ‬ ‫ﻟﺴ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻼﺔ‬
‫ﺀﻋ ﻗ‬ ‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻧﺸ‬
‫ﺎﻝ‬
‫ﻟﺤ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻴﺲﻫ‬ ‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺬ‬‫ﻜﻦﻫ‬‫ﻟ‬‫‪،‬‬‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻤ‬
‫ﻌ‬‫ﺔﻣ‬‫ﺍﺳ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺎﺩ‬‫ﻬ‬
‫ﻧ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﻠﻰ‬‫ﺔﻋ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻘ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻟﺤ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺔ‬
‫ﺑ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺘﺠ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻟﻰ‬‫ﺮﺇ‬‫ﻨﻈ‬
‫ُ‬‫ﺎﻳ‬
‫ﻣ‬‫ً‬
‫ﻪ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻴﺲ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺘ‬
‫ﻤﺨ‬ ‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺩ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺪ‬‫؛ﺇﻋ‬‫ً‬
‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﺋ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺩ‬
‫ﺮﺽ‬ ‫ﺪﻭﻓ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺘﺤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺪ‬
‫ﻬ‬‫ﺬﻝﺟ‬‫ﺎﺑ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﺘﻢﻓ‬‫ﺔﻳ‬‫ﺍﺳ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺃﻱﺩ‬ ‫ﺔﻫﻲ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻘ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻟﺤ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﺑ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﺘﺠ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻼﺔﺑ‬
‫ﻋﻗ‬
‫‪.‬‬‫ﺪ‬
‫ﺍﺣ‬‫ﺀﻭ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻨ‬
‫ﺜ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺎﺳ‬‫ﺮﻯﺑ‬‫ﺍﻷﺧ‬‫ﺍﺕ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﻐ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻤ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻊ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻠﻰﺟ‬ ‫ﺓﻋ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻴﻄ‬‫ﻟﺴ‬
‫ﺍ‬

‫‪Qual‬‬
‫‪i‬‬‫‪t‬‬
‫‪at‬‬‫‪i‬‬
‫‪v‬‬‫‪er‬‬
‫‪esear‬‬
‫‪chdesi‬‬
‫‪gn‬‬

‫‪Out‬‬
‫‪l‬‬‫‪i‬‬
‫‪nes:‬‬
‫‪Def‬‬
‫‪i‬‬‫‪ni‬‬
‫‪t‬‬‫‪i‬‬
‫‪on‬‬
‫‪Fi‬‬
‫‪v‬‬‫‪ecommonqual‬‬
‫‪i‬‬
‫‪t‬‬‫‪at‬‬
‫‪i‬‬‫‪v‬‬‫‪edesi‬‬
‫‪gns:‬‬

‫‪17‬‬
 oPhenomenol ogi
calst
udi
es
oHi stor
icalstudi
es
oCaseSt udies
oEthnogr aphy
oGroundt heory
Diff
erencebet weenQuant
itat
iveResear
chandQualit
ative
Research
:‫ﺔ‬‫ﻳﻀ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻮﻁ‬ ‫ﻟﺨﻄ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺮ‬
‫ﻌ‬‫•ﺗ‬
:
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻛ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﺘ‬‫ﺔﻣﺸ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﻮﻋ‬‫ﻴﻢﻧ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺔﺗﺼ‬ ‫ﻤﺴ‬‫•ﺧ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﺍﻫ‬‫ﻮ‬
‫ﻟﻈ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﺳ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺩ‬o
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻳﺨ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺎﺕﺗ‬‫ﺍﺳ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺩ‬o
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻟﺤ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﺳ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺩ‬o
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﻮﻏ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﺛ‬
‫ﺍﻹ‬o
‫ﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﻷ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻧﻈ‬o
‫ﻮﻋﻲ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺒﺤﺚ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻤﻲﻭ‬
‫ﻜ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺒﺤﺚ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻴﻦ‬‫ﺮﻕﺑ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬•

Qual
it
ati
ver
esear
chdesi
gn
Defi
nit
ion:
I
tisaf ormal,
object
ive,
systematicprocessforobt ai
ning
i
nformat i
onabouttheworld.Amet hodusedt odescr i
be,test
rel
ati
onships,andexaminecauseandef fectrelat
ionships,t
ogain
i
nsight;expl
orethedepth,
richness,andcompl exi
tyinherenti
nthe
phenomenon.

Therearefi
vecommonquali
tati
vedesi
gns:Phenomenol
ogi
cal
,
hi
stori
cal
,casest
udy
,et
hnographi
c,andgr
oundedtheor
y.

1-Phenomenol ogi
calstudies
Examinehumaneex periencesthrought hedescr
ipt
ionsprovi
ded
bythepeople.Thegoal ofthesestudiesistodescr
ibethemeaning
ofthatexperi
ence.
Exampl e:APhenomenologicalStudyoft heLi
vedExperi
encesof
SocialStudi
esTeachers:Constructi
ngIdeasaboutDemocr at
ic
Cit
izenshipandTeachi
ng.

2-Historicalstudies
Histor
ical st
udies: concerntheident
ifi
cati
on,l
ocation,eval
uat
ion
andsy nthesisofdat af rom t
hepast.hist
ori
calstudiesseeksnot
onlytodiscov ertheev ent
softhepastbuttorelatethispast
happeningst ot hepr esentandfutur
e.
Exampl eofHi stori
cal resear
ch:Developmentofnur si
nginEgypt
.

18
 ‫ﻮﻋﻲ‬
‫ﻨ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺒﺤﺚﺍ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﻴﻢﺍ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﺗﺼ‬
‫‪:‬‬‫ﻳﻒ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺗ‬
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻘ‬
‫ﻳ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻟﻢ‪.‬ﻃ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻮﻝ‬‫ﺎﺕﺣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻠ‬
‫ﻌ‬‫ﻠﻰﻣ‬‫ﻮﻝﻋ‬ ‫ﻠﺤﺼ‬ ‫ﻟ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻬﺠ‬‫ﻨ‬
‫ﻣ‬‫ﺔﻭ‬ ‫ﻴ‬‫ﻮﻋ‬‫ﻮﺿ‬ ‫ﻣ‬‫ﺔﻭ‬ ‫ﻴ‬‫ﻤ‬
‫ﺔﺭﺳ‬ ‫ﻴ‬‫ﻠ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﺎﻋ‬ ‫ﻬ‬‫ﻧ‬
‫ﺇ‬
‫ﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺘﺴ‬
‫ﻛ‬‫ﺔﻻ‬ ‫ﻴﺠ‬‫ﺘ‬
‫ﻨ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺒﺐﻭ‬‫ﻟﺴ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﻗ‬‫ﻭﻓﺤ ﺺﻋﻼ‬ ‫ﺍ‬‫ﻩ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺒ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺍﺧ‬‫ﺎﺕﻭ‬‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﻌﻼ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻮﺻﻒ‬ ‫ﻟ‬‫ﻡ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺘﺨ‬ ‫ﺗﺴ‬
‫؛‬‫ﺓ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﺒﺼ‬ ‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫‪.‬‬‫ﺓ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﺎﻫ‬
‫ﻟﻈ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻩ‬‫ﺬ‬ ‫ﺄﺻﻞﻓﻲﻫ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻨﻰﻭ‬ ‫ﻐ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻤﻖﻭ‬ ‫ﻌ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺎﻑ‬‫ﻜﺸ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﺍﺳ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﻨﻈ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺔﻭ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻟﺤ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﺍﺳ‬‫ﺭ‬
‫ﺩ‬‫ﻳﺦﻭ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺮﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻫ‬‫ﻮ‬
‫ﻟﻈ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻠﻢ‬‫‪:‬ﻋ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻛ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺘ‬
‫ﺔﻣﺸ‬ ‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻮﻋ‬‫ﻴﻢﻧ‬ ‫ﻣ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺔﺗﺼ‬ ‫ﻤﺴ‬‫ﺎﻙﺧ‬ ‫ﻨ‬‫ﻫ‬
‫‪.‬‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺎﺳ‬‫ﺍﻷﺳ‬‫ﺔﻭ‬ ‫ﻴ‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﻮﻏ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﺛ‬‫ﻹ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﺍﻫ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻟﻈ‬‫ﺎﺕﺍ‬‫ﺍﺳ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺩ‬‫‪1-‬‬
‫ﻩ‬‫ﺬ‬‫ﺪﻑﻣﻦﻫ‬ ‫ﻬ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫‪.‬‬‫ﺎﺱ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻬ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﺘﻲﻳ‬ ‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺎﻑ‬‫ﻭﺻ‬ ‫ﺍﻷ‬‫ﺔﻣﻦﺧﻼﻝ‬ ‫ﻴ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻧﺴ‬ ‫ﺍﻹ‬‫ﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺘﺠ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻓﺤ ﺺ‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫ﺔ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺘﺠ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﻨﻰﺗ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻮﻭﺻﻒﻣ‬ ‫ﺎﺕﻫ‬ ‫ﺍﺳ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻮﻝ‬‫ﺭﺣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻜ‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﺀ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻨ‬‫ﺑ‬
‫‪:‬‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﺎﻋ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺘ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺟ‬‫ﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺳ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻤﻲ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻟﺤ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺘﺠ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻳ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﺎﻫ‬‫ﺔﻇ‬ ‫ﺍﺳ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺩ‬
‫ﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﺜﻝ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻴﻢ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺘ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺔﻭ‬ ‫ﻴ‬‫ﺍﻃ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﺍﻃ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻳﺨ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺎﺕﺍ‬‫ﺍﺳ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫‪2-‬‬
‫‪،‬‬
‫ﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺎﺕﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻧ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﺒ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻴﻒ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺗ‬
‫ﻴﻢﻭ‬ ‫ﻴ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﺗ‬
‫ﻊﻭ‬‫ﻗ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺪﻭ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺘﺤ‬‫ﻠﻖﺑ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺘ‬‫‪:‬ﺗ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻳﺨ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﺳ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻷ‬‫ﻩ‬‫ﺬ‬‫ﺑﻂﻫ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻜﻦ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺎﺿﻲﻭ‬ ‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺍﺙ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺃﺣ‬ ‫ﺎﻑ‬‫ﺘﺸ‬‫ﻛ‬‫ﻘﻂﻻ‬ ‫ﻴﺲﻓ‬ ‫ﻟ‬‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻳﺨ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﺳ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻌﻰ‬‫ﺗﺴ‬ ‫ﻭ‬
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺎﺿ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺍﺙ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺣ‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫ﺒﻞ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻤﺴ‬ ‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺮﻭ‬‫ﺎﺿ‬‫ﻟﺤ‬ ‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺑ‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﻳ ﺾﻓﻲﻣﺼ‬ ‫ﺮ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﻮ‬‫‪:‬ﺗﻄ‬‫ﻳﺨﻲ‬ ‫ﺭ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻠﻰﺑﺤﺚﺗ‬ ‫ﺎﻝﻋ‬ ‫ﺜ‬‫ﻣ‬

‫‪3-‬‬‫‪CaseSt‬‬‫‪udi‬‬
‫‪es‬‬
‫‪Ar‬‬‫‪ei‬‬‫‪n-‬‬
‫‪dept‬‬‫‪hi‬‬‫‪nv‬‬‫‪est‬‬‫‪i‬‬
‫‪gat‬‬
‫‪i‬‬‫‪onsofasi‬‬ ‫‪ngl‬‬‫‪eent‬‬‫‪i‬‬‫‪t‬‬
‫‪yorasmal‬‬‫‪l‬‬‫‪numberof‬‬
‫‪ent‬‬‫‪i‬‬
‫‪t‬‬‫‪i‬‬
‫‪es.Theent‬‬‫‪i‬‬‫‪t‬‬‫‪ymay‬‬‫‪beani‬‬ ‫‪ndi‬‬‫‪v‬‬‫‪i‬‬
‫‪dual‬‬‫‪,‬‬‫‪f‬‬
‫‪ami‬‬ ‫‪l‬‬
‫‪y‬‬‫‪,‬‬‫‪gr‬‬
‫‪oup,‬‬‫‪i‬‬
‫‪nst‬‬ ‫‪i‬‬
‫‪t‬‬‫‪ut‬‬
‫‪i‬‬‫‪on,‬‬
‫‪communi‬‬ ‫‪t‬‬
‫‪y‬‬‫‪,‬‬‫‪orot‬‬‫‪hersoci‬‬‫‪al‬‬‫‪uni‬‬
‫‪t‬‬‫‪.‬‬
‫‪I‬‬‫‪nacasest‬‬‫‪udy‬‬‫‪,‬‬‫‪r‬‬‫‪esear‬‬
‫‪cher‬‬‫‪sobt‬‬ ‫‪ai‬‬
‫‪naweal‬‬ ‫‪t‬‬
‫‪hofdescr‬‬‫‪i‬‬
‫‪pt‬‬‫‪i‬‬‫‪v‬‬
‫‪e‬‬
‫‪i‬‬
‫‪nf‬‬‫‪or‬‬‫‪mat‬‬‫‪i‬‬
‫‪onandmayexami‬‬ ‫‪ner‬‬‫‪el‬‬‫‪at‬‬
‫‪i‬‬‫‪onshi‬‬‫‪psamongdi‬‬‫‪f‬‬‫‪f‬‬‫‪er‬‬‫‪ent‬‬
‫‪phenomena,‬‬‫‪ormayex‬‬ ‫‪ami‬‬‫‪net‬‬‫‪r‬‬‫‪endsov‬‬ ‫‪ert‬‬‫‪i‬‬
‫‪me.‬‬

‫‪4-Et‬‬‫‪hnogr‬‬ ‫‪aphy‬‬‫‪:‬‬
‫‪Et‬‬‫‪hnogr‬‬‫‪aphyi‬‬ ‫‪sat‬‬‫‪y‬‬‫‪peofqual‬‬‫‪i‬‬
‫‪t‬‬‫‪at‬‬
‫‪i‬‬‫‪v‬‬‫‪ei‬‬
‫‪nqui‬‬
‫‪r‬‬‫‪yt‬‬
‫‪hati‬‬‫‪nv‬‬
‫‪ol‬‬‫‪v‬‬‫‪est‬‬‫‪he‬‬
‫‪descr‬‬‫‪i‬‬
‫‪pt‬‬‫‪i‬‬‫‪onandi‬‬ ‫‪nt‬‬‫‪er‬‬
‫‪pr‬‬‫‪et‬‬
‫‪at‬‬‫‪i‬‬
‫‪onofcul‬‬‫‪t‬‬
‫‪ur‬‬‫‪al‬‬
‫‪behav‬‬‫‪i‬‬
‫‪or‬‬‫‪,‬‬‫‪becausecul‬‬
‫‪t‬‬‫‪ur‬‬
‫‪e‬‬
‫‪i‬‬
‫‪snotv‬‬ ‫‪i‬‬
‫‪si‬‬ ‫‪bl‬‬‫‪eort‬‬‫‪angi‬‬
‫‪bl‬‬‫‪e,‬‬

‫‪5.Gr‬‬‫‪oundt‬‬‫‪heor‬‬‫‪y‬‬
‫‪Gr‬‬‫‪oundedt‬‬‫‪heor‬‬‫‪yi‬‬‫‪sanappr‬‬ ‫‪oacht‬‬‫‪ot‬‬‫‪hest‬‬‫‪udyofsoci‬‬‫‪al‬‬
‫‪pr‬‬‫‪ocesses‬‬
‫‪andsoci‬‬‫‪al‬‬‫‪st‬‬
‫‪r‬‬‫‪uct‬‬‫‪ur‬‬‫‪es.‬‬
‫‪Pur‬‬‫‪poseofgr‬‬‫‪oundedt‬‬ ‫‪heor‬‬‫‪yi‬‬‫‪st‬‬‫‪ogener‬‬‫‪at‬‬
‫‪econcept‬‬‫‪sandt‬‬ ‫‪heor‬‬
‫‪i‬‬‫‪es‬‬
‫‪aboutt‬‬‫‪hei‬‬
‫‪rr‬‬‫‪el‬‬
‫‪at‬‬‫‪i‬‬
‫‪onshi‬‬ ‫‪pst‬‬‫‪hatexpl‬‬
‫‪ai‬‬‫‪n,‬‬
‫‪andi‬‬‫‪nt‬‬‫‪er‬‬
‫‪pr‬‬‫‪etv‬‬‫‪ar‬‬
‫‪i‬‬‫‪at‬‬
‫‪i‬‬‫‪oni‬‬‫‪n‬‬
‫‪behav‬‬‫‪i‬‬
‫‪ori‬‬‫‪nt‬‬‫‪hesubst‬‬ ‫‪ant‬‬‫‪i‬‬
‫‪v‬‬‫‪ear‬‬‫‪eaunderst‬‬‫‪udy‬‬‫‪.‬‬

‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻟﺤ‬‫ﺎﺕﺍ‬
‫ﺍﺳ‬‫ﺭ‬‫‪3-‬ﺩ‬
‫ﻭ‬
‫ﺃ‬‫ً‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺩ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﺎﻥﻓ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻜ‬‫ﺪﻳ‬
‫‪.‬ﻗ‬‫ﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻧ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺮﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﻐ‬‫ﺩﺻ‬
‫ﺪ‬‫ﻭﻋ‬
‫ﺃ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺍﺣ‬
‫ﺎﻥﻭ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻤ‬
‫ﻌ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺎﺕﻣ‬‫ﻘ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻫﻲﺗﺤ‬

‫‪19‬‬
 ‫ﺔ‬‫ﺍﺳ‬
‫ﺭ‬‫‪.‬ﻓﻲﺩ‬‫ﺮﻯ‬‫ﺃﺧ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺍﺟ‬‫ﺓ‬ ‫ﺪ‬
‫ﻭﻭﺣ‬ ‫ﺃ‬‫ﺎً‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﻤ‬
‫ﺘ‬‫ﻭﻣﺠ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﺆﺳﺴ‬ ‫ﻭﻣ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻮﻋ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻭﻣﺠ‬ ‫ﺃ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺋ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋ‬
‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﻗ‬‫ﻌﻼ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻮﻥ‬‫ﻔﺤﺼ‬ ‫ﺪﻳ‬‫ﻗ‬‫ﺔﻭ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﻮﺻ‬ ‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮ‬‫ﻠ‬
‫ﻌ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺓﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻭ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﻠﻰﺛ‬ ‫ﻮﻥﻋ‬ ‫ﺜ‬‫ﺎﺣ‬‫ﺒ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫‪،‬ﻳﺤﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻟﺤ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺖ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺎﺕﺑ‬‫ﺎﻫ‬‫ﺗﺠ‬‫ﺍﻻ‬‫ﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻔﺤﺼ‬ ‫ﺪﻳ‬‫‪،‬ﻭﻗ‬‫ﺔﺃ‬ ‫ﻔ‬‫ﻠ‬
‫ﺘ‬‫ﻤﺨ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺍﻫ‬
‫ﻮ‬‫ﻟﻈ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻴﻦ‬‫ﺑ‬
‫‪:‬‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﻮﻏ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﺛ‬‫‪4-‬ﺍﻹ‬
‫‪،‬‬‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻘ‬
‫ﺜ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻮﻙ‬ ‫ﻠ‬
‫ﻟﺴ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﻔﺴ‬‫ﻤﻦﻭﺻﻒﻭﺗ‬ ‫ﺘﻀ‬ ‫ﺬﻱﻳ‬ ‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻮﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﻨ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻮﻉﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺎﻫﻲﻧ‬ ‫ﻴ‬‫ﻓ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻮﻏ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﺛ‬
‫ﺍﻹ‬
‫‪،‬‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻮﺳ‬ ‫ﻤ‬‫ﻠ‬
‫ﻭﻣ‬ ‫ﺃ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺋ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﺮﻣ‬ ‫ﻴ‬
‫ﺔﻏ‬ ‫ﻓ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻘ‬‫ﺜ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻷﻥ‬
‫ﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﺔﺍﻷ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺮ‬‫‪-‬ﻧﻈ‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫‪.‬‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻋ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬
‫ﺘ‬‫ﺍﻻﺟ‬ ‫ﻨﻰ‬‫ﺒ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺔﻭ‬ ‫ﻴ‬‫ﺎﻋ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺘ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺟ‬ ‫ﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻠ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺔ‬
‫ﺍﺳ‬‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺪ‬
‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻬﺞ‬‫ﺔﻫﻲﻧ‬ ‫ﻴ‬‫ﺎﺳ‬‫ﺍﻷﺳ‬‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻳ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﻨﻈ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺮ‬
‫ﻔﺴ‬ ‫ﺗ‬
‫ﺮﺡﻭ‬ ‫ﻬﻢﺗﺸ‬‫ﺗ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻗ‬
‫ﻮﻝﻋﻼ‬ ‫ﺎﺕﺣ‬ ‫ﻳ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﻧﻈ‬‫ﻴﻢﻭ‬ ‫ﺎﻫ‬
‫ﻔ‬ ‫ﺀﻣ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻧﺸ‬‫ﻮﺇ‬‫ﺓﻫ‬ ‫ﺭ‬‫ﺬ‬‫ﺘﺠ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺔﺍ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﻨﻈ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺮ ﺽﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻐ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫‪.‬‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﺍﺳ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻘ‬‫ﻮﻉﻳ‬ ‫ﻮﺿ‬ ‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺎﻝ‬‫ﻤﺠ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻮﻙﻓﻲ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻟﺴ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻳﻦﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺒ‬
‫ﺘ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫‪Di‬‬‫‪f‬‬
‫‪f‬‬‫‪er‬‬‫‪encebet‬‬ ‫‪weenQuant‬‬ ‫‪i‬‬‫‪t‬‬‫‪at‬‬‫‪i‬‬
‫‪v‬‬‫‪eResear‬‬ ‫‪ch‬‬
‫‪andQual‬‬ ‫‪i‬‬
‫‪t‬‬‫‪at‬‬‫‪i‬‬
‫‪v‬‬ ‫‪eResear‬‬ ‫‪ch‬‬
‫‪At‬‬
‫‪t‬‬‫‪r‬‬‫‪i‬‬ ‫ﺎﺕ‪es‬‬
‫‪but‬‬ ‫ﻔ‬‫ﺻ‬ ‫‪Qual‬‬‫‪i‬‬‫‪t‬‬‫‪at‬‬
‫‪i‬‬‫‪v‬‬‫‪eResear‬‬‫‪ch‬‬ ‫‪Quant‬‬‫‪i‬‬‫‪t‬‬
‫‪at‬‬‫‪i‬‬‫‪v‬‬‫‪eResear‬‬‫‪ch‬‬
‫ﻮﻋﻰ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺒﺤﺚﺍ‬ ‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﻲ‬‫ﺑﺤﺚﻛ‬
‫‪Anal‬‬‫‪y‬‬‫‪t‬‬
‫‪i‬‬‫‪calobj‬‬
‫‪ect‬‬
‫‪i‬‬‫‪v‬‬‫‪es.‬‬
‫]‬ ‫‪Thi‬‬‫‪s r‬‬ ‫‪esear‬‬‫‪ch met‬‬ ‫‪hod Quant‬‬‫‪i‬‬‫‪t‬‬
‫‪at‬‬‫‪i‬‬‫‪v‬‬‫‪er‬‬‫‪esear‬‬
‫‪ch‬‬
‫ﻴﻞ‬‫ﻠ‬
‫ﺗﺤ‬ ‫‪f‬‬‫‪ocuses on t‬‬ ‫‪o descr‬‬‫‪i‬‬
‫‪be met‬‬‫‪hodf‬‬ ‫‪ocuseson‬‬
‫ﺍﻑ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺍﻷﻫ‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪i‬‬
‫‪ndi‬‬‫‪v‬‬‫‪i‬‬‫‪dual exper‬‬ ‫‪i‬‬
‫‪ences descr‬‬‫‪i‬‬
‫‪bi‬‬‫‪ngt‬‬‫‪he‬‬
‫‪andbel‬‬ ‫‪i‬‬
‫‪ef‬‬‫‪s.‬‬ ‫‪char‬‬‫‪act‬‬‫‪er‬‬
‫‪i‬‬‫‪st‬‬‫‪i‬‬
‫‪csofa‬‬
‫ﻩ‬
‫ﺬ‬‫ﺒﺤﺚﻫ‬ ‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻘ‬
‫ﻳ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻃ‬ ‫‪p‬‬‫‪o‬‬‫‪p‬‬‫‪u‬‬ ‫‪l‬‬
‫‪a‬‬‫‪t‬‬‫‪i‬‬
‫‪o‬‬‫‪n‬‬
‫ﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘﺠ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻠﻰﻭﺻﻒ‬ ‫ﺰﻋ‬‫ﻛ‬‫ﻠﻰ ﻳ‬
‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻤﻰﻋ‬ ‫ﻜ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻮﺏ‬‫ﻠ‬
‫ﺃﺳ‬ ‫ﺰ‬
‫ﻛ‬‫ﺭ‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺩ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺍﺕ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻤ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺋﺺ ﻭ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺻﻒﺧﺼ‬
‫ﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻜ‬‫ﻟﺴ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺩ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻋ‬
‫‪Ty‬‬‫‪pes of quest‬‬ ‫‪i‬‬‫‪ons Openendedquest‬‬ ‫‪i‬‬‫‪ons‬‬ ‫‪Cl‬‬‫‪osed/‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬
‫‪ended‬‬
‫ﺒﺖ ‪asked‬‬‫ﻠ‬
‫ﺔﻃ‬ ‫ﻠ‬
‫ﺌ‬‫ﺃﺳ‬‫ﺍﻉﻣﻦ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻮﺣ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﺔﻣ‬ ‫ﻠ‬
‫ﺌ‬‫‪ quest‬ﺃﺳ‬ ‫‪i‬‬‫‪ons‬‬
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻬ‬
‫ﺘ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﺔﻣ‬ ‫ﻠ‬‫ﺌ‬
‫ﺃﺳ‬ ‫‪/‬‬‫ﻠﻖ‪/‬‬ ‫ﻐ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫‪Dat‬‬‫‪acol‬‬‫‪l‬‬
‫‪ect‬‬‫‪i‬‬
‫‪on‬‬ ‫‪Usesemi‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬‫‪st‬‬‫‪r‬‬
‫‪uct‬‬‫‪ur‬‬‫‪ed‬‬ ‫‪Usehi‬‬ ‫‪ghl‬‬‫‪yst‬‬ ‫‪r‬‬‫‪uct‬‬‫‪ur‬‬‫‪ed‬‬
‫‪I‬‬‫‪nst‬‬
‫‪r‬‬‫‪ument‬‬ ‫‪met‬‬ ‫‪hodssuchasi‬‬ ‫‪n-‬‬ ‫‪met‬‬ ‫‪hodssuchas‬‬
‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺒ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻮﻋ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺓﻣﺠ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺩ‬‫‪ dept‬ﺃ‬‫‪hi‬‬ ‫‪nt‬‬‫‪er‬‬‫‪v‬‬‫‪i‬‬
‫‪ews,‬‬ ‫‪f‬‬
‫‪ocus st‬‬ ‫‪r‬‬‫‪uct‬‬‫‪ur‬‬ ‫‪edobser‬‬ ‫‪v‬‬ ‫‪at‬‬‫‪i‬‬‫‪on‬‬
‫‪gr‬‬‫‪oups,‬‬ ‫‪andpar‬‬ ‫‪t‬‬
‫‪i‬‬‫‪ci‬‬‫‪pant usi‬‬ ‫‪ngquest‬‬ ‫‪i‬‬
‫‪onnai‬‬ ‫‪r‬‬‫‪esand‬‬
‫‪obser‬‬ ‫‪v‬‬‫‪at‬‬‫‪i‬‬
‫‪on‬‬ ‫‪sur‬‬‫‪v‬‬ ‫‪ey‬‬‫‪s‬‬
‫ﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﺳ‬ ‫ﻨﻈﻢ‬‫ﻪﻣ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻡﺷ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﺘﺨ‬‫ﺍﺳ‬ ‫ﺮﻕ‬ ‫ﺔﻃ‬ ‫ﻳ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻐ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻨﻈﻢ‬‫ﻡﻣ‬ ‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﺘﺨ‬‫ﺍﺳ‬
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺘ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺑﻼﺕ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺜﻞ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﻨﻈ‬ ‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻗ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺜﻞ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻭﻼﺣﻈ‬ ‫ﺰﻣ‬ ‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻛ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻮﻋ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻣﺠ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺎﺕﻭ‬ ‫ﻧ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺍﻻﺳ‬ ‫ﻡ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﺘﺨ‬‫ﺎﺳ‬‫ﺑ‬
‫ﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻛ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤﺸ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻮﺣ‬ ‫ﻤﺴ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫‪For‬‬‫‪m ofdat‬‬
‫‪apr‬‬ ‫‪oduced Descr‬‬ ‫‪i‬‬
‫‪pt‬‬‫‪i‬‬‫‪v‬‬‫‪edat‬‬‫‪a‬‬ ‫‪Numer‬‬ ‫‪i‬‬‫‪cal‬‬ ‫‪dat‬‬‫‪a‬‬
‫ﺔ‬‫ﺘﺠ‬‫ﻨ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﻧ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺒ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﺎﺕﻭﺻ‬ ‫ﻧ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺩ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺒ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫‪Degr‬‬‫‪eeoff‬‬‫‪l‬‬
‫‪exi‬‬‫‪bi‬‬‫‪l‬‬
‫‪i‬‬‫‪t‬‬
‫‪y‬‬ ‫‪Par‬‬ ‫‪t‬‬
‫‪i‬‬‫‪ci‬‬
‫‪pantr‬‬ ‫‪esponses‬‬ ‫‪Par‬‬ ‫‪t‬‬‫‪i‬‬
‫‪ci‬‬‫‪pantr‬‬ ‫‪esponsesdo‬‬
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻧ‬
‫ﻭ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﺭﺟ‬‫‪ af‬ﺩ‬ ‫‪f‬‬‫‪ecthowandwhi‬‬ ‫‪ch‬‬ ‫‪noti‬‬ ‫‪nf‬‬‫‪l‬‬‫‪uenceor‬‬
‫‪quest‬‬ ‫‪i‬‬
‫‪onsr‬‬ ‫‪esear‬‬‫‪cher‬‬ ‫‪s‬‬ ‫‪det‬‬‫‪er‬‬ ‫‪mi‬‬ ‫‪nehowand‬‬
‫‪asknext‬‬ ‫‪whi‬‬ ‫‪chquest‬‬ ‫‪i‬‬‫‪ons‬‬
‫ﻠﻰ‬‫ﻴﻦﻋ‬ ‫ﻛ‬‫ﺭ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤﺸ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺩ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺩ‬‫ﺮﺭ‬ ‫ﺛ‬
‫ﺆ‬‫‪r‬ﺗ‬ ‫‪esear‬‬ ‫‪cher‬‬ ‫‪sasknext‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻴ‬‫ﻔ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻭ‬‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻴﻦ‬‫ﻛ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤﺸ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺩ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺩ‬‫ﺮﺭ‬ ‫ﺛ‬‫ﺆ‬‫ﻻﺗ‬
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻠ‬
‫ﺌ‬‫ﺃﺳ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬‫ﺔﻭ‬ ‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺘ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻠ‬‫ﺌ‬‫ﺍﻷﺳ‬ ‫ﺮﺡ‬ ‫ﻃ‬ ‫ﺩ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺗﺤ‬
‫ﻮﻥ‬‫ﺜ‬‫ﺎﺣ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻪ‬
‫ﺮﺣ‬ ‫ﻮﻥ ﻳﻄ‬ ‫ﺜ‬‫ﺎﺣ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺄﻝ‬‫ﺔﻳﺴ‬ ‫ﻠ‬‫ﺌ‬
‫ﺃﺳ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﻴﻒﻭ‬ ‫ﻛ‬
‫ﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺪﺫ‬ ‫ﻌ‬
‫ﺑ‬

‫‪20‬‬
Qual
it
ati
ver
esear
ch ‫ﻮﻋﻰ‬
‫ﻨ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺒﺤﺚﺍ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ Quant
it
ati
ver
esear
ch‫ﻤﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺤﺚﻛ‬
Theai
misacompl
ete,
detai
l
eddescr
ipt
ion Theaimi stoclassif
yfeatures,countthem,
‫ﻔﺼﻞ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﻣﻞﻭ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻮﻭﺻﻒﻛ‬ ‫ﺪﻑﻫ‬ ‫ﻬ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ andconst
ru ctst
ati
sti
calmo de l
s i
nan
at
tempttoexplainwhatisobser ved
‫ﺫﺝ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺀﻧ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻨ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺎﻭ‬
‫ﺪﻫ‬‫ﺎﺕﻭﻋ‬ ‫ﻤ‬
‫ﻟﺴ‬ ‫ﺍ‬‫ﻴﻒ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻮﺗﺼ‬‫ﺪﻑﻫ‬ ‫ﻬ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻪ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺘﻢﻣﻼﺣﻈ‬ ‫ﺎﻳ‬
‫ﺮﺡﻣ‬ ‫ﻟﺸ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺔﻓﻲﻣﺤ‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺋ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﺇﺣﺼ‬

Theresear
chermayonlyknowr oughlyi
n Theresearcherknowsclearl
yinadvance
advancewhathe/shei
slookingfor whathe/sheislookingfor
‫ﺒﺤﺚ‬‫ﺎﻳ‬‫ﻘﻂﻣ‬
‫ﺎﻓ‬ً
‫ﻣ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﺎﺣﺚﻣ‬ ‫ﺒ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻌ‬‫ﺪﻳ‬
‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﺒﺤﺚ‬‫ﺎﻳ‬‫ﺎﻣ‬ً
‫ﻣ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻘ‬
‫ﻮﺡﻣ‬ ‫ﻮﺿ‬‫ﺎﺣﺚﺑ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺮﻑ‬‫ﻌ‬
‫ﻳ‬
‫ﻪ‬
‫ﻨ‬‫ﺒﺤﺚﻋ‬ ‫ﺗ‬/‫ﻪ‬‫ﻨ‬
‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻪ‬‫ﻨ‬
‫ﻋ‬

Recommendeddur i
ngear
li
erphasesof Recommendedduri
nglatt
erphasesof
resear
chproj
ects resear
chproj
ect
s
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺜ‬
‫ﺒﺤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻊ‬‫ﻳ‬
‫ﺭ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤﺸ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺍﺣﻞ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﺀﻣ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻨ‬‫ﺛ‬
‫ﺃ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻘ‬
‫ﺑ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻪﺳ‬ ‫ﻮﺻﻰﺑ‬‫ﺔ ﻣ‬ ‫ﻴ‬
‫ﺜ‬‫ﺒﺤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻊ‬‫ﻳ‬
‫ﺭ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻤﺸ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺓﻣﻦ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺍﻷﺧ‬‫ﺍﺣﻞ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻪﺧﻼﻝ‬ ‫ﻮﺻﻰﺑ‬
‫ﻳ‬

Thedesignemergesasthestudyunfol
ds Al l
aspectsoft hestudyar ecareful
ly
‫ﺔ‬‫ﺍﺳ‬
‫ﺭ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺀ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻊﺑ‬‫ﻴﻢﻣ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺘﺼ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻬ‬
‫ﻳﻈ‬ desi
gne dbefored at
a i
s coll
ected
‫ﻊ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﺒﻞﺟ‬ ‫ﺔﻗ‬ ‫ﻳ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻨ‬
‫ﻌ‬‫ﺔﺑ‬‫ﺍﺳ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻧﺐ‬ ‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻮ‬‫ﻊﺟ‬ ‫ﻴ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻴﻢﺟ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺗﻢﺗﺼ‬
‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﻧ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﺒ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬
Theresear
cheri
st hedat
agatheri
ng Theresearcherusest oolssuchas
i
nstr
ument quest
ionnairesorequipmentt ocollect
‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﻧ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﺒ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻊ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺓﺟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺩ‬
‫ﺃ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺎﺣﺚﻫ‬ ‫ﺒ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ ﺍ‬numerical
dat a
‫ﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻧ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺒ‬
‫ﺘ‬‫ﺍﻻﺳ‬‫ﺜﻞ‬‫ﺍﺕﻣ‬ ‫ﻭ‬‫ﺩ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﺎﺣﺚ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻡ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺘﺨ‬‫ﻳﺴ‬
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻳ‬
‫ﺩ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﻧ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺒ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻊ‬ ‫ﻤ‬
‫ﻟﺠ‬ ‫ﺍﺕ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻌ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻭ‬‫ﺃ‬
Dat
aarei
nthef
orm ofwor
ds,pi
ctur
esor Dat aareint
hef
orm ofnumbersand
obj
ect
s st
atist
ics
‫ﺀ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﺃﺷ‬‫ﻭ‬
‫ﺃ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻭﺻ‬ ‫ﺃ‬‫ﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﻠ‬
‫ﻜﻞﻛ‬‫ﺎﺕﻓﻲﺷ‬ ‫ﻧ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﺒ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺀ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺇﺣﺼ‬‫ﻡﻭ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻗ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺃ‬
‫ﻜﻞ‬‫ﺎﺕﻓﻲﺷ‬
‫ﻧ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺒ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
Subjecti
ve–i ndi
vidual
s‗i nt
erpr
etationof Obj ecti
ve–seekspr ecisemeasur ement
eventsisimportant,e.
g.usespar t
icipant andanal
ysi
softargetconcept s,
e.g.uses
observati
on,i
n-depthintervi
ewset c. sur
veys,
quest
ionnairesetc.
‫ﻴﻞ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻠﻰﺳ‬ ‫ﻋ‬،‫ﻬﻢ‬‫ﺍﺙﻣ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﺍﻷﺣ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻔﺴ‬‫ﺩﻯ=ﺗ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻴﻢ ﺷﺨﺼﻰ–ﻓ‬ ‫ﺎﻫ‬
‫ﻔ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻴﻖ‬
‫ﻗ‬‫ﻴﻞﺩ‬‫ﻠ‬
‫ﺗﺤ‬‫ﺎﺱﻭ‬ ‫ﻴ‬‫ﻟﻰﻗ‬‫ﻌﻰﺇ‬‫ﻳﺴ‬-‫ﻮﻋﻰ‬ ‫ﻮﺿ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺑﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻘ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻴﻦﻭ‬ ‫ﻛ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻤﺸ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻡﻣﻼﺣﻈ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﺘﺨ‬‫ﺎﻝﻳﺴ‬‫ﺜ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ ﺍ‬‫ﺎﺕﻭ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺒ‬
‫ﺘ‬‫ﺍﻻﺳ‬‫ﻡ‬
‫ﺪ‬‫ﺘﺨ‬‫ﺎﻝﻳﺴ‬ ‫ﺜ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻴﻞ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻠﻰﺳ‬‫ﻋ‬، ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﺪ‬
‫ﻬ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻣﺴ‬
.‫ﻟﻚ‬‫ﻟﻰﺫ‬‫ﺎﺇ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺔﻭ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻌ‬
‫ﺘ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬ .
‫ﻟﻚ‬‫ﻟﻰﺫ‬‫ﺎﺇ‬
‫ﻣ‬‫ﺎﺕﻭ‬ ‫ﻧ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺒ‬
‫ﺘ‬‫ﻻﺳ‬

Quali
tat
ivedat aaremor erich,t
ime Quant i
tat
ivedat aaremor eef f
ici
ent,ableto
consuming,andl essabletobegener ali
zed t esthypotheses, butmaymi sscontextual
‫ﺮﻕ‬‫ﻐ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺗﺴ‬‫ﻭ‬،‫ﺀ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﺮﺛ‬ ‫ﺜ‬
‫ﻛ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻮﻋ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺒ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ ﺍ‬detai
l
‫ﻴﻢ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺘ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻠﻰ‬‫ﺓﻋ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻗﻞﻗ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﻭ‬، ‫ﻳﻼ‬
‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﺎﻃ‬
ً‫ﺘ‬‫ﻗ‬
‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻠﻰ‬‫ﺓﻋ‬ ‫ﺭ‬‫ﺩ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻗ‬‫ﻭ‬،‫ﺓ‬‫ﺀ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻔ‬
‫ﺮﻛ‬ ‫ﺜ‬
‫ﻛ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻤ‬
‫ﻜ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺪ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻔ‬
‫ﺪﺗ‬‫ﺎﻗ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﻟ‬،‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﺮﺿ‬ ‫ﻔ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺒ‬
‫ﺘ‬‫ﺍﺧ‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﻗ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﻟﺴ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻴﻞ‬‫ﺎﺻ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬
Theresearchertendst obecome Ther esearchertendst oremainobjectivel
y
subj
ecti
velyimmer sedinthesubj ect separatedf rom t
hesubj ectmat t
er
matter ‫ﺔﻋﻦ‬‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻮﻋ‬‫ﻮﺿ‬‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻔﺼﻼﺑ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﺀﻣ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻘ‬
‫ﺒ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺎﺣﺚﺇ‬ ‫ﺒ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻴﻞ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻳ‬
‫ﻮﻉ‬‫ﻮﺿ‬ ‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺗﻲﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍ‬‫ﺬ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻤ‬‫ﻐ‬‫ﻧ‬
‫ﺍﻻ‬‫ﻟﻰ‬‫ﺎﺣﺚﺇ‬ ‫ﺒ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻴﻞ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻮﻉ‬‫ﻮﺿ‬ ‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬

21
 Sampl
ingdesi
gn

Out l
ines:
Defini
tionofsampl i
ng
TheAdv antagesofSampl i
ng
TheDi sadv antagesofSampl ing
Sampl i
ngmet hods
(a)Non- probabilit
ysampl i
ngmet hods
Conv eni encesampl i
ng
Quotasampl ing:
Purposef ulsampl i
ngstrategies
(b)Pr obabi l
it
ysampl i
ngmet hods
Si
mpl eRandom Sampl i
ng
Systemat i
cSampl i
ng
Stratifi
edsampl i
ng
Cl
ust ersampl i
ng
Mul t
i-
St ageSampl ing

‫ﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻨ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻌ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻴﻢ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﺗﺼ‬

:‫ﺔ‬‫ﻳﻀ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻮﻁ‬ ‫ﻟﺨﻄ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻨ‬
‫ﻳ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺗ‬
‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻌ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺬ‬‫ﺃﺧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻳ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺰ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺬ‬‫ﺃﺧ‬ ‫ﻭﺉ‬ ‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺴ‬
‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻌ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺬ‬‫ﺃﺧ‬ ‫ﺮﻕ‬‫ﻃ‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺍﻻﺣ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺎﺕﻏ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺬ‬‫ﺃﺧ‬ ‫ﺮﻕ‬‫(ﻃ‬ ‫ﺃ‬)
‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﻨ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺬ‬‫ﺃﺧ‬‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻟ‬
‫ﻮ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﺳ‬
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻟﺤﺼ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻨ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺬﻋ‬ ‫ﺃﺧ‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻓ‬‫ﺩ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺎﺕﻫ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻌ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺬ‬‫ﺃﺧ‬ ‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻴﺠ‬ ‫ﺗ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺍﺳ‬
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺍﻻﺣ‬‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺬ‬‫ﺃﺧ‬ ‫ﺮﻕ‬‫(ﻃ‬ ‫)ﺏ‬
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴﻄ‬‫ﺔﺑﺴ‬ ‫ﻴ‬‫ﺋ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺎﺕﻋﺸ‬ ‫ﻨ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺬﻋ‬‫ﺃﺧ‬
‫ﻬﺠﻲ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻜﻞﻣ‬‫ﺎﺕﺑﺸ‬ ‫ﻨ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺬ‬‫ﺃﺧ‬
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﺒ‬
‫ﻟﻄ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺬ‬‫ﺃﺧ‬
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺩ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺬ‬‫ﺃﺧ‬
‫ﺍﺣﻞ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻤ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺩ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺎﺕﻣ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺬ‬‫ﺃﺧ‬

Sampl
ingdesi
gn

Defi
nit
ionofsampli
ng:
Sampli
nginvol
vesthesel
ect
ionofanumberofst
udyuni
tsf
rom a
def
inedstudypopul
ati
on.

22
Thepopulat
ionistoolargeforustoconsidercol
l
ecti
ng
i
nformati
onfrom all
itsmember s.
I
nsteadweselectasampl eofindiv
idual
shopingthatt
hesampl
e
i
srepresent
ati
veoft hepopulat
ion.

TheAdv
ant
agesofSampl
ing:

I
tinv ol
v esasmal leramountofsubj ects,whi chr educes
i
nv estmenti ntimeandmoney .
Sampl i
ngcanact uallybemor eaccuratet hanst udy i
nganent i
re
popul ati
on, becausei taffor
dsresear
cher sal otmor econtrolover
thesubj ect s.Largest udiescanburyinterestingcor rel
ations
amongstt he‗ noise.'
Stati
stical manipul ati
onsar emucheasi erwi thsmal lerdatasets,
andi tiseasi ertoav oidhumaner r
orwheni nput t
ingandanal yzi
ng
thedat a

TheDi
sadv
ant
agesofSampl
ing

Thereisroom f
orpot
ent
ial
biasi
nthesel
ect
ionofsui
tabl
e
subj
ectsforther
esear
ch

Sampli
ngr
equir
esknowledgeofstat
ist
ics,
andtheent
ir
edesi
gn
oftheexper
imentdependsupontheexactsampl
i
ngmet hod
requi
red.

‫ﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻨ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻌ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻴﻢﺍ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﺗﺼ‬
:
‫ﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻨ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻳﻒﺃﺧ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺗ‬
.
‫ﺩ‬‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﻤﺤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﺍﺳ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻊ‬ ‫ﻤ‬
‫ﺘ‬‫ﺔﻣﻦﻣﺠ‬ ‫ﺍﺳ‬‫ﺭ‬
‫ﺪ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺍﺕ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺩﻣﻦﻭﺣ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﺭﻋ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺍﺧ‬ ‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻌ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺬ‬ ‫ﺃﺧ‬ ‫ﻤﻦ‬‫ﺘﻀ‬‫ﻳ‬
.‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻬ‬‫ﺋ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﻋﻀ‬‫ﻊ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺎﺕﻣﻦﺟ‬ ‫ﻣ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻠ‬
‫ﻌ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻊ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺮﻓﻲﺟ‬ ‫ﻜ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﺃﻥﻧ‬ ‫ﺮﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺒ‬
‫ﻛ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻜ‬‫ﻟﺴ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺩ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺗ‬
.
‫ﺎﻥ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﻠﺴ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻠ‬
‫ﺜ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺔﻣ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻌ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻜ‬
‫ﺃﻥﺗ‬ ‫ﻣﻞ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﻠﻰ‬‫ﺩﻋ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﻣﺍﻷ‬
‫ﺔﻦ‬ ‫ﻨ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺭﻋ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘ‬
‫ﻧﺨ‬، ‫ﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﻻﻣﻦﺫ‬ ‫ﺪ‬
:‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﻨ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺎﺃﺧ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺰ‬‫ﻣ‬
.‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻤﻝ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﻗﺖﺍ‬ ‫ﻮ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺭﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﺜ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻣﺍﻻﺳ‬
‫ﻠﻞ ﻦ‬ ‫ﻘ‬‫ﺎﻳ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﻣ‬، ‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﻮﻋ‬‫ﻮﺿ‬ ‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻗﻞﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻠﻰﻗ‬ ‫ﻮﻱﻋ‬ ‫ﻨﻄ‬‫ﻪﻳ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺇ‬-
،‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻬ‬‫ﻠ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﻛ‬‫ﺄ‬‫ﺔﺑ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻧ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﺔﺳ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻮ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺔﻣﺠ‬‫ﺍﺳ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺔﻣﻦﺩ‬ ‫ﻗ‬‫ﺮﺩ‬‫ﺜ‬‫ﻛ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﻊ‬‫ﻗ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺎﺕﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻨ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺬ‬ ‫ﺃﺧ‬‫ﻮﻥ‬‫ﻜ‬ ‫ﺃﻥﻳ‬ ‫ﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻤ‬
‫ﻳ‬-
‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﺳ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻓﻦ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺃﻥﺗ‬ ‫ﻜﻦ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻳ‬
.‫ﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻮﻋ‬‫ﻮﺿ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻜﻢﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﺤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺮﻣﻦ‬‫ﺒ‬
‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ً
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺭ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻴﻦﻗ‬ ‫ﺜ‬‫ﺎﺣ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻨﺢ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻪﻳ‬ ‫ﻧ‬
‫ﻷ‬
‫ﺓ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺒ‬
‫ﻜ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
.
"‫ﺀ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻮﺿ‬ ‫ﻟﻀ‬ ‫ﺍ‬
"‫ﻴﻦ‬‫ﻡﺑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻟﻼﻫ‬‫ﺓ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺜ‬‫ﺎﺕﻣ‬ ‫ﺎﻃ‬‫ﺒ‬
‫ﺗ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻬﻞ‬‫ﺍﻷﺳ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬‫ﻭ‬،‫ﺮ‬
‫ﻐ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺻ‬ ‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﻧ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﺒ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﻮﻋ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻊﻣﺠ‬ ‫ﺮﻣ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺜ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﻬﻞﺑ‬‫ﺃﺳ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺋ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺍﻹﺣﺼ‬ ‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺘﻼﻋ‬ ‫ﻟ‬‫ﺪﺍ‬ ‫ﻌ‬
‫ﺗ‬-
.
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻬ‬
‫ﻠ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻠ‬
‫ﺗﺤ‬‫ﺎﺕﻭ‬ ‫ﻧ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺎﻝ‬‫ﺩﺧ‬
‫ﺪﺇ‬ ‫ﻨ‬‫ﺮﻱﻋ‬ ‫ﺒﺸ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺄ‬‫ﻟﺨﻄ‬ ‫ﺍ‬‫ﻨﺐ‬‫ﺗﺠ‬
‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻌ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺉﺃﺧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣﺴ‬
.
‫ﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﻠ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﺒ‬
‫ﺎﺳ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﻮﻋ‬‫ﻮﺿ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺘ‬
‫ﺍﺧ‬ ‫ﻤﻞﻓﻲ‬‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﻤﺤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺰ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺘﺤ‬‫ﻠ‬
‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺎﻝ‬‫ﺎﻙﻣﺠ‬ ‫ﻨ‬‫ﻫ‬-
‫ﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺔﻋ‬‫ﺑ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﺘﺠ‬‫ﻠ‬
‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻣﻞ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻴﻢ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺘﺼ‬ ‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺘ‬
‫ﻌ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﻭ‬، ‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺋ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﺍﻹﺣﺼ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻓ‬
‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻌ‬‫ﺎﺕﻣ‬ ‫ﻨ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻌ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺬ‬ ‫ﺃﺧ‬ ‫ﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﺘﻄ‬‫ﻳ‬-
.
‫ﺒﻂ‬‫ﻟﻀ‬ ‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺔﺑ‬‫ﺑ‬
‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﻠ‬
‫ﻤﻄ‬ ‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﻨ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺬ‬‫ﺃﺧ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻘ‬
‫ﻳ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻃ‬

23
Sampl i
ngmet hods
Ani mport
antissueinf
luenci
ngthechoiceofthemostappropri
ate
sampl i
ngmet hodiswhetherasampli
ngf r
amei sav
ailabl
e,t
hatis,
alist
ingofalltheuni
tsthatcomposethestudypopulati
on.
(a)Non-probabil
it
ysampl i
ngmethods

1.Conv eniencesampl ing:isamethodinwhi chf orconvenience

sakethest udyuni tsthathappentobeav ail
ableatt het i
meofdat a
coll
ect
ionar eselected
‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﻨ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺬﺍ‬‫ﺮﻕﺃﺧ‬ ‫ﻃ‬
‫ﺭ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺎﻥﺇﻃ‬ ‫ﺍﻛ‬‫ﺫ‬‫ﺎﺇ‬
‫ﺎﺕﻣ‬ ‫ﻨ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻌ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺬ‬‫ﺔﻷﺧ‬ ‫ﻘ‬‫ﻳ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﻧﺴﺐﻃ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺍﺧ‬‫ﻠﻰ‬‫ﺮﻋ‬‫ﺛ‬‫ﺆ‬‫ﺘﻲﺗ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻬ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻘﻀ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬
.‫ﺔ‬‫ﺍﺳ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻊ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺘ‬
‫ﺎﻣﺠ‬ ‫ﻬ‬
‫ﻨ‬‫ﻮﻥﻣ‬ ‫ﻜ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺘﻲﻳ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺪ‬‫ﻮﺣ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻊ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﺔﺑﺠ‬ ‫ﻤ‬
‫ﺋ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻱﻗ‬ ،
ً
‫ﺎ‬‫ﺎﺣ‬‫ﺘ‬
‫ﺎﺕﻣ‬ ‫ﻨ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺬ‬‫ﺃﺧ‬
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬
‫ﺘ‬‫ﺮﺍﻻﺣ‬ ‫ﻴ‬
‫ﺎﺕﻏ‬ ‫ﻨ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺬﺍ‬‫ﺮﻕﺃﺧ‬‫ﺃ(ﻃ‬ )
‫ﻧﺖ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺘﻲﻛ‬ ‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺔ‬
‫ﺍﺳ‬ ‫ﺭ‬‫ﺪ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺍﺕ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺭﻭﺣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﺘ‬‫ﺍﺧ‬‫ﻼﺎ‬
‫ﻬ‬
‫ﺘﻢﻣﻦﺧﻟ‬ ‫ﺔﻳ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻳ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﻫﻲﻃ‬: ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻤ‬
‫ﺋ‬‫ﻤﻼ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺎﺕﺍ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺬﺍ‬‫ﺃﺧ‬1.
‫ﻴﻞ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﺘﺴ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺮﺽ‬ ‫ﻐ‬‫ﺑ‬،‫ﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻧ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﺒ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻊ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻗﺖﺟ‬ ‫ﺔﻭ‬‫ﺎﺣ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻣ‬

24
2.Quotasampl ing:
isamet hodt hatinsuresthatacer tai
nnumberofsampl euni t
s
from di
fferentcategorieswi t
hspeci fi
ccharacteristi
csappeari n
thesampl esot hatallthesechar acteri
sti
csarer epresented.Inthis
met hodthei nvesti
gatorintervi
ewsasmanypeopl eineach
categoryofst udyunitashecanf i
ndunt i
lhehasf i
ll
edhisquot a
:
‫ﻟﺤﺼ ﺺ‬ ‫ﺎﺕﺍ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻌ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺬﺍ‬‫ﺃﺧ‬2.
‫ﺋﺺ‬ ‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺍﺕﺧﺼ‬ ‫ﺔﺫ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺘ‬
‫ﺎﺕﻣﺨ‬ ‫ﺌ‬‫ﺔﻣﻦﻓ‬ ‫ﻨ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻌ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺍﺕ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻴﻦﻣﻦﻭﺣ‬ ‫ﻌ‬
‫ﺩﻣ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺭﻋ‬ ‫ﻮ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﻤﻦﻇ‬ ‫ﺔﺗﻀ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻫﻲﻃ‬
‫ﻡ‬‫ﻮ‬
‫ﻘ‬‫ﻳ‬، ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻘ‬
‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﺮ‬
‫ﻟﻄ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻩ‬‫ﺬ‬‫ﻓﻲﻫ‬. ‫ﺋﺺ‬ ‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻟﺨﺼ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻩ‬‫ﺬ‬‫ﻴﻞﻛﻞﻫ‬ ‫ﺜ‬‫ﻤ‬
‫ﺘﻢﺗ‬‫ﻴﺚﻳ‬ ‫ﺔﺑﺤ‬‫ﻨ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺓﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺩ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻣﺤ‬
‫ﺍﺕ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺔﻣﻦﻭﺣ‬ ‫ﺌ‬
‫ﺎ ﺹﻓﻲﻛﻞﻓ‬ ‫ﻣﺍﻷﺷﺨ‬
‫ﻜﻦ ﻦ‬ ‫ﻤ‬
‫ﺩﻣ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺮﻋ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻛ‬‫ﺃ‬
‫ﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﻼﺕﻣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻘ‬
‫ﺀﻣ‬ ‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﺈﺟ‬‫ﻘﻖﺑ‬‫ﻤﺤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬
.‫ﻪ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻳﻸﺣﺼ‬ ‫ﺘﻰﻤ‬ ‫ﺔﺣ‬ ‫ﺍﺳ‬
‫ﺭ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬

25
3.Purposefulsampl ingst rat
egi
esforquali
tati
vestudies:
Qualit
ativ
er esearchmet hodsarety
pical
lyusedwhenf ocusingon
alimi
tednumberofi nformant s,
whom wesel ectst
rategical
l
yso
thatt
heirin-
dept hinf
or mationwil
lgiv
eopt i
mal i
nsi
ghtintoan
i
ssueaboutwhi chlit
tleisknown.Thisiscall
edpurposeful
sampling.

:
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﻮ‬
‫ﻨ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﺳ‬‫ﺭ‬
‫ﺪ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺔ‬
‫ﺒ‬‫ﻨﺴ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﺔﺑ‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﺩ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﺎﺕﻫ‬‫ﻨ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺬﺍ‬‫ﺎﺕﺃﺧ‬ ‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻴﺠ‬ ‫ﺗ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺘ‬
‫ﺍﺳ‬3.
‫ﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺬ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬،
‫ﻳﻦ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﺒ‬‫ﻤﺨ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺩﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻭ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺩﻣﺤ‬ ‫ﺪ‬
‫ﻠﻰﻋ‬‫ﺰﻋ‬ ‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻛ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﺓﻋ‬‫ﺩ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻮﻋﻲﻋ‬‫ﻨ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺒﺤﺚ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺮﻕ‬‫ﻡﻃ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﺘﺨ‬ُ‫ﺗ‬
‫ﺴ‬
‫ﺮﻑ‬ُ
‫ﻌ‬‫ﺔﻻﻳ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻟﻰﻗﻀ‬‫ﺔﺇ‬‫ﺒ‬
‫ﻗ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺓﺛ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺔﻧﻈ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻤ‬
‫ﻌ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻤ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻬﻢ‬‫ﺗ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻠ‬
‫ﻌ‬‫ﻌﻄﻲﻣ‬‫ﻴﺚﺗ‬‫ﺎﺑﺤ‬
ً‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻴﺠ‬ ‫ﺗ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺘ‬
‫ﺍﺳ‬ ‫ﺭﻫﻢ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺘ‬‫ﻧﺨ‬
.
‫ﺩﻑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻌ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺬ‬‫ﺄﺧ‬‫ﻤﻰﺑ‬‫ﺎﻳﺴ‬
‫ﺍﻣ‬‫ﺬ‬‫ﻭﻫ‬.‫ﻴﻞ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻘ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻮﻯ‬‫ﺎﺳ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻋ‬

b)Probabil
itysampl i
ngmet hods:
Theyi nvol
ver andom sel
ecti
onpr ocedur
estoensurethateach
unitofthesampl eischosenont hebasisofchance.Al
lunit
sof
thestudypopul at
ionshouldhaveanequal oratl
eastaknown
chanceofbei ngincl
udedinthesampl e.

1.Si
mpleRandom Sampling(
SRS):
Thisi
sthemostbasicschemeofrandom sampl
i
ng.Tosel
ecta
si
mplerandom sampl
eyouneedto:

Makeanumber edlistofal
ltheunitsi
nthepopul
ati
onf r
om
whichyouwanttodrawasampl e.Eachuni
tonthel
istshouldbe
numberedinsequencefrom 1toN( WhereNistheSizeofthe
populat
ion)
.

26
 ‫‪Deci‬‬
‫‪deont‬‬
‫‪hesi‬‬
‫‪z‬‬‫‪eoft‬‬
‫‪hesampl‬‬
‫‪e‬‬

‫‪Sel‬‬‫‪ectt‬‬
‫‪her‬‬
‫‪equi‬‬‫‪r‬‬
‫‪ednumberofsampl‬‬‫‪i‬‬‫‪nguni‬‬
‫‪t‬‬‫‪s,‬‬
‫‪usi‬‬
‫‪nga―l‬‬
‫‪ot‬‬‫‪t‬‬
‫‪er‬‬‫‪y‬‬
‫‖‬
‫‪met‬‬‫‪hodorat‬‬‫‪abl‬‬
‫‪eofr‬‬‫‪andom number‬‬
‫‪s.‬‬

‫‪:‬‬‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺎﺕﺍﻻﺣ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺮﻕﺃﺧ‬ ‫(ﻃ‬ ‫)ﺏ‬
‫ﻠﻰ‬‫ﺔﻋ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻌ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺓﻣﻦ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺭﻛﻞﻭﺣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺘ‬
‫ﺍﺧ‬ ‫ﺎﻥ‬‫ﻤ‬
‫ﻟﻀ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﺋ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺭﻋﺸ‬ ‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺘ‬
‫ﺍﺧ‬ ‫ﺍﺕ‬‫ﺀ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻠﻰﺇﺟ‬ ‫ﻮﻱﻋ‬ ‫ﻨﻄ‬‫ﻭﻫﻲﺗ‬
‫ﻊ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺍﺕﻣﺠ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻊﻭﺣ‬ ‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﻊﺟ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﻤ‬
‫ﺘ‬‫ﺃﻥﺗ‬‫ﻳﺠﺐ‬ ‫ﺔ‪.‬‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻟﺼ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺃﺳ‬
‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻬ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﺘﻀ‬ ‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻷﻞﻣ‬‫ﺍﻗ‬ ‫ﻠﻰ‬‫ﻭﻋ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻳ‬
‫ﻭ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘﺴ‬‫ﺔﻣ‬ ‫ﺮﺻ‬ ‫ﻔ‬‫ﺔﺑ‬‫ﺍﺳ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺑﺴﻂ‬‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻮ‬‫ﺍﻫ‬‫ﺬ‬‫‪.‬ﻫ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻨ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﻄ‬‫ﺔﺑﺴ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺋ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻮ‬‫ﺎﺕﻋﺸ‬ ‫ﻨ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺬﻋ‬ ‫ﺃﺧ‬‫(‬‫‪SRS)1.‬‬ ‫‪:‬‬
‫‪:‬‬‫ﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺎﺝﺇ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺗﺤ‬‫‪،‬‬
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴﻄ‬‫ﺔﺑﺴ‬ ‫ﻴ‬
‫ﺋ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻮ‬‫ﺔﻋﺸ‬ ‫ﻨ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﺭﻋ‬ ‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺔ‪.‬ﻻﺧ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺋ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻮ‬‫ﻌﺸ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻨ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺬ‬‫ﻣﺨﻄﻂﻷﺧ‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻬ‬
‫ﻨ‬‫ﺔﻣ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺪﺳﺤﺐﻋ‬ ‫ﻳ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺘﻲﺗ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻊ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻤﺠ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺍﺕﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﻮﺣ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻊ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟﺠ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻗ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺔﻣ‬ ‫ﻤ‬‫ﺋ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤﻞﻗ‬‫ﻌ‬ ‫•ﻗﻢﺑ‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫(‬‫ﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻜ‬‫ﻟﺴ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻮﺣﺠﻢ‬ ‫ﻴﺚ‪N‬ﻫ‬ ‫ﻟﻰ‪)N‬ﺣ‬ ‫ﻠﺴﻞﻣﻦ‪1‬ﺇ‬ ‫ﺘﺴ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺔﺑ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺋ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺓﻓﻲ‬‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﻴﻢﻛﻞﻭﺣ‬ ‫ﻗ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻳﺠﺐﺗ‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻨ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺪﺣﺠﻢ‬ ‫ﻳ‬‫ﺪ‬‫•ﺗﺤ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻭﻝ‬‫ﺪ‬‫"ﻭﺟ‬‫ﺭﺃ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻔﺨ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺔ"‬‫ﻘ‬
‫ﻳ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻡﻃ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺘﺨ‬‫ﺎﺳ‬‫‪،‬ﺑ‬‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﻨ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺬ‬‫ﺃﺧ‬‫ﺍﺕ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻮﺏﻣﻦﻭﺣ‬ ‫ﻠ‬‫ﻤﻄ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺩ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫•ﺣ‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻴ‬
‫ﺋ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻮ‬‫ﻌﺸ‬ ‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻡ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻗ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﻷ‬

‫‪27‬‬
2.Sy st emat icSampl i
ng:
Indiv i
dual sar echosenatr egul arint erv als(forexampl e, ever y5t h,
10th, et c.)from t hesampl ingf rame.I deal lywer andoml ysel ecta
numbert otell uswher et ost artsel ect ingi ndivi
dual sfrom t hel i
st .
Forexampl e,asy stemat icsampl eist obesel ect edfrom 1000
student sofaschool .Thesampl esi zei sdeci dedt obe100.The
sampl i
ngf r
act ioni s: 100/ 1000=1/ 10.Thenumberoft hef irst
studentt obei ncludedi nt hesampl ei schosenr andoml yby
pickingoneoutoft hef i
rstt enpi ecesofpaper ,number ed1t o10.
Ifnumber5i spi cked, everyt ent hst udentwi llbei ncludedi nt he
sampl e, startingwi thst udentnumber5, unti
l 100st udent sar e
selected.St udent swi tht hef oll
owi ngnumber swi llbeincl udedi n
thesampl e:5,15, 25, 35,45, ..., 985, 995.
:
‫ﺘﻈﻢ‬ ‫ﻨ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺎﺕﺍ‬ ‫ﻨ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺃﺧ‬.2
‫ﺭ‬‫ﺎ‬‫(ﻣﻦﺇﻃ‬ ‫ﻟﺦ‬‫ﺇ‬،10، 5‫ﻛﻞ‬،‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺜﻝ‬ ‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻴﻞ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻠﻰﺳ‬ ‫ﺔ)ﻋ‬ ‫ﻤ‬‫ﺘﻈ‬ ‫ﻨ‬
‫ﺍﺕﻣ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻠﻰﻓ‬ ‫ﺩﻋ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﺍﻷ‬ ‫ﺭ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺍﺧ‬ ‫ﺘﻢ‬‫ﻳ‬
‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺍﺧ‬‫ﺃﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﺒ‬
‫ﻳﻦﻧ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺎﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻧ‬‫ﺭ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺎﻹﺧ‬ ً
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺋ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻮ‬
‫ﺎﻋﺸ‬ ً
‫ﻤ‬‫ﻗ‬‫ﺭﺭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻧﺨ‬، ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺜ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺎﺣ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬. ‫ﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻨ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻌ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺬ‬ ‫ﺃﺧ‬
‫ﻟﺐﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻃ‬1000‫ﺔﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻴ‬‫ﻬﺠ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﺔﻣ‬ ‫ﻨ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺭﻋ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺍﺧ‬‫ﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻳ‬،‫ﺎ‬‫ﺜﻝ‬ ‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻴﻞ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻠﻰﺳ‬ ‫ﻋ‬.‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻤ‬‫ﺋ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺩﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﺍﻷ‬
.
10/ 1=1000/ 100: ‫ﻮ‬‫ﺔﻫ‬ ‫ﻨ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺀ‬‫ﺰ‬‫ﺟ‬.100‫ﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻜ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺪﺣﺠﻢ‬ ‫ﻳ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻢﺗﺤ‬.‫ﺔﺗ‬ ‫ﺭﺳ‬‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺭ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺘ‬
‫ﺍﺧ‬ ‫ﻳﻖ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫ﺎﻋﻦﻃ‬ ً
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺋ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺔﻋﺸ‬ ‫ﻨ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻪﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻨ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺘﻢﺗﻀ‬ ‫ﺬﻱﻳ‬ ‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻷﻝ‬‫ﺍﻭ‬ ‫ﻟﺐ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻟﻄ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻗﻢ‬ ‫ﺭﺭ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺍﺧ‬‫ﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻳ‬
، 5‫ﻗﻢ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺭ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺍﺧ‬ ‫ﺍﺗﻢ‬ ‫ﺫ‬‫ﺇ‬.10‫ﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺇ‬1‫ﺔﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻤ‬‫ﻗ‬‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻣ‬، ‫ﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﻮ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻊﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺮﻗﻄ‬‫ﻭﻝﻋﺸ‬ ‫ﺃ‬
‫ﺓﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﺍﺣ‬ ‫ﻭ‬
‫ﺭ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺍﺧ‬ ‫ﺘﻢ‬‫ﺘﻰﻳ‬ ‫ﺣ‬5‫ﻟﺐ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻟﻄ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻗﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﻦﺭ‬ ً
‫ﺀ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﺑ‬،‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻨ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺮﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺎﺷ‬‫ﻟﺐﻋ‬ ‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻴﻦﻛﻞﻃ‬ ‫ﻤ‬‫ﺘﻢﺗﻀ‬ ‫ﻴ‬‫ﻓﺴ‬
...،35، 45، 25، 5،15: ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻨ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺔﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻡ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﺭ‬‫ﺎﻷ‬‫ﻟﻄﻼﺏﺑ‬ ‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻤ‬‫ﺘﻢﺗﻀ‬ ‫ﻴ‬‫ﺳ‬. ‫ﻟﺐ‬ ‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻃ‬100
.995، 985،

28
3.Str
ati
fi
edsampl ing:
Ifiti
simpor t
antt hatthesampl ei ncludesr epresentativegroupsof
studyunit
swi thspeci fi
ccharact eristi
cs( forexampl e,residents
fr
om urbanandr uralareas),thent hesampl ingframemustbe
di
v i
dedintogroups, orstrata,accor dingt othesechar act eri
sti
cs.
Random orsy stemat i
csampl esofapr edeterminedsi zewi llt
hen
havetobeobt ainedf rom eachgr oup( stratum) .
:
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻨ‬
‫ﻘ‬ ‫ﻤ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺎﺕﺍ‬ ‫ﻨ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺬﺍ‬‫ﺃﺧ‬3-
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻌ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺘ‬
‫ﺃﻥﺗﺸ‬ ‫ﻬﻢ‬‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺎﻥﻣﻦ‬‫ﺍﻛ‬‫ﺫ‬
‫ﺇ‬
‫ﺋﺺ‬ ‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻟﺨﺼ‬ ‫ﺍ‬‫ﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺔﺫ‬‫ﺍﺳ‬ ‫ﺭ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺍﺕ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻮﺣ‬ ‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻠ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺜ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺎﺕﺗ‬ ‫ﻮﻋ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻠﻰﻣﺠ‬‫ﻋ‬
‫ﺭ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻴﻢﺇﻃ‬‫ﻘﺴ‬‫ﻴﺠﺐﺗ‬ ‫ﻓ‬،(
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺔﻭ‬ ‫ﻳ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﻟﺤﻀ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺎﻃﻖ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺎﻥ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﺳ‬،‫ﺎ‬‫ﺜﻝ‬ ‫ﻤ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻴﻞ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻠﻰﺳ‬ ‫)ﻋ‬‫ﺓ‬‫ﺩ‬
‫ﺪ‬‫ﻤﺤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻠﻰ‬‫ﻮﻝﻋ‬‫ﻟﺤﺼ‬ ‫ﺍ‬‫ﻢﻳﺠﺐ‬. ‫ﺋ ﺺﺛ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻟﺨﺼ‬ ‫ﻩﺍ‬‫ﺬ‬ ‫ﻬ‬‫ﻟ‬
ً
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﻭ‬، ‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﺒ‬
‫ﻭﻃ‬،‫ﺎﺕﺃ‬ ‫ﻮﻋ‬ ‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟﻰﻣﺠ‬‫ﺔﺇ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻌ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻭ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺋ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻮ‬‫ﺎﺕﻋﺸ‬ ‫ﻨ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﻋ‬
.(‫ﺔ‬‫ﻘ‬
‫ﺒ‬‫ﺔ)ﻃ‬ ‫ﻮﻋ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺎﻣﻦﻛﻞﻣﺠ‬ ً‫ﻘ‬‫ﺒ‬
‫ﺩﻣﺴ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﺍﺕﺣﺠﻢﻣﺤ‬ ‫ﺔﺫ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻬﺠ‬
‫ﻨ‬‫ﻣ‬

29
4.Cl ustersampl i
ng:
Whenal istofgr oupingsofst udyunit
sisavailabl
e(e.g.vi
ll
ages,
etc.)orcanbeeasi l
ycompi led,anumberoft hesegr oupi
ngscan
ber andoml yselected.Thesel ecti
onofgroupsofst udyunit
s
(cl
ust ers)insteadoft heselect i
onofstudyunits
i
ndi viduall
yi scalledclust
ersampl i
ng.Cl
ustersareof t
en
geogr aphicuni t
s( e.g.di
str
icts,vil
l
ages)ororganizati
onalunit
s
(e.g.cli
nics) .

4.‫ﺔ‬‫ﻳ‬
‫ﺩ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺎﺕﺍ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺬﺍ‬‫ﺃﺧ‬:
‫ﻜﻦ‬‫ﻤ‬
‫(ﻭﻳ‬‫ﻟﻚﺃ‬‫ﻟﻰﺫ‬‫ﺎﺇ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺮﻯﻭ‬ ‫ﻘ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺜﻞ‬‫ﻣ‬)‫ﺔ‬‫ﺍﺳ‬
‫ﺭ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺍﺕ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺎﺕﻭﺣ‬ ‫ﻌ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﺘﺠ‬‫ﺔﺑ‬ ‫ﻤ‬
‫ﺋ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺮﻗ‬ ‫ﻓ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺘ‬
‫ﺎﺗ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻋ‬
‫ﺭ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺍﺧ‬.‫ﺋﻲ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻮ‬‫ﻜﻞﻋﺸ‬ ‫ﺎﺕﺑﺸ‬‫ﻮﻋ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻤﺠ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻩ‬‫ﺬ‬‫ﺩﻣﻦﻫ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺭﻋ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﺘ‬‫ﺍﺧ‬‫ﻜﻦ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻳ‬، ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﻮ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﺎﺑﺴ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﺗﺠ‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺍﺳ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺍﺕ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻮﺣ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺭ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺘ‬
‫ﺍﺧ‬ ‫ﺑﻻًﻣﻦ‬‫(ﺪ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻗ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻨ‬
‫ﻌ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
)‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺍﺳ‬
‫ﺭ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺍﺕ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻮﺣ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﻮﻋ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻣﺠ‬
‫ﺓﻋﻦ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺒ‬
‫ﺎﺕﻋ‬ ‫ﻋ‬‫ﻮ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﻤﺠ‬ ‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻮﻥ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﺎﺗ‬‫ﻏﺎﻣ‬
ً
‫ﺒ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺎ‬.‫ﺔ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺩ‬‫ﻮ‬
‫ﻘ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻌ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﻨ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺬ‬‫ﺃﺧ‬ ‫ﻤﻰ‬‫ﺩﻱﻳﺴ‬ ‫ﺮ‬
‫ﻜﻞﻓ‬ ‫ﺑﺸ‬
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻓ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻐ‬
‫ﺍﺕﺟ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﻭﺣ‬(‫ﺍﺕ‬‫ﺩ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺜﻞ‬‫ﻣ‬
)‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻨﻈ‬‫ﺍﺕﺗ‬‫ﺪ‬‫(ﻭﻭﺣ‬
‫ﺮﻯﺃ‬ ‫ﻘ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺎﻃﻖﻭ‬ ‫ﻨ‬‫ﻤ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺜﻞ‬‫ﻣ‬)
.

30
5.Multi
-StageSampl ing:
Thismet hodisappr opriat
ewhent hepopul ati
onislargeand
widel
yscat t
ered.Thenumberofst agesofsampl i
ngisthenumber
ofti
mesasampl i
ngpr ocedureiscarriedout .
:
‫ﺍﺣﻞ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺩﺍ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺘ‬
‫ﺎﺕﻣ‬ ‫ﻨ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺬﺍ‬‫ﺃﺧ‬5.
‫ﺍﻝ‬‫ﺩ‬‫ﺪ‬
‫ﻋ‬.‫ﻊ‬‫ﺍﺳ‬‫ﺎﻕﻭ‬ ‫ﻠﻰﻧﻄ‬‫ﺎﻋ‬
ً‫ﺘ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻣﺸ‬‫ﺍﻭ‬
ً‫ﺮ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﺒ‬‫ﺎﻥﻛ‬‫ﻜ‬
‫ﻟﺴ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺪ‬
‫ﻮﻥﻋ‬ ‫ﻜ‬‫ﺎﻳ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺪ‬
‫ﻨ‬‫ﺔﻋ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺎﺳ‬‫ﻨ‬
‫ﺔﻣ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻟﻄ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻩ‬‫ﺬ‬‫ﻫ‬
.
‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺬ‬‫ﺃﺧ‬‫ﺀ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﺎﺇﺟ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺘﻢﻓ‬‫ﺘﻲﻳ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫ﻤ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺩ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻮﻋ‬‫ﺎﺕﻫ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻌ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺬ‬‫ﺃﺧ‬‫ﺍﺣﻞﻣﻦ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻣ‬

31
32
33
 Dat
acol
lect
ion

Out
li
nes:

I
ntroducti
on
Defini
ti
onofDat acoll
ecti
on
ProcessofDat aAnalysi
s
Methodsf ordatacoll
ecti
on
Sourcesofdatacollecti
on
:‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻳﻀ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫ﻌ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻮﻁ‬‫ﻟﺨﻄ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻘ‬
‫•ﻣ‬
‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﻧ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﺒ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻊ‬‫ﻤ‬
‫ﻳﻒﺟ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫ﻌ‬‫•ﺗ‬
‫ﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻧ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺒ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻴﻞ‬‫ﻠ‬
‫ﺔﺗﺤ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻠ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫•ﻋ‬
‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﻧ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺒ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻊ‬‫ﻤ‬
‫ﺮﻕﺟ‬ ‫•ﻃ‬
‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﻧ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﺒ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻊ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﺭﺟ‬ ‫ﺩ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫•ﻣﺼ‬

Dat
acol
lect
ion
Int
roducti
on:
Thedat acoll
ect
edfrom thefi
eldareveryext
ensi
v eand
unprocessed.Whil
esur v
eyi
ngint hefi
eldsomeobjectsremai
nun-
surveyedanddata,t
herefor
e,becomesdi ssi
mil
ar.Hence,t
her
eis
needforprocessi
ngt hedataproperl
y.

Defi
nit
ionofDat acollecti
on:i
stheprocessofgat heri
ngrequired
i
nformationbyprimaryorsecondarymet hodsandmanagi ngthem
i
nther i
ghtformat
:
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻣ‬
،‫ﻧﻲ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺢ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺀ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻨ‬‫ﺛ‬
‫ﺃ‬ .
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻟﺠ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻌ‬
‫ﺮﻣ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺍﻭﻏ‬
‫ﺪ‬‫ﺔﺟ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺍﺳ‬‫ﺍﻥﻭ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺎﻣﻦ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﻌ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﺘﻲﺗﻢﺟ‬ ‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻧ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺒ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
،‫ﻟﻲ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺘ‬
‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﺑ‬.‫ﺔ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﻠ‬
‫ﺘ‬‫ﺎﺕﻣﺨ‬ ‫ﻧ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺒ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺒﺢ‬
‫ﻟﻲﺗﺼ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺘ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﺑ‬
‫ﻤﺴﺢﻭ‬ ‫ﻠ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻌ‬
‫ﺎﺿ‬‫ﺮﺧ‬ ‫ﻴ‬
‫ﺎﺕﻏ‬ ‫ﻨ‬
‫ﺋ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻜ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﺗﻈﻞﺑ‬
‫ﺔ‬‫ﺎﺟ‬‫ﺎﻙﺣ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻫ‬
.
‫ﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻜﻞ ﺻﺤ‬‫ﺎﺕﺑﺸ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺒ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻟﺠ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻌ‬‫ﻟﻰﻣ‬‫ﺇ‬
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻳ‬
‫ﻮ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺜ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﻭ‬‫ﺍﻷ‬‫ﺮﻕ‬‫ﻟﻄ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﺔﺑ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻠ‬
‫ﻤﻄ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻮ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻌ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻊ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺔﺟ‬ ‫ﻴ‬‫ﻠ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﻫﻲﻋ‬: ‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﻧ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﺒ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﻊﺍ‬ ‫ﻤ‬
‫ﻳﻒﺟ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫ﻌ‬
‫ﺗ‬
.
‫ﻴﺢ‬‫ﻟﺼﺤ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻜﻞ‬‫ﻟﺸ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺎﺑ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﺗ‬‫ﺭ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺩ‬‫ﺇ‬
‫ﻭ‬

34
ProcessofDataAnalysi
s:
DataAnaly
sisconsi
stsofthef
oll
owi
ngphasest
hatar
eit
erat
ivei
n
natur
e

Dat
aRequi
rement
sSpeci
fi
cat
ion
Dat
aCol
l
ect
ion
Dat
aPr
ocessi
ng
Dat
aCl
eani
ng
Dat
aAnal
ysi
s
Communi
cat
ion

Met
hodsf
ordat
acol
lect
ion:

1.I
n–dept
hint
erv
iews.

Ani nt
ervi
ewi soneofthemostcommonqual it
at i
veresear
ch
met hods.I
tisapersonali
nter
viewthati
scarri
edoutwi thone
respondentatatime.Thisi
spur el
yaconver
sational
met hodand
i
nv i
tesopportuni
ti
estogetdetail
sindept
hfrom therespondent
.

35
‫‪2.Par‬‬
‫‪t‬‬‫‪i‬‬
‫‪ci‬‬‫‪pantobser‬‬
‫‪v‬‬‫‪at‬‬
‫‪i‬‬‫‪on.‬‬

‫‪I‬‬
‫‪st‬‬‫‪hatt‬‬
‫‪her‬‬‫‪esear‬‬‫‪chercol‬‬
‫‪l‬‬
‫‪ect‬‬
‫‪si‬‬‫‪nf‬‬‫‪or‬‬
‫‪mat‬‬‫‪i‬‬‫‪onwi‬‬
‫‪t‬‬‫‪hi‬‬
‫‪nbyt‬‬
‫‪aki‬‬
‫‪ngona‬‬
‫‪r‬‬
‫‪ol‬‬‫‪eandact‬‬
‫‪i‬‬‫‪v‬‬‫‪el‬‬
‫‪yengagedi‬‬‫‪nt‬‬‫‪heact‬‬
‫‪i‬‬‫‪v‬‬‫‪i‬‬
‫‪t‬‬‫‪y‬‬‫‪.‬‬

‫‪3.Sur‬‬‫‪v‬‬‫‪ey‬‬‫‪sandquest‬‬ ‫‪i‬‬‫‪onnai‬‬‫‪r‬‬
‫‪es‬‬
‫‪usecar‬‬ ‫‪ef‬‬‫‪ul‬‬
‫‪l‬‬
‫‪yconst‬‬ ‫‪r‬‬
‫‪uct‬‬‫‪edquest‬‬ ‫‪i‬‬
‫‪ons,‬‬‫‪of‬‬‫‪t‬‬‫‪enr‬‬‫‪anki‬‬
‫‪ngorscor‬‬‫‪i‬‬
‫‪ng‬‬
‫‪opt‬‬‫‪i‬‬
‫‪onsorusi‬‬ ‫‪ngcl‬‬‫‪osed-‬‬‫‪endedquest‬‬‫‪i‬‬‫‪ons.Acl‬‬‫‪osed-‬‬
‫‪endedquest‬‬ ‫‪i‬‬
‫‪on‬‬
‫‪l‬‬
‫‪i‬‬‫‪mi‬‬‫‪t‬‬‫‪sr‬‬‫‪espondent‬‬‫‪st‬‬‫‪oaspeci‬‬ ‫‪f‬‬‫‪i‬‬
‫‪ednumberofanswer‬‬ ‫‪s.Forexampl‬‬ ‫‪e,‬‬
‫‪t‬‬‫‪hi‬‬
‫‪si‬‬‫‪st‬‬‫‪hecasei‬‬ ‫‪nmul‬‬ ‫‪t‬‬‫‪i‬‬
‫‪pl‬‬‫‪e-‬‬
‫‪choi‬‬‫‪cequest‬‬‫‪i‬‬
‫‪ons.Goodqual‬‬‫‪i‬‬‫‪t‬‬
‫‪ydesi‬‬‫‪gni‬‬ ‫‪s‬‬
‫‪par‬‬‫‪t‬‬
‫‪i‬‬‫‪cul‬‬‫‪ar‬‬
‫‪l‬‬‫‪yi‬‬
‫‪mpor‬‬ ‫‪t‬‬
‫‪antf‬‬ ‫‪orquant‬‬‫‪i‬‬‫‪t‬‬
‫‪at‬‬‫‪i‬‬
‫‪v‬‬‫‪esur‬‬ ‫‪v‬‬
‫‪ey‬‬‫‪sandquest‬‬‫‪i‬‬
‫‪onnai‬‬
‫‪r‬‬ ‫‪es.‬‬

‫ﺎﺕ‪:‬‬‫ﻧ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺒ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﻴﻞﺍ‬‫ﻠ‬
‫ﺔﺗﺤ‬ ‫ﻴ‬‫ﻠ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﻋ‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻳ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﺘ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻌ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺒ‬
‫ﻟﻄ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺍﺕ‬‫ﺔﺫ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺘ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺍﺣﻞ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺎﺕﻣﻦ‬‫ﻧ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﺒ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻴﻞ‬‫ﻠ‬
‫ﻮﻥﺗﺤ‬ ‫ﻜ‬
‫ﺘ‬‫ﻳ‬
‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺒ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻠ‬
‫ﺘﻄ‬ ‫ﺎﺕﻣ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﺍﺻ‬‫ﻮ‬‫•ﻣ‬
‫ﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻧ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺒ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻊ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫•ﺟ‬
‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺒ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻟﺠ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻌ‬‫•ﻣ‬
‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺒ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻴﻒ‬‫ﻨﻈ‬‫•ﺗ‬
‫ﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻧ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﺒ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻴﻞ‬‫ﻠ‬‫•ﺗﺤ‬
‫ﺍﺻﻞ‬‫ﻮ‬‫•ﺗ‬

‫‪:‬‬
‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﻧ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﺒ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻊ‬‫ﻤ‬
‫ﺮﻕﺟ‬
‫ﻃ‬

‫‪.‬‬
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻌ‬
‫ﺘ‬‫ﺑﻼﺕﻣ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻘ‬
‫ﻣ‬‫‪1.‬‬
‫ﺘﻢ‬
‫ﺔﻳ‬ ‫ﻴ‬
‫ﺔﺷﺨﺼ‬ ‫ﻠ‬
‫ﺑ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻘ‬‫ﺎﻣ‬
‫ﻬ‬‫ﻧ‬
‫‪.‬ﺇ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻮً‬
‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻮﻋﻲﺷ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺒﺤﺚ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺮﻕ‬
‫ﺮﻃ‬ ‫ﺜ‬
‫ﻛ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﺓﻣﻦ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺍﺣ‬
‫ﺔﻫﻲﻭ‬ ‫ﻠ‬
‫ﺑ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻘ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻟﻰ‬‫ﻮﺇ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﺪ‬
‫ﺗ‬‫ﺔﻭ‬
‫ﺘ‬‫ﺔﺑﺤ‬‫ﺛ‬
‫ﺩ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺔﻣﺤ‬‫ﻘ‬
‫ﻳ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻩﻃ‬
‫ﺬ‬‫ﻣ‪.‬ﻫ‬
‫ﺓ‬‫ﺪﻓﻲﻛﻞ ﺮ‬‫ﺍﺣ‬‫ﻴﺐﻭ‬‫ﺘﺠ‬‫ﻊﻣﺴ‬ ‫ﺎﻣ‬
‫ﺅﻫ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﺇﺟ‬
‫ﺘﻰ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﺘ‬
‫ﻤﺴ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺔﻣﻦ‬‫ﻘ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺘ‬
‫ﻴﻞﻣ‬‫ﺎﺻ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﻠﻰﺗ‬‫ﻮﻝﻋ‬‫ﻟﺤﺼ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫‪.‬‬

‫‪.‬‬
‫ﻴﻦ‬‫ﻛ‬
‫ﺭ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤﺸ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻗ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫‪2.‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻌ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻛ‬
‫ﺭ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤﺸ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺭﻭ‬‫ﻭ‬
‫ﺪ‬‫ﻡﺑ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻘ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻪﻣﻦﺧﻼﻝ‬
‫ﻠ‬‫ﺍﺧ‬
‫ﺪ‬‫ﺎﺕﺑ‬
‫ﻣ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻠ‬
‫ﻌ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻊ‬‫ﻤ‬
‫ﺎﺣﺚﺑﺠ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻡ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﺃﻥﻳ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻫ‬
‫ﺎﻁ‬‫ﻨﺸ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬

‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺘ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳ‬‫ﻮﺡﻭ‬‫ﻤﺴ‬ ‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫‪.‬‬‫‪3‬‬
‫ﻴﻞ‬‫ﻭﺗﺴﺠ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﻴﺐ‬‫ﺗ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺘ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺍﺕ‬‫ﺭ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻮﻥﺧ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﺎﺗ‬
‫ﺎﻣ‬‫ً‬
‫ﺒ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫‪،‬ﻭﻏ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻳ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻨ‬
‫ﻌ‬‫ﺔﺑ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻤﺼ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺌ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺳ‬‫ﻡ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺘﺨ‬‫ﺍﺳ‬
‫ﺩ‬
‫ﺪ‬‫ﺩﻣﺤ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺒ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺘﺠ‬‫ﻤﺴ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺪﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻠﻖﻳﺤ‬‫ﻐ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻝ‬‫ﺆ‬‫ﻟﺴ‬‫ﺍ‬‫‪.‬‬
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻠ‬
‫ﻐ‬‫ﺔﻣ‬‫ﻠ‬
‫ﺌ‬‫ﺃﺳ‬‫ﻡ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺘﺨ‬‫ﺎﺳ‬
‫ﻭﺑ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﺭﺟ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﺒ‬
‫ﺘ‬‫ﻌ‬‫‪.‬ﻳ‬
‫ﺩ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻌ‬
‫ﺘ‬‫ﺭﻣﻦﻣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺘ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺧ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻠ‬
‫ﺌ‬‫ﺃﺳ‬‫ﺎﻝﻓﻲ‬‫ﻟﺤ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻮ‬‫ﺍﻫ‬ ‫ﺬ‬
‫ﺎ‪،‬ﻫ‬
‫ﺜﻝ‬ ‫ﻤ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻴﻞ‬‫ﺒ‬
‫ﻠﻰﺳ‬ ‫‪.‬ﻋ‬‫ﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺑ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺍﻹﺟ‬‫ﻦ‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻤ‬
‫ﻜ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﻧ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﺒ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺍﻻﺳ‬
‫ﺎﺕﻭ‬ ‫ﻮﺣ‬‫ﻤﺴ‬‫ﻠ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﻜﻞﺧ‬‫ﺎﺑﺸ‬‫ً‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﻬ‬
‫ﺓﻣ‬ ‫ﺩ‬
‫ﻮ‬‫ﻟﺠ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻟﺠ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻴﻢ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺘﺼ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬

‫‪36‬‬
Sour
cesofdat
acol
lect
ion:

4.Pri
maryDataCol l
ection
Pri
marydatasourcesincludeinfor
mati
oncoll
ect
edandprocessed
di
rectl
ybytheresearcher,suchasobser
vat
ions,
sur
veys,
i
nterv
iews,
andf ocusgroups.

5.Secondar yDataCol l
ection
Secondar ydatasourcesincludei nformat i
onr etr
iev
edt hrough
preexisti
ngsources:researchar t
icles,I
nt ernetorli
brarysearches,
etc.Preexisti
ngdatamayal soincluder ecor dsanddat aalr
eady
withi
nt heprogram:publicationsandt rainingmat eri
als,f
inancial
records,student
/cl
ientdata, perf
ormancer evi
ewsofst aff,et
c.
:
‫ﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻧ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺒ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﻊﺍ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺭﺟ‬‫ﺩ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺼ‬

‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺎﺕﺍﻷ‬‫ﻧ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﻊﺍ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺟ‬.4.
‫ﺒﻞ‬
‫ﺓﻣﻦﻗ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫ﺎﺷ‬‫ﺒ‬
‫ﺎﻣ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﺘ‬
‫ﻟﺠ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻌ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺎﻭ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﻌ‬
‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺘﻲﺗﻢﺟ‬ ‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻮ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻤ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺍﻷ‬‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺒ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺭ‬
‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻤﻞﻣﺼ‬ ‫ﺗﺸ‬
.
‫ﺰ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻛ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﺘ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﻮﻋ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻣﺠ‬‫ﺑﻼﺕﻭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻘ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺎﺕﻭ‬‫ﺘﻄﻼﻋ‬‫ﺍﻻﺳ‬‫ﺎﺕﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﻼﺣﻈ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﻣ‬،‫ﺎﺣﺚ‬ ‫ﺒ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻧ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﺜ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺎﺕﺍ‬‫ﻧ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﻊﺍ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺟ‬.5.
‫ﺓ‬
‫ﺩ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻮﺟ‬‫ﺭﻣ‬ ‫ﺩ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﺎﻣﻦﺧﻼﻝﻣﺼ‬ ‫ﺩﻫ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺩ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺍﺳ‬ ‫ﺘﻲﺗﻢ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻠ‬
‫ﻌ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻳ‬
‫ﻮ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺜ‬ ‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺒ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺭ‬
‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻤﻞﻣﺼ‬ ‫ﺗﺸ‬
.‫ﻟﻚ‬‫ﻟﻰﺫ‬‫ﺎﺇ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻭ‬، ‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﺒ‬
‫ﺘ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﻤ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻭ‬
‫ﺃ‬‫ﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺮ‬
‫ﺘ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺍﻹ‬‫ﻠﻰ‬‫ﺒﺤﺚﻋ‬ ‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻠ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻭﻋ‬،
‫ﺔﺃ‬ ‫ﻴ‬‫ﺜ‬‫ﺒﺤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺎﻻﺕ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬:ً
‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻘ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻣﺴ‬
‫ﻤﻦ‬‫ﺘﻀ‬‫ﺪﺗ‬‫ﻗ‬‫ﻭ‬
:
‫ﻣﺞ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻧ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺍﺧﻞ‬‫ﻌﻞﺩ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﺓﺑ‬
‫ﺩ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻮﺟ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻧ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﺒ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻟﺴﺠﻼﺕﻭ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ً
‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻳﻀ‬‫ﺃ‬ً
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺓﻣﺴ‬‫ﺩ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻮﺟ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﻧ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺒ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﻌ‬
‫ﺍﺟ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺀﻭ‬‫ﻤﻼ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬/‫ﻟﻄﻼﺏ‬ ‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺔﻭ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻟﺴﺠﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﺍ‬
،‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺒ‬
‫ﻳ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺩ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻮ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺍﺕﻭ‬ ‫ﺭ‬
‫ﻮ‬‫ﻨﺸ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
.‫ﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻟﻰﺫ‬‫ﺎﺇ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻴﻦﻭ‬ ‫ﻔ‬‫ﻮﻇ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺀ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺩ‬
‫ﺃ‬

37
 Et
hicsandI
nfor
medconsent
Out
li
nes:
Def
ini
ti
onofEt
hics

Def
ini
ti
onofCodeofEt
hics

Def
ini
ti
onofNur
singEt
hics

Pr
incipl
esofEt
hics
I
nformedconsent

‫ﺓ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻨ‬
‫ﺘ‬‫ﻤﺴ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻘ‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻮ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺧﻼﻕﻭ‬
:‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻳﻀ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻮﻁ‬‫ﻟﺨﻄ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺧﻼﻕ‬‫ﻳﻒ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺗ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺧﻼﻕ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻧ‬
‫ﻭ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻳﻒﻣ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺗ‬
‫ﻳﺾ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺘ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻗ‬‫ﺃﺧﻼ‬‫ﻳﻒ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺗ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺧﻼﻕ‬‫ﺩﺉ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺒ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻘ‬
‫ﺒ‬‫ﻤﺴ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻓ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻤ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬

Et
hicsandI
nfor
medconsent

Defi
nit
ionofEt hi
cs:
I
tisscienceorstudyofmoralval
uesor,
I
tisdeclarat
ionsofwhati
srightorwr obe.
ong&whatoughtt

Def
init
ionofCodeofEthi
cs:
I
salistofrul
esofgoodconductf
ormember
sofapar
ti
cul
argr
oup.

Defi
ni t
ionofNursi
ngEthics:
System ofpri
nci
plesconcerningt
heact
ionofthenur
sei
n
rel
ationshi
pswit
hpatients,famil
i
es,
otherheal
thcar
epr
ovi
der
,pol
icymakers,andsocietyasawhole.

Pr
inci
plesofEt
hics:

Justi
ce:meant hatpeopl
ehavetherighttobetr
eatedequal
l
y
andfai
rl
y,al
lresourcesavai
labl
eforhealt
hcareshouldbe
di
str
ibut
edequallytopeople.
Benef
icence:meanst
odogoodf
orot
her
s.
Nonmal
efi
cence:meansdoi
ngnohar
m,heal
thcar
epr
ovi
der
s

38
‫‪shoul‬‬
‫‪dnothar‬‬
‫‪mt‬‬‫‪hei‬‬
‫‪rcl‬‬
‫‪i‬‬
‫‪entei‬‬
‫‪t‬‬‫‪heri‬‬
‫‪nt‬‬‫‪ent‬‬
‫‪i‬‬‫‪onal‬‬
‫‪l‬‬
‫‪yoruni‬‬
‫‪nt‬‬‫‪ent‬‬
‫‪i‬‬‫‪onal‬‬
‫‪l‬‬
‫‪y‬‬‫‪.‬‬

‫‪Aut‬‬
‫‪onomy‬‬‫‪:‬‬‫‪i‬‬‫‪nv‬‬
‫‪ol‬‬‫‪v‬‬
‫‪esper‬‬
‫‪sonal‬‬‫‪f‬‬
‫‪r‬‬‫‪eedom andsel‬‬
‫‪f–det‬‬
‫‪er‬‬‫‪mi‬‬
‫‪nat‬‬
‫‪i‬‬‫‪on,‬‬
‫‪i‬‬‫‪t‬‬
‫‪i‬‬
‫‪st‬‬‫‪her‬‬‫‪i‬‬
‫‪ghtt‬‬
‫‪ochoosewhatwi‬‬
‫‪l‬‬‫‪l‬‬
‫‪happent‬‬‫‪oonesel‬‬‫‪f‬‬
‫‪.‬‬

‫‪Ver‬‬‫‪aci‬‬
‫‪t‬‬‫‪y‬‬‫‪:meanst‬‬
‫‪r‬‬‫‪ut‬‬
‫‪ht‬‬‫‪el‬‬
‫‪l‬‬‫‪i‬‬
‫‪ng,‬‬
‫‪t‬‬‫‪hi‬‬
‫‪spr‬‬
‫‪i‬‬‫‪nci‬‬
‫‪pl‬‬‫‪esay‬‬
‫‪st‬‬‫‪hatt‬‬
‫‪hewhol‬‬
‫‪e‬‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫‪r‬‬‫‪ut‬‬
‫‪hshoul‬‬ ‫‪dal‬‬
‫‪way‬‬‫‪sbet‬‬‫‪ol‬‬
‫‪d.‬‬

‫‪Fi‬‬
‫‪del‬‬
‫‪i‬‬‫‪t‬‬
‫‪y‬‬‫‪:meanskeepi‬‬
‫‪ngpr‬‬
‫‪omi‬‬
‫‪ses,‬‬
‫‪wheny‬‬
‫‪ouar‬‬
‫‪el‬‬‫‪oy‬‬
‫‪al‬‬‫‪y‬‬
‫‪oukeep‬‬
‫‪y‬‬
‫‪ourpr‬‬
‫‪omi‬‬‫‪ses.‬‬

‫‪Conf‬‬‫‪i‬‬
‫‪dent‬‬‫‪i‬‬
‫‪al‬‬‫‪i‬‬
‫‪t‬‬‫‪y‬‬‫‪:‬‬‫‪meansr‬‬‫‪espect‬‬‫‪i‬‬
‫‪ngpr‬‬‫‪i‬‬
‫‪v‬‬‫‪i‬‬
‫‪l‬‬‫‪egedi‬‬
‫‪nf‬‬‫‪or‬‬
‫‪mat‬‬‫‪i‬‬
‫‪onandt‬‬‫‪he‬‬
‫‪obl‬‬
‫‪i‬‬‫‪gat‬‬
‫‪i‬‬‫‪ont‬‬‫‪oobser‬‬‫‪v‬‬‫‪et‬‬‫‪hepr‬‬‫‪i‬‬
‫‪v‬‬‫‪acyofanot‬‬
‫‪herandt‬‬‫‪ohol‬‬
‫‪dcer‬‬
‫‪t‬‬‫‪ai‬‬
‫‪n‬‬
‫‪i‬‬
‫‪nf‬‬‫‪or‬‬‫‪mat‬‬‫‪i‬‬
‫‪oni‬‬‫‪nst‬‬‫‪r‬‬
‫‪i‬‬‫‪ctconf‬‬‫‪i‬‬
‫‪dence.‬‬

‫ﺓ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻨ‬
‫ﺘ‬‫ﻤﺴ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺔﺍ‬
‫ﻘ‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻮ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺧﻼﻕﻭ‬

‫‪:‬‬‫ﻳﻒﺍﻷﺧﻼﻕ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻌ‬
‫ﺗ‬
‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻣ‬‫ﺄﻭ‬
‫ﻮﺧﻄ‬
‫ﺎﻫ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺍﺏﻭ‬
‫ﻮ‬‫ﻮﺻ‬
‫ﺎﻫ‬‫ﻤ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻳﺤ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﺎﺗﺼ‬
‫ﻬ‬‫ﻧ‬
‫ﺃ‪،‬ﺇ‬
‫ﺔﻭ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﻗ‬‫ﺍﻷﺧﻼ‬
‫ﻴﻢ‬‫ﻘ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺔ‬
‫ﺍﺳ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﻭﺩ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﻠﻢ‬
‫ﻪﻋ‬‫ﻧ‬
‫ﺇ‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫ﻮﻥ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﺃﻥﻳ‬‫ﻳﺠﺐ‬

‫‪:‬‬‫ﺔﺍﻷﺧﻼﻕ‬‫ﻧ‬
‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺪ‬
‫ﻳﻒﻣ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫ﻌ‬
‫ﺗ‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻌ‬‫ﺔﻣ‬
‫ﻋ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻤ‬
‫ﺀﻣﺠ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻮﻙﻷﻋﻀ‬
‫ﻠ‬‫ﻟﺴ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺓﻭ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﻟﺴ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺪﺣﺴﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻋ‬
‫ﻮ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﺔﺑ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺋ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻫﻲﻗ‬

‫‪:‬‬
‫ﻳﺾ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺎﺕﺍ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﻳﻒﺃﺧﻼ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻌ‬
‫ﺗ‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻳ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬
‫ﺪ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻷﺮﻭ‬
‫ﺍﺳ‬
‫ﺮﺿﻰﻭ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻊ‬‫ﺎﺕﻣ‬‫ﻗ‬
‫ﻌﻼ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺔﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺮﺿ‬‫ﻤ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻤﻞ‬‫ﻌ‬
‫ﺔﺑ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻠ‬
‫ﻌ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻤ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺩﺉ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺒ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻡ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻧﻈ‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫ﻜﻞ‬‫ﻊﻛ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻤﺠ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺎﺕﻭ‬‫ﺎﺳ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﻟﺴ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻌﻲ‬‫ﻧ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻳﻦﻭﺻ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺍﻵﺧ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻟﺼﺤ‬
‫ﺍ‬

‫‪:‬‬
‫ﺩﺉﺍﻷﺧﻼﻕ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﺒ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫‪،‬ﻳﺠﺐ‬ ‫ﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﻧﺼ‬‫ﺇ‬

‫ﺓﻭ‬ ‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻭ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻤﺴ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻡ‬ ‫ﺪ‬
‫ﻠﻰﻗ‬ ‫ﺍﻋ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺃﻥﻳ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻖﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍ‬‫ﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻨ‬‫ﻠ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺃﻥ‬‫ﻨﻲ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻳ‬
‫ﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺪ‬‫‪-‬ﻋ‬
‫ﺎﺱ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻨ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻠﻰ‬‫ﻭﻱﻋ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘﺴ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﺔﺑ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻟﺼﺤ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻳ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺮﻋ‬‫ﻠ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﺎﺣ‬ ‫ﺘ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺩ‬‫ﺭ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻤ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻊ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﻊﺟ‬ ‫ﻳ‬‫ﺯ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺗ‬
‫ﻳﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺮ‬
‫ﻟﻶﺧ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻟﺨ‬ ‫ﺍ‬‫ﻌﻞ‬‫ﻨﻲﻓ‬‫ﻌ‬‫‪:‬ﻳ‬
‫ﺎﻥ‬‫ﺍﻹﺣﺴ‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫ﺭ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﻟﻀ‬ ‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺎﻕ‬‫ﻟﺤ‬‫ﻡﺇ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺔﻋ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻟﺼﺤ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺮﻋ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻠﻰﻣ‬‫‪،‬ﻳﺠﺐﻋ‬ ‫ﺭ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺿ‬ ‫ﻡ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻨﻲﻋ‬‫ﻌ‬‫‪:‬ﻳ‬‫ﺫ‬
‫ﺆ‬‫ﺮﻣ‬ ‫ﻴ‬‫‪-‬ﻏ‬
‫‪.‬‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺮﻗﺼ‬ ‫ﻴ‬‫ﻭﻋﻦﻏ‬ ‫ﺃ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺀﻋﻦﻗﺼ‬ ‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻮ‬‫ﻬﻢﺳ‬ ‫ﺋ‬‫ﻤﻼ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺑ‬
‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺭﻣ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺍﺧ‬‫ﻟﺤﻖﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻭﻫ‬‫‪،‬‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻤﺼ‬ ‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺮ‬
‫ﻳ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﺗ‬
‫ﺔﻭ‬ ‫ﻴ‬‫ﻟﺸﺨﺼ‬ ‫ﺍ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻟﺤ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻠﻰ‬‫ﻮﻱﻋ‬ ‫ﻨﻄ‬‫‪:‬ﻳ‬
‫ﺗﻲ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺬ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﻜﻢﺍ‬‫ﻟﺤ‬ ‫ﺍ‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫‪.‬‬‫ﻪ‬
‫ﻔﺴ‬ ‫ﻨ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺪﺙ‬ ‫ﻴﺤ‬‫ﺳ‬
‫ﺔ‪.‬‬‫ﻠ‬
‫ﻣ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺔﻛ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻘ‬
‫ﻟﺤ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻮﻝ‬‫ﺎﻗ‬‫ً‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﺋ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻪﻳﺠﺐﺩ‬ ‫ﻧ‬
‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺃ‬
‫ﺪ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺬ‬
‫ﻮﻝﻫ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ‫‪،‬ﻳ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻘ‬‫ﻟﺤ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻨﻲﻗ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻳ‬
‫‪:‬‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻗ‬
‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﺛ‬
‫ﻮ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫‪-‬ﺍ‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﻙ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻔﻲﺑ‬‫ﻧﻚﺗ‬‫ﺈ‬‫ﺎﻓ‬‫ً‬
‫ﻠﺼ‬‫ﻮﻥﻣﺨ‬ ‫ﻜ‬
‫ﺎﺗ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻨ‬‫‪،‬ﻋ‬‫ﺩ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻮﻋ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﺀﺑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻨﻲ‬‫ﻌ‬‫‪:‬ﻳ‬‫‪-‬ﺍﻻﺧﻼ ﺹ‬
‫ﺎﻅ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺍﻻﺣ‬‫ﻵﺮﻭ‬
‫ﺍﺧ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻮﺻ‬‫ﺓﺧﺼ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺍﻋ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻡﺑ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺰ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍﻻ‬‫ﺓﻭ‬ ‫ﺰ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻠ‬
‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﻤ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻡ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﺘ‬‫ﺍﺣ‬‫ﻨﻲ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻳ‬‫‪:‬‬
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺮ‬‫‪-‬ﺳ‬
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺔﺗ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺔﺑﺴ‬‫ﻨ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺎﺕﻣ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﻠ‬
‫ﻌ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺑ‬

‫‪39‬‬
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‫ﺔ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻓﻖﻣﺴ‬ ‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻮ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻳﻦ‬‫ﺭ‬
‫ﺩ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺍﻗ‬
‫ﻮ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﻮ‬
‫ﻜ‬‫ﺃﻥﻳ‬‫ﻭ‬
،‫ﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻮﺹ‬ ‫ﺔﺑﺨﺼ‬ ‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻓ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺎﺕﻛ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻠ‬
‫ﻌ‬‫ﻴﻦﻣ‬‫ﻛ‬
‫ﺭ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤﺸ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺪﻯ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻮﻥ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﺃﻥﻳ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ‬
‫ﻠﻰ‬‫ﺔﻋ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻮ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻬﻢﻣﻦ‬‫ﻨ‬
‫ﻜ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺎﻳ‬‫ﻤ‬
‫ﻣ‬،‫ﺮ‬‫ﻟﺤ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺭ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﺘ‬‫ﺍﻻﺧ‬ ‫ﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺓﻋ‬ ‫ﺭ‬
‫ﺪ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻬﻢ‬
‫ﻳ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻭ‬،‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﻮ‬
‫ﻠ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻬﻢ‬‫ﻠﻰﻓ‬‫ﻋ‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺍﻋ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺎﻃ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﻓﻀ‬‫ﻭﺭ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻛ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻤﺸ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
.
‫ﺓ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻨ‬
‫ﺘ‬‫ﻤﺴ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺔﺍ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻮ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻳﻒﺍ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺗ‬
‫ﺮ‬
‫ﺎﻃ‬‫ﻮﻝﻣﺨ‬ ‫ﻳ ﺾﺣ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻤ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻴﻒ‬
‫ﻘ‬‫ﺜ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺔﺑ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻟﺼﺤ‬ ‫ﺍ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻳ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﺮﻋ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻡ‬‫ﺪ‬
‫ﻘ‬‫ﺎﻣ‬‫ﻬ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﻡﻓ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﺘﻲﻳ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻠ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻬ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺇ‬
.‫ﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻌ‬‫ﺪﺧﻞﻣ‬‫ﻭﺗ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﺀ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﺋﻞﺇﺟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺪ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺪﻭ‬‫ﺋ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻮ‬
‫ﻓ‬‫ﻭ‬

TheCont
entofI
nfor
medConsent
:

1.Par
ti
cipantst
atus:
Theyshoul
dbetol
dwhichhealt
hcareacti
vi
tiesar
erout
ineand
whi
chareimpl
ementedspeci
fi
cal
lyf
orthestudy.
2.St
udygoal
s.
Theov
eral
lgoal
soft
her
esear
chshoul
dbest
ated
3.Ty
peofdat
a
t
hatwi
l
lbecol
l
ect
ed.
4.Pr
ocedur
es.
Part
ici
pantsshoul
dbegi
venadescr
ipt
ionoft
hedat
acol
l
ect
ion
pr
ocedures.
5.Nat
ureoft
hecommi
tment

40
‫‪whi‬‬ ‫‪chi‬‬‫‪ncl‬‬
‫‪udespar‬‬‫‪t‬‬
‫‪i‬‬‫‪ci‬‬
‫‪pant‬‬
‫‘‪s‬‬‫‪est‬‬
‫‪i‬‬‫‪mat‬‬‫‪edt‬‬
‫‪i‬‬‫‪mecommi‬‬‫‪t‬‬‫‪mentateach‬‬
‫‪poi‬‬‫‪ntofcont‬‬‫‪act‬‬
‫‪,‬‬‫‪andt‬‬‫‪henumberofcont‬‬
‫‪act‬‬
‫‪swi‬‬‫‪t‬‬‫‪hi‬‬
‫‪nspeci‬‬
‫‪f‬‬‫‪i‬‬
‫‪ed‬‬
‫‪t‬‬‫‪i‬‬
‫‪mef‬‬ ‫‪r‬‬
‫‪ames.‬‬

‫‪6.Pot‬‬
‫‪ent‬‬
‫‪i‬‬‫‪alr‬‬
‫‪i‬‬‫‪sks‬‬
‫‪par‬‬
‫‪t‬‬‫‪i‬‬
‫‪ci‬‬‫‪pant‬‬
‫‪sshoul‬‬
‫‪dbei‬‬
‫‪nf‬‬‫‪or‬‬
‫‪medofanyr‬‬
‫‪i‬‬‫‪sks‬‬
‫‪7.Pot‬‬
‫‪ent‬‬
‫‪i‬‬‫‪albenef‬‬
‫‪i‬‬‫‪t‬‬
‫‪s.‬‬
‫‪Speci‬‬
‫‪f‬‬‫‪i‬‬
‫‪cbenef‬‬
‫‪i‬‬‫‪t‬‬
‫‪st‬‬‫‪opar‬‬
‫‪t‬‬‫‪i‬‬
‫‪ci‬‬
‫‪pant‬‬
‫‪s,‬‬‫‪i‬‬
‫‪fany‬‬
‫‪,‬‬‫‪shoul‬‬
‫‪dbedescr‬‬
‫‪i‬‬‫‪bed‬‬
‫‪8.Conf‬‬
‫‪i‬‬‫‪dent‬‬
‫‪i‬‬‫‪al‬‬
‫‪i‬‬‫‪t‬‬
‫‪y‬‬‫‪.‬‬
‫‪Pr‬‬‫‪ospect‬‬
‫‪i‬‬‫‪v‬‬‫‪epar‬‬
‫‪t‬‬‫‪i‬‬‫‪ci‬‬
‫‪pant‬‬‫‪sshoul‬‬
‫‪dbeassur‬‬
‫‪edt‬‬
‫‪hatt‬‬
‫‪hei‬‬
‫‪rpr‬‬
‫‪i‬‬‫‪v‬‬‫‪acywi‬‬
‫‪l‬‬
‫‪l‬‬
‫‪atal‬‬
‫‪l‬‬‫‪t‬‬‫‪i‬‬
‫‪mesbepr‬‬ ‫‪ot‬‬‫‪ect‬‬
‫‪ed‬‬
‫‪9.Vol‬‬
‫‪unt‬‬
‫‪ar‬‬‫‪yconsentandwi‬‬
‫‪t‬‬‫‪hdr‬‬
‫‪aw‬‬

‫‪10.Cont‬‬
‫‪acti‬‬
‫‪nf‬‬‫‪or‬‬
‫‪mat‬‬
‫‪i‬‬‫‪onf‬‬
‫‪orf‬‬
‫‪ur‬‬‫‪t‬‬
‫‪heri‬‬
‫‪nf‬‬‫‪or‬‬
‫‪mat‬‬
‫‪i‬‬‫‪on‬‬

‫‪:‬‬
‫ﺓ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻨ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻤﺴ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺔﺍ‬
‫ﻘ‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻮ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﻮﻯﺍ‬
‫ﺘ‬‫ﻣﺤ‬

‫ﺘﻢ‬
‫ﺘﻲﻳ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺔﻭ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻨ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺗ‬
‫ﻭ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻟﺼﺤ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻳ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﺮﻋ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻧﺸﻄ‬
‫ﺄ‬‫ﺭﻫﻢﺑ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﺒ‬
‫ﻳﺠﺐﺇﺧ‬‫ﺭﻙ‪:‬‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻤﺸ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫‪.‬ﺣﺔﺍ‬
‫ﻟ‬
‫‪ 1.‬ﺎ‬
‫‪.‬‬‫ﺔ‬
‫ﺍﺳ‬‫ﺭ‬
‫ﺪ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ً‬
‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻴﺼ‬‫ﺎﺧﺼ‬‫ﺬﻫ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻔ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﺗ‬

‫ﺒﺤﺚ‬
‫ﻠ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻌ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺍﻑ‬
‫ﺪ‬‫ﺍﻷﻫ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﻛ‬‫‪.‬ﻳﺠﺐﺫ‬
‫ﺔ‬‫ﺍﺳ‬
‫ﺭ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍﻑﺍ‬
‫ﺪ‬‫‪.‬ﺃﻫ‬
‫‪2.‬‬

‫‪.‬‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻬ‬
‫ﻌ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺘﻢﺟ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺘﻲﺳ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫‪:‬‬
‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﻧ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﺒ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﻮﻉﺍ‬
‫‪.‬ﻧ‬‫‪3.‬‬

‫‪.‬‬
‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﻧ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﺒ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻊ‬‫ﻤ‬
‫ﺍﺕﺟ‬
‫ﺀ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﺎﻹﺟ‬
‫ً‬
‫ﻔ‬‫ﻴﻦﻭﺻ‬
‫ﻛ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻤﺸ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺀ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫‪.‬ﻳﺠﺐﺇﻋﻄ‬
‫ﺍﺕ‬‫ﺀ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺮ‬‫‪.‬ﺍﻹﺟ‬
‫‪4.‬‬

‫ﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺗﺼ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻘﻄ‬
‫ﻴﻦﻓﻲﻛﻞﻧ‬
‫ﻛ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻤﺸ‬‫ﻠ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺪ‬
‫ﻘ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻗﺖ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻡﺑ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺰ‬‫ﺘ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍﻻ‬‫ﻤﻞ‬
‫ﺘﻲﺗﺸ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫‪:‬ﻭ‬‫ﺍﻡ‬
‫ﺰ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺔﺍﻻ‬
‫ﻌ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺒ‬
‫‪.‬ﻃ‬‫‪5.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬‫ﺓ‬
‫ﺩ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻤﺤ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻨ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺰ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻷﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻃ‬ ‫ﻤﻦ‬
‫ﺎﻝ ﺿ‬‫ﻻﺼ‬
‫ﺍﺗ‬‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﻬ‬
‫ﺩﺟ‬‫ﺪ‬‫‪،‬ﻭﻋ‬

‫ﺮ‬
‫ﺎﻃ‬‫ﺄﻱﻣﺨ‬
‫ﻴﻦﺑ‬
‫ﻛ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻤﺸ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﻼﻍ‬
‫‪.‬ﻳﺠﺐﺑ‬
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻤ‬
‫ﺘ‬‫ﻤﺤ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺮﺍ‬
‫ﺎﻃ‬‫ﻤﺨ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫‪.‬ﺍ‬
‫‪6.‬‬

‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻭ‬‫ﺪ‬‫‪،‬ﻥﻭﺟ‬
‫ﻴﻦﺇ‬
‫ﻛ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻤﺸ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻴﺠﺐﻭﺻﻒ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺓ‬‫ﺩ‬
‫ﺪ‬‫ﺪﻣﺤ‬
‫ﺋ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻮ‬‫‪.‬ﻓ‬
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻤ‬
‫ﺘ‬‫ﻤﺤ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺪﺍ‬
‫ﺋ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻮ‬
‫ﻔ‬‫ﻟ‬‫‪.‬ﺍ‬
‫‪7.‬‬

‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻊ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻤ‬
‫ﻬﻢﻓﻲﺟ‬
‫ﺘ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻮﺻ‬
‫ﺔﺧﺼ‬
‫ﻳ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬
‫ﻮﻥﻣﻦﺣ‬
‫ﻠ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺘ‬
‫ﻤﺤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻛ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻤﺸ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻛ‬
‫ﺄ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺃﻥﻳ‬
‫‪.‬ﻳﺠﺐ‬
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﻟﺴ‬‫‪.‬ﺍ‬
‫‪8.‬‬
‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﻗ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﻷ‬

‫‪41‬‬
 ‫ﺎﺏ‬
‫ﻧﺴﺤ‬
‫ﺍﻻ‬‫ﺔﻭ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﻮﻋ‬
‫ﻟﻄ‬‫ﺔﺍ‬
‫ﻘ‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻮ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫‪.‬ﺍ‬
‫‪9.‬‬

‫ﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻣ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻠ‬
‫ﻌ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺪﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻳ‬‫ﺰ‬‫ﻤ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺎﻝ‬
‫ﻻﺼ‬‫ﺎﺕﺍﺗ‬
‫ﻣ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻠ‬
‫ﻌ‬‫‪.‬ﻣ‬
‫‪10.‬‬

‫‪42‬‬
 Howt
owr
it
ear
esear
chpaper

Out
li
nes:
Def
ini
ti
onofr
esear
chpaper
:
Step-
by-
stepguideforwri
ti
ngprocess,f
rom under
standi
ngt
he
assi
gnmenttoproofr
eadingthef
inaldraf
t

1.Understandt heassignment
2.Choosear esearchpapertopic
3.Conductpr eli
mi nar
yresearch
4.Developat hesisstatement
5.Createar esearchpaperout l
ine
6.Writeafirstdraftoftheresearchpaper
7.Theseconddr aft
8.Ther evi
sionpr ocess

‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺜ‬‫ﺔﺑﺤ‬
‫ﻗ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺔﻭ‬
‫ﺑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘ‬
‫ﺔﻛ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻔ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻛ‬
:‫ﺔ‬‫ﻳﻀ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻮﻁ‬ ‫ﻟﺨﻄ‬‫ﺍ‬
:‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺜ‬
‫ﺒﺤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻗ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻳﻒ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺗ‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺋ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻬ‬‫ﻨ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺓ‬‫ﺩ‬‫ﻮ‬
‫ﻤﺴ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻴﻖ‬
‫ﻗ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻟﻰﺗ‬
‫ﺔﺇ‬‫ﻤ‬
‫ﻬ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻬﻢ‬
‫ﻣﻦﻓ‬،‫ﺔ‬‫ﺑ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘ‬
‫ﻜ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻤ‬
‫ﻌ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺓ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺓﺑﺨﻄ‬ ‫ﻮ‬‫ﻴﻞﺧﻄ‬ ‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺩ‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻤ‬
‫ﻬ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻬﻢ‬‫ﻓ‬.1
‫ﺒﺤﺚ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻗ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﻮﻉﻭ‬ ‫ﻮﺿ‬ ‫ﺮﻣ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺍﺧ‬ .
2
‫ﻟﻲ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺍﻷ‬‫ﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺀ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﺇﺟ‬.3
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻭﺣ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺍﻷﻃ‬‫ﺎﻥ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺮﺑ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺗﻄ‬.4
‫ﺒﺤﺚ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻗ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺀﻣﺨﻄﻂﻭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻧﺸ‬ ‫ﺇ‬.
5
‫ﺒﺤﺚ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻗ‬‫ﺭ‬
‫ﻮ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻟﻰ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺍﻷ‬‫ﺓ‬‫ﺩ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻤﺴ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺘﺐ‬ ‫ﻛ‬‫ﺍ‬.
6
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺜ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺓ‬‫ﺩ‬‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﻤﺴ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬.
7
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺍﺟ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻠ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﻋ‬.8

Howt
owr
it
ear
esear
chpaper

Def
ini
ti
onofr
esear
chpaper
:

I
tisapieceofacademicwri
ti
ngthatpr
ovidesanalysi
s,
i
nter
pretat
ion,
andargumentbasedonin-
depthindependent
r
esearch.

Step-by
-st
epgui
deforwri
ti
ngprocess,
f r
om under
standi
ngt
he
assignmentt
oproof
readi
ngthefi
naldraft

43
 1.Understandt heassi
gnment
Compl et
ingar esearchpapersuccessfull
ymeansaccompl i
shi
ng
thespecifi
ctaskssetoutf ortheresearch.Befor
estarti
ng,make
surethatthor
oughl yunderst
andingtheassi gnmenttasksheet

2.Choosearesearchpapert
opic
Oncetheresear
cherhaveabroadsubjecttor
esear
ch.ar
ea,
narr
owitdownt ochooseatopict
hatinter
est
ed,meet
sthecri
ter
ia
oftheassi
gnment,andispossi
ble
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﺜ‬‫ﺔﺑﺤ‬‫ﻗ‬
‫ﺭ‬‫ﺔﻭ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺘ‬‫ﺔﻛ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻛ‬

:
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺜ‬
‫ﺒﺤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺔﺍ‬‫ﻗ‬
‫ﺭ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﻳﻒﺍ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻌ‬
‫ﺗ‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻟﺤﺠ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺮﻭ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻔﺴ‬‫ﺘ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻴﻞﻭ‬
‫ﻠ‬‫ﺘﺤ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﻓ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺔﺗ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻳ‬
‫ﺩ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻛ‬
‫ﺍﻷ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﺑ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻜ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺔﻣﻦ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺎﻗﻄ‬
‫ﻬ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺇ‬
.‫ﻤﻖ‬
‫ﻌ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻘﻞﻣ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻠﻰﺑﺤﺚﻣﺴ‬ ‫ﺀﻋ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻨ‬
‫ﺑ‬

‫ﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺔﺇ‬‫ﻤ‬
‫ﻬ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﻬﻢﺍ‬
‫ﻣﻦﻓ‬،
‫ﺔ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺘ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺔﺍ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻠ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻌ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺓ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺓﺑﺨﻄ‬‫ﻮ‬
‫ﻴﻞﺧﻄ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺩ‬
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﺋ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻬ‬‫ﻨ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺓﺍ‬‫ﺩ‬
‫ﻮ‬‫ﻤﺴ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﻴﻖﺍ‬
‫ﻗ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺗ‬

‫ﺔ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻬ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻬﻢﺍ‬‫ﻓ‬
.1.
‫ﻬﻢ‬
‫ﺪﻣﻦﻓ‬
‫ﻛ‬‫ﺄ‬‫ﺗ‬،
‫ﺀ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺒ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺒﻞ‬‫ﻗ‬
.‫ﺒﺤﺚ‬
‫ﻠ‬‫ﺓﻟ‬
‫ﺩ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻤﺤ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻡ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﻤ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺯ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻧﺠ‬
‫ﺎﺡﺇ‬
‫ﻨﺠ‬‫ﺒﺤﺚﺑ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻗ‬‫ﺭ‬
‫ﺎﻝﻭ‬‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻛ‬
‫ﻨﻲﺇ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻳ‬
ً
‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻣ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﻴﻦﺗ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻌ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﺔﻣ‬‫ﻗ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﻭ‬

‫ﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺔﺍ‬‫ﻗ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﻮﻉﻭ‬‫ﻮﺿ‬ ‫ﺮﻣ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺍﺧ‬2.
‫ﺘﻢ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﻮﻉﻣ‬ ‫ﻮﺿ‬‫ﺭﻣ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻪﻻﺧ‬ ‫ﻘ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺘﻀ‬‫ﻗﻢﺑ‬، ‫ﻊ‬
‫ﺍﺳ‬ ‫ﻮﻉﻭ‬‫ﻮﺿ‬‫ﺎﻝﻣ‬‫ﺎﺣﺚﻣﺠ‬ ‫ﺒ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺪﻯ‬ ‫ﻟ‬‫ﻮﻥ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﺃﻥﻳ‬‫ﺩ‬
‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻤﺠ‬‫ﺑ‬
.‫ﻓ‬
‫ﻪ‬‫ﺒﺤﺚﻴ‬ ‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻤ‬‫ﻳ‬
‫ﻭ‬، ‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻬ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻌ‬‫ﺒﻲﻣ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﻭ‬،
3.Conductpr eli
mi naryresearch
I
nt hisstage,
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ndithelpfult
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researchquestionst ohelpguidingtheresearch.

4.Developat hesi
sstatement
Thethesisstatementshoul
dbeconci
se,cont
enti
ous,and
coher
ent .Thatmeansitshoul
dbr
ief
lysummarizetheargumenti
n
asentenceort wo.

5.Cr eat
ear esear
chpaperoutl
ine
Ar esearchpaperoutl
inei
sessent
ial
l
yalistoft
hekeyt
opi
cs,
argument sandevidencewant
edtoincl
ude

6.Wri
teafir
stdraftoftheresear
chpaper
Afi
rstdr
afti
saroughsket chofthef
uturepi
eceofwrit
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Someti
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naloneduetoitbei
ng

44
‫‪r‬‬‫‪at‬‬‫‪hersat‬‬‫‪i‬‬
‫‪sf‬‬‫‪act‬‬‫‪or‬‬
‫‪y‬‬‫‪,‬‬‫‪buti‬‬‫‪nmostcases,‬‬ ‫‪i‬‬
‫‪tr‬‬‫‪equi‬‬
‫‪r‬‬‫‪esf‬‬‫‪ur‬‬
‫‪t‬‬‫‪herwor‬‬‫‪k.A‬‬
‫‪f‬‬‫‪i‬‬
‫‪r‬‬‫‪stdr‬‬‫‪af‬‬‫‪ti‬‬‫‪sawayt‬‬ ‫‪oel‬‬‫‪abor‬‬‫‪at‬‬‫‪eont‬‬‫‪hemai‬‬ ‫‪npoi‬‬‫‪nt‬‬
‫‪soft‬‬‫‪heessay‬‬
‫‪st‬‬‫‪at‬‬‫‪edi‬‬‫‪nt‬‬‫‪heout‬‬ ‫‪l‬‬
‫‪i‬‬
‫‪ne,‬‬‫‪gi‬‬‫‪v‬‬‫‪i‬‬
‫‪ngt‬‬ ‫‪hem asampl‬‬‫‪ef‬‬‫‪or‬‬‫‪m.I‬‬‫‪tmayseem‬‬
‫‪par‬‬‫‪adox‬‬ ‫‪i‬‬
‫‪cal‬‬‫‪,‬‬
‫‪butwhi‬‬ ‫‪l‬‬
‫‪ebei‬‬‫‪ngoneoft‬‬ ‫‪hemosti‬‬ ‫‪mpor‬‬‫‪t‬‬
‫‪antst‬‬
‫‪agesof‬‬
‫‪t‬‬‫‪hewr‬‬ ‫‪i‬‬
‫‪t‬‬‫‪i‬‬
‫‪ngpr‬‬ ‫‪ocess,‬‬‫‪mostf‬‬‫‪i‬‬
‫‪r‬‬ ‫‪stdr‬‬
‫‪af‬‬‫‪t‬‬
‫‘‪sdon‬‬‫‪tr‬‬‫‪equi‬‬‫‪r‬‬
‫‪eat‬‬‫‪r‬‬‫‪emendous‬‬
‫‪at‬‬‫‪t‬‬‫‪ent‬‬‫‪i‬‬
‫‪ont‬‬‫‪odet‬‬ ‫‪ai‬‬
‫‪l‬‬‫‪.‬‬

‫‪7.Theseconddr‬‬‫‪af‬‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫‪Checkhowt‬‬‫‪hev‬‬‫‪i‬‬‫‪si‬‬
‫‪onoft‬‬‫‪hepaperl‬‬
‫‪i‬‬
‫‪nesupwi‬‬ ‫‪t‬‬‫‪ht‬‬
‫‪hef‬‬‫‪i‬‬‫‪r‬‬
‫‪stdr‬‬
‫‪af‬‬‫‪tand,‬‬
‫‪mor‬‬‫‪ei‬‬‫‪mpor‬‬‫‪t‬‬
‫‪ant‬‬‫‪l‬‬
‫‪y‬‬‫‪,‬‬‫‪t‬‬
‫‪hatt‬‬
‫‪hepaperst‬‬‫‪i‬‬
‫‪l‬‬‫‪l‬‬‫‪answer‬‬
‫‪st‬‬‫‪heassi‬‬
‫‪gnment‬‬‫‪.‬‬

‫‪8.Ther‬‬ ‫‪ev‬‬‫‪i‬‬
‫‪si‬‬‫‪onpr‬‬ ‫‪ocess‬‬
‫‪Thegoal‬‬ ‫‪dur‬‬‫‪i‬‬‫‪ngt‬‬‫‪her‬‬‫‪ev‬‬‫‪i‬‬
‫‪si‬‬‫‪onandpr‬‬‫‪oof‬‬‫‪r‬‬
‫‪eadi‬‬‫‪ngpr‬‬‫‪ocessi‬‬‫‪st‬‬‫‪oensur‬‬‫‪e‬‬
‫‪t‬‬‫‪hathav‬‬‫‪ecompl‬‬ ‫‪et‬‬‫‪edal‬‬‫‪l‬‬‫‪t‬‬
‫‪henecessar‬‬‫‪yt‬‬‫‪asksandt‬‬‫‪hatt‬‬‫‪hepaperi‬‬‫‪s‬‬
‫‪aswel‬‬ ‫‪l‬‬
‫‪-‬‬‫‪ar‬‬
‫‪t‬‬‫‪i‬‬
‫‪cul‬‬ ‫‪at‬‬
‫‪edaspossi‬‬‫‪bl‬‬‫‪e.‬‬

‫ﻟﻲ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺒﺤﺚﺍﻷ‬ ‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺀﺍ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫‪.‬ﺇﺟ‬
‫‪3.‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺜ‬‫ﺒﺤ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺌ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺳ‬
‫ﻌﺾ‬‫ﺔﺑ‬
‫ﺎﻏ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﺪﺻ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻔ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻪﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻧ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﺎﺣﺚ‬
‫ﺒ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺪﻳﺠ‬‫‪،‬ﻗ‬ ‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻠ‬‫ﺮﺣ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻩ‬‫ﺬ‬‫ﻓﻲﻫ‬
‫‪.‬‬‫ﺒﺤﺚ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻴ‬‫ﻮﺟ‬‫ﺓﻓﻲﺗ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺎﻋ‬
‫ﻤﺴ‬‫ﻠ‬
‫ﻟ‬

‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺣ‬ ‫ﺮ‬
‫ﺎﻥﺍﻷﻃ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﺮﺑ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﻮ‬‫‪.‬ﺗﻄ‬
‫‪4.‬‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻪﻳﺠﺐ‬
‫ﻧ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻌ‬‫ﺍﻳ‬
‫ﺬ‬‫‪.‬ﻫ‬
‫ً‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻜ‬
‫ﺎﺳ‬‫ﻤ‬
‫ﺘ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺪﻝﻭ‬
‫ﻠﺠ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ً‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﺜ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺍﻭ‬
‫ً‬‫ﺰ‬
‫ﻮﺟ‬‫ﺔﻣ‬‫ﻭﺣ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺍﻷﻃ‬‫ﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﻮﻥﺑ‬‫ﻜ‬
‫ﺃﻥﻳ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫ﻴﻦ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻠ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﻭﺟ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻠ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺯﻓﻲﺟ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻳﺠ‬‫ﺈ‬
‫ﺔﺑ‬‫ﻟﺤﺠ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻠﺨ ﺺ‬‫ﻳ‬

‫ﺒﺤﺚ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺔﺍ‬
‫ﻗ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺀﻣﺨﻄﻂﻭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻧﺸ‬‫‪.‬ﺇ‬
‫‪5.‬‬
‫ﻷﺔ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍﺩ‬
‫ﻟﺤﺠﺞﻭ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺔﻭ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻴﺴ‬‫ﺋ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻋ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻮﺿ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺔﺑ‬‫ﻤ‬
‫ﺋ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺎﺱﻗ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺳ‬
‫ﻮﻓﻲ‬‫ﺔﻫ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺜ‬
‫ﺒﺤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻗ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﻮ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺨﻄﻂ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻬ‬
‫ﻨ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻤ‬
‫ﺪﺗﻀ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺘﻲﺗ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬

‫ﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺔﺍ‬‫ﻗ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﻟﻰ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺓﺍﻷ‬‫ﺩ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻤﺴ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺘﺐﺍ‬‫ﻛ‬‫‪.‬ﺍ‬
‫‪6.‬‬
‫ﺪ‬
‫‪،‬ﻗ‬ ‫ﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺍﻷﺣ‬‫ﻌﺾ‬ ‫‪.‬ﻓﻲﺑ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻠ‬
‫ﺒ‬‫ﻘ‬
‫ﺘ‬‫ﻤﺴ‬ ‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﺑ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻜ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻘﻄ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺒﻲ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﻘ‬‫ﻟﻰﻫﻲﺭﺳﻢﺗ‬ ‫ﻭ‬‫ﺍﻷ‬‫ﺓ‬
‫ﺩ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻤﺴ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫‪،‬‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺪﻣ‬‫ﻟﻰﺣ‬ ‫ﺔﺇ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﺮﺿ‬ ‫ﺎﻣ‬‫ﻬ‬
‫ﻧ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ً‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﺔﻧﻈ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺋ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻬ‬‫ﻨ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺓ‬‫ﺩ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻤﺴ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻟﻰﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻭ‬‫ﺍﻷ‬‫ﺓ‬‫ﺩ‬
‫ﻮ‬‫ﻤﺴ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺒﺢ‬‫ﺗﺼ‬
‫ﻊ‬
‫ﻮﺳ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻠ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻳ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﻟﻰﻫﻲﻃ‬ ‫ﻭ‬‫ﺍﻷ‬‫ﺓ‬‫ﺩ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻤﺴ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻤﻞ‪.‬‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺍﻣﻦ‬‫ً‬
‫ﺪ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺰ‬‫ﻠﺐﻣ‬‫ﺘﻄ‬‫ﺎﻻﺕﺗ‬‫ﻟﺤ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻌﻈﻢ‬‫ﺎﻓﻲﻣ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﻨ‬
‫ﻜ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻭ‬
‫ً‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﺫﺟ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻤ‬
‫ﺎﻧ‬‫ً‬
‫ﺫﺟ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻬﻢﻧ‬‫ﻨﺤ‬‫ﻣ‬‫‪،‬ﻭ‬‫ﻤﺨﻄﻂ‬ ‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺓﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺭ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻛ‬‫ﺬ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺎﻝ‬‫ﻘ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﻴﺴ‬‫ﺋ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺎﻁ‬
‫ﻘ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻌﻈﻢ‬‫ﻤ‬‫‪،‬ﻓ‬‫ﺔ‬
‫ﺑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘ‬
‫ﻜ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺍﺣﻞﻋ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺎﻣ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﻤ‬
‫ﺃﻫ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺃﺣ‬‫ﻪ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻊﻛ‬‫ﻜﻦﻣ‬ ‫ﻟ‬‫‪،‬‬‫ً‬
‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻗﻀ‬ ‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻨ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻷﺮﻣ‬
‫ﺍﻣ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺒ‬
‫‪.‬ﺪﻳ‬
‫ﻗ‬
‫‪.‬‬‫ﻴﻞ‬‫ﺎﺻ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﺘ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺋﻼﺑ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺎﻫ‬‫ً‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺍﻫ‬‫ﻠﺐ‬‫ﺘﻄ‬‫ﻟﻰﻻﺗ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺍﻷ‬‫ﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺩ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻤﺴ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬

‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻧ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺜ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺓﺍ‬‫ﺩ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻤﺴ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫‪.7.‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻗ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﻮ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫‪،‬ﻥ‬
‫ﻟﻚﺃ‬
‫ﻷﻢﻣﻦﺫ‬
‫ﺍﻫ‬
‫‪،‬ﻭ‬‫ﻟﻰ‬
‫ﻭ‬‫ﺍﻷ‬
‫ﺓ‬‫ﺩ‬‫ﻮ‬
‫ﻤﺴ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻊ‬‫ﺔﻣ‬
‫ﻗ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﻮ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻳ‬‫ﺅ‬‫ﺓﺭ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺫ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺔﻣﺤ‬ ‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻔ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻘﻖﻣﻦﻛ‬‫ﺗﺤ‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻬ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻠﻰ‬‫ﻴﺐﻋ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺗﺠ‬
‫ﻻﺰ‬
‫ﺗ‬

‫ﺔ‬‫ﻌ‬
‫ﺍﺟ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺔﺍ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻠ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫‪.‬ﻋ‬‫‪8.‬‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺔﻭ‬‫ﻳ‬
‫ﺭ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﻟﻀ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻡ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻬ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻊ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﺎﻝﺟ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﻛ‬‫ﺪﻣﻦﺇ‬
‫ﻛ‬‫ﺄ‬‫ﺘ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻮ‬
‫ﻴﻖﻫ‬
‫ﻗ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺔﻭ‬ ‫ﻌ‬
‫ﺍﺟ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻤ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻠ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺀﻋ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻨ‬
‫ﺛ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﺪﻑ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫‪.‬‬‫ﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻜ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺍﻹ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻗ‬‫ً‬
‫ﺪ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺔﺟ‬ ‫ّ‬
‫ﻠ‬
‫ﻔﺼ‬‫ﺔﻣ‬ ‫ﻗ‬
‫ﺭ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬

‫‪45‬‬
46
 Commonmi
stakesi
nwr
it
ingasci
ent
if
icpaper

Outl i
nes:
Themostcommonmi st
akesaccor
dingtothest
ruct
ureof
scientif
icresear
chpaper:
Introduction
Mat er
ialandmethods
Resul ts
Di scussi
on
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻤ‬
‫ﻠ‬‫ﺔﻋ‬‫ﻗ‬‫ﺭ‬
‫ﺔﻭ‬‫ﺑ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺔﻓﻲﻛ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺋ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻟﺸ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺀ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺧﻄ‬

:
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺭﺟ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻟﺨ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻮﻁ‬‫ﻟﺨﻄ‬‫ﺍ‬
:
‫ﻤﻲ‬‫ﻠ‬
‫ﻌ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺒﺤﺚ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻗ‬‫ﺭ‬
‫ﻜﻞﻭ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺎﺑﺤﺴﺐﻫ‬
ً
‫ﻮﻋ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺀﺷ‬ ‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺧﻄ‬ ‫ﺮ‬
‫ﺜ‬‫ﻛ‬‫ﺃ‬
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺪ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﺍﻷﺳ‬‫ﺩﻭ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻮ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺋﺞ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻨ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻗﺸ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻨ‬
‫ﻣ‬

Commonmi
stakesi
nwr
it
ingasci
ent
if
icpaper

Wri
ti
ngasci
enti
fi
cmanuscr
iptt
akesalotofpr
acti
ce,andof
tenwe
t
endtomakethesamemist
akesoverandoveragai
n.

Themostcommonmistakesaccor
dingt
othest
ruct
ureof
sci
ent
if
icr
esear
chpaper:

I
ntr
oduct
ion

1.Themostcommonmi
stakei
stowr
it
eat
ool
ongI
ntr
oduct
ion.
2.Thesecondmostcommoner
rori
slackofcoher
ence.
3.Thenumberofr
efer
encesshoul
dbel
i
mit
edt
owhati
sact
ual
l
y
necessar
y.

Gui
del
ines

47
1.Beconci
se:
noonewant
stor
eadexcessi
vel
ylongst
udi
es.
2.Asarul
e,t
heInt
roduct
ionshoul
dnotbel
ongert
han10%oft
he
tot
all
engt
hofthemanuscri
pt.
3.Payspeci
alat
tent
iont
otextcoher
enceandcohesi
on.

4.Donotpr
esentlongrevi
ewsoftheli
terat
ure;
uset
hel
i
ter
atur
eto
sett
hecont
extfortheprobl
em understudy
.
5.Av
oidsent
encesi
nwhi
cht
heaut
hor
sofar
ti
clesar
ethesubj
ect
.

‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻠ‬
‫ﺔﻋ‬‫ﻗ‬
‫ﺭ‬‫ﺔﻭ‬
‫ﺑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘ‬
‫ﺔﻓﻲﻛ‬
‫ﻌ‬‫ﺋ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻟﺸ‬‫ﺀﺍ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﺍﻷﺧﻄ‬

‫ﺍﻷ‬
‫ﻔﺲ‬‫ﺎﺏﻧ‬
‫ﻜ‬‫ﺗ‬
‫ﺭ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻟﻰ‬
‫ﻴﻞﺇ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﺎﻧ‬
‫ﺎﻣ‬
ً‫ﺒ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻏ‬،‫ﺔ‬‫ﺭﺳ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻤ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺮﻣﻦ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺜ‬
‫ﻜ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺔﻋ‬
‫ﻮﻃ‬ ‫ﺔﻣﺨﻄ‬ ‫ﺑ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘ‬
‫ﻠﺐﻛ‬‫ﺘﻄ‬‫ﺗ‬
.
ً
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﺗ‬
‫ﺍﻭ‬ً
‫ﺭ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﺀﻣ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺧﻄ‬
:
‫ﻤﻲ‬‫ﻠ‬
‫ﻌ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺒﺤﺚﺍ‬ ‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺔﺍ‬‫ﻗ‬‫ﺭ‬
‫ﻜﻞﻭ‬ ‫ﻴ‬‫ﺎﺣﺴﺐﻫ‬ ‫ﻮﻋ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺀﺷ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺮﺍﻷﺧﻄ‬
‫ﺜ‬‫ﻛ‬‫ﺃ‬

‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻣ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻘ‬
‫ﻣ‬

.‫ﺟ‬
ً
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺔﺪ‬ ‫ﻠ‬‫ﻳ‬
‫ﻮ‬‫ﺔﻃ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﻘ‬
‫ﺔﻣ‬‫ﺑ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻮﻛ‬‫ﺎﻫ‬
ً‫ﻮﻋ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﺮﺷ‬‫ﺜ‬
‫ﻛ‬‫ﺍﻷ‬‫ﺄ‬‫ﻟﺨﻄ‬
‫ﺍ‬.
1.
.
‫ﺎﺳﻚ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺭﺇ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻘ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﻫﺍﻻ‬
‫ﺎﻮ‬
ً‫ﻮﻋ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺮﺷ‬‫ﺜ‬‫ﻛ‬
‫ﺍﻷ‬‫ﻧﻲ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﺜ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺄ‬
‫ﻟﺨﻄ‬‫ﺍ‬.
2.
.
‫ﻌﻞ‬‫ﻔ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺭﻱﺑ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻮﺿ‬‫ﺎﻫ‬‫ﻠﻰﻣ‬‫ﻊﻋ‬‫ﺍﺟ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻤ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺩ‬
‫ﺪ‬‫ﺮﻋ‬‫ﺘﺼ‬‫ﻘ‬
‫ﺃﻥﻳ‬‫ﻳﺠﺐ‬.3.

‫ﺔ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺩ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﺭﺷ‬‫ﺪﺍﻻ‬‫ﺍﻋ‬‫ﻮ‬
‫ﻘ‬ ‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬
.‫ﺟ‬
ً
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺔﺪ‬ ‫ﻠ‬‫ﻳ‬
‫ﻮ‬‫ﺎﺕﻃ‬ ‫ﺍﺳ‬‫ﺭ‬
‫ﺓﺩ‬‫ﺀ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﺪﻗ‬ ‫ﻳ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﺪﻳ‬‫ﺃﺣ‬
‫ﻻ‬: ً
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺰ‬‫ﻮﺟ‬‫ﻛﻦﻣ‬. 1.
.
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻮﻃ‬‫ﻤﺨﻄ‬‫ﻠ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﻟﻲ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻹﻤ‬
‫ﺍﺟ‬‫ﻮﻝ‬
‫ﻟﻄ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬٪10‫ﺔﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻣ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻤ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻳ‬
‫ﺰ‬‫ﺃﻻﺗ‬‫ﻳﺠﺐ‬،‫ﺔ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺓﻋ‬ ‫ﺪ‬
‫ﺎﻋ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻛ‬.2.
.
‫ﻪ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﺎﺳ‬‫ﻤ‬
‫ﺗ‬‫ﻨ ﺺﻭ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺎﺳﻚ‬ ‫ﻤ‬
‫ﺘ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺎﺹ‬‫ﻡﺧ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺘ‬
‫ﺍﻫ‬‫ﺀ‬‫ﺇﻼ‬‫ﻳ‬.3.
‫ﺪ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺔﻗ‬‫ﻠ‬
‫ﻜ‬‫ﻤﺸ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺎﻕ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﻴﻦﺳ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻌ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﺑ‬‫ﺩ‬‫ﺍﻷ‬‫ﻡ‬‫ﺪ‬
‫ﺘﺨ‬ ‫ﺍﺳ‬‫ﺩ؛‬
‫ﻟﻸ ﺏ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻳ‬
‫ﻮ‬‫ﺎﺕﻃ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺍﺟ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﻡﻣ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﻘ‬
‫ﻻﺗ‬. 4.
.‫ﺔ‬‫ﺍﺳ‬‫ﺭ‬
‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬
.
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﻮﻋ‬
‫ﻮﺿ‬ ‫ﺎﻻﺕﻣ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺆ‬‫ﻮﻥﻣ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﺘﻲﻳ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻤﻞ‬‫ﻟﺠ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻨﺐ‬ ‫ﺗﺠ‬.5.

Mat
eri
alandmet
hods

1.Al ackofappr ovalbyaninsti

tuti
onalrev
iewboar d
2.Allthemat eri
alandmet hodssect i
onwritt
enindi f
fer
entt enses
3.Incompl et
edat aarealsofrequent.
4.Aut horsoft
ensubmi tincompl et
edescri
ptionsoftheirstudies
5.Somet i
mesmat er
ial
saredescr i
bedinawayt hatmakest he
manuscr i
ptr
eadasanadv ert
isement .
6.Ver ycommoner rori
snottoi ncl
udeadet ail
eddescri
pt i
onof
stati
sticalmethods

Gui
del
ines

48
‫‪1.Wr‬‬ ‫‪i‬‬‫‪t‬‬‫‪eal‬‬‫‪l‬‬‫‪t‬‬‫‪hesect‬‬‫‪i‬‬‫‪oni‬‬‫‪nt‬‬ ‫‪hepastt‬‬ ‫‪ense.‬‬
‫‪2.Nev‬‬ ‫‪erf‬‬‫‪or‬‬‫‪gett‬‬‫‪oi‬‬‫‪ncl‬‬‫‪udeI‬‬‫‪RBappr‬‬ ‫‪ov‬‬ ‫‪al‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫‪3.Descr‬‬ ‫‪i‬‬
‫‪beal‬‬ ‫‪l‬‬‫‪met‬‬‫‪hodst‬‬ ‫‪hor‬‬‫‪oughl‬‬‫‪y‬‬‫‪.‬‬
‫‪4.I‬‬‫‪ncl‬‬‫‪udeal‬‬ ‫‪l‬‬ ‫‪t‬‬
‫‪hemat‬‬ ‫‪er‬‬‫‪i‬‬
‫‪al‬‬‫‪sused,‬‬ ‫‪aswel‬‬ ‫‪l‬‬‫‪asi‬‬
‫‪nf‬‬‫‪or‬‬‫‪mat‬‬‫‪i‬‬
‫‪onaboutt‬‬‫‪hei‬‬
‫‪r‬‬
‫‪manuf‬‬ ‫‪act‬‬‫‪ur‬‬‫‪er‬‬‫‪s.‬‬
‫‪5.Whenconduct‬‬ ‫‪i‬‬‫‪ngt‬‬‫‪hest‬‬ ‫‪at‬‬‫‪i‬‬‫‪st‬‬
‫‪i‬‬‫‪cal‬‬‫‪anal‬‬
‫‪y‬‬‫‪si‬‬‫‪sofy‬‬‫‪ourst‬‬
‫‪udydat‬‬‫‪a,‬‬
‫‪ask‬‬
‫‪t‬‬‫‪hest‬‬ ‫‪at‬‬‫‪i‬‬‫‪st‬‬
‫‪i‬‬‫‪ci‬‬‫‪ant‬‬‫‪odescr‬‬ ‫‪i‬‬
‫‪beal‬‬ ‫‪l‬‬‫‪met‬‬‫‪hodsast‬‬ ‫‪heyshoul‬‬
‫‪dbe‬‬
‫‪publ‬‬‫‪i‬‬‫‪shed.Donotf‬‬ ‫‪ai‬‬‫‪l‬‬‫‪t‬‬‫‪oi‬‬‫‪ncl‬‬‫‪udeadet‬‬ ‫‪ai‬‬‫‪l‬‬
‫‪eddescr‬‬‫‪i‬‬
‫‪pt‬‬‫‪i‬‬
‫‪onoft‬‬‫‪hose‬‬
‫‪met‬‬ ‫‪hodsi‬‬ ‫‪ny‬‬ ‫‪ourmanuscr‬‬ ‫‪i‬‬
‫‪pt‬‬‫‪.‬‬

‫ﺮﻕ‬
‫ﻟﻄ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺩﻭ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻮ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬

‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﺆﺳﺴ‬ ‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺍﺟ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻠﺲ‬‫ﺔﻣﺠ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻮ‬
‫ﻡﻣ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫‪.‬ﻋ‬
‫‪1.‬‬
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺘ‬
‫ﺔﻣﺨ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺯ‬‫ﺄ‬
‫ﻮﺏﺑ‬ ‫ﺘ‬
‫ﻜ‬‫ﻴﺐﻣ‬ ‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﺍﻷﺳ‬‫ﺩﻭ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻮ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫‪.‬ﻛﻞﻗﺴﻢ‬‫‪2.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬‫ً‬
‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻳﻀ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﺓ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﻜ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺔﻣ‬ ‫ﻠ‬
‫ﻣ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻜ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺎﺕﻏ‬ ‫ﻧ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﺒ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫‪.‬‬
‫‪3.‬‬
‫ﻬﻢ‬‫ﺗ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﺍﺳ‬‫ﺭ‬
‫ﺪ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻠ‬
‫ﻣ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺮﻛ‬ ‫ﻴ‬
‫ﺎﻏ‬‫ً‬
‫ﻓ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﺻ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﻮﻥ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺆ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻡ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﺎﻳ‬
‫ﺎﻣ‬‫ً‬
‫ﺒ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫‪.‬ﻏ‬
‫‪4.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬‫ﺈﻋﻼﻥ‬
‫ﺓﻛ‬‫ﺀ‬‫ﻭ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﺔﻣ‬‫ﻮﻃ‬‫ﻤﺨﻄ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻌﻞ‬‫ﺔﺗﺠ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻳ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﺎﺑﻄ‬‫ً‬
‫ﻧ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺃﺣ‬‫ﺩ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻮ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻮﺻﻒ‬ ‫‪.‬ﺗ‬
‫‪5.‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺋ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺣﺼ‬‫ﺮﻕ‬‫ﻠﻄ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﻠﻲ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻔﺼ‬‫ﻴﻦﻭﺻﻒﺗ‬ ‫ﻤ‬‫ﻡﺗﻀ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻮﻋ‬ ‫ﺍﻫ‬
‫ً‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻊﺟ‬‫ﺋ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻟﺸ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺄ‬
‫ﻟﺨﻄ‬‫ﺍ‬‫‪.‬‬
‫‪6.‬‬

‫‪:‬‬
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺩ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﺭﺷ‬
‫ﺪﺍﻻ‬
‫ﺍﻋ‬‫ﻮ‬
‫ﻘ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬

‫‪.‬‬
‫ﺎﺿﻲ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫ﺘﺐﻛﻞﻗﺴﻢﻓﻲﺯ‬ ‫ﻛ‬‫ﺍ‬‫‪.‬‬
‫‪1.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫ﻴﻦ‬‫ﺌ‬
‫ﺍﻼﺟ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺓﻭ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﻬﺠ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻠﺲ‬‫ﺔﻣﺠ‬ ‫ﻘ‬
‫ﻓ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻴﻦﻣ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺍﺗﻀ‬‫ً‬
‫ﺪ‬‫ﺑ‬
‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻨﺲ‬‫‪.‬ﻻﺗ‬‫‪2.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻗ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺮﻕﺑ‬‫ﻟﻄ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻊ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫‪.‬ﻭﺻﻒﺟ‬ ‫‪3.‬‬
‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﻛ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﻟﺸ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻮﻝ‬‫ﺎﺕﺣ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻮ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻟﻰﻣ‬
‫ﺔﺇ‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺎﻹﺿ‬
‫‪،‬ﺑ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺪ‬‫ﺘﺨ‬‫ﻤﺴ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺩ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻊ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻴﻦﺟ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺘﻀ‬‫‪.‬ﻗﻢﺑ‬‫‪4.‬‬
‫ﻟ‪.‬‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﺔﻬ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻨ‬
‫ﻤﺼ‬ ‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺃﻥﻳﺼﻒ‬ ‫ﺋﻲ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺎﻝﺇﺣﺼ‬‫ﻨ‬
‫ﻠﺐﻣ‬‫ﺍﻃ‬‫‪،‬‬‫ﺘﻚ‬‫ﺍﺳ‬
‫ﺭ‬‫ﺎﺕﺩ‬
‫ﻧ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺒ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺋﻲ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺣﺼ‬ ‫ﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻠ‬
‫ﺘﺤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺀ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﺪﺇﺟ‬ ‫ﻨ‬
‫‪.‬ﻋ‬‫‪5.‬‬
‫ﻴﺐ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﺍﻷﺳ‬‫ﻠﻚ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﻠﻲ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻔﺼ‬‫ﻴﻦﻭﺻﻒﺗ‬ ‫ﻤ‬
‫ﻔﺸﻞﻓﻲﺗﻀ‬‫‪.‬ﻻﺗ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺮﻫ‬‫ﻐﻲﻧﺸ‬ ‫ﺒ‬
‫ﻨ‬‫ﺎﻳ‬‫ﻤ‬
‫ﻴﺐﻛ‬ ‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﺍﻷﺳ‬‫ﻊ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻤ‬
‫ﺟ‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫ﺘﻚ‬‫ﻮﻃ‬ ‫ﻓﻲﻣﺨﻄ‬

‫‪Resul‬‬
‫‪t‬‬‫‪s‬‬

‫‪1.TheResul‬‬
‫‪t‬‬‫‪ssect‬‬
‫‪i‬‬‫‪oni‬‬
‫‪sof‬‬
‫‪t‬‬‫‪eni‬‬
‫‪nadequat‬‬
‫‪el‬‬‫‪yshor‬‬
‫‪t‬‬‫‪.‬‬
‫‪2.Anot‬‬‫‪herdi‬‬‫‪f‬‬
‫‪f‬‬‫‪i‬‬
‫‪cul‬‬‫‪t‬‬‫‪yi‬‬
‫‪nbei‬‬‫‪ngaccept‬‬
‫‪edf‬‬
‫‪orpubl‬‬
‫‪i‬‬
‫‪cat‬‬
‫‪i‬‬‫‪oni‬‬
‫‪st‬‬‫‪hepoor‬‬
‫‪qual‬‬
‫‪i‬‬‫‪t‬‬
‫‪yofi‬‬ ‫‪l‬‬
‫‪l‬‬
‫‪ust‬‬‫‪r‬‬‫‪at‬‬
‫‪i‬‬‫‪onsi‬‬‫‪ngener‬‬
‫‪al‬‬‫‪.‬‬
‫‪3.I‬‬
‫‪nappr‬‬
‫‪opr‬‬
‫‪i‬‬‫‪at‬‬
‫‪eusi‬‬
‫‪ngoft‬‬
‫‪abl‬‬
‫‪esorf‬‬
‫‪i‬‬‫‪gur‬‬
‫‪es.‬‬

‫‪49‬‬
Gui
del
ines

1.Donotbet
ooconci
se.
2.Avoidbeingverbose.Brief
lyr
epor
tmosti
mpor
tantf
indi
ngsand
thenrefert
ablesandgr aphs.
3.Av
oidbarandl
i
negr
aphs.
4.I
ncl
udepr
ofessi
onal
qual
i
tyi
l
lust
rat
ions.

Di
scussi
on

Themostcommoner rori
nthissecti
oni stowr i
teitasal i
terat
ure
revi
ew.TheDi scussi
onsectionshoul
dnotbear evi
ewoft he
l
iter
ature;itshouldcompareandcont rastfi
ndingswi t
ht hose
repor
tedbyot heraut
horsandexplaintheirdif
ferencesand
simil
ari
ties.
Anotherf r
equentshortcomingisfai
li
ngt oincl
udeapr esentati
on
ofthestudyl i
mi t
ati
ons.Fi
nally
,anypubl i
shedstudyhast odeal
withall
t heresultspr
esentedintheDiscussionsect i
on.

Gui
del
ines

1.Donotmakear evi
ewoft
helit
erat
ure:usethel
it
erat
uret
o
comparey
ourresult
swit
hthoseofotherstudi
es.
2.Makecl
earwhatt
hest
udyl
i
mit
ati
onsar
e.
3.Al
lresul
tsr
epor
tedshoul
dbef
ull
ydi
scussedi
nthemanuscr
ipt
.

‫ﺋﺞ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘ‬
‫ﻧ‬

ٍ. ‫ﺎﻑ‬‫ﺮﻛ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻜﻞﻏ‬‫ﺍﺑﺸ‬
ً
‫ﺮ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﺋﺞﻗﺼ‬ ‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺘ‬‫ﻨ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻮﻥﻗﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﻜ‬
‫ﺎﻳ‬‫ﺎﻣ‬
ً‫ﺒ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻏ‬.1.
‫ﻜﻞ‬
‫ﺔﺑﺸ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﻴﺤ‬
‫ﻮﺿ‬‫ﺘ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻡ‬
‫ﻮ‬‫ﺮﺳ‬
‫ﻠ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺔ‬
‫ﺌ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺩ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺓ‬
‫ﺩ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻟﺠ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺮﻭﻫﻲ‬‫ﻨﺸ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺒ‬‫ﺮﻯﻓﻲﻗ‬‫ﺃﺧ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﻮ‬
‫ﻌ‬‫ﺎﻙ ﺻ‬
‫ﻨ‬‫ﻫ‬.2.
.‫ﻋ‬
‫ﻡ‬‫ﺎ‬
.‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻜﻝ‬‫ﺃﺍﻷﺷ‬
‫ﻭﻝﻭ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺪ‬‫ﻠﺠ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺎﺳﺐ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻡﻏ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺘﺨ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳ‬ .
3.

‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻳ‬‫ﺩ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺭﺷ‬‫ﺪﺍﻻ‬
‫ﺍﻋ‬‫ﻮ‬
‫ﻘ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬

.‫ﺟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺍﺪ‬‫ﺰ‬
‫ﻮﺟ‬‫ﻜﻦﻣ‬‫ﻻﺗ‬.
1.
‫ﻡ‬
‫ﻮ‬‫ﺮﺳ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻭﻝﻭ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻟﺠ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻊ‬‫ﺍﺟ‬
‫ﺋﺞﺛﻢﺭ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘ‬
‫ﻨ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺃﻫﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻋﻦ‬
ً
‫ﺰ‬‫ﻮﺟ‬
‫ﺍﻣ‬ً
‫ﺮ‬‫ﻳ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻡﺗ‬
‫ﺪ‬‫ﻗ‬.‫ﺎﺏ‬
‫ﻬ‬‫ﺍﻹﺳ‬
‫ﻨﺐ‬‫ﺗﺠ‬.
2.

50
 ‫‪.‬‬
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻧ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﺒ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫‪.‬‬‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﻟﺨﻄ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺔﻭ‬ ‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻳﻄ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﻟﺸ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻧ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺒ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻡ‬
‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﺮﺳ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻨﺐ‬‫‪.‬ﺗﺠ‬
‫‪3.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻨ‬
‫ﻬ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺓ‬‫ﺩ‬
‫ﻮ‬‫ﻟﺠ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﻴﺤ‬‫ﻮﺿ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻡ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺮﺳ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻴﻦ‬‫ﻤ‬
‫‪.‬ﺗﻀ‬‫‪4.‬‬

‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻗﺸ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻨ‬‫ﻣ‬

‫ﻮﻥﻗﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﻜ‬‫ﺃﻥﻳ‬‫ﻐﻲ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻨ‬
‫ﺔ‪.‬ﻻﻳ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺩ‬
‫ﺃ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺍﺟ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻪﻛ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺑ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘ‬
‫ﻮﻛ‬‫ﻘﺴﻢﻫ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺬ‬‫ﺎﻓﻲﻫ‬‫ً‬‫ﻮﻋ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﺮﺷ‬ ‫ﺜ‬‫ﻛ‬‫ﺍﻷ‬‫ﺄ‬‫ﻟﺨﻄ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻎ‬
‫ﻠ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺃ‬
‫ﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻠﻚ‬‫ﻊﺗ‬
‫ﺎﻣ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﻗﻀ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻨ‬
‫ﺗ‬‫ﺋﺞﻭ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘ‬
‫ﻨ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺭﻥ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻘ‬‫ﺃﻥﺗ‬‫؛ﻳﺠﺐ‬‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﺑ‬‫ﺩ‬‫ﻟﻸ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺍﺟ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺔﻣ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺜ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺔﺑ‬‫ﻗﺸ‬ ‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻨ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻔ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺆ‬‫ﺎﻣ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻋ‬
‫ﻴﻦ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻔﺸﻞﻓﻲﺗﻀ‬ ‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻮ‬‫ﺭﻫ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺮﻣ‬‫ﺁﺧ‬‫ﻴﺐ‬‫‪.‬ﻋ‬‫ﻬﻢ‬‫ﻨ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺎﺕﺑ‬
‫ﻬ‬‫ﺑ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘﺸ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺎﺕﻭ‬ ‫ﻓ‬‫ﺧﻼ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺘ‬ ‫ﺮﺡ‬‫ﺗﺸ‬‫ﻭﻥﻭ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫ﺁﺧ‬
‫ﺋﺞ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺘ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻊ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻤ‬
‫ﺓﺟ‬ ‫ﺭ‬
‫ﻮ‬‫ﻨﺸ‬‫ﺔﻣ‬‫ﺍﺳ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺃﻱﺩ‬‫ﻭﻝ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻨ‬‫ﺘ‬
‫ﺃﻥﺗ‬ ‫‪،‬ﻳﺠﺐ‬‫ً‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﺃﺧ‬‫‪.‬‬
‫ﺔ‬‫ﺍﺳ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺩ‬
‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻘ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻤﻲ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﺮ ﺽﺗ‬ ‫ﻋ‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻗﺸ‬ ‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻨ‬‫ﻤ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺔﻓﻲﻗﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﺿ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬

‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻳ‬‫ﺩ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺭﺷ‬‫ﺪﺍﻻ‬
‫ﺍﻋ‬‫ﻮ‬
‫ﻘ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬

‫ﺍﻷ‬
‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﺳ‬
‫ﺭ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺋﺞ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺘ‬‫ﻨ‬
‫ﺋﺠﻚﺑ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺔﻧ‬
‫ﻧ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻘ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺑ‬
‫ﺩ‬‫ﺍﻷ‬‫ﻡ‬‫ﺪ‬
‫ﺘﺨ‬‫ﺍﺳ‬ ‫‪:‬‬
‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺑ‬
‫ﺩ‬‫ﺍﻷ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻌ‬
‫ﺍﺟ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﻘﻢﺑ‬
‫‪.‬ﻻﺗ‬‫‪1.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬‫ﺮﻯ‬
‫ﺧ‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫ﺔ‬‫ﺍﺳ‬‫ﺭ‬
‫ﺪ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺩ‬
‫ﻮ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺎﻫﻲﻗ‬‫‪.‬ﻭﺿﺢﻣ‬‫‪2.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻮﻃ‬‫ﻤﺨﻄ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﻞﻓﻲ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻜﻞﻛ‬‫ﺓﺑﺸ‬‫ﺭ‬
‫ﻮ‬‫ﻛ‬‫ﺬ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺋﺞ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺘ‬‫ﻨ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻊ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺔﺟ‬‫ﻗﺸ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻨ‬‫‪.‬ﻳﺠﺐﻣ‬‫‪3.‬‬

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